Difference between revisions of "Smart miniature drug delivery systems"

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[[Image:micropump.jpg|thumb|right|280px| Micropump [http://www.ophthalmotronics.com/index-1.html Source]]]
 +
<br>
 
*Although any kind of small pump is often referred to as micropump, a more accurate and up-to-date definition restricts this term to pumps with functional dimensions in the micrometre range. Such pumps are of special interest in microfluidic research, and have become available for industrial product integration in recent years. Their miniaturized overall size, potential cost and improved dosing accuracy compared to existing miniature pumps fuel the growing interest for this innovative kind of pump.
 
*Although any kind of small pump is often referred to as micropump, a more accurate and up-to-date definition restricts this term to pumps with functional dimensions in the micrometre range. Such pumps are of special interest in microfluidic research, and have become available for industrial product integration in recent years. Their miniaturized overall size, potential cost and improved dosing accuracy compared to existing miniature pumps fuel the growing interest for this innovative kind of pump.
−
*Micropumps can be grouped into mechanical and non-mechanical devices: Mechanical systems contain moving parts, which are usually actuation and valve membranes or flaps. The driving force can be generated by utilizing piezoelectric, electrostatic, thermo-pneumatic, pneumatic or magnetic effects. Non-mechanical pumps function with electro-hydrodynamic, electro-osmotic or ultrasonic flow generation.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropump Source]
+
*Micropumps can be grouped into mechanical and non-mechanical devices: Mechanical systems contain moving parts, which are usually actuation and valve membranes or flaps. The driving force can be generated by utilizing piezoelectric, electrostatic, thermo-pneumatic, pneumatic or magnetic effects. Non-mechanical pumps function with electro-hydrodynamic, electro-osmotic or ultrasonic flow generation.
−
[[Image:micropump.jpg|thumb|center|300px| Micropump [http://www.ophthalmotronics.com/index-1.html Source]]]
+
 
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[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropump Source]
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<br><br>
  
 
==='''Microneedles'''===
 
==='''Microneedles'''===
  
 
----
 
----
 +
[[Image:microneedle.jpg|right|Thumb|300px| Microneedles for drug delivery[http://www.scf-online.com/english/37_e/skinpenetration37_e.htm Source]]]
 +
<br>
 
*Microneedles were first developed as a method for transdermal drug delivery . The microneedles
 
*Microneedles were first developed as a method for transdermal drug delivery . The microneedles
 
are long enough to penetrate the stratum corneum, which often acts as the primary barrier
 
are long enough to penetrate the stratum corneum, which often acts as the primary barrier
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potentially offering a painless method for drug delivery.
 
potentially offering a painless method for drug delivery.
 
*The microneedles can be divided into "In-Plane" and "Out of plane" microneedle based o fabrication methods and as "Hollow" and "Solid" Microneedles based on their physical aspects.
 
*The microneedles can be divided into "In-Plane" and "Out of plane" microneedle based o fabrication methods and as "Hollow" and "Solid" Microneedles based on their physical aspects.
−
[[Image:microneedle.jpg|center|Thumb|300px| Microneedles for drug delivery[http://www.scf-online.com/english/37_e/skinpenetration37_e.htm Source]]]
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==Search concepts==
 
==Search concepts==
 
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''Sr. No'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''Concept 1'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 1'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''Concept 2'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 2'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''Concept 3'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 3'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''Concept 4'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 4'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''Concept 5'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 5'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''Concept 6'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 6'''</font>
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|-
 
|-
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''1'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Mems'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#33CCCC"|'''MEMS'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Nems'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#33CCCC"|'''NEMS'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Drug'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#33CCCC"|'''DRUG'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Sensor'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#33CCCC"|'''SENSOR'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Communication'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#33CCCC"|'''COMMUNICATION'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Delivery'''
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#33CCCC"|'''DELIVERY'''
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|-
 
|-
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''2'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1
−
|align = "center"|Microelectromechanical Systems
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Microelectromechanical Systems
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|align = "center"|Nanoelectromechanical systems
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nanoelectromechanical Systems
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|align = "center"|Medicament
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Medicament
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|align = "center"|Biosensor
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biosensor
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|align = "center"|Bioinformation technology
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Bioinformation technology
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|align = "center"|Inject*4  
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Inject<nowiki>*</nowiki>4
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''3'''</font>
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|align = "center"|2
−
|align = "center"|Microsystem Technology
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|Microsystem Technology
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|align = "center"|BioNems
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|BioNems
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|align = "center"|Pharmaceutic*2
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|Pharmaceutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>2
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|align = "center"|Smartsensor
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|Smartsensor
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|align = "center"|Telemetry
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|Telemetry
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|align = "center"|Perfus*3
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|Perfus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''4'''</font>
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3
−
|align = "center"|BioMems
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|BioMems
−
|align = "center"|Nanoneedle
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nanopump
−
|align = "center"|Medic*5
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Medic<nowiki>*</nowiki>5
−
|align = "center"|Microsensor
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Microsensor
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
−
|align = "center"|Infus*3
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Infus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''5'''</font>
+
|align = "center"|4
−
|align = "center"|Micropump
+
|Micropump
−
|align = "center"|Nanopump
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|Nanopump
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|  
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|  
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|  
−
|align = "center"|Diffus*3  
+
|Diffus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''6'''</font>
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5
−
|align = "center"|Microneedle
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Microneedle
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
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|align = "center"|&nbsp;
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
−
|align = "center"|Releas*
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Releas<nowiki>*</nowiki>
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''7'''</font>
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|align = "center"|6
−
|align = "center"|Mems Drugpump
+
|Mems Drugpump
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|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|  
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|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|  
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|align = "center"|&nbsp;
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|  
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|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|  
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|  
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''8'''</font>
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7
−
|align = "center"|Microosmotic pump
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lab micro chip
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
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|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''9'''</font>
+
|align = "center"|8
−
|align = "center"|Lab on a chip
+
|Microosmotic pump
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
+
|
−
 
+
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9
 +
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lab on a chip
 +
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
 +
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
 +
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
 +
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
 +
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#808080"|<font color="#FFFF00">'''10'''</font>
 
−
|align = "center"|Lab micro chip
 
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
 
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
 
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
 
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
 
−
|align = "center"|&nbsp;
 
−
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
  
 
----
 
----
−
 
  
 
==Search strategy==
 
==Search strategy==
 
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "6"|<font size = "4">Micropat</font>
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font>
−
 
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept'''</font>
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Search Query'''</font>
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Scope'''</font>
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Year'''</font>
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Hits'''</font>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''Sr. No'''</font>
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''Concept'''</font>
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|MEMS
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''Search Query'''</font>
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|(((Microelectromechanical) OR (Micro ADJ ((System<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 ADJ Technology) OR (Electromechanical))) OR (MEMS) OR (BioMEMS) OR (Bio ADJ2 MEMS) OR (Microtechnology) OR (Micro ADJ Electro ADJ Mechanical)) OR (Drug ADJ2 Pump) OR (Micro ADJ2 Pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR(Micro ADJ2 Needle<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Micro ADJ2 Osmotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR Micropump<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR Microneedle<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR Microosmotic<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (Lab ADJ on ADJ a ADJ chip)OR (Lab ADJ2 Micro ADJ2 Chip))
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''Scope'''</font>
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Title/Abstract/Claims
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''Year'''</font>
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1836-2009
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''Hits'''</font>
+
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|24396
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''1'''</font>
+
|align = "center"|2
−
|align = "center"|'''MEMS'''
+
|NEMS
−
|(((Microelectromechanical) OR (Micro ADJ ((System*1 ADJ Technology) OR (Electromechanical))) OR (MEMS) OR (BioMEMS) OR (Bio ADJ2 MEMS) OR (Microtechnology) OR (Micro ADJ Electro ADJ Mechanical)) OR (Drug ADJ2 Pump) OR (Micro ADJ2 Pump*1) OR(Micro ADJ2 Needle*) OR (Micro ADJ2 Osmotic*) OR Micropump* OR Microneedle* OR Microosmotic* OR (Lab ADJ on ADJ a ADJ chip)OR (Lab ADJ2 Micro ADJ2 Chip))
+
|(Nanoelectromechanical OR NEMS OR (Nano ADJ Electromechanical) OR (Nano ADJ Electro ADJ Mechanical) OR BioNEMS OR (Bio ADJ2 NEMS) OR (Nano ADJ Pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR Nanopump OR (Nano ADJ2 Needle<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR Nanoneedle<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)
−
|Title/Abstract/Claims  
+
|Title/Abstract/Claims
−
|align = "center"|1836-2009
+
|1836-2009
−
|align = "center"|<font color="#3366FF">24396</font>
+
|align = "right"|474
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''2'''</font>
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3
−
|align = "center"|'''NEMS'''
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Drug Delivery
−
|(Nanoelectromechanical OR NEMS OR (Nano ADJ Electromechanical) OR (Nano ADJ Electro ADJ Mechanical) OR BioNEMS OR (Bio ADJ2 NEMS) OR (Nano ADJ Pump*1) OR Nanopump OR (Nano ADJ2 Needle*1) OR Nanoneedle*1)
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|(Drug OR Pharmaceutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR Medic<nowiki>*</nowiki>5) Near10 (Deliver<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR Inject<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR Perfus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR Infus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR Diffus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR Releas<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
−
|Title/Abstract/Claims
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Full Spec
−
|align = "center"|1836-2009
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1836-2009
−
|align = "center"|<font color="#3366FF">474</font>
+
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|336156
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''3'''</font>
+
|align = "center"|4
−
|align = "center"|'''  Drug Delivery'''
+
|Sensor/Communication
−
|(Drug OR Pharmaceutic*2 OR Medic*5) Near10 (Deliver*4 OR Inject*4 OR Perfus*3 OR Infus*3 OR Diffus*3 OR Releas*)
+
|(<nowiki>*</nowiki>sensor) OR (Sensor<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR Communicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR Telemetry OR (Bio ADJ2 IT) OR (Bio ADJ2 Information)
−
|Full Spec
+
|Title/Abstract/Claims
−
|align = "center"|1836-2009
+
|1836-2009
−
|align = "center"|<font color="#3366FF">336156</font>
+
|align = "right"|3257001
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''4'''</font>
+
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5
−
|align = "center"|'''Sensor/Communication'''
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Final Query
−
|  (*sensor) OR (Sensor*1) OR Communicat*3 OR Telemetry OR (Bio ADJ2 IT) OR (Bio ADJ2 Information)
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|(1 OR 2) AND 3 AND 4
−
|Title/Abstract/Claims
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|
−
|align = "center"|1836-2009
+
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|  
−
|align = "center"|<font color="#3366FF">3257001</font>
+
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1225(531 unique patents)
−
 
+
 
|-
 
|-
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#FFFF99">'''5'''</font>
 
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Final Query'''
 
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''(1 OR 2) AND 3 AND 4'''
 
−
|bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|&nbsp;
 
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|&nbsp;
 
−
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|<font color="#3366FF">'''1225('''</font><font color="#993300">'''531 unique patents'''</font><font color="#3366FF">''')'''
 
−
 
 
|}
 
|}
  

Latest revision as of 22:54, 16 June 2011

Background

Introduction

  • The smart miniature drug delivery system is for delivering the drugs to the host.Biological information is detected by biological sensors, the information is analyzed and drug delivery system is actuated to deliver the drug based on the information.
  • This system utilizes MEMS or NEMS technology based drug pumps, micro-pumps, micro-needles, micro-osmotic pumps, Nano-pumps.
  • It also includes sensors or communication systems to activate or control pumps.
  • Microsystems technologies are changing the Life Sciences industry. New in vitro diagnostic systems, new therapy strategies, genetic diseases treatment, targeted and intelligent drug delivery, artificial pancreas, drug discovery processes are health improvement promised to the future generations, enabled by semiconductor and MEMS technologies. The Life Sciences industry already faces critical challenges to take its way to its expected market.
  • The bar graph below gives details of the MEMS component for lifescience market
  • Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS or NEMS)-based drug delivery devices offer opportunities to address unmet medical needs related to dosing. Such devices should be considered when conventional dosing methods perform suboptimally in terms of safety, efficacy, pain, or convenience. In addition, applications of these technologies may create totally new drug delivery paradigms. MEMS technologies may create new therapies with existing molecular entities.

Some of the MEMS based drug delivery systems are listed below

Micropumps

Micropump Source


  • Although any kind of small pump is often referred to as micropump, a more accurate and up-to-date definition restricts this term to pumps with functional dimensions in the micrometre range. Such pumps are of special interest in microfluidic research, and have become available for industrial product integration in recent years. Their miniaturized overall size, potential cost and improved dosing accuracy compared to existing miniature pumps fuel the growing interest for this innovative kind of pump.
  • Micropumps can be grouped into mechanical and non-mechanical devices: Mechanical systems contain moving parts, which are usually actuation and valve membranes or flaps. The driving force can be generated by utilizing piezoelectric, electrostatic, thermo-pneumatic, pneumatic or magnetic effects. Non-mechanical pumps function with electro-hydrodynamic, electro-osmotic or ultrasonic flow generation.


Source

Microneedles

Microneedles for drug deliverySource


  • Microneedles were first developed as a method for transdermal drug delivery . The microneedles

are long enough to penetrate the stratum corneum, which often acts as the primary barrier to drug transport across the skin, but are short enough to avoid the nerves located in the dermis, potentially offering a painless method for drug delivery.

  • The microneedles can be divided into "In-Plane" and "Out of plane" microneedle based o fabrication methods and as "Hollow" and "Solid" Microneedles based on their physical aspects.



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Taxonomy

Taxonomy

Search concepts

S. No. Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4 Concept 5 Concept 6
Mems Nems Drug Sensor Communication Delivery
1 Microelectromechanical Systems Nanoelectromechanical Systems Medicament Biosensor Bioinformation technology Inject*4
2 Microsystem Technology BioNems Pharmaceutic*2 Smartsensor Telemetry Perfus*3
3 BioMems Nanopump Medic*5 Microsensor Infus*3
4 Micropump Nanopump Diffus*3
5 Microneedle Releas*
6 Mems Drugpump
7 Lab micro chip
8 Microosmotic pump
9 Lab on a chip


Search strategy

S. No. Concept Search Query Scope Year Hits
1 MEMS (((Microelectromechanical) OR (Micro ADJ ((System*1 ADJ Technology) OR (Electromechanical))) OR (MEMS) OR (BioMEMS) OR (Bio ADJ2 MEMS) OR (Microtechnology) OR (Micro ADJ Electro ADJ Mechanical)) OR (Drug ADJ2 Pump) OR (Micro ADJ2 Pump*1) OR(Micro ADJ2 Needle*) OR (Micro ADJ2 Osmotic*) OR Micropump* OR Microneedle* OR Microosmotic* OR (Lab ADJ on ADJ a ADJ chip)OR (Lab ADJ2 Micro ADJ2 Chip)) Title/Abstract/Claims 1836-2009 24396
2 NEMS (Nanoelectromechanical OR NEMS OR (Nano ADJ Electromechanical) OR (Nano ADJ Electro ADJ Mechanical) OR BioNEMS OR (Bio ADJ2 NEMS) OR (Nano ADJ Pump*1) OR Nanopump OR (Nano ADJ2 Needle*1) OR Nanoneedle*1) Title/Abstract/Claims 1836-2009 474
3 Drug Delivery (Drug OR Pharmaceutic*2 OR Medic*5) Near10 (Deliver*4 OR Inject*4 OR Perfus*3 OR Infus*3 OR Diffus*3 OR Releas*) Full Spec 1836-2009 336156
4 Sensor/Communication (*sensor) OR (Sensor*1) OR Communicat*3 OR Telemetry OR (Bio ADJ2 IT) OR (Bio ADJ2 Information) Title/Abstract/Claims 1836-2009 3257001
5 Final Query (1 OR 2) AND 3 AND 4 1225(531 unique patents)

IP Activity

Year wise IP activity

Year wise IP activity

Top Assignees

Top Assignees

Other assignees with one record

It can be inferred from the graph that out of the 78 ON target patents Biovalve Technologies Inc. is the Top Assignee in the Smart drug delivery system based on MEMS/NEMS

Patent Distribution

Patent Distribution
Microneedle Patent category Distribution

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On target records

Off target records

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