Difference between revisions of "Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma"

Revision as of 00:52, 24 February 2011

1 Dashboard
2 Objective
3 Overview
4 Interactive Taxonomy
5 Concept Table
- 5.1 French Keywords Concept table
- 5.2 German Keywords Concept Table
6 Taxonomy
- 6.1 Class codes identified for searches
7 Intellectual property
8 Sample patents
- 8.1 Sample Patents Analysis
9 Patent Ranking
10 IP Activity Graphs Of Sample Patents
11 Market Report

Dashboard

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Objective

Primary objective of the study was to perform a prior art search on usage of interferon for the treatment of melanoma.

To achieve our objective we performed following steps:

Created a multi level taxonomy to categorize the patents using interferon for melanoma treatment

Marked out relevant IPC, ECLA, US classes and Japanese F-term available for technology in question.

Identified and clubbed relevant keywords with classes to extract relevant patents.

Checked for patents in US, EP, PCT, JP, Great Britain, and German patent records

Performed MPI-INPADOC search which cover bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42 countries

Analyzed the patents and prepared an IPmap covering relevant patents for client usage.

Overview

Interferon

Interferon Source

Interferons (IFNs) are natural cell-signaling proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges such as viruses, parasites and tumor cells. They belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines and are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA, a key indicator of viral infection. Source

Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural killer cells and macrophages, increasing antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, and increasing the resistance of host cells to viral infection. There are 3 known classes of interferons; type I, type II and type III. All classes are very important in fighting viral infections. Recent studies have shown that Interferon can also help stop the growth and spread of cancer cells. Source

Melanoma

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It begins in skin cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells that make melanin, which gives skin its color. Melanin also protects the deeper layers of the skin from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.When people spend time in the sunlight, the melanocytes make more melanin and cause the skin to tan. This also happens when skin is exposed to other forms of ultraviolet light (such as in a tanning booth). If the skin receives too much ultraviolet light, the melanocytes may begin to grow abnormally and become cancerous. This condition is called melanoma.People with melanoma who have one or more positive lymph nodes are at a high risk to have their melanoma recur. It is believed that 70 to 80% of these individuals will have their melanoma come back within the next three to five years. Source

Interferon for treatment of melanoma

Over the past several decades, the incidence of melanoma has increased at a faster rate than that of any other solid tumor. In the 1930s, the lifetime risk for a person living in the U.S. to develop melanoma was 1 in 1,500. Currently, that risk is 1 in 74, and for 2003 it was estimated that 51,400 cases of invasive melanoma would be diagnosed. While efforts to improve early diagnosis through education have resulted in the increased detection of early-stage melanoma, many patients still present with high-risk primary melanomas.

A beacon of hope in the treatment of melanoma has long been the observation that melanoma is susceptible to attack by the host’s immune system. This has resulted in the testing of a remarkably broad spectrum of immunotherapies, including the use of nonspecific immunostimulants, various approaches to vaccine therapies, and cytokine therapy. Many of these approaches failed to demonstrate a significant clinical impact, and the practitioner had been left with few options in treating high-risk melanoma patients with adjuvant therapy. One exception to this, however, has been the use of adjuvant interferon alpha (IFN-{alpha})

While the precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood, there are multiple antitumor effects of IFN-{alpha}. These include a direct antiproliferative effect, the enhancement of natural killer cell activity, and the upregulation of tumor antigens and/or HLA class I and class II antigens. Initial phase II clinical studies with IFN-{alpha} in metastatic melanoma showed response rates in the 10%–20% range [4, 5]. These response rates, while encouraging, were not significant enough to lead to its widespread use in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Source

Interactive Taxonomy

Concept Table

S.No	Concept-1	Concept-2
1	Melanoma	Interferon
2	Cancer	IFN
3	Skin Cancer	huIFN
4	Carcinoma
5	Tumor
6	Melanocyte

French Keywords Concept table

S.No	Concept-1	Concept-2
1	mélanome	Interféron*
2	Peau Cancer	huIFN
3	Carcinome	IFN
4	Tumeur
5	Mélanocyte

German Keywords Concept Table

S.No	Concept-1	Concept-2
1	Melanoma	Interferon
2	Haut Krebs	huIFN
3	Karzinoma	IFN
4	Krebsgeschwür
5	Tumor
6	Geschwulst
7	Melanozyten

Taxonomy

Taxonomy

Class codes identified for searches

Relevant IPC classes

IPC
Sr. No.	Class Code	Class definition	Class coverage
1	A61K003819	Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons	Broad
2	A61K003821	Medicinal preparations containing peptides Interferon	Specific
3	C07K001452	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons	Broad
4	C07K014555	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon	Specific
5	C07K001456	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha	Specific
6	C07K014565	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta	Specific
7	C07K001457	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma	Specific
8	A61P003500	Therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations -antineoplastic agents	Broad

Relevant ECLA classes

ECLA
Sr. No.	Class Code	Class definition	Class coverage
1	A61K003819	Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons	Broad
2	A61K003821	Medicinal preparations containing Interferon	Specific
3	A61K38/21A	Medicinal preparations containing IFN-alpha	Specific
4	A61K38/21B	Medicinal preparations containing IFN-beta	Specific
5	A61K38/21C	Medicinal preparations containing IFN-gamma	Specific
6	C07K001452	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons	Broad
7	C07K014555	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon	Specific
8	C07K001456	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha	Specific
9	C07K014565	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta	Specific
10	C07K001457	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma	Specific
11	C07K014715G	Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants - for interferons -	Specific

Relevant US classes

US class
Sr. No.	Class Code	Class definition
1	4240854	DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - this subclass provides for patents which broadly claim interferon or a method of treatment of interferon where the classification of the interferon as alpha, beta or gamma interferon is impossible
2	4242811	DRUG, BIO-AFFCTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Virus (e.g., interferon-inducing virus, etc.)
3	42400141	DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Attached to lymphokine, cytokine, or other secreted growth regulatory factor, differentiation factor, or intercellular mediator specific for a hematopoietic cell (e.g., interferon, interleukin, macrophage factor, colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin); derivative thereof
4	514889	DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - INTERFERON INDUCER
5	530351	CHEMISTRY: NATURAL RESINS OR DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES OR PROTEINS; LIGNINS OR REACTION PRODUCTS THEREOF - Lymphokines, e.g., interferons, interlukins, etc.
6	930142	PEPTIDE OR PROTEIN SEQUENCE - Interferon
7	4240851	LYMPHOKINE - Included in this and the indented subclasses interferon, interleukin and macrophage factors (monokines)
8	4240855	Gamma or immune: This subclass is indented under subclass 85.4. Subject matter in which the interferon is gamma or immune interferon.
9	4240856	Subject matter in which the interferon is beta or fibroblast interferon.
10	4240857	Subject matter in which the interferon is alpha or leukocyte interferon.

Intellectual property

Search strategy and concept

Date of Search: 1836 to October 26, 2009 Database used: Micropatent - Include extensive full text and MPI-Inpadoc searches

Search in Micropatent full text - English language search

Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.

Sr. No.	Search concept	Search Scope	Search reason	Class Code (IPC,US,ECLA)	Search query	No. of hits
1	Interferon for treating Melanoma	Title, Abstract and Claims	Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords	A61K003821* OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G OR 4240854 OR 4242811 OR 42400141 OR 514889 OR 530351 OR 930142	(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))	576
2	Interferon for treating Melanoma	Title, Abstract and Claims	Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords	A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR 4240851 OR 4240855 OR 4240856 OR 4240857 OR A61P003500	(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))	756
3	Final query	1 OR 2				1019 records 571 unique records

Search in Micropatent full text - Foreign language search

Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.

Sr. No.	Search concept	Language	Search Scope	Search reason	Class Code (IPC, ECLA)	Search query	No. of hits
1	Interferon for treating Melanoma	French	Title, Abstract and Claims	Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma’s foregin langugae keywords	A61K003821* OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G	(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))	184 hits
		German				(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
2	Interferon for treating Melanoma	French	Title, Abstract and Claims	Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma’s and interferon’s foregin langugae keywords	A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR A61P003500	(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))	3375 hits
		German				(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
3	Final query					1 OR 2	3422 hits (2023 unique records, 30-35 % relevant)

Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - English language search

Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.

Sr. No.	Search concept	Search Scope	Search reason	Class search	Search query	No. of hits
1	Interferon for treating Melanoma	Title and Abstract	Specific IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords	A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457	(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))	174
2	Interferon for treating Melanoma	Title and Abstract	Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords	A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500	(IFN* OR IFN OR interferon OR interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))	484
3	Interferon for treating Melanoma	Title and Abstract	Specific ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords	A61K03821* OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457 OR C07K014715G	(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte* NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))	102
4	Interferon for treating Melanoma	Title and Abstract	Broad ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords	A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500	(IFN* OR IFN OR interferon OR interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))	9
5	Final query				1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4	587 hits 232 unique records

Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - Foreign language search

Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.

Sr. No.	Search concept	Language	Search Scope	Search reason	Class Code (IPC, ECLA)	Search query	No. of hits
1	Interferon for treating Melanoma	French	Title and Abstract	Specific IPC/ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords	A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457	(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))	4 hits
		German				(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
2	Interferon for treating Melanoma	French	Title and Abstract	Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords	A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500	(IFN* OR IFN OR Interféron OR *Interféron OR huIFN) AND (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))	25 hits
		German				(IFN* OR IFN OR interferon OR *interferon OR huIFN AND (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))
3	Final query					1 OR 2	29 hits

Search in Japanese database

Database: IPDL (Industrial property digital library), Japan

Date of search: 1900/01/01 to 2009/10/26

Total patents: 846 (Relevancy ~10%)

F-Terms and theme used in search

Japanese F-term search			Definition
Sr. No.	F- Term theme	4H045	Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
1	F-term	DA15	Peptide or protein characterised by function - Interferons
2	F-term	DA16	Alpha-interferons
3	F-term	DA17	Beta-interferons
4	F-term	DA18	Gamma-interferons

Sample patents

S.No.	Patent/Publication No.	Date of Publication	Assignee / Applicant	Inventor(s)	Title	Dolcera Summary
1	US7482014B2	1/27/2009	Schering Corporation	Rybak, Mary Ellen and Rose, Esther Helen	Melanoma therapy	The invention relates to a method of treating a patient having Stage IIB or Stage III melanoma which has been surgically removed. A first dose of 6.0 micrograms/kg of pegylated interferon alpha-2b once a week for eight weeks, and then administering to the patient a second dose of 3.0 or less micrograms/kg of pegylated interferon alpha-2b once a week for the remainder of a five year treatment period.
2	US5997858A	12/7/1999	Pharma Pacific Pty Ltd.	Tovey, Michael Gerard and Kaido, Thomas James	Stimulation of host defense mechanisms against tumors	A method for treating multiple myeloma, hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, brain tumors etc. by administering a therapeutically effective amount of an interferon (1500 IU to about 20×10⁶ IU for a 70 kg man per day) via oromucosal contact.
3	EP288055A1	10/26/1988	MERRELL DOW PHARMACEUTICALS INC.	Sunkara, Sai P.	Use of ODC inhibitors, dacarbazine, and interferon, in the treatment of malignant melanoma	A combinational therapy containing an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, Interferon and Dacarbazine for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treating rapidly-proliferating cell-growth disease such as melanoma.
4	EP241242A1	10/14/1987	CETUS ONCOLOGY CORPORATION	Rudolph, Alfred	The use of interferon-beta and interleukin-2 for combination therapy and compositions therefor	A composition comprising of a mixture of lFN- beta and IL-2 for administration to human patients for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of cancer such as colon cancer, melanoma, renal cell cancer, lung cancer.

Sample Patents Analysis

The above sample patents were analysed according to the taxonomy.

Click here to download Sample analysis sheet on Interferon for treatment of Melanomas

Patent Ranking

10 Sample Patents were ranked according to the patent focus.

Patent Ranking Details

1 : Granted Patent & Focus in Independent Claim
2 : Granted Patent & Focus in Dependent Claim
3 : Published Patent & Focus in independent Claim
4 : Published Patent & Focus in Dependent claim

S.No	Patent	Type	Patent Ranking
1	US7482014B2	Granted And Independent Claim	1
2	US5997858A	Granted And Independent Claim	1
3	EP288055A1	Granted And Independent Claim	1
4	EP241242A1	Granted And Dependent Claim	2
5	US20100086518	Published And Dependent	4
6	US4846782	Granted And Dependent Claim	2
7	US5824300	Granted And Dependent Claim	2
8	US20020107184	Published And Independent	3
9	US4762705	Granted And Independent Claim	1
10	US5190751	Granted And Independent Claim	1

IP Activity Graphs Of Sample Patents

IP activity based on priority years

Total of 10 Sample patents(basic patent number) were taken into consideration for the IP activity based on priority years.

IP activity based on priority years

IP activity based on publication years

Total of 10 Sample patents(basic patent number) were taken into consideration for the IP activity based on publication years.

IP activity based on publication years

Geographical Distribution based on family members

The geographical distribution is based on 10 sample patent numbers along with all their family members.

Geographical Distribution based on Family members Melanoma

Market Report

Interferon types & Their Compositions

S.No	Generic Name	Brand Name	Company Name	Composition
1	Alpha IFN	Intron®,Roferon®-A	Schering Corporation	Active Ingredient-Interferon alfa-2aInactive Ingredients- sodium chloride, ammonium acetate, polysorbate 80, glycine, sodium phosphate dibasic,sodium phosphate monobasic, human albumin, preservative: benzyl alcohol.
2	Beta IFN	Avonex	Biogen IDEC	Active Ingredient-Beta interferon,Inactive Ingredients-65 to 90 wt % of polyol,and a p-hydroxybenzoate,carboxymethyl cellulose,human serum albumin
3	Gamma IFN	Actimmune®	Intermune	Active Ingredient-interferon gamma-1b.,Inactive Ingredients-Polyethylene Glycol,dextran ,hydroxyethylstarch
4	Pegylated IFN	Peg Intron	Schering-Plough	Active ingredient-peginterferon alfa-2b,Inactive ingredients: dibasic sodium phosphate anhydrous, monobasicsodium phosphate dihydrate, sucrose, polysorbate 80.
5	Recombinant IFN	(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).	Schering Corporation	Active Ingredient-Ribavirin,Inactive Ingredients-microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium,sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate monobasic as buffering agents;human albumin as a stabilizer.

Interferon Types & Description Of Products

S.No	Company Name	Product	Description	Source
1	Schering Corporation	Intron®,Roferon®-A	Intron A is an interferon, a group of naturally occurring proteins that were first discovered as a result of their ability to prevent viral replication. Intron A is marketed in 72 countries worldwide for as many as 16 indications.In the United States it has been cleared for use by the FDA for chronic viral hepatitis B, chronic viral hepatitis C, malignant melanoma, hairy cell leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma and condylomata acuminata (venereal warts).INTRON A recombinant for Injection has been classified as an alpha interfero nand is a water-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 19,271 daltons produced by recombinant DNA techniques. It is obtained from the bacterial fermentation of a strain of Escherichia coli bearing a genetically engineered plasmid containing an interferon alfa- 2b gene from human leukocytes. The fermentation is carried out in a defined nutrient medium containing the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride at a concentration of 5 to 10 mg/L; the presence of this antibiotic is not detectable in the final product. The specific activity of interferon alfa-2b, recombinant is approximately 2.6 x 108 IU/mg protein as measured by the HPLC assay.	http://www.introna.com/maintenance.html
2	Biogen IDEC	Avonex	Avonex, manufactured by Biogen, is a form of beta interferon (interferon beta, IFN-b) used to modify the course of multiple sclerosis. While not a cure, Avonex has been shown in clinical trials to reduce the average relapse rate in people with the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis form of the disease. It is identical to the naturally occurring protein found in the human body. It is manufactured by extracting the drug from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Avonex is the same substance as Rebif but administered differently (30 mcg, intra-muscularly, once a week as against 22 mcg or 44 mcg, sub-cutaneously, 3 times a week for Rebif). Avonex is usually given in the large muscles of the thigh, upper arm, or hip.	http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/Avonex.html
3	Intermune	Actimmune®	Actimmune(R) is a synthesized version of interferon gamma, a naturally occurring protein believed to stimulate the immune system. InterMune markets Actimmune(R) for the treatment of two life-threatening congenital diseases: chronic granulomatous disease and severe, malignant osteopetrosis. The most common side effects are flu-like symptoms, including headache, fatigue, fever, chills, and rash. InterMune was granted two composition-of-matter patents related to interferon gamma-1b in the United States, extending its patent protection until 2022.	http://www.actimmune.com/
4	Schering-Plough	Peg Intron	Peg-Intron (peginterferon alfa-2b) Powder for Injection has been approved by the FDA.Peg-Intron is a longer-acting formulation of Schering-Plough's Intron A, which is a recombinant version of a naturally occurring alpha interferon. In contrast to Intron A, which is administered three times weekly, Peg-Intron is administered subcutaneously once a week. This reduced frequency of administration may increase patient compliance.	http://www.pegintron.com/index.html
5	Schering Corporation	(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).	REBETOL is a medicine used with either interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) or peginterferon alfa-2b (PegIntron) to treat chronic (lasting a long time) hepatitis C infection in people 3 years and older with liver disease.REBETOL Capsules consist of a white powder in a white, opaque, gelatin capsule. Each capsule contains 200 mg ribavirin and the inactive ingredients microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The capsule shell consists of gelatin, sodium lauryl sulfate, silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide. The capsule is printed with edible blue pharmaceutical ink which is made of shellac, anhydrous ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ammonium hydroxide, and FD&C Blue #2 aluminum lake.	http://www.merck.com/product/home.html

Global Revenue Data Of products

S.No	Generic Name	Brand Name	Company	Global revenue ($ Million )
S.No	Generic Name	Brand Name	Company	2008	2009	2010
1	Alpha IFN	Intron®,Roferon®-A	Schering Corporation		38.4
2	Beta IFN	Avonex	Biogen IDEC	2518.4	2322.9	2202.6
3	Gamma IFN	Actimmune®	Intermune	29880	25428
4	Pegylated IFN	Peg Intron	Schering-Plough		148.7
5	Recombinant IFN	(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).	Schering Corporation		36.1

@@ Line 710: / Line 710: @@
 * The geographical distribution is based on 10 sample  patent numbers along with all their family members.
 [[Image:Geographical Distribution based on Family members Melanoma 1.jpg|center|thumb|500 px| Geographical Distribution based on Family members Melanoma]]
+==Market Report==
+===Interferon types & Their Compositions===
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center>
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Generic Name'''</center>
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Brand Name'''</center>
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Company Name'''</center>
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Composition'''</center>
+|-
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Alpha IFN</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intron®,Roferon®-A</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-Interferon alfa-2aInactive Ingredients- sodium chloride, ammonium acetate, polysorbate 80, glycine, sodium phosphate dibasic,sodium phosphate monobasic, human albumin, preservative: benzyl alcohol.</center>
+|-
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Beta IFN</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Avonex</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Biogen IDEC</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-Beta interferon,Inactive Ingredients-65 to 90 wt % of polyol,and a p-hydroxybenzoate,carboxymethyl cellulose,human serum albumin</center>
+|-
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Gamma IFN</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Actimmune®</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intermune</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-interferon gamma-1b.,Inactive Ingredients-Polyethylene Glycol,dextran ,hydroxyethylstarch </center>
+|-
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Pegylated IFN</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peg Intron</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering-Plough</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active ingredient-peginterferon alfa-2b,Inactive ingredients: dibasic sodium phosphate anhydrous, monobasicsodium phosphate dihydrate, sucrose, polysorbate 80.</center>
+|-
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Recombinant IFN</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-Ribavirin,Inactive Ingredients-microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium,sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate monobasic as buffering agents;human albumin as a stabilizer.</center>
+|}
+===Interferon Types & Description Of Products===
+{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center>
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Company Name'''</center>
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Product'''</center>
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Description'''</center>
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Source'''</center>
+|-
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intron®,Roferon®-A</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intron A is an interferon, a group of naturally occurring proteins that were first discovered as a result of their ability to prevent viral replication. Intron A is marketed in 72 countries worldwide for as many as 16 indications.In the United States it has been cleared for use by the FDA for chronic viral hepatitis B, chronic viral hepatitis C, malignant melanoma, hairy cell leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma and condylomata acuminata (venereal warts).INTRON A recombinant for Injection has been classified as an alpha interfero nand is a water-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 19,271 daltons produced by recombinant DNA techniques. It is obtained from the bacterial fermentation of a strain of Escherichia coli bearing a genetically engineered plasmid containing an interferon alfa- 2b gene from human leukocytes. The fermentation is carried out in a defined nutrient medium containing the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride at a concentration of 5 to 10 mg/L; the presence of this antibiotic is not detectable in the final product. The specific activity of interferon alfa-2b, recombinant is approximately 2.6 x 108 IU/mg protein as measured by the HPLC assay.</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.introna.com/maintenance.html http://www.introna.com/maintenance.html]</center>
+|-
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Biogen IDEC</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Avonex</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Avonex, manufactured by Biogen, is a form of beta interferon (interferon beta, IFN-b) used to modify the course of multiple sclerosis. While not a cure, Avonex has been shown in clinical trials to reduce the average relapse rate in people with the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis form of the disease. It is identical to the naturally occurring protein found in the human body. It is manufactured by extracting the drug from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Avonex is the same substance as Rebif but administered differently (30 mcg, intra-muscularly, once a week as against 22 mcg or 44 mcg, sub-cutaneously, 3 times a week for Rebif). Avonex is usually given in the large muscles of the thigh, upper arm, or hip.</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/Avonex.html http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/Avonex.html]</center>
+|-
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intermune</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Actimmune®</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Actimmune(R) is a synthesized version of interferon gamma, a naturally occurring protein believed to stimulate the immune system. InterMune markets Actimmune(R) for the treatment of two life-threatening congenital diseases: chronic granulomatous disease and severe, malignant osteopetrosis. The most common side effects are flu-like symptoms, including headache, fatigue, fever, chills, and rash. InterMune was granted two composition-of-matter patents related to interferon gamma-1b in the United States, extending its patent protection until 2022.</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.actimmune.com/ http://www.actimmune.com/]</center>
+|-
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering-Plough</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peg Intron</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peg-Intron (peginterferon alfa-2b) Powder for Injection has been approved by the FDA.Peg-Intron is a longer-acting formulation of Schering-Plough's Intron A, which is a recombinant version of a naturally occurring alpha interferon. In contrast to Intron A, which is administered three times weekly, Peg-Intron is administered subcutaneously once a week. This reduced frequency of administration may increase patient compliance.</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.pegintron.com/index.html http://www.pegintron.com/index.html]</center>
+|-
+| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>REBETOL is a medicine used with either interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) or peginterferon alfa-2b (PegIntron) to treat chronic (lasting a long time) hepatitis C infection in people 3 years and older with liver disease.REBETOL Capsules consist of a white powder in a white, opaque, gelatin capsule. Each capsule contains 200 mg ribavirin and the inactive ingredients microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The capsule shell consists of gelatin, sodium lauryl sulfate, silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide. The capsule is printed with edible blue pharmaceutical ink which is made of shellac, anhydrous ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ammonium hydroxide, and FD&C Blue #2 aluminum lake.</center>
+| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.merck.com/product/home.html http://www.merck.com/product/home.html]</center>
+|}
+===Global Revenue Data Of products===
+    <table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0">
+      <tr>
+        <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>S.No</strong></td>
+        <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>Generic Name</strong></td>
+        <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>Brand Name</strong></td>
+        <td colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>Company</strong></td>
+        <td colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>Global revenue ($ Million )</strong></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>2008</strong></td>
+        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>2009</strong></td>
+        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>2010</strong></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>1</strong></td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Alpha IFN</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Intron®,Roferon®-A</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Schering Corporation</td>
+        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="bottom">38.4</td>
+        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>2</strong></td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Beta IFN</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Avonex</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center"> Biogen IDEC</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">2518.4</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">2322.9</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">2202.6</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>3</strong></td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Gamma IFN</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Actimmune®</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Intermune</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">29880</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">25428</td>
+        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>4</strong></td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Pegylated IFN</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Peg Intron</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center"> Schering-Plough</td>
+        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">148.7</td>
+        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(153, 204, 255); font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" bgcolor="#99ccff" valign="center"><strong>5</strong></td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Recombinant IFN</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).</td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">Schering Corporation</td>
+        <td style="border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
+        <td style="font-size: 10pt; border-top: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-bottom: thick solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: thin solid rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="center" valign="center">36.1</td>
+        <td style="border-width: thin thick thick thin; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>

Difference between revisions of "Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma"

Revision as of 00:52, 24 February 2011

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Interferon

Melanoma

Interferon for treatment of melanoma

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