Difference between pages "Alopecia - Hair Loss" and "Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System"

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−	== Rationale ==	+	{{TOCrightEx}}
−	* “Medication for men plagued by hair loss has become a topic of interest in Japan since a drug company began marketing it at the end of last year." March 5th, 2006 – [http://stophair.setupmyblog.com/?p=55]	+
−		+
−	* “An increasing number of companies are apparently turning the Chinese fear of a bald spot into big bucks with some doing so well they are branching out into other countries.” February 16, 2006 – [http://stophair.setupmyblog.com/]	+
−		+
−	== Alopecia IPMap ==	+
−	[http://www.dolcera.com/client/ds94x0s90akq9d7xb402fm/hairloss_map.htm Dolcera IPMap for Alopecia]	+
−		+
	== Introduction ==		== Introduction ==
		+	Transportation accounts for 41% of the sources of global warming. Electric vehicles can help dramatically reduce the production of greenhouse gases. Battery systems are the key to the success of electric vehicle technology.
−	=== Hair Basics ===	+	This report describes the technology and patenting trends related to the battery systems used in hybrid vehicles. It also describes in detail the various technical challenges faced by designers of these batteries and the innovative solutions proposed for them. The report also covers the techniques used by Nissan and Toyota's vehicles in this domain.
−	* Hair is a complex and delicate part of the body	+
−	* Keeping it healthy and beautiful is a challenge	+
−	* Structure of Hair root - [http://www.follicle.com/hair-structure-life-cycle.html]	+
−	* Structure of Hair bulb - [http://www.pg.com/science/haircare/hair_twh_12.htm]	+
−	[[Image:Hairbasics.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Structure of Hair root and Hair bulb]]	+
−	=== Reasons for Hair loss ===	+	== Rationale ==
−	[[Image:Facts.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Survey results from Japan]]	+	[[image:globalwarming.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Global warming emissions by sector]]
−	Both men and women lose hair for similar reasons. Hair loss in men is often more dramatic, and follows a specific pattern of loss which has been termed “Male Pattern Baldness” (Androgenetic Alopecia).	+
−	'''Main reasons'''	+	* Automobiles are a source of considerable pollution at the global level, including a significant fraction of the total greenhouse gas emissions.
−	* Hormonal effect of androgen	+	* On July 22, 2002 California Governor Gray Davis signed into law AB 1493 (commonly known as the "Pavley law") — precedent-setting legislation to reduce global warming pollution from motor vehicles.
−	* Reduction of blood circulation around hair follicle	+	* This bill directs the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to develop and adopt regulations that achieve the maximum feasible and cost-effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from passenger cars and light trucks sold in California.
−	* Deactivation of hair matrix cells	+
−	'''Some facts from Japan'''	+	== New Developments ==
−	* Market size: ¥ 30 Billion	+	===Sample visual interactive model===
−	* Number of products: more than 100	+	<gflash>545 375 http://www.dolcera.com/website/assets/HEV_model.swf</gflash>
−	(JICST-EPlus - Japanese Science & Technology)	+	The new millennium is bringing a millennial change to the family car. A few years back, the key concerns were:
		+	* Pollution,
		+	* Nagging worries about global warming, and
		+	* Oil shortages.
		+	These concerns led to the development of Electric Vehicle (EV’s) powered by batteries. But current battery technology does not provide EV's with a range that is acceptable to consumers.
−	== Goals ==	+	'''Limitations of EV’s''':
		+	* An average commute to work is around 40 miles.
		+	* EV's have a range of 80-100 miles using advanced battery technology.
		+	* While batteries need frequent recharging, they are not the only way to power an electric car.
−	The goal of this report is to:	+	== Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) ==
−	* Summarize IP activity over the years	+	The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is just the first step in reducing the environmental impacts of automobile use without losing comfort, performance, storage room and extended driving range.
−	* Identify major players	+
−	* Conduct patent analysis	+
−	a) Composition	+
−	b) Nature	+
−	c) Action	+
−	'''And then'''	+	'''Advantages of HEV’s''':
		+	* The HEV contains parts of both gasoline and electric vehicles in an attempt to get the best of both worlds.
		+	* It is able to operate nearly twice as efficiently as traditional internal combustion vehicles.
		+	* It has equivalent power, range, cost and safety of a conventional vehicle while reducing fuel costs and harmful emissions.
		+	* The battery is continuously recharged by a motor/generator driven by the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) or by regenerative braking.
−	* Analyze patents pertaining to high sebum activity	+	== Components of the HEV Battery System ==
		+	The battery in an HEV is the energy storage device for the electric motor. Unlike the gasoline in the fuel tank, which can only power the gasoline engine, the electric motor in a hybrid car can put energy into the battery as well as draw energy from it.
−	== Approach ==	+	* '''Battery''': Two or more electrochemical energy cells connected together to provide electrical energy.
		+	* '''Generator''': The generator is similar to an electric motor, but it acts only to produce electrical power.
		+	* '''Electric motor''': Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well as a generator. For example, when it needs to, it can draw energy from the batteries to accelerate the car. But acting as a generator, it can slow the car down and return energy to the batteries.
		+	* '''SOC''': The State of Charge of a battery is its available capacity expressed as a percentage of its rated capacity
−	* A broad search was conducted on hair loss patents.	+	[[Image:Hev layout.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Components of the HEV Battery System]]
−	* Patent information was sourced through SIP.	+
−	* A set of patents was selected for analysis.	+
−	Composition of treatment for causes are identified and categorized as follows:	+	== HEV battery system design parameters ==
−	* Anti-androgen	+	Factors affecting battery performance:
−	* Minoxidil	+	* Temperature: Battery performance is highly dependent on temperature. Each type of battery works best within a limited range of temperatures.
−	* Double action (Anti-androgen + Mindoxidil)	+	* Battery age/Shelf life: Corrosion is the main culprit behind decreased performance in lead acid type batteries with age.
−	* Hair matrix cells activator	+	* Depth of discharge: Batteries are able to maintain their performance longer when they are not deeply discharged regularly.
−	* Sebum production inhibitor	+
−	== IP activity over years ==	+	Design parameters:
−	The graph indicates:	+	* How much space is available for the batteries?
−	* Number of patents filed every 5 years (except for first 7 years).	+	* How much can they weigh?
−	* First solution proposed in 1973	+	* What is the desired range?
−	* Filing trend indicates steep rise in activity recently.	+	* What is the weight of the vehicle?
−	[[Image:Year1.jpg|thumb|center|400px|IP Activity over years]]	+	* What is the targeted vehicle cost?
		+	* How will the batteries be recharged and
		+	* What kind of drive system requirements is needed?
−	== Major Players ==	+	These questions are necessary because of the variety of battery types available and the differences between them. The chart below lists the characteristics of the most common types of batteries. (Source [http://www.atti-info.org/technology/ev_tech.html])
−	[[Image:players.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Assignees with more than 20 patents ]]	+
−	[[Image:players1.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Assignees with fewer than 20 patents ]]	+
−	* '''Active Assignees'''	+	[[Image:batterytypes.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Battery types by descending order of popularity]]
−	Assignees currently active with more than 5 patents to their credit during 2000-2005.	+
−	* Warner with 9 patents,	+
−	* Bristol with 6 and	+
−	* Abbott with 5.	+
−	[[Image:Active.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Active Assignees]]	+	== Comparison of top 3 batteries used in HEVs ==
		+	During recharging, it is important to maintain the balance of battery. The balance of battery is maintained by controlling battery from overcharging and over discharging.
−	== Anti-androgens ==	+	The battery is controlled by defining State of Charge (SOC) of the battery:
−	* Anti-androgen is a substance that inhibits biological effects of androgenic hormones	+	* Upper limit value – overcharge and
−	* 5-alpha reductase + Testosterone = Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)	+	* Lower limit value – over discharge
−	* DHT attaches to an Androgen Receptor.	+
−	* DHT causes increase in hair loss and gradual miniaturization of the follicle, which eventually dies resulting hair loss	+
−	=== Functions of Anti-androgen === [http://www.revivogen.com/revivogen/work.html Anti-androgen]	+	When overcharge is detected, power generation is controlled/cut-off and when over discharge is detected, power supply to electric motor is stopped. Detection is achieved by appropriate sensors.
−	[[Image:Andogen1.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Functions of Anti-androgen]]	+	'''''This report investigates various procedures available/adopted by various assignees in order to maintain balanced battery pack by avoiding overcharge and/or over discharge.
		+	'''''
−	=== IP Map for Anti-androgen ===	+	{| class="wikitable" width="80%" style="font-size:90%" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
−		+
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="8", style="#008080"	+
−	!width="30" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Pat/Pub#'''	+
−	!width="30" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Nature'''	+
−	!width="100" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition'''	+
−	!width="100" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition action'''	+
−	|- style="height:20px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009430%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009430&RS=DN/20060009430 US20060009430]	+
−	BLOTECH (2004)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Natural extracts	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Palmetto berry extract (fatty acids & sterols), Pumpkin seed extract (Vitamins-B, alpha-linolenic acid, amino acids and phytosterols), Quercetin (Flavonoids) and Beta-sitosterol (Rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils and soybeans)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Fatty acids – Inhibit testosterone	+
−	Sterols - Mechanism of action unknown.	+
−		+
−	Quercetin results in cell growth cycle.	+
−		+
−	Beta-sitosterol reduce inflammation on scalp	+
−	|- style="height:20px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009427%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009427&RS=DN/20060009427 US20060009427]	+
−	WARNER LAMBERT(2004)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Organic compound	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|New class of 4-cycloalkoxy benzonitrile derivatives and salts	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Acts as androgen receptor modulators and blocks formation of DHT.	+
−	|- style="height:20px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050085467%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050085467&RS=DN/20050085467 US20050085467]	+
−	WARNER LAMBERT(2004)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Organic compound	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|New class of 6-sulfonamido-quinolin-2-one and 6-sulfonamido-2-oxo-chromene derivatives.	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|The compounds inhibit, or decrease, activation of androgen receptor by androgens.	+
−	|- style="height:20px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050118282%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050118282&RS=DN/20050118282 US20050118282]	+
−	APHIOS Corp (2003)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Natural extracts	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Supercritical fluid isolate of Saw Palmetto and Sperol  (Serenoa repens berry) and their analogs or derivatives.	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Modulates androgenic activity by inhibiting 5.alpha.-reductase activity.	+
−	|- style="height:20px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009429%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009429&RS=DN/20060009429 US20060009429]	+
−	Fundacion Pablo Cassara (2003)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Nucleotide	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Pharmacologically active oligonucleotides (encompass both DNA and S-DNA bond)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Oligonucleotides inhibit androgen receptor (AR) expression at very low concentrations in skin and hair follicle	+
−	|- style="height:20px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030007941%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030007941&RS=DN/20030007941 US20030007941]	+
−	PFIZER INC (2001)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Organic compound	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Thyromimetic compounds (structurally similar to thyronine) with finasteride, or cyproterone acetate	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Activates thyroid hormone receptors in hair follicle which in turn promote elasticisation of follicle walls and hair follicle	+
−	|- style="height:20px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030073616%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030073616&RS=DN/20030073616 US20030073616]	+
−	N/A (1995)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Peptides/nucleic acid	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Bradykinin antagonist (peptide of plasma origin from kininogen precursor-kallikrein)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Inhibit synthesis of bradykinin receptors or compounds by binding to B2 receptor	+
−	|- style="height:20px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=EP0279010&F=0 EP0279010]	+
−	KAO Corp (1987)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Natural extracts	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Walnut extract (leaves/pericarps) with an organic solvent	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Blocks formation of DHT	+
−	|}	+
−		+
−	== Minoxidil ==	+
−	* A thick network of tiny veins and arteries lines the outer wall of the follicle. Blood pumps through the bulb and hair via this network	+
−	* Minoxidil dilates blood vessels; which is also called as “potassium channel opener”	+
−	* Minoxidil sulfate (MS) appears to be the active metabolite responsible for hair growth stimulation.	+
−		+
−	=== Functions of Monoxidil === [http://www.nurseminerva.co.uk/diagrams.htm#Diagram%201 Minoxidil]	+
−		+
−	[[Image:minoxidil1.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Functions of Monoxidil]]	+
−		+
−	=== IP Map for Minoxidil ===	+
−		+
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="2"	+
−	!width="100" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Pat/Pub#'''	+
−	!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Nature'''	+
−	!width="300" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition'''	+
−	!width="300" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition action'''	+
−	|- style="height:100px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040157856%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040157856&RS=DN/20040157856 US20040157856]	+
−	WARNER LAMBERT(2002)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Organic compound	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Benzopyran compounds	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Rapidly metabolizes, and causes reduced cardiovascular effects as compared to other known potassium channel openers	+
−	|- style="height:100px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050053572%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050053572&RS=DN/20050053572 US20050053572]	+
−	LG HOUSEHOLD & HEALTH CARE(2001)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Natural extracts	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Sophora flavescens extract (alkaloids & flavonoids, luteolin-7-glucose and cytosine) Hinokitiol (Taiwan hinoki oil, Aomori, Western Red Cedar oil) and Nicotinamide (Vitamin B complex)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Promotes function of cell activity and dilates blood vessels	+
−	|}	+
−		+
−	== Double action (Anti-androgen + Minoxidil) ==	+
−	* Combination of Minoxidil + Anti-androgen (double action) composition for effective treatment of Male-Pattern Baldness	+
−		+
−	=== Functions of (Anti-androgen + Minoxidil) === [http://www.revivogen.com/revivogen/work.html Anti-androgen ]and [http://www.xandrox.net/articles/article01.htm Minoxidil]	+
−	[[Image:Doubleaction1.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Functions of (Anti-androgen + Minoxidil)]]	+
−		+
−	=== IP Map for (Anti-androgen + Minoxidil) ===	+
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="3"	+
−	!width="100" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Pat/Pub#'''	+
−	!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Nature'''	+
−	!width="300" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition'''	+
−	!width="300" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition action'''	+
−	|- style="height:100px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060052405%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060052405&RS=DN/20060052405 US20060052405]	+
−	N/A(2000)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Peptides	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Testosterone blocker or vascular toner (Flutamide, cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, progesterone, or analogs or derivatives) and minoxidil mixed along with non-retinoid penetration enhance and sunscreen	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Inhibits 5.alpha.-reductase activity (block DHT) and increase blood flow on the scalp	+
−	|- style="height:100px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050123577%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050123577&RS=DN/20050123577 US20050123577]	+
−	L'OREAL(2000)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Peptides	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Prostaglandin (polyunsaturated fatty acids) EP-2, EP-3 EP-4 receptor agonist with Minoxidil, 2,4-diaminopyrimidine 3-oxide, and Aminexil, cyclic AMP	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Minoxidil (designed to mimic nitric oxide's effects) grows hair via prostaglandin-H synthase stimulation. EP-3 and EP-4 are expressed in anagen hair follicles which induce a reduction in the level of cAMP	+
−	|- style="height:100px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6447762.PN.&OS=PN/6447762&RS=PN/6447762 US6447762]	+
−	COLOMER GROUP(1999)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Natural extract	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Hop extract (oil contains terpenes and humulene), Rosemary extract (hydroalcohol), Swertia extract (glycol with a swertiamarin), Silanodiol salicylate (biologically active silicon compound)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Inhibits activity of 5-alpha-reductase, protects follicular cell membranes by neutralizing action of oxidation reaction in tissues, stimulates hair follicles and blood circulation to the hair root, supplies oxygen and nutrients to base of follicle, retains humidity, avoids dehydration of scalp	+
−	|}	+
−		+
−		+
−	== Hair matrix cell activator ==	+
−	* Stem cells of the hair follicle are gathered in the basal layer of the outer root sheath bulge.	+
−	* It is from these cells that matrix cells are formed.	+
−	* Growth and differentiation of the matrix cells are under the influence of substances produced by cells of the dermal papilla.	+
−		+
−	=== Functions of Hair matrix cell activator === [http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/fullaccess/fulltext.04023/ft163.pdf Hair matrix cell activator]	+
−	[[Image:Hair matrix.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Functions of Hair matrix cell activator ]]	+
−		+
−	=== IP Map for Hair matrix cell activator ===	+
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="2"	+
−	!width="100" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Pat/Pub#'''	+
−	!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Nature'''	+
−	!width="300" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition'''	+
−	!width="300" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition action'''	+
−	|- style="height:100px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220020052498%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020052498&RS=DN/20020052498 US20020052498]	+
−	SHISEIDO(1999)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Organic compound	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|(2-substituted oxyphenyl) alkanamide derivative and its salt	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Mechanism of action has not been made clear, having excellent hair follicle activating action and regrowth promoting effect	+
−	|- style="height:100px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040071647%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040071647&RS=DN/20040071647 US20040071647]	+
−	L'OREAL(1998)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Peptides	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Metalloprotease (MMP-9) inhibitor (thiol or a hydroxamate) other than chelating calcium ions	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Reducing the expression of MMPs (Metalloproteases) in the scalp - slow down or inhibit the degradation of the perifollicular matrix (extracellular matrix surround the hair follicle)	+
−	|}	+
−		+
−	== Sebum Production Inhibitor ==	+
−	* Sebum, a complex mixture of lipid substances, is secreted from sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles.	+
−	* The inhibitor blocks the excessive sebum production produces greasy effect on hair and scalp and also responsible for thinning and loosing of hair.	+
−		+
−	=== Functions of Sebum Production Inhibitor ===	+
−	[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HairFollicle.jpg Sebum Production Inhibitor]]	+
−	[[Image:Sebum1.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Functions of Sebum Production Inhibitor]]	+
−		+
−	=== IP map for Sebum Production Inhibitor ===	+
−		+
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="3", style="#008080"	+
−	!width="100" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Pat/Pub#'''	+
−	!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Nature'''	+
−	!width="300" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition'''	+
−	!width="300" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Composition action'''	+
−	|- style="height:100px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050277699%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050277699&RS=DN/20050277699 US20050277699]	+
−	Unilever(2005)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Natural extract and organic compound	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Polyamine (putrescine, spermine or spermidine) analogs and/or derivatives; DFMO; N-acetyl cysteines; neutralized salts of a non-hydroxy C2-C40 dicarboxylic acids, preferably malonate salts; and mixtures thereof.	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Decreasing sebum production and/or pore size	+
−	|- style="height:100px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050244362%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050244362&RS=DN/20050244362 US20050244362]	+
−	KAO COPR.(2004)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Natural extract and organic compound	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Avocado oil (Butyl esters of fatty acids)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Reduce sebum of the hair and scalp	+
−	|- style="height:100px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4529587.PN.&OS=PN/4529587&RS=PN/4529587 US4529587]	+
−	Unilever(1982)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|organic compound	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan |Biotin antagonist or a salt thereof	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Decrease activity of the enzyme acetyl-SCoA-carboxylase and hence reduce lipid synthesis in sebaceous glands so that less sebum is produced	+
−	|}	+
−		+
−	== Composition nature matrix ==	+
−		+
−	=== IP map for Composition nature matrix ===	+
−		+
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="11", style="#008080"	+
−	!width="50" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Year'''	+
−	!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Organic Compound'''	+
−	!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Natural extracts'''	+
−	!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Peptides'''	+
−	!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Nucleotides'''	+
−	!width="75" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Natural extract + Organic comp'''	+
−	|- style="height:10px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|2005	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|UNILEVER (1)	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|2004	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|WARNER (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|BLOTECH (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|KAO (1)	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|2003	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|WARNER (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|APHIOS (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|FUNDIACION (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|2002	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|WARNER (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|2001	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan |PFIZER  (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|LG HEALTH-CARE (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|2000	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|L’OREAL (1) / N/A (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|1999	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|SHISEDIO (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|COLOMER (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|1998	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|L’OREAL (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|1995	+	! Lead Acid !! Advanced Lead Acid !! Nickel-Metal Hydride
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|N/A (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|1987	+	| Low cost || Longer lifecycle than conventional lead acid || High cost
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|KAO (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|1982	+	| Low energy density || Valve regulated lead/acid (VRLA) batteries showing promise || Higher energy density than lead acid; not as susceptible to heat
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|UNILEVER (1)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|....	+
−	|}	+
−		+
−	== Focus of patents ==	+
−		+
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="17", style="#008080"	+
−	!width="600" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Focus of patents'''	+
−	!width="20" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Patent no.'''	+
−	!width="20" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Rec. no.'''	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|2-substituted oxyphenyl alkanamide derivative having excellent hair growth effect.	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220020052498%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020052498&RS=DN/20020052498 US20020052498]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|1	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Thyromimetic compounds, and its role in treating hair loss	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030007941%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030007941&RS=DN/20030007941 US20030007941]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|2	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Saw Palmetto berry extract, pumpkin seed extract, sitosterol and quercetin for the treatment and prevention of the biologically detrimental effects of DHT	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009430%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009430&RS=DN/20060009430 US20060009430]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|3	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|4-cycloalkoxy benzonitriles and its use as androgen receptor modulators	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009427%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009427&RS=DN/20060009427 US20060009427]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|4	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Supercritical fluid isolate of Saw Palmetto, Sperol for inhibition of 5-.alpha.-reductase activity	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050118282%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050118282&RS=DN/20050118282 US20050118282]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|5	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|New class of quinolin-2-ones and chromen-2-ones andtheir use as androgen receptor antagonists	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050085467%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050085467&RS=DN/20050085467 US20050085467]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|6	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Antiandrogen oligonucleotides usable for the treatment of dermatological androgen-related disorders	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009429%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009429&RS=DN/20060009429 US20060009429]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|7	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Bradykinin antagonists for stimulating or inducing hair growth and/or arresting hair loss	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030073616%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030073616&RS=DN/20030073616 US20030073616]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|8	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Extract from walnut leaves and/or pericarps as 5 alpha -reductase inhibitor	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=EP0279010&F=0 EP0279010]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|9	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Stimulating hair growth using benzopyrans	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040157856%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040157856&RS=DN/20040157856 US20040157856]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|10	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Sophora flavescens extract, Coicis semen extract, clove extract, etc for promoting hair growth, function of cell activity and dilating peripheral blood vessels.	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050053572%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050053572&RS=DN/20050053572 US20050053572]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|11	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Compositions to prevent or reduce hair loss	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060052405%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060052405&RS=DN/20060052405 US20060052405]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|12	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Prostaglandin EP-3 receptor antagonists for reducing hair loss	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050123577%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050123577&RS=DN/20050123577 US20050123577]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|13	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Synergic effect arising from the interaction of active ingredients, consisting of three plant extracts and a synthetic organosilicic compound for prevent hair loss and stimulate hair growth	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6447762.PN.&OS=PN/6447762&RS=PN/6447762 US6447762]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|14	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Metalloprotease inhibitors to induce and/or stimulate the growth	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040071647%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040071647&RS=DN/20040071647 US20040071647]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|15	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Method of decreasing sebum production and pore size	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050277699%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050277699&RS=DN/20050277699 US20050277699 ]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|16	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Method for reducing sebum on the hair and skin	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4529587.PN.&OS=PN/4529587&RS=PN/4529587 US4529587]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|17	+
−	|}	+
−		+
−	=== Focus of patents by technology ===	+
−	[[Image:Technologyfocus2.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Technology focus]]	+
−		+
−	== Distribution of patents ==	+
−		+
−	=== Distribution based on patent types ===	+
−	[[Image:Didtribution.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Distribution based on patent types ]]	+
−		+
−		+
−	=== Distribution of patents by their key ingredients ===	+
−	[[Image:key1.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Distribution of key ingredients]]	+
−		+
−	=== Distribution based on target diseases ===	+
−	[[Image:target.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Distribution based on target diseases]]	+
−		+
−		+
−	=== Key ingredients vs. Target disease/disorder ===	+
−	[[Image:key&target1.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Key ingredients vs. Target disease]]	+
−		+
−		+
−	=== Target species ===	+
−	[[Image:Species.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Target species]]	+
−		+
−		+
−	=== Mode of administration ===	+
−	[[Image:Mode.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Mode of administration]]	+
−		+
−		+
−	=== Product type vs. Product form ===	+
−	[[Image:prod.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Product type vs. Product form]]	+
−		+
−	== Distribution of patents based on different aspects ==	+
−		+
−	=== List of patents ===	+
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="9", style="#008080"	+
−	!width="20" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Rec. no.'''	+
−	!width="70" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Patent no.'''	+
−	!width="20" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Rec. no.'''	+
−	!width="70" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Patent no.'''	+
−	|- style="height:10px"	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|1	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220020052498%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020052498&RS=DN/20020052498 US20020052498]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|10	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040157856%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040157856&RS=DN/20040157856 US20040157856]	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|2	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030007941%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030007941&RS=DN/20030007941 US20030007941]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|11	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050053572%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050053572&RS=DN/20050053572 US20050053572]	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|3	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009430%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009430&RS=DN/20060009430 US20060009430]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|12	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060052405%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060052405&RS=DN/20060052405 US20060052405]	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|4	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009427%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009427&RS=DN/20060009427 US20060009427]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|13	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050123577%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050123577&RS=DN/20050123577 US20050123577]	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|5	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050118282%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050118282&RS=DN/20050118282 US20050118282]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|14	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6447762.PN.&OS=PN/6447762&RS=PN/6447762 US6447762]	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|6	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050085467%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050085467&RS=DN/20050085467 US20050085467]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|15	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040071647%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040071647&RS=DN/20040071647 US20040071647]	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|7	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009429%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009429&RS=DN/20060009429 US20060009429]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|16	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050277699%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050277699&RS=DN/20050277699 US20050277699]	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|8	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030073616%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030073616&RS=DN/20030073616 US20030073616]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|17	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050244362%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050244362&RS=DN/20050244362 US20050244362]	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|9	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=EP0279010&F=0 EP0279010]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|18	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4529587.PN.&OS=PN/4529587&RS=PN/4529587 US4529587]	+
−	|}	+
−		+
−	=== Distribution of patents based on target diseases ===	+
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="16", style="#008080"	+
−	!width="600" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Target disease/ disorder'''	+
−	!width="20" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Patent no.'''	+
−	!width="20" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Rec. no.'''	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Alopecia areata, alopecia pityrodes or alopecia seborrheica, or androgenic alopecia (i.e. male pattern baldness)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220020052498%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020052498&RS=DN/20020052498 US20020052498]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|1	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Alopecia areata, male pattern baldness and female pattern baldness	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030007941%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030007941&RS=DN/20030007941 US20030007941]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|2	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Androgenic alopecia (i.e. male pattern baldness), prostatic hyperplasia or both.	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009430%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009430&RS=DN/20060009430 US20060009430]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|3	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Inappropriate activation of the androgen receptor, acne, oily skin, alopecia	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009427%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009427&RS=DN/20060009427 US20060009427]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|4	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic cancer, hirsutism, acne, male pattern baldness, seborrhea, and other diseases related to androgen hyperactivity	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050118282%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050118282&RS=DN/20050118282 US20050118282]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|5	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Alopecia, acne, oily skin, prostrate cancer, hirsutism, and benign prostate hyperplasia	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050085467%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050085467&RS=DN/20050085467 US20050085467]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|6	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Androgen-associated hair loss and androgen-skin related disorders.	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060009429%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060009429&RS=DN/20060009429 US20060009429]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|7	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Androgenetic or androgenic alopecia or androgeno-genetic alopecia	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030073616%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030073616&RS=DN/20030073616 US20030073616]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|8	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Diseases caused by testosterone (male-pattern alopecia)	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=EP0279010&F=0 EP0279010]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|9	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Alopecia areata, female pattern hair loss, hair loss secondary to chemotherapy or radiation treatment, stress-related hair loss, self-induced hair loss, scarring alopecia, and alopecia in non-human mammal	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040157856%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040157856&RS=DN/20040157856 US20040157856]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|10	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Male pattern alopecia	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050053572%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050053572&RS=DN/20050053572 US20050053572]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|11	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Alopecia, androgenic alopecia	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060052405%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060052405&RS=DN/20060052405 US20060052405]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|12	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Hair loss	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050123577%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050123577&RS=DN/20050123577 US20050123577]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|13	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Male pattern alopecia	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6447762.PN.&OS=PN/6447762&RS=PN/6447762 US6447762]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|14	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Androgenetic, androgenic or androgenogenetic alopecia	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040071647%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040071647&RS=DN/20040071647 US20040071647]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|15	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Curing other scalp related problems	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050244362%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050244362&RS=DN/20050244362 US20050244362]	+
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|16	+
−	|}	+
−		+
−	=== Distribution of patents based on application ===	+
−	[[Image:application.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Distribution of patents based on application]]	+
−		+
−	=== Interactive Signaling Pathway and linkages ===	+
−	[[Image:Slide1.GIF|thumb|center|700px|Alopecia pathways]]	+
−		+
−	== Players of Wnt inhibition Pathway == [[Image:wnt.jpg|thumb|right|600px|Wnt inhibition]]	+
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="15", style="#008080"	+
−	!width="70" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Patent no.'''	+
−	!width="20" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Key compound'''	+
−	!width="70" bgcolor=DodgerBlue|'''Players of inhibition'''	+
−	|- style="height:10px"	+
−	|bgcolor=lightyellow|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6664247.PN.&OS=PN/6664247&RS=PN/6664247 US6664247]	+
−	|bgcolor=lightyellow|Pyrazole compounds	+
−	|bgcolor=lightyellow|GSK3	+
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor=lightyellow|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6989385.PN.&OS=PN/6989385&RS=PN/6989385 US6989385]	+	| Longer recharging time (6-8 hours) || || Shorter recharging time
−	|bgcolor=lightyellow|Pyrazole compounds	+
−	|bgcolor=lightyellow|GSK3	+
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor=lightyellow|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO2005012256&F=0 WO2005012256]	+	| Only fair cycle life || ||
−	|bgcolor=lightyellow|Pyrazole compounds	+
−	|bgcolor=lightyellow|CDK,GSK3	+
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6974819.PN.&OS=PN/6974819&RS=PN/6974819 US6974819]	+	| Can be ruined by completely discharging them ||  ||
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Pyrimidine derivative	+	|}
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|GSK3	+
		+	==<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>==
		+	<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br>
		+	'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p>
		+	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
		+	|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center"  colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]'''
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6743791.PN.&OS=PN/6743791&RS=PN/6743791 US6743791]	+	| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Heterocyclic compounds	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|AKT3, GSK-3, ERK2	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050277773%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050277773&RS=DN/20050277773 US20050277773]	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|GSK3	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040072836%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040072836&RS=DN/20040072836 US20040072836]	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Aza-oxindole derivatives	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|GSK3, AKT, PKC	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=EP1477489&F=0 EP1477489]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|GSK3
−	|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO0056710&F=0 WO0056710]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|3-(Anilinomethylene) oxindoles
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|GSK3, AKT, PKC
−	|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO03011287&F=0 WO2003011287]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Pyrazolon derivatives
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|GSK3, β-catenin
−	|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6924141.PN.&OS=PN/6924141&RS=PN/6924141 US6924141]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Lithium chloride, Wnt3/4/ 7
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|β-catenin, GSK3, Wnt
−	|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6706685.PN.&OS=PN/6706685&RS=PN/6706685 US6706685]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Peptide sequence
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|β-catenin
−	|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6683048.PN.&OS=PN/6683048&RS=PN/6683048 US6683048]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Peptide sequence
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|α-catenin, β-catenin
−	|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6677116.PN.&OS=PN/6677116&RS=PN/6677116 US6677116]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Peptide sequence  LXXLL
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|β-catenin
−	|-
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6303576.PN.&OS=PN/6303576&RS=PN/6303576 US6303576]
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|Peptide sequence  LXXLL
−	|bgcolor=LightCyan|β-catenin
	|}		|}
−	[[Image:coloury.jpg]]- '''Target sites and Details'''	+	<br>
−	== Pyrazole compounds ==	+	== HEV battery system concerns ==
		+	The ultimate goal of HEV can only be achieved with the balance battery pack since the main source of energy is batteries and recharging is carried out on board.
−	* '''Pyrazole''' (C3H4N2) refers both to the class of simple aromatic ring organic compounds of the heterocyclic series characterized by a 5-membered ring structure composed of three carbon atoms and two nitrogen atoms in adjacent positions and to the unsubstituted parent compound. Being so composed and having pharmacological effects on humans, they are classified as alkaloids although they are not known to occur in nature.	+	'''Advantages of balance battery pack''':
−	* Pyrazoles are produced synthetically through the reaction of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with hydrazine and subsequent dehydrogenation	+	* Balancing of battery SOC’s increases battery life
−	[[Image:pyrazole1.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Pyrazole (C3H4N2)]]	+	* Automated balancing circuitry will decrease overcharging (and gassing) and decrease manual maintenance.
−	* Pyrazoles are used for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiarrhythmic, tranquilizing, muscle relaxing, psychoanaleptic, anticonvulsant, monoamineoxidase inhibiting, antidiabetic and antibacterial activities.	+
−	* Structurally related compounds are pyrazoline and pyrazolidine.	+
−	[[Image:pyrazole2.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Structurally related compounds]]	+
−	=== GSK3 inhibition by pyrazole compounds ===	+	This, in turn, provides:
−	[[Image:bold3.jpg]]	+	* Equivalent power range at low cost as conventional vehicle while reducing fuel costs and harmful emissions.
−	{| border="1" cellpadding="2", style="#008080"	+	* Twice the travel distance of a conventional vehicle on the same amount of energy.
−	!width="100"|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?TERM1=6989385+&Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=0&f=S&l=50 US6989385]	+
−	[[Image:US6989385.jpg]]	+
−	!width="100"|[http://patft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6664247.PN.&OS=PN/6664247&RS=PN/6664247 US6664247]	+
−	[[Image:US6664247.jpg]]	+
−	!width="100"|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO2005012256&F=0 WO2005012256]	+
−	[[Image:WO2005012256.jpg]]	+
−	|-	+
−	|bgcolor=lightcyan|R1=T-Ring D, wherein	+
−	T is a valence bond and	+
−	Ring D = 5-6 membered aryl or heteroaryl ring;	+
−	R2 = hydrogen or C1-4 aliphatic and	+	== Goal ==
−	R2'= hydrogen;	+	This report attempts to summarize various approaches involved in maintaining battery balance. We have selected a few patents, and will show:
		+	* IP activity over the years
		+	* Competitors
		+	* Competitor and Market Landscape
		+	* Technology map
		+	* Technology approaches
−	R3 = -R, -OR, or -N(R4)2, wherein	+	=== IP activity over the years ===
−	R = hydrogen, C1-6 aliphatic, 5-6 membered heterocyclyl, phenyl, or 5-6 membered heteroaryl, and	+	[[Image:patentsoveryears.jpg|thumb|center|500px|IP activity over the years]]
−	L is -O-, -S-, or -NH-; and	+
−	Ring D is substituted by up to three substituents selected from -halo, -CN, -NO2, -N(R4)2, optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic group, -OR, -C(O)R, -CO2R, -CONH(R<4>), -N(R4)COR, -N(R4)CO2R, -SO2N(R4)2, -N(R4)SO2R, -N(R6)COCH2N(R4)2, -N(R6)COCH2CH2N(R4)2, or -N(R6)COCH2CH2CH2N(R4)2, wherein R = hydrogen, C1-6 aliphatic, phenyl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl ring, or 5-6 membered heterocyclic ring	+
−	|bgcolor=lightcyan|X = R1-A-NR4- or a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; A is a bond, S02, C=O, NRg(C=O) or O(C=O) wherein Rg is hydrogen or C1-4 hydrocarbyl optionally substituted by hydroxy or C1-4 alkoxy; Y is a bond or an alkylene chain of 1, 2 or 3 carbon atoms in length;	+	=== Assignee wise IP activity ===
		+	Companies with many patents of HEV battery  are arranged in decreasing order in the graph given below. Top three players are Nissan motors with (5) patent records to its credit, followed by Toyota with (4) and Acqueous (3).
		+	[[Image:Assignee wise IP.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Assignee wise IP activity]]
−	R1 is hydrogen; carbocyclic or heterocyclic group having from 3 to 12 ring members; or  C1-8 hydrocarbyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen (e.g. fluorine), hydroxy, C1-4 hydrocarbyloxy, amino, mono- or di-C1-4 hydrocarbylamino, and carbocyclic or heterocyclic groups having from 3 to 12 ring members, and wherein 1 or 2 of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbyl group may optionally be replaced by an atom or group selected from 0, S, NH, SO, S02;	+	=== Competitor and Market Landscape ===
−	R2 is hydrogen; halogen; C1-4 alkoxy (e.g. methoxy); or a C1-4 hydrocarbyl group optionally substituted by halogen (e.g. fluorine), hydroxyl or C1-4 alkoxy (e.g. methoxy); R3 is selected from hydrogen and carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups having from 3 to 12 ring members; and	+	The left graph given below displays the assignee wise IP activity over years, according to the present data the very first patent pertaining to HEV battery charging system was filed by HYBRICON in 1978 but is not in the race anymore. Though NISSAN, AQUEOUS and TOYOTA seems to be ahead in acquiring max. number of patent to their credits, but not active since 2000. GM and HONDA have bagged single-single patent of same age in 2003.
−	R4 is hydrogen or a C1-4 hydrocarbyl group optionally substituted by halogen (e.g. fluorine), hydroxyl or C1-4 alkoxy (e.g. methoxy).	+	The  right graph given below displays the market (countries) eyed by various competitors. The hot market place for most competitors is Japan (17) followed by United States (11) and Germany (04). According to the present data, Nissan seems to be having strong presence in Japan market that rests with 5 patents protected, followed by Aqueous and Toyota.
−		+
−	|bgcolor=lightcyan|X is a groupR1-A-NR4-or a 5-or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring;	+
−	A is a bond,SO2, C=O, NRg (C=O) or O(C=O) wherein Rg is hydrogen orC14 hydrocarbyl optionally substituted by hydroxy or C1-4 alkoxy;Y is a bond or an alkylene chain of 1,2 or 3 carbon atoms in length;R'is hydrogen; a carbocyclic or heterocyclic group having from 3 to 12 ring members; or a C1-8 hydrocarbyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen (e. g. fluorine), hydroxy, C1-4 hydrocarbyloxy, amino, mono-ordi-Cl 4 hydrocarbylamino, and carbocyclic or heterocyclic groups having from 3 to 12 ring members, and wherein 1 or 2 of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbyl group may optionally be replaced by an atom or group selected fromO, S, NH, SO, SO2 ;R2 is hydrogen; halogen;C14 alkoxy (e. g. methoxy); or aC14 hydrocarbyl group optionally substituted by halogen (e. g. fluorine), hydroxyl orC14 alkoxy (e. g. methoxy);R3 is selected from hydrogen and carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups having from 3 to 12 ring members; andR4 is hydrogen or a C1-4 hydrocarbyl group optionally substituted by halogen (e. g. fluorine), hydroxyl or C1-4 alkoxy (e. g. methoxy).	+
−	|}	+
−	=== GSK3 inhibition by pryazole pyrimidine amine derivatives ===	+	We will look into their technologies in competitor approaches section latter in the report.
		+	[[Image:Competitor.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Competitor and Market Landscape]]
−	'''Patent Number''': US6989385	+	=== Distribution of patents based on Technology focus ===
−	'''Applicant''': ''Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated''	+	[[Image:Distribution.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Distribution of patents based on Technology focus]]
−	'''Title''': Pyrazole compounds useful as protein kinase inhibitors	+
−	'''Basic Structure''':	+	The above pie chart displaying various factors has effect on battery charge and discharge. The numbers indicating the distribution of patents in that area are from selected list of patents. The distribution of patents is based on technology focused in the patent.
−	[[Image:pyrazol1.jpeg]]	+	* '''Power generation''': Technologies disclosed in patents for modes of power generation in HEV for charging the battery and ways of handling them.
−	'''Derivatives of pyrimidine-pyrazole amine disclosed in the patent:'''	+	* '''Power management''': Technologies disclosed in patents for managing the battery balance during power generating and/or consuming.
−	* [6-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-met- hyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+	* '''Fluctuating HEV operating mode''': Technologies disclosed in patents for managing battery balance during fluctuating operating modes, especially in composite HEV.
−	* [6-(2-Methylphenyl)-2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-- 2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamido-phenylsulfanyl)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyra- zol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Isobutyrylylamino-phenylsulfanyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-- 2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-	+
−	* [6-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-- pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[6-phenyl-2-(4-propionylamino-phenylsulfanyl)-p- yrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Cyclopropanecarbonylamino-phenylsulfanyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl]-(5- -methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-{6-phenyl-2-[4-(propane-1-sulfonylamino)-phenyl- sulfanyl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Ethanesulfonylamino-phenylsulfanyl)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-meth- yl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamidophenyl-sulfanyl)-6-(2-methylphenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-meth- yl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Isobutanecarbonylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-- methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-5-methyl-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-meth- yl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-me- thyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-(3-Acetamidophenyl)-2-(4-acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-- methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Isopropanesulfonylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5- -methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* {2-[4-(2-Dimethylamino-acetylamino)-phenylsulfanyl]-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-y- l}-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chloro-benzylsulfanyl)-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H- -pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chloro-benzylsulfanyl)-6-(2-methoxy-ethylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-m- ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-Benzylsulfanyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-- pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-Benzylsulfanyl-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-- yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chloro-benzylsulfanyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5- -methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-methoxy-benzylsulfanyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(- 5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-tert-butyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H- -pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[6-phenyl-2-(4-propionylamino-phenyl-sulfa- nyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chloro-benzylsulfanyl)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-- 2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-{2-[4-(morpholinesulfonyl)-benzylsulfanyl]-6-mo- rpholin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine	+
−	* {6-(2-Methoxy-ethylamino)-2-[4-(morpholinesulfonyl)-benzylsulfanyl]-pyrimi- din-4-yl}-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* {6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-[4-(morpholinesulfonyl)-benzylsulfanyl]-pyri- midin-4-yl}-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-Methoxymethyl-2-(4-propionylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-m- ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Methoxycarbonyl-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-- methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3,5-Dimethoxy-benzylsulfanyl)-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-meth- yl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3,5-Dimethoxy-benzylsulfanyl)-6-pyrrolidin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-met- hyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* 5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[6-morpholin-4-yl-2-(naphthalene-2-ylmethylsulf- anyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* {2-(4-Acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-[4-(3-dimethylamino-propoxy)-phenyl]-py- rimidin-4-yl}-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamidophenylsulfanyl)-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methy- l-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-Hydroxymethyl-2-(4-propionylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-m- ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl- )-amine	+
−	* [6-(1-Butoxycarbonyl)-2-(4-propionylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]- -(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-Methoxycarbonyl-2-(4-propionylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5- -methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-(6-phenyl-2-phenylamino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-(6-phenyl-2-phenylamino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[2-(3-methylphenylamino)-6-phenyl-pyrimidi- n-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-cyanomethylphenylamino)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-cyclopropyl-2H-p- yrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[6-phenyl-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethylamino)-pyri- midin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chlorophenyl)amino-6-(3-nitrophenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-py- razol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chlorophenyl)amino-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-met- hyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[2-(4-sulfamoylphenylamino)-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxy- phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlorophenyl)amino-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-[5-(furan-2-yl)-2H-pyraz- ol-3-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(Benzimidazol-2-ylamino-)6-ethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3- -yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlorophenyl)amino-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-y- l)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlorophenyl)amino-6-ethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl- )-amine	+
−	* (5-tert-Butyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[2-(3-chlorophenyl)amino-6-(3-nitrophenyl)-- pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chlorophenyl)amino-6-(3-nitrophenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-phenyl-2H-py- razol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [5-(Furan-2-yl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-(6-phenyl-2-phenylamino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-a- mine	+
−	* [2-(Benzimidazol-2-ylamino)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-- 3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(Benzimidazol-2-ylamino)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-[5-(Furan-2-yl)-2H-py- razol-3-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlorophenylamino)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-y- l)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlorophenyl)amino-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol- -3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5,6-Dimethyl-2-phenylamino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlorophenyl)amino-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyra- zol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(Benzimidazol-2-ylamino)-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-p- yrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (6-Methoxymethyl-2-phenylamino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-- amine	+
−	* (6-Methyl-2-phenylamino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(2-Chlorophenoxymethyl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3- -yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(2-Chlorophenoxymethyl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-[5-(furan-2-yl)-2H-pyr- azol-3-yl]-amine	+
−	* (6-methyl-2-phenoxymethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [5-(Furan-2-yl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-(6-methyl-2-phenoxymethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)- -amine	+
−	* [5-(Furan-2-yl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-(6-methyl-2-phenylsulfanylmethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-Methyl-2-(4-methyl-phenylsulfanylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-phenyl-2H-p- yrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [5-(Furan-2-yl)-2H-pyrazol-3-yl]-[6-Methyl-2-(4-methyl-phenylsulfanylmethy- l)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Fluoro-phenoxymethyl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol-- 3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Fluoro-phenoxymethyl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-[5-(furan-2-yl)-2H-py- razol-3-yl]-amine	+
−	* (6-Ethyl-2-phenylsulfanylmethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)- -amine	+
−	* (6-Ethyl-2-phenoxymethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-Ethyl-2-(4-fluorophenoxymethyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-- yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-Ethyl-2-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-- 3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlororophenoxymethyl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-phenyl-2H-pyrazol- -3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlororophenoxymethyl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol- -3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlororophenoxymethyl)-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-- pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlororophenoxymethyl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-[5-(furan-2-yl)-2H-p- yrazol-3-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-(2-phenylsulfanylmethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quin- azolin-4-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Methylphenylsulfanylmethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cycloheptapyrimidi- n-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(1-Methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cycloheptapyrimidin-4-y- l]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-quinazolin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-p- yrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [7-Benzyl-2-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-- 4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-Benzyl-2-(4-chlorophenoxymethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimi- din-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-	+
−	* [2-(4-Chlorophenoxymethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]- -(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl- )-amine	+
−	* [2-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)-5,6-dimethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-- 3-yl)-amine	+
−	----	+
−	'''Patent Number''': US7008948	+
−	'''Applicant''': Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated	+
−	'''Title''': Fused pyrimidyl pyrazole compounds useful as protein kinase inhibitors	+
−	'''Basic Structure'''	+
−	[[Image:pyrazol2.jpeg]]	+	* '''Power supply''': Technology disclosed in patent for starting engine with auxiliary battery current when main battery current is not sufficient to start engine
−	'''Derivatives of pyrimidine-pyrazole amine disclosed in the patent:'''	+	=== IPMap ===
		+	[[Image:hev_ipmap.jpg|800px]]
−	* [2-(2-Clorophenyl)-5,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-- amine	+	== Clustering - Technology focus ==
−	* [2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cycloheptapyrimidin-4-yl]-(1H-i- ndazol-3-yl)-amine	+	[[Image:Cluster.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Clustering - Technology focus]]
−	* (5-Fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydr- o-pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-	+
−	* [2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cycloheptapyrimidin-4-yl]-(7-fl- uoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cycloheptapyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-fl- uoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cycloheptapyrimidin-4-yl]-(5,7-- difluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (7-Fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydr- oquinazolin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5-Fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydr- oquinazolin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5,7-Difluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetra- hydroquinazolin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5-Trifluoromethyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8-- tetrahydroquinazolin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5,7-difluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetra- hydro-5H-cycloheptapyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (6-Benzyl-2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-pyrido[4,3-d]pyr- imidin-4-yl)-(5-fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (1H-Indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-cycl- oheptapyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (7-Fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydr- o-5H-cycloheptapyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5-Fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydr- o-5H-cycloheptapyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5-Fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydr- o-pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazol- in-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (7-Benzyl-2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-(5-fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (1H-Indazol-3-yl)-[6-methyl-2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* 1H-Indazol-3-yl)-[6-phenyl-2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	----	+
−	'''Patent Number''': US6977262	+
−	'''Assignee''': Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation	+
−	'''Title''': Dihydropyrazolopyridine compounds and pharmaceutical use thereof	+
−	'''Basic Structure''':	+
−	[[Image:pyrazol3.jpeg]]	+	== Technology approach ==
−	'''Derivatives of pyrimidine-pyrazole amine disclosed in the patent:'''	+	=== Major Players ===
		+	In technology approach patent and non-patent literature is used to extract information about the technology profile of various assignees such as
−	* Ethyl 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate	+	* Years in this activity
−	* Ethyl 4,7-dihydro-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate	+
−	* Ethyl 4,7-dihydro-6-methyl-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin e-5-carboxylate	+
−	* Methyl 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate	+
−	* t-Butyl 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate	+
−	* Isopropyl 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate	+
−	* Benzyl 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate	+
−	* 4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-dimethylaminocarbonyl-4,7-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridine	+
−	* 4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-hydrazinocarbonyl-4,7-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4 -b]pyridine	+
−	* 4-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-6-methyl-5-isopropylthiocarbonyl-2H-pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridine	+
−	* 4,7-Dihydro-6-methyl-5-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b] pyridine	+
−	* Ethyl 4,7-dihydro-4-phenyl-6-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbox ylate	+
−	* Ethyl 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin e-5-carboxylate	+
−	* Ethyl 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin e-5-carboxylate maleate	+
−	* Ethyl 4,7-dihydro-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-6-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridi ne-5-carboxylate	+
−	* Ethyl 4,7-dihydro-6-trifluoromethyl-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridine-5-carboxylate	+
−	* Ethyl 4-(3-chlorophenyl)-4,7-dihydro-6-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin e-5-carboxylate	+
−	----	+
−	'''Patent Number''': US6664247	+
−	'''Assignee''': Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated	+
−	'''Title''': Pyrazole compounds useful as protein kinase inhibitors'''	+
−	'''Basic Structure''':	+
−	[[Image:pyrazol4.jpeg]]	+	* Type of batteries used
−	'''Derivatives of pyrimidine-pyrazole amine disclosed in the patent:'''	+	* Battery charging system
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[2-(naphtalen-2-ylsulfanyl)-6-phenylpyrimid in-4-yl]-amine	+	* Types of HEV (Series (SHV)/Parallel (PHV)/Composite (SPHVS))
−	* 5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[2-(3-methoxycarbonyl-phenylylsulfanyl)-6-p henylpyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl ]-amine	+
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[5,6-dimethyl-2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfanyl)-p yrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[5-methyl-2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfanyl)-pyrim idin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[6-methyl-2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfanyl)-pyrim idin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[6-(morpholin-4-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfa nyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[6-(1-methylpiperazin-4-yl)-2-(naphthalen-2 -ylsulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [6-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-meth yl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-(2-Methylphenyl)-2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2 H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamido-phenylsulfanyl)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyraz ol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[2-(naphthalen-2-ylsulfanyl)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin- 4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Isobutyrylylamino-phenylsulfanyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2 H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-p yrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[6-phenyl-2-(4-propionylamino-phenylsulfanyl)-py rimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Cyclopropanecarbonylamino-phenylsulfanyl)-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl]-(5- methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-{6-phenyl-2-[4-(propane-1-sulfonylamino)-phenyls ulfanyl]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Ethanesulfonylamino-phenylsulfanyl)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methy l-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamidophenyl-sulfanyl)-6-(2-methylphenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methy l-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Isobutanecarbonylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-m ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-5-methyl-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methy l-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-met hyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-(3-Acetamidophenyl)-2-(4-acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-m ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Isopropanesulfonylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5- methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (2-[4-(2-Dimethylamino-acetylamino)-phenylsulfanyl]-6-phenyl-pyrimidin-4-yl }-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chloro-benzylsulfanyl)-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chloro-benzylsulfanyl)-6-(2-methoxy-ethylamino)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-me thyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-Benzylsulfanyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-p yrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-Benzylsulfanyl-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-y l)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chloro-benzylsulfanyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5- methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-methoxy-benzylsulfanyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5 -methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-tert-butyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H- pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* 5-Cyclopropyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[6-phenyl-2-(4-propionylamino-phenyl-sulfan yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [2-(3-Chloro-benzylsulfanyl)-6-(piperidin-1-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2 H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-{2-[4-(morpholinesulfonyl)-benzylsulfanyl]-6-mor pholin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl}-amine	+
−	* {6-(2-Methoxy-ethylamino)-2-[4-(morpholinesulfonyl)-benzylsulfanyl]-pyrimid in-4-yl}-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* {6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-[4-(morpholinesulfonyl)-benzylsulfanyl]-pyrim idin-4-yl}-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-Methoxymethyl-2-(4-propionylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-me thyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Methoxycarbonyl-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-methoxymethyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-m ethyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3,5-Dimethoxy-benzylsulfanyl)-6-morpholin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methy l-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(3,5-Dimethoxy-benzylsulfanyl)-6-pyrrolidin-4-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-meth yl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[6-morpholin-4-yl-2-(naphthalene-2-yl-methylsulf anyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* {2-(4-Acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-6-[4-(3-dimethylamino-propoxy)phenyl]-pyri midin-4-yl}-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamidophenylsulfanyl)-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl -2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-Hydroxymethyl-2-(4-propionylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-me thyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(4-Acetamido-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl) -amine	+
−	* [6-(1-Butoxycarbonyl)-2-(4-propionylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]-( 5-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-Methoxycarbonyl-2-(4-propionylamino-phenyl-sulfanyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5- methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine.	+
−	----	+
−	'''Patent Number''': US2004224944	+
−	'''Assignee''': VERTEX PHARMACEUTICALS INC	+
−	'''Title''': Pyrazole compounds useful as protein kinase inhibitors	+
−	'''Basic Structure''':	+
−	[[Image:pyrazol5.jpeg]]	+	* Technological strength based on citation analysis
−	'''Derivatives of pyrimidine-pyrazole amine disclosed in the patent:'''	+	* Product Vs patent identification
−	* [2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopentapyrimidin-4-yl]-(5,7-difluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-amine	+	* Battery management solutions proposed (i.e. current control/cut-off system and SOC detection
−	* (1H-Indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-cyclooctapyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+	technique)
−	* (7-Fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-cyclooctapyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* (5,7-Difluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-cyclooctapyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* [6-Cyclohexyl-2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [6-(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-pyrimidin-4-yl]-(1H-indazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* (6-Fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-quinazolin-4-yl]-amine	+
−	* 3-[2-(2-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-quinazolin-4-ylamino]-1H-indazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ster	+
−	* (5-Methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-[2-(2-naphthyl-1-yl)-quinazolin-4-yl]-	+
−	* [2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-(7-fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	* [2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-(5-fluoro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-amine	+
−	=== Other derivates used by different assigness for the treatment of alopecia ===	+	* Scientific literature and technology news to strengthen the report, since patent activity is a slow process.
−	[[Image:other derivates.jpeg]]	+
−	== Inhibition of 5- - reductase by Finasteride ==	+	=== Toyota Motors ===
−	[[Image:5-alpha-reductase inhibition.jpeg]]	+
−	=== Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) of Finasteride ===	+	* '''Battery type''': Lead-Acid battery
−	[[Image:SAR_map.gif]]	+
−	== Questions Dolcera Answers ==	+	* '''Battery charging system''': The charge to the DC-battery is provided from the power generated by the generator and the regeneration power from the drive motor at the time of braking.
−	'''What’s hot?'''	+	* '''First approach:'''
−	* What compositions/ approaches are the most promising?	+	[[Image:Toyota.jpg]]
−	* What can I license?	+
−	* Can you map blockbuster products to their patents?	+
−	'''Can you save me some time?'''	+	* '''Second approach:'''
−	* What combinations/ compounds have already been tried?	+	[[Image:Toyota2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Toyota Motors - Technology Approach2]]
−	* Is any empirical data available?	+
−	* Can you tell me the side effects?	+
−	'''Where should I focus my R&D investment?'''	+	* '''Findings:'''
−	* What are the most promising approaches?	+	[[Image:Toyotafindings.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Findings]]
−	* Where’s the ‘white space’ for me to play in?	+
−	'''Any hints for research?'''	+	=== Nissan Motors ===
−	* Are there any combinations I could develop?	+
−	'''What should I do in this geography?'''	+	* '''Battery type:-''' Lead-acid and/or Nickel-Hydrogen battery
−	* What are my competitors up to in this geography?	+
−	* What are my strengths/ weaknesses here?	+
−	'''What’s my competition up to?'''	+	* '''Battery charging system:-'''
		+	The battery is charged from the power generated by the generator and regeneration power from a motor.Electric motor functions as a generator to charge the battery when a hybrid vehicle is restarted after an idling stop released.
−	* What’s my top competitor investing in?	+	* '''First approach:'''
−	* Are there any loopholes in their patents?	+	[[Image:Nissan1.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Nissan Motors - Technology Approach1]]
−	* When are their patents expiring?	+
−	* Will a competitor emerge from nowhere and surprise me?	+
−	* What are the crowded areas?	+
−	'''How do I play defense?'''	+	* '''Second approach:'''
−	* What should my blocking/reactive strategies be?	+	[[Image:Nissan2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Nissan Motors - Technology Approach2]]
		+	* '''Findings:'''
−	== New Combinations based on IP study? ==	+	* JP10295045 (1997):- Battery management system, received 21 forward citations from all big names in a span of 5 years and self- cited twice the same technology indicating strong technology strength and building on its own technology.
−	Yes, new Combinations can be made with '''natural products''' based on IP study	+	* Patent and non-patent information indicate that Nissan has focused much on circuit arrangements for charging or depolarizing batteries or for supplying loads from batteries (H02J 7/00).
−	* Walnut extract containing [[Image:5ar.jpg]] inhibitor (as anti-androgen) and Flavnones (for vasodilation).	+
−	* Sophora Flavnones (for vasodilation) in combination with Saw Palmetto berry (as anti-androgen).	+
−	'''Note:''' The above combinations are based on limited study and are only possible examples	+	* Jointly worked with Sony corp. (1998) developing high power density Li-ion battery for parallel HEV.
−	== IP studies provides ==	+	* Proposed a novel charge/discharge control system based on car navigation information.
−	=== Technology trends ===	+	{{btot}}
−	* Use of saw palmetto berry for treating alopecia was first patented in 1996.	+
−	* Since then, 144 patents (including family patents) have been filed till 2006.	+
−	* Most patents use saw palmetto berry in combination with other products.	+
−	[[Image:Technology1.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Technology trends]]	+
−	=== New opportunities ===	+	==<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>==
−	Yes, the IP studies provide new opportunities in the following area.	+	<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br>
−	* Sophora Flavescens contain flavnoids.	+	'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p>
−	* Natural extract Sophora Flavescens cited in LG patent of 2001.	+	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
−	* Research shows fewer than 7 patents based on Sophora Flavescens for hair loss or alopecia.	+	|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center"  colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]'''
		+	|-
		+	| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
		+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
		+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
		+	|-
		+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
		+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
		+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
		+	|-
		+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
		+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
		+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
		+	|-
		+	|}
		+	<br>
−	* What's this?	+	==Contact Dolcera==
−	== Conclusions ==	+	{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
−	* Hair loss medication is a very active area of research and intellectual property development.	+	|-
−	* One of the most promising areas of development is the area of Anti-androgens.	+	! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera
−	* The top companies are Merck, L’Oreal and Smithkline.	+	|-
−		+	| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
−	== Useful links ==	+	|-
−	* [http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/h_ghPathway.asp Pathways example]	+	| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952
−	* [http://www.cellsignal.com/category.asp?catalog_name=CellSignal&category_name=MAPK+Signaling Signaling Pathways]	+	|}
−		+
−	== Summary ==	+

---

Latest revision as of 15:44, 15 November 2010

Contents 1 Introduction 2 Rationale 3 New Developments 3.1 Sample visual interactive model 4 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) 5 Components of the HEV Battery System 6 HEV battery system design parameters 7 Comparison of top 3 batteries used in HEVs 8 Like this report? 9 HEV battery system concerns 10 Goal 10.1 IP activity over the years 10.2 Assignee wise IP activity 10.3 Competitor and Market Landscape 10.4 Distribution of patents based on Technology focus 10.5 IPMap 11 Clustering - Technology focus 12 Technology approach 12.1 Major Players 12.2 Toyota Motors 12.3 Nissan Motors 13 Like this report? 14 Contact Dolcera

Introduction

Transportation accounts for 41% of the sources of global warming. Electric vehicles can help dramatically reduce the production of greenhouse gases. Battery systems are the key to the success of electric vehicle technology.

This report describes the technology and patenting trends related to the battery systems used in hybrid vehicles. It also describes in detail the various technical challenges faced by designers of these batteries and the innovative solutions proposed for them. The report also covers the techniques used by Nissan and Toyota's vehicles in this domain.

Rationale

• Automobiles are a source of considerable pollution at the global level, including a significant fraction of the total greenhouse gas emissions.
• On July 22, 2002 California Governor Gray Davis signed into law AB 1493 (commonly known as the "Pavley law") — precedent-setting legislation to reduce global warming pollution from motor vehicles.
• This bill directs the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to develop and adopt regulations that achieve the maximum feasible and cost-effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from passenger cars and light trucks sold in California.

New Developments

Sample visual interactive model

The new millennium is bringing a millennial change to the family car. A few years back, the key concerns were:

• Pollution,
• Nagging worries about global warming, and
• Oil shortages.

These concerns led to the development of Electric Vehicle (EV’s) powered by batteries. But current battery technology does not provide EV's with a range that is acceptable to consumers. Limitations of EV’s:

• An average commute to work is around 40 miles.
• EV's have a range of 80-100 miles using advanced battery technology.
• While batteries need frequent recharging, they are not the only way to power an electric car.

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)

The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is just the first step in reducing the environmental impacts of automobile use without losing comfort, performance, storage room and extended driving range.

Advantages of HEV’s:

• The HEV contains parts of both gasoline and electric vehicles in an attempt to get the best of both worlds.
• It is able to operate nearly twice as efficiently as traditional internal combustion vehicles.
• It has equivalent power, range, cost and safety of a conventional vehicle while reducing fuel costs and harmful emissions.
• The battery is continuously recharged by a motor/generator driven by the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) or by regenerative braking.

Components of the HEV Battery System

The battery in an HEV is the energy storage device for the electric motor. Unlike the gasoline in the fuel tank, which can only power the gasoline engine, the electric motor in a hybrid car can put energy into the battery as well as draw energy from it.

• Battery: Two or more electrochemical energy cells connected together to provide electrical energy.
• Generator: The generator is similar to an electric motor, but it acts only to produce electrical power.
• Electric motor: Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well as a generator. For example, when it needs to, it can draw energy from the batteries to accelerate the car. But acting as a generator, it can slow the car down and return energy to the batteries.
• SOC: The State of Charge of a battery is its available capacity expressed as a percentage of its rated capacity

HEV battery system design parameters

Factors affecting battery performance:

• Temperature: Battery performance is highly dependent on temperature. Each type of battery works best within a limited range of temperatures.
• Battery age/Shelf life: Corrosion is the main culprit behind decreased performance in lead acid type batteries with age.
• Depth of discharge: Batteries are able to maintain their performance longer when they are not deeply discharged regularly.

Design parameters:

• How much space is available for the batteries?
• How much can they weigh?
• What is the desired range?
• What is the weight of the vehicle?
• What is the targeted vehicle cost?
• How will the batteries be recharged and
• What kind of drive system requirements is needed?

These questions are necessary because of the variety of battery types available and the differences between them. The chart below lists the characteristics of the most common types of batteries. (Source [1])

Comparison of top 3 batteries used in HEVs

During recharging, it is important to maintain the balance of battery. The balance of battery is maintained by controlling battery from overcharging and over discharging.

The battery is controlled by defining State of Charge (SOC) of the battery:

• Upper limit value – overcharge and
• Lower limit value – over discharge

When overcharge is detected, power generation is controlled/cut-off and when over discharge is detected, power supply to electric motor is stopped. Detection is achieved by appropriate sensors.

This report investigates various procedures available/adopted by various assignees in order to maintain balanced battery pack by avoiding overcharge and/or over discharge.

Lead Acid	Advanced Lead Acid	Nickel-Metal Hydride
Low cost	Longer lifecycle than conventional lead acid	High cost
Low energy density	Valve regulated lead/acid (VRLA) batteries showing promise	Higher energy density than lead acid; not as susceptible to heat
Longer recharging time (6-8 hours)		Shorter recharging time
Only fair cycle life
Can be ruined by completely discharging them

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HEV battery system concerns

The ultimate goal of HEV can only be achieved with the balance battery pack since the main source of energy is batteries and recharging is carried out on board.

Advantages of balance battery pack:

• Balancing of battery SOC’s increases battery life
• Automated balancing circuitry will decrease overcharging (and gassing) and decrease manual maintenance.

This, in turn, provides:

• Equivalent power range at low cost as conventional vehicle while reducing fuel costs and harmful emissions.
• Twice the travel distance of a conventional vehicle on the same amount of energy.

Goal

This report attempts to summarize various approaches involved in maintaining battery balance. We have selected a few patents, and will show:

• IP activity over the years
• Competitors
• Competitor and Market Landscape
• Technology map
• Technology approaches

IP activity over the years

Assignee wise IP activity

Companies with many patents of HEV battery are arranged in decreasing order in the graph given below. Top three players are Nissan motors with (5) patent records to its credit, followed by Toyota with (4) and Acqueous (3).

Competitor and Market Landscape

The left graph given below displays the assignee wise IP activity over years, according to the present data the very first patent pertaining to HEV battery charging system was filed by HYBRICON in 1978 but is not in the race anymore. Though NISSAN, AQUEOUS and TOYOTA seems to be ahead in acquiring max. number of patent to their credits, but not active since 2000. GM and HONDA have bagged single-single patent of same age in 2003.

The right graph given below displays the market (countries) eyed by various competitors. The hot market place for most competitors is Japan (17) followed by United States (11) and Germany (04). According to the present data, Nissan seems to be having strong presence in Japan market that rests with 5 patents protected, followed by Aqueous and Toyota.

We will look into their technologies in competitor approaches section latter in the report.

Distribution of patents based on Technology focus

The above pie chart displaying various factors has effect on battery charge and discharge. The numbers indicating the distribution of patents in that area are from selected list of patents. The distribution of patents is based on technology focused in the patent.

• Power generation: Technologies disclosed in patents for modes of power generation in HEV for charging the battery and ways of handling them.

• Power management: Technologies disclosed in patents for managing the battery balance during power generating and/or consuming.

• Fluctuating HEV operating mode: Technologies disclosed in patents for managing battery balance during fluctuating operating modes, especially in composite HEV.

• Power supply: Technology disclosed in patent for starting engine with auxiliary battery current when main battery current is not sufficient to start engine

IPMap

Clustering - Technology focus

Technology approach

Major Players

In technology approach patent and non-patent literature is used to extract information about the technology profile of various assignees such as

• Years in this activity

• Type of batteries used

• Battery charging system

• Types of HEV (Series (SHV)/Parallel (PHV)/Composite (SPHVS))

• Technological strength based on citation analysis

• Product Vs patent identification

• Battery management solutions proposed (i.e. current control/cut-off system and SOC detection

technique)

• Scientific literature and technology news to strengthen the report, since patent activity is a slow process.

Toyota Motors

• Battery type: Lead-Acid battery

• Battery charging system: The charge to the DC-battery is provided from the power generated by the generator and the regeneration power from the drive motor at the time of braking.

• First approach:

• Second approach:

• Findings:

Nissan Motors

• Battery type:- Lead-acid and/or Nickel-Hydrogen battery

• Battery charging system:-

The battery is charged from the power generated by the generator and regeneration power from a motor.Electric motor functions as a generator to charge the battery when a hybrid vehicle is restarted after an idling stop released.

• First approach:

• Second approach:

• Findings:

• JP10295045 (1997):- Battery management system, received 21 forward citations from all big names in a span of 5 years and self- cited twice the same technology indicating strong technology strength and building on its own technology.

• Patent and non-patent information indicate that Nissan has focused much on circuit arrangements for charging or depolarizing batteries or for supplying loads from batteries (H02J 7/00).

• Jointly worked with Sony corp. (1998) developing high power density Li-ion battery for parallel HEV.

• Proposed a novel charge/discharge control system based on car navigation information.

Like this report?

This is only a sample report with brief analysis
Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs

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