17,481 bytes added,
10:20, 7 May 2010 ==Objective==
[[Image:ag ab.jpg|right|thumb|300 px|'''Anitgen-Antibody binding [http://www.biojobblog.com/uploads/image/captured.jpg Source]''']]
# Client is interested in finding out about the existence and status of pending patent applications and patents filed in Russia (either directly at the Russian patent office or via the Eurasian Patent Office) that are directed at anti-TNFalpha antibodies, including antibodies such as infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira), certolizumab pegol (Cimzia), and golimumab (Simponi), and their uses.
Additional information about the key players in Europa and Asia in this field appear to be:
* Centocor (Johnson & Johnson) in the US
* Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma in Japan
* Xian Janssen in China
* Schering-Plough for Remicade and Simponi
* Abbott (formerly BASF Knoll)
* Cambridge Antibody Technology (now part of Medimmune) for Humira;
* UCB Pharma SA for Cimzia
* Centocor (Johnson & Johnson)
==Background==
===Tumor necrosis factor===
Tumor necrosis factor is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction. The primary role of TNF is in the regulation of immune cells. TNF is also able to induce apoptotic cell death, to induce inflammation, and to inhibit tumorigenesis and viral replication. Dysregulation of TNF production has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, as well as cancer '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_necrosis_factor-alpha Soruce]''' TNF is critically involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases. Monoclonal antibodies against TNF are currently used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. '''[http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v17/n7/abs/nbt0799_666.html Dalum et al., 1999]'''
===Anti-TNF antibody===
Monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble receptor complexes comprising the extramembrane portion of the TNF receptor coupled with the Fc portion of the human IgG1 molecule have been utilized as therapies for severe sepsis and septic shock. '''[http://www.springerlink.com/content/j45704775h851031/ Abraham, 2004]''' A review about TNF-α, based on 78 published articles, using TNF-α antibody is''' [http://www.labome.com/review/gene/7124/TNF-%CE%B1/antibody/all%20methods summarized here]'''
Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays an important role in host defense and tumor growth control. Therefore, anti-TNF antibody therapies may increase the risk of serious infections and malignancies. To assess the extent to which anti-TNF antibody therapies may increase the risk of serious infections and malignancies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis a study has been conducted by '''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16705109 Bongartz et al., 2006]'''
==Search strategy==
'''To capture the Russian patents a 3 way search strategy was built:'''
* Micropatent full text searches on English patents and then taking out Russian family members from the on target English patents
* Searching patents with keywords and class codes having country code RU (Russia) and EA (Eurasia) in Micropatent INPADOC
* Searching for patents in Eurasian patent office and Russian patent office, individually, with class codes and keywords
===Micropatent full text search===
'''Search logic:''' To first search for all English patents (such as US, WO, EP etc.) with keywords given below and then filter out patents which have Russian family members.
* Database: Micropatent-Full text
Issue/Publication date: <=20100405
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="75%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords based search
|align = "center"| ((Antibod<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (Anti ADJ1 bod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR Immunoglobulin<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (Immuno ADJ1 globulin<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR MAB OR MABS OR Infliximab OR Remicade OR adalimumab OR Humira OR certolizumab OR pegol OR Cimzia OR golimumab OR Simponi) AND (((Tumour OR Tumor) ADJ2 (necros<nowiki>*</nowiki>2) ADJ2 (factor<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>TNF OR TNF<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR cachexin OR cachectin))
|align = "center"|9861 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Key assignee with TNF keywords
|align = "center"|'''Assignee/Applicant:''' Centocor OR (Johnson ADJ2 Johnson) OR (Mitsubishi ADJ 1Tanabe ADJ1 Pharma<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Xian ADJ1 Janssen) OR (Schering-Plough) OR Abbott OR (BASF ADJ 1Knoll) OR (Cambridge ADJ1 Antibody ADJ1 Technology) OR Medimmune OR (UCB ADJ1 Pharma) <br>'''AND<br>Keywords in Claims, Tittle and Abstract: '''TNF<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (Tumour ADJ2 Necrosis ADJ2 factor<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>TNF OR (Tumor ADJ2 Necrosis ADJ2 factor<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center"|517 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
|align = "center"|Key assignee with drug names
|align = "center"|'''Assignee/Applicant:''' Centocor OR (Johnson ADJ2 Johnson) OR (Mitsubishi ADJ 1Tanabe ADJ1 Pharma<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Xian ADJ1 Janssen) OR (Schering-Plough) OR Abbott OR (BASF ADJ 1Knoll) OR (Cambridge ADJ1 Antibody ADJ1 Technology) OR Medimmune OR (UCB ADJ1 Pharma) <br>'''AND<br>Keywords in Claims, Tittle and Abstract: Simponi OR Remicade OR Humira OR Cimzia'''
|align = "center"|10
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Class based search
|align = "center"|'''ECLA:''' C07K0014525 OR C07K0014705Q OR C07K0014705R OR C07K0014715B OR C07K001628Q OR C07K001628R OR C07K01624B OR A61K003819A<br>'''Any classification:''' C070014525 OR C12N001528
|align = "center"|293 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Final'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4'''
|align = "center"|'''10190 patents<br>(3772 unique records)<br>(337 records having RU/EA family member)'''
|-
|}
===Micropatent INPADOC search===
'''Search logic:''' Micropatent-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. A search strategy based out of keywords and classes was built to search patents having country code RU (Russia) and EA (Eurasia) in Micropatent INPADOC
* Issue/Publication date: <=20100405
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="80%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords based search
|align = "center"| ((Antibod<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (Anti ADJ1 bod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR Immunoglobulin<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (Immuno ADJ1 globulin<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR MAB OR MABS OR Infliximab OR Remicade OR adalimumab OR Humira OR certolizumab OR pegol OR Cimzia OR golimumab OR Simponi) AND (((Tumour OR Tumor) ADJ2 (necros<nowiki>*</nowiki>2) ADJ2 (factor<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>TNF OR TNF<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR cachexin OR cachectin))
|align = "center"|48 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|ECLA classes specific for Anti-TNF antibody
|align = "center"|C07K01628Q OR C07501628R OR C07K01624B
|align = "center"|51 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
|align = "center"|ECLA classes specific for TNF with Antibody keywords
|align = "center"|A61k03819A OR C07K014525 OR C07K014705Q OR C07K014705R OR C07K014715B AND ((Antibod<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (Anti ADJ1 bod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR Immunoglobulin<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (Immuno ADJ1 globulin<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR MAB OR MABS) OR Infliximab OR Remicade OR adalimumab OR Humira OR certolizumab OR pegol OR Cimzia OR golimumab OR Simponi)
|align = "center"|28 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|IPC classes specific for TNF with Antibody keywords
|align = "center"|C07014525 OR C12N01528 AND ((Antibod<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (Anti ADJ1 bod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR Immunoglobulin<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (Immuno ADJ1 globulin<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR MAB OR MABS) OR Infliximab OR Remicade OR adalimumab OR Humira OR certolizumab OR pegol OR Cimzia OR golimumab OR Simponi)
|align = "center"|5 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''5'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4'''
|align = "center"|'''100 Hits<br>(87 unique records)'''
|-
|}
===Eurasian patent office search===
'''Search Logic:''' [http://ea.espacenet.com/search97cgi/s97_cgi.exe?Action=FormGen&Template=ea/en/advanced.hts Eurasian patent office] allows searching in Russian and Eurasian patent databases. Search was performed based on keywords and class codes as shown below.
====EA@ Eurasian patent office====
* All the records were analyzed
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="50%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords based search
|align = "center"|(Tumor<nowiki>*</nowiki> AND Factor<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR TNF<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center"|11
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Specific class based search
|align = "center"|IPC: C07K14/525 OR C12N15/28
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
|align = "center"|Broad class based search
|align = "center"|IPC: A61K38/19 OR C07K14/705 OR C07K14/715 OR C07K16/28 OR C07K16/24
|align = "center"|34
|-
|}
====RU@ Eurasian patent office====
* All the records were analyzed
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="50%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords based search
|align = "center"|(Tumor<nowiki>*</nowiki> AND Factor<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR TNF<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center"|52
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Specific class based search
|align = "center"|IPC: C07K14/525 OR C12N15/28
|align = "center"|11
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
|align = "center"|Broad class based search
|align = "center"|IPC: A61K38/19 OR C07K14/705 OR C07K14/715 OR C07K16/28 OR C07K16/24
|align = "center"|174
|-
|}
====Russian Keyword Search====
* Russian technical keywords were searched & identified from the relevant Russian patent document and confirmed with the corresponding English patent document and verified with the google translator.
* [http://ea.espacenet.com/search97cgi/s97_cgi.exe?Action=FormGen&Template=ea/ru/advanced.hts Eurasian Patent Office] allows to search both in the English language and Russian language.
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="50%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Russian Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''English Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|ФНО
|align = "center"|TNF
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|ФНО-alpha
|align = "center"|TNF-alpha
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
|align = "center"|фактор некроза опухоли
|align = "center"|tumor necrosis factor
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|анти-TNF альфа
|align = "center"|anti-TNF alpha
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|анти-TNF
|align = "center"|anti-TNF
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''6'''
|align = "center"|TNF альфа
|align = "center"|TNF alpha
|-
|}
==Class codes==
===ECLA class codes===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class code'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Definition'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|A61k03819A
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Tumor necrosis factor
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|C07K014525
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
|align = "center"|C07K014705Q
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - NGF/TNF-superfamily, e.g. CD70, CD95L, CD153, CD154 (NGF C07K14/48 , TNF C07K14/525)<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>[</nowiki>N9706<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|C07K014705R
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - NGF-receptor/TNF-receptor superfamily, e.g. CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|C07K014715B
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), for lymphotoxin
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''6'''
|align = "center"|C07K01628Q
|align = "center"|Immunoglobulins <nowiki>[</nowiki>IGs<nowiki>]</nowiki>, e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies - against the NGF/TNF superfamily, e.g. CD70, CD95L, CD153, CD154 (against NGF C07K16/22 , against TNF C07K16/24B)<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>[</nowiki>N9703<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>[</nowiki>C9705<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''7'''
|align = "center"|C07501628R
|align = "center"|Immunoglobulins <nowiki>[</nowiki>IGs<nowiki>]</nowiki>, e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies - against the NGF-receptor/TNF-receptor superfamily, e.g. CD27, CD30, CD40, CD95<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>[</nowiki>N9702<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>[</nowiki>C0406<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|C07K01624B
|align = "center"|Immunoglobulins <nowiki>[</nowiki>IGs<nowiki>]</nowiki>, e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies - Tumor Necrosis Factors
|-
|}
===IPC class codes===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class code'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Definition'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
|align = "center"| C07K14/525
|align = "center"| <br>Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|C12N15/28
|align = "center"| <br>Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor - Tumor necrosis factors
|-
|}
==Patent Search Results==
* [[Media:Russian patents2.xls| '''Click here''']] to download '''updated''' relevant patents with legal status, filtering option and hyperlinking.
NOTE: Legal status of the Russian patent applications and publications was retrieved from ROSPATENTS wherever available. Legal Status can also be retrieved from STN - INPADOCDB & RUSSIAPAT databases.
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" "center" align = "center" width="53%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "2"|Legal Status coverage -Timeline
|-
|align = "center"|STN- INPADOCDB
|align = "center"|1978 to Present
|-
|align = "center"|STN- RUSSIAPAT
|align = "center"|1994 to Present
|-
|align = "center"|Micropat- INPADOC
|align = "center"|1920 to Present
|-
|}
* '''STN databases price list'''
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="53%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Database'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Connect hour'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Display Record'''
|-
|align = "center"|STN- INPADOCDB
|align = "center"|232 $ per Hour
|align = "center"|1.24 $ per Record
|-
|align = "center"|STN- RUSSIAPAT
|align = "center"|186 $ per Hour
|align = "center"|2.28 $ per Record
|-
|}
*''' Legal status display format in the STN - INPADOCDB, RUSSIAPAT databases'''
[[Image:legal stn.jpg |thumb|center|650 px| Legal status display format]]
[[Image:legal stn.jpg |thumb|center|650 px| Legal status display format]]
==Important charts==
===Filling year vs number of patents===
[[Image:filling year_tnf.jpg |thumb|center|650 px| Filling year vs number of patents]]
===Publication year vs number of patents===
[[Image:publication year_tnf.jpg |thumb|center|650 px| Publication year vs number of patents]]
===Calculated expiry year vs number of patents===
[[Image:expiry year_tnf.jpg |thumb|center|650 px| Calculated expiry year vs number of patents]]
===Assignees vs number of patents===
[[Image:Assignees_tnf.jpg |thumb|center|650 px| Assignees vs number of patents]]
===Summary chart===
[[Image:summary_tnf.jpg |thumb|center|650 px| Summary chart]]