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<br>
=== Clinical Trials ===
====New trials ====
{| {{table}}
| align="center"|'''Title'''
| align="center"|'''Conditions'''
| align="center"|'''Intervention'''
| align="center"|'''Sponsors and Collaborators'''
|-
| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00250406?term=ureteral+stent&rank=1 Assessment of Drug-Eluting Ureteral Stent on Bacterial Adherence and Biofilm Formation]||Renal Calculi, Ureteral Obstruction||Device: Ureteral Stent||Lawson Health Research Institute, Boston Scientific Corporation
|-
| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00270504?term=urethral+stent&rank=1 Memokath® 044TW Stent for Treatment of Urethral Stricture]||Urethral Stricture||Device: Memokath stenting||Engineers & Doctors Wallsten Medical Group
|-
| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00581178?term=urologic+stent&rank=3 Study to Determine if There Are Specific Clinical Factors to Determine Stent Encrustation]||Kidney Stones||N\A||University of California, Irvine
|-
| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00288457?term=urologic+stent&rank=14 Ureteral Stent Length and Patient Symptoms]||Kidney Stones||Device: Ureteral Stent||Emory University
|-
| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00166361?term=urologic+stent&rank=1 Drainage of Malignant Extrinsic Ureteral Obstruction Using the Memokath Ureteral Stent]||Ureteral Obstruction||Device: Memokath 051 Ureteral Stent||Mayo Clinic Engineers & Doctors Wallsten Medical Group
|-
| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00739284?term=urologic+stent&rank=15 A Prospective Comparison Between Ureteral Stent and Nephrostomy Tube for an Urgent Drainage of Obstructed Kidney (JJVsPCN08)]||Kidney Disease||Device: nephrostomy tube and ureteral stent||Rabin Medical Center
|-
|}
==== Concluded trials ====
{| {{table}}
| align="center" |'''Title'''
| align="center" |'''Abstract'''
| align="center" |'''Enrollment'''
| align="center" |'''Disorder'''
| align="center" |'''Conclusion'''
|-
| Long-term outcome of permanent urethral stents in the treatment of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia ||To evaluate the long-term efficacy of a permanently implanted urethral stent in the treatment of spinally injured patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.||13||Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia||Stenting is an effective alternative to sphincterotomy in the long-term, although secondary bladder neck obstruction is a frequent problem.
|-
| Nephrostomy Tube or 'JJ' Ureteric Stent in Ureteric Obstruction: Assessment of Patient Perspectives Using Quality-of-Life Survey and Utility Analysis||Upper urinary tract obstruction is often relieved by either a percutaneous nephrostomy tube (PCN) or a ureteric stent. Both can cause considerable morbidity and reduce patient's health-related quality of life (QoL). We have compared the QoL in these 2 groups.||34||Upper urinary tract obstruction||Patients with 'JJ' stents have significantly more irritative urinary symptoms and a high chance of local discomfort than patients with nephrostomy tubes (PCN). However, based on the EuroQol analysis, there is no significant difference in the gross impact on the health-related QoL or the utility between these groups indicating no patient preference for either modality of treatment.
|-
| Impact of stents on urological complications and health care expenditure in renal transplant recipients: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial.||A randomized, prospective trial to compare the incidence of early urological complications and health care expenditures in renal transplant recipients with or without ureteral stenting.||201||Renal transplant recipient||Using a ureteral stent at renal transplantation significantly decreases the early urinary complications of urine leakage and obstruction. However, there is a significant increase in urinary tract infections, primarily beyond 30 days after transplantation. Stent removal within 4 weeks of insertion appears advisable.
|}
====Adverse Events====
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''S. No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Brand Name'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Adverse Event'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Date FDA Received'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''1'''
|align = "justify"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfMAUDE/Detail.cfm?MDRFOI__ID=660847 Cook Urologicals Cook Urological Stent]</u></font>
|align = "justify"|Stent broke into pieces while removing it from the patients body.
|align = "center"|12/14/2005
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''2'''
|align = "justify"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfMAUDE/Detail.CFM?MDRFOI__ID=930422 Boston Scoientific Boston Scientific Ureteral stent System]</u></font>
|align = "justify"|Fractured stent seen under Fluroscopy
|align = "center"|10/17/2007
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3'''
|align = "justify"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfMAUDE/Detail.CFM?MDRFOI__ID=755260 Boston Scoientific Boston Scientific Ureteral Stent System Kit 8 FR X 24 CM]</u></font>
|align = "justify"|During insertion of ureteral stent, the stent broke into multiple parts which were retained in the patient.
|align = "center"|10/14/2005
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''4'''
|align = "justify"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfMAUDE/Detail.CFM?MDRFOI__ID=564910 Boston Scientific Corp Boston Scientific 8 FR X 28 CM Ureteral Stent System Kit]</u></font>
|align = "justify"|Breakage of the upper loop of the ureteral stent while trying to insert it.
|align = "center"|1/5/2005
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''5'''
|align = "justify"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfMAUDE/Detail.CFM?MDRFOI__ID=522129 Boston Scientific Bostoon Scientific Micro Vasive Contour VL Ureteral Stent]</u></font>
|align = "justify"|Broken stent observed during x-ray procedure.
|align = "center"|12/12/2003
|-
|}
[[Media: non patent upload.xls|'''Review Articles''']]<br>
[[Media: non patent upload1.xls|'''Non Patent Analysis''']]
=== Products ===
{| {{table}}
| align="center"|'''Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.'''
| align="center"|'''Cook Urological Incorporated'''
| align="center"|'''OptiMed Global Care'''
|-
| Polaris™ Ultra Ureteral Stent
| Firlit-Kluge Urethral Stent
| Opti-J Ureteral Stent System
|-
| Polaris™ Loop Ureteral Stent
| Koyle Diaper Stent
| Ureteral Stent Sets, ureterorenoscope
|-
| Stretch™ VL Variable Length Flexima® Stents
| Silicone Universal Drainage Stent
| Extra Strong Stent Sets (-Tumor)
|-
|
| Tarkington Urethral Stent Set
| Steerable Ureteral Stent Sets
|-
|
| Zaontz Urethral Stent
| Multilength
|-
|
| Pediatric Urethral C-Stent
|
|-
|}
=== Startup activity ===
* [http://twincities.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2008/07/28/story8.html AbbeyMoor Medical Inc.], a med-tech firm that’s developed devices for treating urological disorders, has raised $2.7 million in bridge financing.
