Phospholipids and Sphingolipids of Milk
Contents
Objective
To create a technology landscape report on Phospholipids and Sphingolipids of Milk<
- Identify market players with prolific IP activity in the technology area
- Segment the players by the industry they belong to
Note: This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the paid report contains.
Click here for information to purchase the report
Background
Introduction
Error code: 134
MFGM: Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a protein-lipid biopolymer that originates from the apical surface of mammary epithelial cells and surrounds fat globules in milk. While MFGM is in all dairy products containing milk fat, it is especially enriched in churn buttermilk, a co-product of butter production. The phospholipids and membrane glycoproteins found in MFGM likely interact extensively with the gut epithelia during digestion, both physically and biochemically. Moreover, MFGM has a relatively high concentration of sphingolipids, which in purified form have been demonstrated to be protective against colon cancer.Hintze et al
Phospholipids and sphingolipids fall under the category of polar lipids. The polar lipid content of raw milk is reported to range between 9.4 and 35.5 mg per 100 g of milk Rombaut and Dewettinck. The major phospholipid fractions are phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) and phosphatidylcholine(PC) followed by smaller amounts of Phosphatidylserine(PS) and phosphatidylinositol(PI). The major sphingolipid fraction is sphingomyelin with smaller portions of ceramides and gangliosides. These polar lipids are mainly(~60%) located in the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM),rest are located in skim milk phase.Lars Wiking
The phospholipids and sphingolipids in milk are gaining interest due to their nutritional and technological qualities. Sphingolipids and their derivatives are highly bioactive compounds with anti-cancer, bacteriostatic and cholesterol-lowering properties.Rombaut and Dewettinck
| Nutritional Aspects/ Biological Effects of Some Polar Lipids of MFGM | ||||
| MFGM Component | Sphingolipids and Metabolites | Phosphatidylserine (PS) | Phosphatidylcholine (PC) | Lyso-Phosphatidylcholine (lyso PC) |
| Nutritonal Aspects/ Biological Effects | 1) Reduction in the number of aberrant crypt foci(clusters of abnormal tube-like glands in the lining of the colon and rectum) and adenocarcinomas(Epithelium Cancer). | 1) Restore normal memory on a variety of tasks. | 1) Reduction of necrotising enterocolitis | 1) Bacteriostatic and bactericidal capacity |
| 2) Shift in tumor type (malignant → benign) | 2) Positive effects on alzheimer patients. | 2) Support liver recovery from toxic chemical attack or viral damage | ||
| 3) Anti-cholesterolemic. | 3) Improve exercise capacity of exercising humans | 3) Protects the human GI mucosa against toxic attack | ||
| 4) Protection of the liver from fat- and cholesterol-induced steatosis(abnormal retention of lipids within a cell). | ||||
| 5) Suppression of gastrointestinal pathogens. | ||||
| 6) Neonatal gut maturation. | ||||
| 7) Myelination of the developing central nervous system. | ||||
| 8) Associated with age-related diseases and the development of Alzheimer. | Mohamed Mansour El-Loly | |||
Phospholipids
Phospholipids are fat derivatives in which one fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group (PO4-) and one of several nitrogen-containing molecules. These play a major role in milk due to their amphiphilic properties, i.e. they contain both hydrophobic tail(hydrocarbon chain) and hydrophilic head regions. Phospholipids represent a major portion of total lipids of buttermilk and skim milk, reflecting presence of proportionately larger amounts of membrane materials in these products Fox and McSweeney(Pg 71). MGFM phospholipids contain high levels of palmitic and oleic acid, while the short and medium-chain fatty acids are present in very low levels. Lars Wiking
Dairy phospholipids are important structurally, because they are able to:
- stabilize emulsions and foams,
- form micelles and membranes.
Phospholipids also have the potential to be pro-oxidants, because they contain mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids and have the ability to attract metal ions. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine binds copper strongly and is believed to be important in copper induced oxidation in milk Fox and McSweeney(Pg 580). The polyunsaturated fatty acids and metal ions accelerate lipid oxidation, especially when heat is applied; hence, phospholipids can be degraded during the processing of milk. Fox and McSweeney(Pg 20)
Sphingolipids
Sphingolipids are composed of a ceramide core, which in turn, is composed of a sphingosine(12-22 C-atoms) backbone with a fatty acid covalently bonded via an amide linkage. Several different head groups may be covalently attached to the ceramide, each resulting in a different class of sphingolipid. Examples include sphingomyelin, with a phosphocholine headgroup, glycosphingolipids with one or more monosaccharides in the headgroup and gangliosides, which have at least three sugars in head group including at least one sialic acid. Like phospholipids, sphingolipids are also amphiphilic in nature. Hintze et al
Sphingolipids and their derivatives are highly bioactive compounds with anti-cancer, bacteriostatic and cholesterol-lowering properties. Rombaut and Dewettinck
One significant source of dietary sphingolipids is the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) Hintze et al. Milk contains (per L) 39–119 mg of sphingomyelin, 6–11 mg of glucosylceramide, 6.5–15 mg of lactosylceramide and ~11 mg of gangliosides. Rombaut and Dewettinck
Concept Table
| Concept 1 | Concept 2 | Concept 3 | Concept 4 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polar Lipid | Milk Fat *********** | Dairy | |
| Phospholipid | Sphingolipid | Milk Fat Globule Membrane | Milk |
| Phospha***** | ****** | ***** | **** |
| ********* | ***** | ******* | *** |
- An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.
- Concept Table was enriched by searches related to phospholipids and sphingolipisd of milk from relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri
Relevant Class Code Definitions
IPC/ECLA
| IPC/ ECLA | DEFINITION |
| A23C | DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER, CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF. |
| A23C9/00 | Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations |
| **** | **** |
US Class
| US Class Code | DEFINITION |
| 426 | FOOD OR EDIBLE MATERIAL: PROCESSES, COMPOSITIONS, AND PRODUCTS. |
| 426/34 | Of milk or milk product: Processes wherein the substrate fermented is milk or a lacteal derived source. |
| ***** | ********** |
| US Class Code | DEFINITION |
| 514 | DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS. |
| 514***** | ********** |
F-Terms
| F-Theme | Definition | View Point | Definition | F-Term | Definition |
| 4B018 | COLORING FOODS AND IMPROVING NUTRITIVE QUALITIES | LB | APPLICABLE FOOD | LB07 | Dairy Product |
| MD | NUTRITION MODIFYING SUBSTANCES AND FUNGI | MD71 | Milk | ||
| ***** | ****** | **** | **** | ****** | ****** |
| F-Theme | Definition | View Point | Definition | F-Term | Definition |
| 4C083 | COSMETICS | AD | ORGANIC INGREDIENTS CHARACTERIZED BY STRUCTURES | AD57 | Phospholipids (Lecithins or the like) |
| ***** | ****** | **** | **** | ****** | ****** |
- An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.
Search Strategy
Search Engine: Thomson Innovation
Timeline: 01/01/1991 - 08/26/2011 (mm/dd/yyyy)
Search Strategy Using English Keywords
Database Covered: US Grant, GB App, US App, FR App, WO App, DE Util, EP Grant, DE Grant, EP App, DE App, JP Util, JP Grant, JP App, CN Util, CN App, KR Util , KR Grant, KR App, Other, DWPI
| English Keywords | |||||
| S.NO | Scope | Concept | Strategy | INPADOC | Total Hits |
| 1 | Title, Abstract Claims | Phospholipid OR Sphingolipid Keywords | (Polar ADJ1 Lipid*1) OR ******* | ### | ##### |
| 2 | Full Text | Milk Keywords | Milk OR Dairy OR ******** | ### | ##### |
| 3 | Title, Abstract Claims | Phospholipid Keywords | (Polar ADJ1 Lipid*1) OR ********** | ### | ##### |
| 4 | Title, Abstract Claims | Sphingolipid Keywords | (Polar ADJ1 Lipid*1) OR ******* | ### | ##### |
| 5 | IPC OR ECLA OR US | Milk Classes | A23C000900 OR A23C0001** OR ******* | ### | ##### |
| 6 | IPC OR ECLA OR US | Phospho and Sphingolipid classes | A23J000700 OR A61***** | ### | ##### |
| 7 | Combination Queries | All Keywords | 1 AND ** | ### | ##### |
| 8 | Combination Queries | Phospholipid Kws AND Milk Classes | 3 AND ** | ### | ##### |
| 9 | Combination Queries | Sphingolipid Kws AND Milk Classes | ** AND 5 | ### | #### |
| 10 | Combination Queries | Milk KWs AND Phospho and Sphingolipid Classes | 2 AND ** | ### | ##### |
| 11 | Combination Queries | Final Query | 7 OR ** OR ** | ### | ##### (No Relevant Hits) |
Search Strategy Using French Keywords
Database Covered: FR App, WO App, EP Grant, EP App, DWPI
| French Keywords | |||||
| S.NO | Scope | Concept | Strategy | INPADOC | Total Hits |
| 1 | Title, Abstract Claims | Phospholipid Keywords | Phospholipid*1 OR ******** | ### | ##### |
| 2 | Title, Abstract Claims | Sphingolipid Keywords | Sphingolipides*1 OR ******* | ### | ##### |
| 3 | Full Text | Milk Keywords | (Membrane*1 *****) | ### | ##### |
| 4 | IPC OR ECLA | Milk Classes | A23C000900 OR A23C00******** | ### | ##### |
| 5 | IPC OR ECLA | Phospho and Sphingolipid classes | A23J00700 OR A6******* | ### | ##### |
| 6 | Combination Queries | Phospholipid Kws AND Milk IPC/ ECLA | 1 AND ** | ## | #### |
| 7 | Combination Queries | Sphingolipid Kws AND Milk IPC/ ECLA | ** AND 4 | ## | ### |
| 8 | Combination Queries | Milk KWs AND Phospho and Sphingolipid IPC/ ECLA | ** AND 5 | ## | ### |
| 9 | Combination Queries | Final Query | ** OR 7 OR 8** | ## | #### (No Relevant Hits) |
Search Strategy Using German Keywords
Database Covered: WO App, DE Util, EP Grant, DE Grant, EP App, DE App, DWPI
| German Keywords | |||||
| S.NO | Scope | Concept | Strategy | INPADOC | Total Hits |
| 1 | Title, Abstract Claims | Phospholipid Keywords | Phospholipid*1 OR ******* | ### | ##### |
| 2 | Title, Abstract Claims | Sphingolipid Keywords | Sphingolipid*1 OR ****** | ## | ### |
| 3 | Full Text | Milk Keywords | (((Milch ADJ2 *******) | ### | ##### |
| 4 | IPC OR ECLA | Milk Classes | A23C000900 OR A23******** | ### | ##### |
| 5 | IPC OR ECLA | Phospho and Sphingolipid classes | A23J00700 OR ****** | ### | #### |
| 6 | Combination Queries | Phospholipid Kws AND Milk IPC/ ECLA | ** AND 4 | ## | #### |
| 7 | Combination Queries | Sphingolipid Kws AND Milk IPC/ ECLA | 2 AND ** | ## | ## |
| 8 | Combination Queries | Milk KWs AND Phospho and Sphingolipid IPC/ ECLA | 3 AND ** | ## | ## |
| 9 | Combination Queries | Final Query | ** or ** or 8 | ### | #### (No Relevant Hits) |
Search Strategy Using F-Terms
Database Covered: JP Util, JP Grant, JP App, DWPI
| F-Term Search | |||||
| S.NO | Scope | Concept | Strategy | INPADOC | Total Hits |
| 1 | Title, Abstract Claims | Phospholipid Keywords | ((Polar ADJ1 Lipid*1) OR **********) | ### | ##### |
| 2 | Title, Abstract Claims | Sphingolipid Keywords | ((Polar ADJ1 Lipid*1) OR **********) | ### | ### |
| 3 | Full Text | Milk Keywords | (Milk ADJ1 Fat ADJ Globule *******) | ### | ##### |
| 4 | F-terms | Milk F-Terms | 4B001AC06 OR 4B0******* | ### | #### |
| 5 | F-terms | Phospho and Sphingolipid F-Terms | 4C086DA41 OR 4C********* | ## | ### |
| 6 | Combination Queries | Phospholipid Kws AND Milk F-terms | 1 AND ** | ## | ### |
| 7 | Combination Queries | Sphingolipid Kws AND Milk F-terms | 2 AND ** | # | ## |
| 8 | Combination Queries | Milk KWs AND Phospho and Sphingolipid F-terms | 3 AND ** | ### | #### |
| 9 | Combination Queries | Final Query | 6 or ** or ** | ### | #### (No Relevant Hits) |
Final Query
| S.NO | Scope | Strategy | INPADOC | Total Hits |
| 1 | Final Query | English OR French OR German OR F-Term(Japanese) | ### | #### (No Relevant Hits) (#.#% Relevancy) |
Taxonomy
Relevant Patents (Sample Set)
| S.No. | Patent No. | Publication date | Asignee/ Applicant | Title | Dolcera Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | WO2011069987A1 | 6/16/2011 | NESTEC S.A. | Infant Formula With Probiotics And Milk Fat Globule Membrane Components | Formulation of infant feed (or nutritional product for patients in need) including probiotics and MFGM components along with other nutrient ingredients for improvising immune system and gut comfort. The MFGM components are recovered by ultrafiltration or microfiltration recovered buttermilk, or from whey protein concentrate, sweet whey, acid whey, whey cream, etc. |
| 2 | EP2308324A1 | 4/13/2011 | Arla Foods amba | Phosphatidylserine Enriched Milk Fractions For The Formulation Of Functional Foods | Extraction of Phophatidylserine from natural source i.e. bovine buttermilk, butter oil serum, etc., following steps of centrifugation of cream, homogenizing to break resulting emuslion, collection of serum phase, and separation of fat by ultrafiltration including dialfiltration and finally spray drying. This composition can be used as nutraceutical composition in foods. |
Sample Analysis
Click here for Sample__Patent_Analysis_Sheet
Assignee Analysis and IP Activity
- Labels for all the charts below are available in the paid report.
Top Assignees
- The following graphs explain the placement of the different assignees in this technology area.
- Top players in field Infant Feed Formulations, Products(other then Infant Formulations) Formulations and Extraction.
Assignee Categorization
- The assignees have been categorized into following areas:
- Pharmaceutical Companies
- Food Processing Companies
- Dairy Industries
- Cosmetic Companies
- Nutraceutical Companies
- Chemical Suppliers
- Universities/ Research Institutes
- Other Technology Partners
Geographical Distribution
- The following graphs explain the geographical distribution of patents.
- The following graph explain the geographical distribution of assignees.
IP Activity
- The following graphs explain the IP activity based on Priority year and Publication Year
Patent-Product Mapping
| S.No | Patent no. | Title | Assignee | Products | Product Description |
| 1 | US20110182943A1 | METHODS OF IMMUNE OR HEMATOLOGICAL ENHANCEMENT, INHIBITING TUMOUR FORMATION OR GROWTH, AND TREATING OR PREVENTING CANCER, CANCER SYMPTOMS, OR THE SYMPTOMS OF CANCER TREATMENTS | FONTERRA COOP GROUP LTD | Phospholac 600 T.M. | 
|
| 2 | US20090123630A1 | PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE ENRICHED MILK FRACTIONS FOR THE FORMULATION OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS | ARLA FOODS AMBA | LACPRODAN PL-20 | 
|
Scientific Articles
Search Strategy
- Database : Scirus
- Timeline : 1991 - 2011
- Subject Areas : Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Engineering, Energy and Technology; Life Sciences; Medicine and Pharmacology.
- Information Types : Abstracts, Articles, Articles in Press, Books, Conferences and Reviews.
| S.No | Scope | Concept | Strategy | Total Hits |
| 1 | Complete Document | (Phospholipids OR Sphingolipids) Keywords | ("Polar Lipid*" OR Phospholipid* OR ************** Sphingolipid* OR ************) | #### (No Relevant Articles) |
| AND | ||||
| Keyword(s) | Milk Keywords | ("Milk Fat Globule Membrane*" ******** OR Milk* OR *********) |
Relevant Scientific Articles
- Click here to download relevant Scientific Articles Sheet
- The following graphs explain the placement of different Research Institutes and Universities in this technological area.
- Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.
Dolcera Dashboard
Assignees were categorized based on the type of their Major Business Domians viz. food processing companies, cosmetic companies, pharma companies, nutraceutical companies, chemical suppliers, research and educational institutions, other technological partners, etc. and their patents have been shown in the Dolcera Interactive Dashboard.
- A data preview of the dashboard is shown below:
- A chart preview of the dashboard is shown below:
Purchase Information
Contact information for purchasing this report:
- Email: info@dolcera.com
- Phone: +1-650-269-7952,+91-40-2355-3493
