BIOSIS / 1998:497819

AN

    1998:497819  BIOSIS

DN

    PREV199800497819

TI

    Neuro-humoral regulation of lipolysis: Physiological and pathological
    aspects. 

AU

    Lafontan, Max [Reprint author]; Langin, Dominique

CS

    Inserm U. 317, Inst. Louis-Bugnard, Univ. Paul-Sabatier, CHU Rangueil,
    Batiment L3, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France

SO

    M-S (Medecine Sciences), (Aug.-Sept., 1998) Vol. 14, No. 8-9, pp. 865-876.
    print. 
    ISSN: 0767-0974. 

DT

    Article
    General Review; (Literature Review)

LA

    French

ED

    Entered STN: 18 Nov 1998
    Last Updated on STN: 18 Nov 1998

AB

    Lipolysis in white fat cells plays a central role in the regulation of
    energy balance.  Triacylglycerols (TAG) stored in the adipocytes are
    hydrolysed consecutively to hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
    activation during the stimulation of lipolysis.  HSL catalyses the
    hydrolysis of TAG to diacylglycerol and then to monoacylglycerol.  The
    hydrolysis of the monoacylglycerol-fatty acid bond is assured by a
    monoacylglycerol lipase.  HSL is phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent
    protein kinase.  Genomic organization and functional domains of rodent and
    human hormone-sensitive lipase have recently been studied.  Acute
    regulation of HSL by catecholamines and insulin is well documented.
    Non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol released by adipose tissue are
    taken up by other tissues where they are metabolized.  The local blood
    flow in adipose tissue modulates the mobilization and the re-utilization
    of fatty acids.  Local blood flow and lipolysis are regulated by hormonal
    factors and influenced by a number of physiological factors such as diets,
    exercise, aging and sex.  Insulin and catecholamines are the major
    hormonal regulators of lipolysis.  Their control of lipolysis is subjected
    to variations according to the anatomical localization of adipose tissue
    deposits.  In human, lipolysis differs in visceral and subcutaneous
    deposits.  Insulin exerts its antilipolytic action through the stimulation
    of adipocyte phosphodiesterase 3B.  Four adrenoceptor subtypes are
    involved in the adrenergic regulation of white and brown fat cell
    lipolysis.  The control of adenylyl cyclase activity involves stimulatory
    beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptors and inhibitory
    alpha2-adrenoceptors.  Many clinical disorders are accompanied by
    alteration in adipocyte lipolysis.  Alteration of hormone-sensitive
    lipase activity and of catecholamine-induced lipolysis have been
    reported in obesity, familial combined hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance
    syndrome and diabetes.  Changes in beta- and alpha2-adrenoceptor ratios
    and function as well as impairment of HSL function have been proposed to
    explain the lipolytic disturbances.

CC

    Metabolism - General metabolism and metabolic pathways   13002
    Nervous system - General and methods   20501

IT

    Major Concepts
       Metabolism

IT

    Parts, Structures, & Systems of Organisms
       adipocyte, lipolytic disorders

IT

    Diseases
       obesity: nutritional disease
       Obesity (MeSH)

IT

    Chemicals & Biochemicals
       hormone-sensitive lipase; triacylglycerols: hydrolysis

IT Miscellaneous Descriptors

       clinical applications; lipolysis: neurohumoral regulation;
       pathophysiology; physiology

ORGN

    Classifier
       Hominidae   86215
    Super Taxa
       Primates; Mammalia; Vertebrata; Chordata; Animalia
    Organism Name
       human: patient
    Taxa Notes
       Animals, Chordates, Humans, Mammals, Primates, Vertebrates

ORGN

    Classifier
       Rodentia   86265
    Super Taxa
       Mammalia; Vertebrata; Chordata; Animalia
    Organism Name
       rodent: animal model
    Taxa Notes
       Animals, Chordates, Mammals, Nonhuman Vertebrates, Nonhuman Mammals,
       Rodents, Vertebrates

RN

    9001-62-1 (LIPASE)