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===Code Hopping Algorithm===
According to one of the methods of dynamic power control (Code Hopping) used in W-CDMA technology, the Rate Information (RI) field in the uplink control channel in W-CDMA frame can be used to notify the base station about the variable bit rates (VBR) it wants to send, then the base station assigns a new spreading factor for each data rate and hence the optimal power calculation is done according to the spreading factor as follows.<br> Spreading factor(Gi) is defined as the ratio of bandwidth of the system to the data rate of the radio frame.