Difference between pages "Oral Diabetes Drugs" and "Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)"

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−	Diabetes is a disease caused by high levels of blood glucose resulting from improper production of insulin or action of insulin.	+	== Introduction ==
−	* '''Type 1''': In this Diabetes, the cells that make the hormone insulin regulate the blood glucose are destroyed by the body immune system. This is also called as juvenile onset diabetes as it occurs mainly in children and young adults. 5%-10% of all the cases of diabetes have Type I diabetes. Clinical trials are being pursued and planned to prevent type I diabetes. This is also called as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM).
−	* '''Type 2''': In this case, either the cells do not use insulin properly or the body does not produce enough insulin. 90% - 95% of the diabetics have Type 2 diabetes. This type of disease is also called as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and is mainly observed in people with old age, obese, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity and race/ethnicity.
−	* '''Gestational Diabetes''': Increase in the levels of blood sugar during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes.
−	==Incidence and prevalence==	+	=== Nanotechnology ===
−	===Incidence===	+	Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale, normally 1 to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of devices with critical dimensions that lie within that size range.
−	In year 2004, diabetes ( Both type I and type II ) was diagnosed in 1.4 million adults between the age of 18-79 years (Figure 1). The incidence of diabetes was lower in adults having an age between 18-44 years compared to other groups (Figure 2). From 1997 through 2004, the age adjusted incidence of diagnosed diabetes ( Both type I and type II )increased by 35% among men and 46% among women (Figure 3).	+
−	[[Image:Number in thousands vs Year.jpg|left|250 px|thumb|Figure 1. Annual number (in thousands) of new cases of diagnosed diabetes among adults aged 18-79 years, in United States from 1997-2004. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig1.htm Source]]]	+	=== Run of Nanotechnology ===
		+	* '''December 29, 1959''': The first thought of Nanotechnology was given by Richard Feynman in "[http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom]" at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech.
		+	* '''September, 1981''': First technical paper published on molecular nanotechnology. The same year scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented.
		+	* '''1982-1990''':Books and prizes on nanotechnology. Atomic force microscope invented in 1986.
		+	* '''1991''': Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) discovered.
		+	* '''1997''': First company on nanotechnology founded, it's name is [http://www.zyvex.com/ Zyvex].
		+	* '''1998-2007''': Research, investment, conferences and meetings on nanotechnology.
−	[[Image: Rate per 1000 vs gender.gif|right|250 px|thumb|	+	=== Applications of Nanotechnology ===
−	Figure 3. Gender based incidence of diagnosed diabetes per 1000 population aged from 18-79 years in U.S. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig4.htm Source]]]	+	It has or will have applications in almost all areas we can think of.
−	[[Image: Rate per 1000 vs Year.jpg|center|250 px|thumb|Figure 2. Incidence of diagnosed diabetes per 1000 population aged 18-79 years, by age in U.S from 1997 to 2004. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig3.htm Source]]].	+	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
−		+
−	*The following table attempts to extrapolate the incidence rate for Diabetes( both type I and type II ) to the populations of various countries and regions.[http://cureresearch.com/d/diabetes/stats-country.htm Cure reasearch, Statistics by Country for Diabetes]	+
−	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="86%"	+
−	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''  S.NO'''	+
−	|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Country/Region'''	+
−	|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Extrapolated incidence'''	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|1	+	!Environment and Energy || Medical and Health || Electronics and Computers || Space, Aircraft and Transportation || Materials and Manufacturing
−	| USA	+
−	|861,533	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|2	+	| valign = "top" |
−	|Canada	+	* Clean Technology
−	|95,372	+	* Reducing Global Warming
−	|-	+	* Eco-friendly and Efficient Energy
−	|align = "center"|3	+	* Eco-friendly Coatings
−	|Europe	+	* Lotus-effect Surfaces
−	|1,474,002	+	* Self-cleaning Glass
−	|-	+	* Environmental Monitoring
−	|align = "center"|4	+	* Remediation of Soil
−	|Asia	+	* Remediation and Treatment of Water
−	|10,063,645	+	| valign = "top" |
−	|-	+	* Lab-on-a-chip: The Analytical Revolution
−	|align = "center"|5	+	* Nanoparticles and Drug Delivery
−	|Africa	+	* Nanoparticles and Gene Therapy
−	|1,290,255	+	* Textured Surfaces for Tissue Regeneration
−	|-	+	* Nanorobot Therapeutics
−	|align = "center"|6	+	| valign = "top" |
−	|Middle east	+	* Desktop Manufacturing
−	|1,055,809	+	* Electronic Paper
−	|-	+	* Nanoelectronics and Computing
−	|align = "center"|7	+	* Assemblers and Self-replicators
−	|Australia and Southern Pacific	+	* Molecular Electronics
−	|70,138	+	| valign = "top" |
		+	* Space and Aeronautics
		+	* Automobiles
		+	* Transportation Infrastructure
		+	| valign = "top" |
		+	* New and Nanostructured Materials
		+	* Nano-engineered Advanced Materials
		+	* NanoGold: Carbon Nanotubes
		+	* Potential Industrial Applications
	|-		|-
	|}		|}
		+	([http://www.nipne.ro/rjp/2004_49_9-10/0767_0776.pdf Source link])
−	===Prevalence===	+	* '''Aerospace'''
−	The prevalence of diabetes( Both type I and type II ) in U.S. during the years 1980 to 2005, increased from 5.6 million to 15.8 million (Figure 4). Especially people aged from 65 to 74 had the highest prevalence compared to other age groups (Figure 5). The prevalence of the disease was similar in both men and women till the year 1998 but from 1999, the prevalence of the disease increased highly in men compared to females (Figure 6).	+	::* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3401/02.html Space Elevators]
		+	::* [http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/16sep_rightstuff.htm Spaceship]
		+	::* [http://www.andybrain.com/extras/solar-sail.htm Solar Sails]
		+	::* [http://www.niac.usra.edu/files/library/meetings/annual/oct04/914Mavroidis.pdf Biorobots]
		+	* '''Medicine'''
		+	::* Identifying location of cancer cells. [http://www.physorg.com/news2850.html]
		+	::* Delivering chemotherapy drugs directly to cancer cells.[http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2006/April/11040601.asp]
		+	::* Nanoshells that concentrate the heat from infrared light to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells. [http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?language=english&type=24119&article_id=218392390&cat=3_all]
		+	::* Nanotubes used in broken bones to provide a structure for new bone material to grow.[http://www.physorg.com/news5003.html]
		+	::* Nanoparticles that can attach to cells infected with various diseases and allow a lab to identify, in a blood sample, the particular disease.[http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=16228]
		+	* '''Food Storage'''
		+	::* [http://www.nanocor.com/nanocomposites.asp Clay nanocomposites] are being used to provide an impermeable barrier to gasses such as oxygen or carbon dioxide in lightweight bottles, cartons and packaging films.
		+	::* Food storage bins are being produced with silver nanoparticles embedded in the plastic. The silver nanoparticles kill bacteria from any food that was previously stored in the bins, minimizing health risks from harmful bacteria.[http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1695]
		+	::* It is possible to use nanosensors in plastic packaging to detect gases given off by food when it spoils. The packaging itself changes color to alert you to food gone bad.
		+	* '''Agriculture'''
		+	::* Food will be more tastier and healthier using nanaotechnology.[http://nsrg.neu.edu/resources/regulatory_capacity/documents/NanoAgFood.pdf]
		+	::* Research is also being conducted to develop nanocapsules containing nutrients that would be released when nanosensors detect a vitamin deficiency in your body.
		+	::* Researchers are also working on pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles; that only release pesticide within an insect’s stomach, minimizing the contamination of plants themselves.
		+	::* Another development being persued is a network of nanosensors and dispensers used throughout a food crop. The sensors recognize when a plant needs nutrients or water, before there is any sign that the plant is deficient. The dispensers then release fertilizer, nutrients, or water as needed, optimizing the growth of each plant in the field one by one.
		+	* '''Chemistry'''
		+	::* Nanoparticles can be used as catalyst for chemical reactions.
		+	::* Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical vapors.[http://people.nas.nasa.gov/~cwei/Publication/cnt_sensor.pdf]
		+	::* ZnO nanowires may lead to better chemical sensors, high-speed electronics.[http://www.physorg.com/news77303473.html]
		+	::* Palladium nanoparticle hydrogen sensor.[http://nano-proprietary.com/PDFs/Palladium%20Nanoparticle%20Hydrogen%20SensorMNPS.pdf]
		+	* '''Semiconductor devices'''
		+	::* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoelectromechanical_systems NEMS]
		+	::* [http://www.technologyreview.com/Nanotech/18591/ OLED]
		+	::* [http://www.zurich.ibm.com/st/storage/concept.html Memory chips]
		+	::* [http://www.motorola.com/content.jsp?globalObjectId=8206 Nanoemmissive display panel]
		+	::* [http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture-silicon/45nm-core2/index.htm  45 nm wide transistor gates]
		+	::* [http://www.voyle.net/Nano%20Electronics/Nano%20Electronics-2004-0040.htm Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM)]
		+	::* [http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/about/nanoelectronics.html Nanoscale integrated circuits]
		+	* '''Optics'''
		+	::* The first sunglasses using protective and antireflective ultrathin polymer coatings are on the market.
		+	::* Nanotechnology also offers scratch resistant surface coatings based on nanocomposites.
		+	::* Nano-optics could allow for an increase in precision of pupil repair and other types of laser eye surgery.
		+	* '''Textile'''
		+	::* The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free.
		+	::* Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures.
		+	::* Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full-surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer.
		+	* '''Consumer products'''
		+	::* Nanotechnology is now entered in almost all consumer products,for details see [http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/browse/]
−	[[Image:Number vs Year.jpg|left|250 px|thumb|Figure 4. Number (millions) of persons with diagnosed diabetes from year 1980 to 2005 in United States. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figpersons.htm Source]]]	+	[[Image:report9.jpg|center|600 px|thumb|Number of products launched products launched vs categories]]
−	[[Image:Rate_per_100_vs_Age.jpg|right|250 px|thumb|Figure 5. Age dependent Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in United States from year 1980 to 2005. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figbyage.htm Source]]]	+	[http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/analysis_draft/ Source link]
−	[[Image:Rate per 100 vs Year.jpg|center|250 px|thumb|Figure 6. Gender dependent Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in United States from year 1980 to 2005. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figbysex.htm Source]]].	+	== Carbon Nanotubes ==
−	*The following table attempts to extrapolate the prevalence rate for Diabetes( both type I and type II ) to the populations of various countries and regions.[http://cureresearch.com/d/diabetes/stats-country.htm Cure reasearch, Statistics by Country for Diabetes].	+	[[Image:carbonnanotubes.png|Right|200 px|thumb|3D model of three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes]]
−	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="86%"	+
−	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''  S.NO'''	+
−	|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Country/Region'''	+
−	|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Extrapolated Prevalence'''	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center"|1	+
−	| USA	+
−	|17,273,847	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|Canada	+
−	|1,912,227	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|Europe	+
−	|33,882,009	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center"|4	+
−	|Asia	+
−	|201,777,550	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center"|5	+
−	|Africa	+
−	|25,393,535	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center"|6	+
−	|Middle east	+
−	|21,169,243	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center"|7	+
−	|Australia and Southern Pacific	+
−	|1,406,291	+
−	|-	+
−	|}	+
−	==Market Overview==	+	Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) are cylindrical shaped allotrope of carbon with
−	* The Insulin market in 2006 was largely dominated by two players, Novo Nordisk of Denmark and Eli Lilly of USA.	+	length to diameter ratio exceeding 1,000,000.
−	* India and China are emerging as the most potential future markets for insulin delivery devices.	+
−	* Growing at a CAGR of 14.09%, global insulin market will reach US$ 14.5 Billion by 2010 from US$ 7.5 Billion in 2005.	+
−	* Over 60% of the insulin sold in 2006 was sold in pen devices.	+
−	* Insulin pen devices dominate the market in Europe and Japan whereas syringes and pumps dominate the US market.	+
−	* There was a big improvement in the global diabetes market for innovation particularly in the field of non-invasive methods of insulin delivery, including inhalable, oral and patch technology. [http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1491639&g=1 Source]	+
−	* There are 3 key new OAD classes; PPAR agonists, GLP-1 agonists/DPP IV inhibitors, and amlinomimetic agents. High forecasted sales are anticipated in 2011 for the GLP-1 agonist Exenatide LAR and the DPP-IV inhibitor Galvus at $2,902.9m and $1,228.7m, respectively. [http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1286835&g=1 Source]	+
−	[[Image:Diabetic market data.jpeg|thumb|center|800 px|]]	+	Such cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make
		+	them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology,
		+	electronics, optics and other fields of materials science. They
		+	exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties,
		+	and are efficient conductors of heat.
−	A. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0159m.pdf Competitive dynamics of the leading players in the global diabetes market, 2005]	+	=== Types ===
−	B. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0159m.pdf  Global diabetes market share by geography, 2005]]	+	[[Image:swcnt.jpg|right|200 px|thumb|Vectors representing orientation of three types of Single-walled CNT's]]
−	C. [http://www.bccresearch.com/editors/RB-158.html Worldwide Diabetes Market, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2007]	+	[[Image:dwcnt.jpg|right|200 px|thumb|A Double-walled CNT formed by multiple Single-walled CNTs]]
−	D. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0126m.PDF Global* market share of leading insulins (%), 1999-2003]	+	# '''[http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/ntproperties/equilibriumstructure.html Single-walled CNT's]''': This type of nanotube can be formed by rolling Graphene sheet. Graphene is a single planar sheet of sp²-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Types of Single-walled CNT's:
		+	#* Zig-zag(n,0)
		+	#* Armchair(n,n)
		+	#* Chiral(2n,n)
		+	# '''[http://www.nanotech-now.com/nanotube-buckyball-sites.htm Multi-walled]''': Multi-walled nanotubes(MWNT) consist of multiple layers of graphite rolled in on themselves to form a tube shape.
		+	# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene Fullerite]''': Fullerites are the solid-state manifestation of fullerenes and related compounds and materials. Being highly incompressible nanotube forms, polymerized single-walled nanotubes (P-SWNT) are a class of fullerites and are comparable to diamond in terms of hardness.
		+	# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus Torus]''': A nanotorus is a theoretically described carbon nanotube bent into a torus (doughnut shape).
		+	# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanobud Nanobud]''': The material fullerene-like "buds" are covalently bonded to the outer sidewalls of the underlying carbon nanotube. This hybrid material has useful properties of both fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
−	==Product Information==	+	=== Properties ===
−		+	::* '''Physical Properties'''
−	[[Image:diabetes4.jpg|800 px|center|thumb| Overall categorization of diabetes treatments]]	+	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="65%"
−		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Material'''
−	===Products: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents===	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Young<nowiki>’</nowiki>s modulus''' (GPa)
−	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Tensile Strength''' (GPa)
−	|bgcolor = "#FFFF00" colspan = "4"|<font size = "5">Oral Hypoglycemic Agents</font>	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Density''' (g/cm3)
	|-		|-
−	|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug'''	+	|align = "center"|Single wall nanotube
−	|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Brand'''	+	|align = "center"|1054
−	|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Company'''	+	|align = "center"|150
−	|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Availability'''	+	|align = "center"|N/A
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "4" |<font color="#FF0000"> '''Sulfonylureas'''</font>	+	|align = "center"|Multi wall nanotube
		+	|align = "center"|1200
		+	|align = "center"|150
		+	|align = "center"|2.6
	|-		|-
−	|'''First Generation'''	+	|align = "center"|Steel
−	|&nbsp;	+	|align = "center"|208
−	|&nbsp;	+	|align = "center"|0.4
−	|&nbsp;	+	|align = "center"|7.8
	|-		|-
−	|Acetohexomide	+	|align = "center"|Epoxy
−	|Dymelor	+	|align = "center"|3.5
−	|Eli Lilly	+	|align = "center"|0.005
−	|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J	+	|align = "center"|1.25
	|-		|-
−	|Chlorpropamide, Tolazamide	+	|align = "center"|Wood
−	|Diabenase	+	|align = "center"|16
−	|Pfizer	+	|align = "center"|0.008
−	|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J	+	|align = "center"|0.6
−	|-	+
−	|'''Second Generation'''	+
−	|&nbsp;	+
−	|&nbsp;	+
−	|&nbsp;	+
−	|-	+
−	|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)	+
−	|Diabeta	+
−	|Aventis	+
−	|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J	+
−	|-	+
−	|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)	+
−	|Micronase	+
−	|Pharmacia	+
−	|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J	+
−	|-	+
−	|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)	+
−	|Glynase	+
−	|Pharmacia	+
−	|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J	+
−	|-	+
−	|Glypizide	+
−	|Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL	+
−	|Pfizer	+
−	|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J	+
−	|-	+
−	|'''Third Generation'''	+
−	|&nbsp;	+
−	|&nbsp;	+
−	|&nbsp;	+
−	|-	+
−	|Glimepride	+
−	|Amaryl	+
−	|Aventis	+
−	|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J	+
−	|-	+
−	|colspan = "4" |<font color="#FF0000">'''Meglitnides'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|Repaglinide	+
−	|Prandin	+
−	|Novo Nordisk	+
−	|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J	+
−	|-	+
−	|Nateglinide	+
−	|Sralix	+
−	|Novartis	+
−	|US,UK, J	+
−	|-	+
−	|colspan = "4" |<font color="#FF0000">'''Biguanides'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|Metfromin	+
−	|Glucophage, Glucophage XR	+
−	|Bristol-Myers Squibb	+
−	|US	+
−	|-	+
−	|Metfromin	+
−	|&nbsp;	+
−	|&nbsp;	+
−	|&nbsp;	+
−	|-	+
−	|colspan = "4" |<font color="#FF0000">'''Thiazolidinediones'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|Rosiglitazone	+
−	|Avandia	+
−	|Glaxosmithkline	+
−	|US, G, UK	+
−	|-	+
−	|Pioglitazone	+
−	|Actos	+
−	|Takeda/ Eli Lilly	+
−	|US, UK, G, S, J	+
−	|-	+
−	|colspan = "4" |<font color="#FF0000">'''Alfa-Glucosidase Inhibitors'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|Acarbose	+
−	|Precose	+
−	|Bayer	+
−	|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J	+
−	|-	+
−	|Miglitol	+
−	|Glyset	+
−	|Pharmacia	+
−	|US, F, G, S	+
−	|-	+
−	|Voglibose	+
−	|Basen, Volix, Vogseal	+
−	|Ranbaxy, Nihon Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd	+
−	|I, J	+
−	|-	+
−	|colspan = "4"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|Sitgliptin	+
−	|Januvia	+
−	|Merck	+
−	|US	+
	|-		|-
	|}		|}
		+	[http://www.applied-nanotech.com/cntproperties.htm Source link]
		+	::* '''Electrical Properties''': Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties. For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n − m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is metallic, otherwise the nanotube is a semiconductor. Thus all armchair (n=m) nanotubes are metallic, and nanotubes (5,0), (6,4), (9,1), etc. are semiconducting. In theory, metallic nanotubes can have an electrical current density more than 1,000 times greater than metals such as silver and copper.
−	===Products: Fixed Drug Combinations===	+	=== Method of fabrication ===
−	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"	+	::* '''[http://nanotube.msu.edu/synthesis/ca.html Arc discharge]''': It is the simplest and most commonly used method of producing Carbon nanotubes.    This method creates CNTs through arc-vaporization of two carbon rods placed end to end, separated by approximately 1mm, in an enclosure that is usually filled with inert gas (helium, argon) at low pressure (between 50 and 700 mbar).
−	|align = "center" colspan = "4"|<font size = "4">'''Fixed Drug Combinations'''</font>	+	::* '''[http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1561 Laser ablation]''': In 1996, a dual-pulsed laser vaporization technique was developed, which produced SWNTs in gram quantities and yields of >70wt% purity.  Samples were prepared by laser vaporization of graphite rods with a 50:50 catalyst mixture of Co and Ni (particle size ~1um) at 1200oC in flowing argon, followed by heat treatment in a vacuum at 1000oC to remove the C60 and other fullerenes.
−	|-	+	::* '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_vapor_deposition Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)]''':Large amounts of CNTs can be formed by catalytic CVD of acetylene over Co and Fe catalysts supported on silica or zeolite.
−	|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Brand Name'''	+
−	|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug 1'''	+
−	|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug 2'''	+
−	|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Company'''	+
−	|-	+
−	|Metaglip	+
−	|Glipizide	+
−	|Metformin	+
−	|Bristol-Myers Squibb	+
−	|-	+
−	|Duetact	+
−	|Glimepiride	+
−	|Pioglitazone	+
−	|Takeda	+
−	|-	+
−	|Avandaryl	+
−	|Glimepiride	+
−	|Rosiglitazone	+
−	|GlaxoSmithKline	+
−	|-	+
−	|ACTOSPlusMet	+
−	|Pioglitazone	+
−	|Metformin	+
−	|Takeda	+
−	|-	+
−	|Avandamet	+
−	|Rosiglitazone	+
−	|Metformin	+
−	|GlaxoSmithKline	+
−	|-	+
−	|Janumet	+
−	|Sitgliptin	+
−	|Metformin	+
−	|Merck	+
−	|-	+
−	|}	+
−	===Product pipeline===	+	== Application of Carbon nanotubes ==
		+	::* '''Polymer Composites''': The first realized major commercial application of MWNTs is their use as electrically conducting components in polymer composites.Depending on the polymer matrix, conductivities of 0.01 to 0.1 S/cm can be obtained for 5% loading; much lower conductivity levels suffice for dissipating electrostatic charge. The low loading levels and the nanofiber morphology of the MWNTs allow electronic conductivity to be achieved while avoiding or minimizing degradation of other performance aspects, such as mechanical properties and the low melt flow viscosity needed for thin-wall molding applications.
		+	::* '''Electrochemical devices''': Because of the high electrochemically accessible surface area of porous nanotube arrays, combined with their high electronic conductivity and useful mechanical properties, these materials are attractive as electrodes for devices that use electrochemical double-layer charge injection.
		+	::* '''Hydrogen storage''': Nanotubes have been long heralded as potentially useful for hydrogen storage (for example, for fuel cells that power electric vehicles or laptop computers).
		+	::* '''Field emission devices''': Industrial and academic research activity on electronic devices has focused principally on using SWNTs and MWNTs as field emission electron sources for flat panel displays, lamps, gas discharge tubes providing surge protection, and x-ray and microwave generators.
		+	::* '''Nanometer-sized electronic devices''':
		+	::* '''Sensors and probes''': Possible chemical sensor applications of nonmetallic nanotubes are interesting, because nanotube electronic transport and thermopower (voltages between junctions caused by interjunction temperature differences) are very sensitive to substances that affect the amount of injected charge.The main advantages are the minute size of the nanotube sensing element and the correspondingly small amount of material required for a response.
−	[[Image:Roche.jpg|thumb|center|600px|]]	+	[http://www.eikos.com/articles/carbnano_routetoapp.pdf Source link]
−	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"	+
−	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3" |<font size = "4">'''Product Pipeline'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Drug'''	+
−	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Company'''	+
−	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Stage'''	+
−	|-	+	[[Image:Carbon Nanotube1.jpg|700 px|center|thumb|Map categorization for CNT]]
−	|align = "center" colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitor '''</font>:DPP-IV inactivates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an important mediator of blood glucose levels following meals. DPP-IV inhibitors have been clinically shown to provide long term improvement of glucose control without the risk of hypoglycemia, and to improve the function of pancreatic beta cells, the cells responsible for the production of insulin.	+
−	|-	+	== Top ongoing projects on CNT's ==
−	|align = "center"|ALS 2-0426	+	::*  The Ajayan group is using carbon nanotubes as templates and molds for fabricating nanowires, composites, and novel ceramic fibers.[http://www.rpi.edu/locker/38/001238/INDEX.HTM]
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.amgen.com/investors/pipe.jsp Alantos Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Servier]</u></font>	+	::* Dai group discovered how to grow nanotubes in specific directions and orientations on substrates using a chemical vapor deposition process.[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/chemistry/faculty/dai/group/]
−	|align = "center"|1	+	::* Smalley group is developing methods of production, purification, derivitization, analysis, and assembly of nanotubes to solve real world problems. [http://smalley.rice.edu/]
		+	::* Sun Research group is researching on polymeric nanocomposite materials based on carbon nanotubes and semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. [http://www.ces.clemson.edu/lemt/research.htm]
		+	::* Accelerator Laboratory,  the University of Helsinki is researching on Ion irradiation as a tool for studying and modifying properties of carbon nanotubes.[http://beam.acclab.helsinki.fi/nanotubes/]
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|PSN9301
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.osip.com/PSN9301 OSI]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|2
−	|-	+	== IP Activity on carbon nanotubes ==
−	|align = "center"|SYR-322	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0RSB/is_2006_Jan_21/ai_n16017480 Takeda]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|-	+	* Number of patents filled on nanotubes are increasing exponentially by years.
−	|align = "center"|R1579	+	* Last year i.e 2007, around 1450 patents are filled in this field.
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|1	+
−	|-	+	[[Image:report11.jpg|700px|center|thumb|IP Activity by year]]
−	|align = "center"|vildagliptin (Galvus)	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/newsroom/pressReleases/releaseDetail.jsp?PRID=1984 novartis]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|NDA submitted in March 2006	+
−	|-	+	* Major IPC classes with description is given.
−	|align = "center"|MP-513	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki> DPP IV Inhibitor
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|Preclinical
−	|-	+	[[Image:report3.jpg|700px|center|thumb|Top IPC]]
−	|align = "center"|Saxagliptin	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bms.com/research/content/data/pipeline.html Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Bristol-Myers Squibb]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Insulin sensitizer'''</font>
		+	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|S. no.
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|IPC Classification
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Description
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|ISIS 113715	+	|align = "center"|1
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|H01J
−	|align = "center"|3	+	|align = "center"|ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
−		+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|NCX 4016 (Nitric Oxide donating derivative of Acetyl Salicylic acid)
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nicox.com/update/NCX_4016.html NicOx]</u></font>
	|align = "center"|2		|align = "center"|2
−		+	|align = "center"|C01B
		+	|align = "center"|NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|DG070 inhibitors
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.develogen.com/en/prod_pipeline.php?hnav=2&tnav=0 Develogen AG]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|Preclinical
−
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|NovoNorm® (repaglinide)/Metformin
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=6 Novo Nordisk]</u></font>
	|align = "center"|3		|align = "center"|3
−		+	|align = "center"|H01L
		+	|align = "center"|SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Biguanides'''</font>	+	|align = "center"|4
		+	|align = "center"|B82B
		+	|align = "center"|NANOTECHNOLOGY
	|-		|-
		+	|align = "center"|5
		+	|align = "center"|H01M
		+	|align = "center"|BATTERIES OR FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
	|-		|-
−		+	|align = "center"|6
		+	|align = "center"|B01J
		+	|align = "center"|CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki> Metformin	+	|align = "center"|7
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|D01F
−	|align = "center"|1	+	|align = "center"|CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES, OR RIBBONS AND APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
−		+
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''GLP 1 Analogue / Agonists'''</font> GLP 1 Analogues have to be injected subcutaneously, Emisphere is working on an oral analogue	+	|align = "center"|8
−		+	|align = "center"|G01N
		+	|align = "center"|INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Abiglutide (716155)	+	|align = "center"|9
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf glaxosmithkline]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|B32B
−	|align = "center"|2	+	|align = "center"|LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|TH0318	+	|align = "center"|10
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.drugresearcher.com/news/ng.asp?id=58974-new-diabetic-drug Theratechnolgies]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|C08K
−	|align = "center"|1	+	|align = "center"|USE OF INORGANIC OR NON-MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AS COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS
−		+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Liraglutide (NN2211)	+	|}
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=4 Novo Nordisk]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|R1583
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|2
−	|-	+	* Hon Hai Prec Ind Co leads the number of patent filing by a great margin with their competitors.
−	|align = "center"|Oral GLP	+	* Samsung Electronics and Samsung SDI Co. Ltd. together contributes 148 patents.
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.emisphere.com/product_pipeline.asp Emisphere Technologies]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|1	+
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|PC-DAC™:Exendin-4
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://conjuchem.hyphenhealth.com/ ConjuChem]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|2
−	|-	+	[[Image:report4.jpg|700px|center|thumb|Top Assignee]]
−	|&nbsp;	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bms.com/research/content/data/pipeline.html Bristol-Myers Squibb ]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|Exploratory development	+
		+	==<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>==
		+	<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br>
		+	'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p>
		+	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
		+	|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center"  colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]'''
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|AVE0001A	+	| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
−	|align = "center"|2	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
−		+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki>GLP 1 Agonist	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
−	|align = "center"|2	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
−		+
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)  agonist/analogue'''</font>	+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
−		+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
		+	|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|CS-011 (Rivoglitazone)	+	|}
−	|align = "center"|Sankyo	+	<br>
−	|align = "center"|2	+	== Sample Analysis ==
		+	* Below is the link for sample spreadsheet analysis for Carbon nanotubes.
−	|-	+	[[Media:Sample taxomomy for carbon nano tubes.xls|Sample analysis on carbon nanotubes]]
−	|align = "center"|Metaglidasen(MBX 102)	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/26017.php Metabolex]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|-	+	== Dashboard ==
−	|align = "center"|MBX-2044	+	=== Dashboard Snapshots ===
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.metabolex.com/pipeline.html Metabolex]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|1	+
−	|-	+	[[Image:dashboard1.jpg|center|800px]]
−	|align = "center"|AVE8134	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|AVE0897
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|1
−	|-	+	[[Image:dashboard2.jpg|center|800px]]
−	|align = "center"|R1439, aleglitazar	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|AVE0847
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|2
−	|-	+	[[Image:dashboard3.jpg|center|800px]]
−	|align = "center"|SAR351034	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|Preclinical	+
−	|-	+	=== Link to Dashboard ===
−	|align = "center"|376501	+	[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=274 Dashboard for CNTs]
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|1	+
−	|-	+	== Carbon nanotube in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps (IPC H01J) ==
−	|align = "center"|625019	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|1	+
−	|-	+	=== IP Map ===
−	|align = "center"|677954	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|-	+	[[Image:Discharge lamps.jpg|500px|center|thumb|Map for electron emitter devices]]
−	|align = "center"|Avandia	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|-	+	=== IP Activity on carbon nanotubes in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps ===
−	|align = "center"|Avandia XR	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|PPAR Gamma Agonist <nowiki>+</nowiki> simvaststin
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|3
−	|-	+	[[Image:report6.jpg|500 px|center|thumb|IP activity by year]]
−	|align = "center"|MCC-555, Netoglitazone	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma, Novartis]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|&nbsp;	+
−	|-	+	[[Image:report5.jpg|500 px|center|thumb|Top Assignee]]
−	|align = "center"|Muraglitzar	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.drugs.com/nda/muraglitazar_041223.html Bristol-Myers Squibb ]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|-	+	=== Analysis ===
−	|align = "center"|R483	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.roche.com/pages/downloads/investor/pdf/praesentations/irp050504rdd14.pdf Roche]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
		+	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
		+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''S.no'''
		+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
		+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignee / Applicant'''
		+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Title'''
		+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Description of the device'''
		+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Use of CNT in it'''
		+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Technology Area'''
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|PPM-204	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|1
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wyeth.com/research/pipeline Wyeth]</u>, <u>[http://www.invitrogen.com/downloads/Discovery_Inhibitor_Oncogenic_B-RAF.pdf Plexxikon]</u></font>	+	|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7336028.PN.&OS=PN/7336028&RS=PN/7336028 US7336028B2]
−	|align = "center"|2	+	|align = "justify"|Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.
−		+	|align = "justify"|Electron emission device having multi-layered gate electrode structure
−		+	|align = "justify"|A multilayered electron emission device is described with a predetermined gap between the electrodes.
		+	|align = "justify"|Electron emission sources can be made up of CNTs.
		+	|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Oral glucokinase activator (GKA)'''</font>	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|2
−		+	|align = "justify"|US7315129B2
		+	|align = "justify"|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
		+	|align = "justify"|Plasma producing apparatus and doping apparatus
		+	|align = "justify"|A plasma chamber anad plasma appratus is described with two electrodes and sustrate and CNTs.
		+	|align = "justify"|CNTs are on the surface of the cathode electrode.
		+	|align = "justify"|Plasma Appratus
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|PSN010	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|3
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.osip.com/PSN010 OSI]</u></font>	+	|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7307432.PN.&OS=PN/7307432&RS=PN/7307432 US7307432B2]
−	|align = "center"|1	+	|align = "justify"|Yokogawa Electric Corporation
−		+	|align = "justify"|Electron beam generating apparatus and optical sampling apparatus using the same
		+	|align = "justify"|Optical sampling appratus with electrodes with deflection electrode and charge detection section.
		+	|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
		+	|align = "justify"|Optical sampling appratus.
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|R1511	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|4
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]</u></font>	+	|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7306503.PN.&OS=PN/7306503&RS=PN/7306503 US7306503B2]
−	|align = "center"|1	+	|align = "justify"|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
−		+	|align = "justify"|Method and apparatus of fixing carbon fibers on a substrate using an aerosol deposition process
		+	|align = "justify"|Appratus for manufacturing substate with carbon nanotubes in it.
		+	|align = "justify"|Arc dischage method is involved for producing CNTs and hence  forming it on substrate.
		+	|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''G protein-coupled Receptor(GPR) 119 Agonist'''</font>	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|5
−		+	|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7259510.PN.&OS=PN/7259510&RS=PN/7259510 US7259510B1]
		+	|align = "justify"|Agere Systems Inc.
		+	|align = "justify"|On-chip vacuum tube device and process for making device
		+	|align = "justify"|Microwave vacuum tube is described with electrodes and CNTs.
		+	|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
		+	|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|PSN821	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|6
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.osip.com/PSN010 OSI]</u></font>	+	|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7232987.PN.&OS=PN/7232987&RS=PN/7232987 US7232987B2]
−	|align = "center"|&nbsp;	+	|align = "justify"|None
−		+	|align = "justify"|Instrument and method to measure available light energy for photosynthesis
		+	|align = "justify"|A device to calculate and filter amout of light required and available for photosynthesis of plants.
		+	|align = "justify"|Photovoltaic material is made up of carbon nanotubes.
		+	|align = "justify"|Optical Instrument
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Antisense drug for Glucagon Receptor (GCGR)'''</font>	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|7
−		+	|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7161148.PN.&OS=PN/7161148&RS=PN/7161148 US7161148B1]
		+	|align = "justify"|Crystals and Technologies, Ltd.
		+	|align = "justify"|Tip structures, devices on their basis, and methods for their preparation
		+	|align = "justify"| A tip structure for an electron emissive device or a scanning probe device is described.
		+	|align = "justify"|At least one link of the tip structure is made up of Carbon naotubes.
		+	|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|ISIS 325568	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|8
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]</u></font>	+	|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7175494.PN.&OS=PN/7175494&RS=PN/7175494 US7175494B1]
−	|align = "center"|1	+	|align = "justify"|cDream Corporation
−		+	|align = "justify"|Forming carbon nanotubes at lower temperatures suitable for an electron-emitting device
		+	|align = "justify"|An electron emission device is described comprising of carbon nanotubes.
		+	|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotubes are manufactured at 300° C. to 500° C which makes them compatible with the thermal stress of the underlying substrate.
		+	|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Antisense drug for Glucocorticoid Receptor (GCCR)'''</font>	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|9
−		+	|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7161286.PN.&OS=PN/7161286&RS=PN/7161286 US7161286B2]
		+	|align = "justify"|Tsinghua University <nowiki>|</nowiki> Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd.
		+	|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotube array and method for making same
		+	|align = "justify"|A carbon nanotube-based device is described which includes a substrate and number of catalytic nano-sized particles.
		+	|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotubes are manufactured on the substrate.
		+	|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|ISIS 377131	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|10
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]</u></font>	+	|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7145528.PN.&OS=PN/7145528&RS=PN/7145528 US7145528B2]
−	|align = "center"|Preclinical	+	|align = "justify"|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
−		+	|align = "justify"|Display device and driving and controlling method therefor
		+	|align = "justify"|A display device with display panel is described and use of electron emitters.
		+	|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
		+	|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">''' Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor'''</font>	+	|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|11
−		+	|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7115863.PN.&OS=PN/7115863&RS=PN/7115863 US7115863B1]
		+	|align = "justify"|Hitachi, Ltd.
		+	|align = "justify"|Probe for scanning probe lithography and making method thereof
		+	|align = "justify"|A probe of scanning probe lithography is described
		+	|align = "justify"|Shaft of the probe is made up of Carbon nanaotubes.
		+	|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|AVE2268	+	|}
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|SAR 7226
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|Preclinical
−	|-	+	[[Media:Analysis_electrical.xls|Sample Analysis on use of Carbon nanotubes in discharge tubes and discharge lamps]]
−	|align = "center"|189075	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf Glaxosmithkline]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|869682
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf Glaxosmithkline]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|2
−	|-	+	[[Image:Analysis1.jpg|600px|center|thumb|Sample Analysis for discharge tubes and discharge lamps patents(30 patents)]]
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Growth hormone releasing analogue'''</font>	+
−	|-	+	== Key Players ==
−	|align = "center"|TH 9507	+	=== Universities ===
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.theratech.com/en/products-therapeutic-peptides/pipeline.php Theratechnolgies]</u></font>	+	* Universities play an important role in research and that's why it needs to be analyzed.
−	|align = "center"|&nbsp;	+	* Only 245 patents are filled by the universities research division.
		+	* But companies are dependent on them for research activities.
		+	* The analysis will give the insight of most involved university in terms of research on Carbon nanotubes.
−	|-	+	[[Image:report2.jpg|700 px|center|Top Universities|thumb|Number of patents by universities in Carbon nanotubes area]]
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Nitric oxide (NO) blocking agent'''</font>	+
−	|-	+	=== Companies ===
−	|align = "center"|NOX-700	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.medinox.com/news/press.htm Medinox]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|1 staretd in 2002	+
−	|-	+	* Large number of companies are now moving into this area.
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Antibody'''</font>	+	* Number of startups are coming into the picture.
		+	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Top Companies
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Number of patents filled
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|TRX4	+	|align = "center"|[http://www.foxconn.com/ Hon Hai Prec Ind Co]
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.btgplc.com/PartneredDevelopment/240/TRX4.html BTG]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|118
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−		+
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Selective inhibitor of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase)'''</font>	+	|align = "center"|[http://www.samsung.com Samsung Electronics]
		+	|align = "center"|77
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|CS-917	+	|align = "center"|[http://www.samsungsdi.com/contents/kr/main.jsp Samsung SDI Co. Ltd.]
−	|align = "center"|<u>[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/metabolic_disease.html Sankyo,Metabasis]</u>	+	|align = "center"|71
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−		+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|MB07803	+	|align = "center"|[http://www.sony.com Sony Corp.]
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/index.html metabasis, Daiichi Sankyo]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|70
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−		+
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD1) inhibitor'''</font>	+	|align = "center"|[http://www.toray.com/ Toray Industry]
−		+	|align = "center"|69
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|AMG 221	+	|align = "center"|[http://www.fujitsu.com/global/ Fujitsu Ltd.]
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://wwwext.amgen.com/science/pipe_AMG221.html Amgen, Biovitrum]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|68
−	|align = "center"|1	+
−		+
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB, also named hnRNP) inhibitor'''</font>	+	|align = "center"|[http://www.nec.com/ Nippon Electric Co.]
−		+	|align = "center"|64
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|&nbsp;	+	|align = "center"|[http://www.itri.org.tw/eng/research/nano/index.jsp Ind Tech Res Inst]
−	|align = "center"|Serono	+	|align = "center"|62
−	|align = "center"|1	+
	|-		|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Insulin Like Growth Factor 1'''</font>	+	|align = "center"|[http://www.imm.ac.cn/en/index.html Nat Inst for Materia]
		+	|align = "center"|59
	|-		|-
		+	|align = "center"|Others
		+	|align = "center"|58
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|IPLEX (Mecasermin rinfabate)	+	|}
−	|align = "center"|Glen Allen	+
−	|align = "center"|Orphan Drug Status	+
−	|-
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Newer Meglitinides'''</font>
−	|-
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|Nateglinide with insulin sensitizers
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.astellas.com/global/about/news/2006/pdf/061130_eg.pdf Astellas pharmas]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|SNDA Filed
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|Nateglinide with biguanides
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.astellas.com/global/about/news/2006/pdf/061130_eg.pdf Astellas pharmas]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|SNDA Filed
−	|-	+	== Market Research ==
−	|colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Islet Regeneration Factors'''</font>	+	=== Nanotechnology market ===
−	|-	+	* Nanotechnology is a growing market.
−	|-	+	* Lux Research (a market research company in nanotechnology) believes that market will reach from $13 billion in 2005 to $292 billion in 2010.
−	|-	+	* In 2015 market for nano materials will reach to $340 billion and electronics market will reach to $300 billion.
−	|align = "center"|DG770 (beta cell regeneration factor)	+	* US nanotech funding has increased from $270 million to $850 million.
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.develogen.com/en/prod_pipeline.php?hnav=2&tnav=0 Develogen AG]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|-	+	[[Image:lux1.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|Predictions of market by Lux research]]
−	|align = "center"|E1 INT (Islet regeneration)	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|-
−	|bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF6600">'''Miscellaneous'''</font>
		+	[[Image:lux3.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|US funding]]
−	|-
−	|align = "center"|AMG 837 (Potentiates Glucose Dependent Insulin Secretion)
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.amgen.com/science/pipe_amg837.html Amgen]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|1
−	|-	+	[[Image:lux2.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|Market by different categories]]
−	|align = "center"|MBX 213	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.metabolex.com/pipeline.html Metabolex]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|1	+
−	|-	+	=== Carbon Nanotubes market ===
−	|align = "center"|R 1499	+
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.roche.com/pages/downloads/investor/pdf/praesentations/irp050504rdd14.pdf Roche]</u></font>	+
−	|align = "center"|1	+	* Market size will increase from $6 million in 2004 to $1,070 million in 2014.
		+
		+
		+	[[Image:marketresearch.jpg|300 px|center|thumb|Carbon nanotubes market estimate]]
		+
		+	== Published Papers ==
		+	* Academic papers published on carbon nanotubes have been on the rise and patent filings have been keeping up with this upswing, says a review in the journal Science.
		+	* According to the review, around 1,500 scientific papers were published in 2001 compared to about 1,100 in 2000 and around 700 in 1999.
		+
		+	[http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2002/09/materials_nanot.html?t=archive Source]
		+
		+
		+
		+	== SWOT analysis on nanotechnology ==
		+	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Strength'''
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Weakness'''
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|R1438	+	|align = "center"|In nanomaterials research and development
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.roche.com/pages/downloads/investor/pdf/praesentations/irp050504rdd14.pdf Roche]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|Critical issues(ecological meltdown,poverty and disease)
−	|align = "center"|2	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|R1440	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In biomimetics research
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.roche.com/pages/downloads/investor/pdf/praesentations/irp050504rdd14.pdf Roche]</u></font>	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Lack of planet friendly scorecard for research
−	|align = "center"|2	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|PSN 357	+	|align = "center"|In nanoelectronics and IT research including quantum computing
−	|align = "center"|OSI	+	|align = "center"|No clear technology transfer routes to the less developed world.
−	|align = "center"|1	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|NBI 6024	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In nanophotovoltaic research
−	|align = "center"|Neurocrine Biosciences	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Fragmented research infrastructure
−	|align = "center"|2	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|MK 0941	+	|align = "center"|In nanosensors research and development
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf  Merck]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|Nationally variable industry pull through
−	|align = "center"|1	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|MK 1642	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In strong industrial base in instrumentation
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf  Merck]</u></font>	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Variable incentives/cultures for supporting start-ups
−	|align = "center"|1	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Mk 0533	+	|align = "center"|In nanomedicine
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf  Merck]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|Funding slow and bureaucratic
−	|align = "center"|2	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|MK0893	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In cultural differences resulting in imaginative approaches to results
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf  Merck]</u></font>	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|No wide support for individual genius
−	|align = "center"|2	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3"|<font color="#FF0000"><font size = "4">'''Insulins'''</font></font>	+	|align = "center"|In the ability to work in teams
		+	|align = "center"|Academic research often lags industry
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Oral Insulin	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Acceleration of new company formation underway
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_oi.asp Emisphere Technologies]</u></font>	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Funding may be duplicated
−	|align = "center"|2	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Technosphere	+	|align = "center"|Openness in developing and adopting environmentally friendly techniques
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mannkindcorp.com/technosphere_insulin.aspx Mannkind corporation]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|Lack of fiscal incentives for environmentally friendly techniques;also lack of legal incentives
−	|align = "center"|3	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|NN344 (Insulin analogue)	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Openness to developing technologies for the less developed regions
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=18 Novo Nordisk]</u></font>	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Critically slow emergence of technology from the research base
−	|align = "center"|1	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|NN5401(Insulin analogue)	+	|align = "center"|&nbsp;
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=19 Novo Nordisk]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|Lack of skilled staff
−	|align = "center"|1	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|AERx® iDMS (Insulin Inhalation system)	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Opportunities'''
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=5 Novo Nordisk]</u></font>	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Threats'''
−	|align = "center"|3	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Inhaled insulin	+	|align = "center"|The exploitation of planet and people friendly research
−	|align = "center"|Bristol Meyers Squibb	+	|align = "center"|Brain drain in life sciences,electronics,software and engineering
−	|align = "center"|1	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Inhaled insulin	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Development of widely available technologies(sensors,renewable energy,medicine etc.)
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://investor.lilly.com/pipeline.cfm Eli Lilly]</u></font>	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Public backlash to nanotechnology
−	|align = "center"|2	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Exubera (Inhaled insulin)	+	|align = "center"|Creation of new technologies(medical and non-medical)
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.pfizer.com/research/cardiovascular_condition.jsp Pfizer]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|Too little,too late, of the technologies that matter
−	|align = "center"|4	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Oal Lyn (Inhaled insulin)	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Reduction animal experimentation through cell-base toxicity testing
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.generex.com/products/oral-lyn/ http://www.generex.com/products/oral-lyn/]</u></font>	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|&nbsp;
−	|align = "center"|Approved in Ecuador	+
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|Nasulin	+	|align = "center"|Critical niche opportunities in areas such as lab-on-a-chip and sensor technology
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bentleypharm.com/other/pipeline Bentley]</u></font>	+	|align = "center"|&nbsp;
−	|align = "center"|2	+
	|}		|}
−	===Product Pathways===	+	== Conferences ==
−	[[Image:Product_map.jpg|thumb|center|900px| Product]]	+	* Major Conferences
−	[[Image:Product-map.jpg|thumb|center|900px| Product pipeline]]
−	==Intellectual Property==
−	===Search strategy===
−	* '''Database/Vendor:''' Micropat
−	* '''Search scope:''' US Granted US Applications EP-A EP-B WO JP (bibliographic data only) DE-C,B DE-A DE-T DE-U GB-A FR-A; '''English Title'''
−	* '''Years:''' '''Issue/Publication Date:''' >20051231
−	* '''Search String:''' (Diabetes OR diabetic) AND (treatment OR treating)
−	* '''Hits:''' 618/217 patents (with/with out family members)
−	* '''Date of search:''' 11 July 2007
−
−	===Top players and IPC classes===
−
−	[[Image:Diabetes- top players.jpeg|center|800 px|]]
−
−	====IPC code definition====
−
−	{|border="0" cellspacing="1" width="80%"
−	|'''A61K'''
−	|Preparations for medical, dental, or toilet purposes
−	|-
−	|'''C07D'''
−	|Heterocyclic compounds
−	|-
−	|'''C07K'''
−	|Peptides
−	|-
−	|'''C12N'''
−	|Micro-organisms or enzymes; compositions thereof
−	|-
−	|'''C12Q'''
−	|Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms  (immunoassay); compositions or test papers therefor; processes of preparing such compositions; condition-responsive control in microbiological or enzymological processes
−	|-
−	|}
−
−	===Geographical Distribution and Treatment Approaches===
−
−	[[Image:Diabetes -geographical.jpeg|center|800 px|]]
−
−	===IP activity and Treatment Approaches===
−	* Decline in the IP activity during 2005 and 2006 is due 18 months publication delay of patent document.
−	[[Image:Diabetes -year approach.jpeg|center|800 px|]]
−
−	==Clinical Trials==
−	===Approved/On-going===
	{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"		{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
−	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5"|<font size = "4">'''Clinical trials'''</font>	+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''S.no.'''
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Conference'''
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Location'''
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Date'''
		+	|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Email'''
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF">'''Drug'''</font>	+	|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|1
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF">'''Sponsors'''</font>	+	|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2008/ Nanotech 2008 - 11th Annual NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show]</u></font>
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF">'''Description'''</font>	+	|Boston,USA
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF">'''Phase'''</font>	+	|1-5June, 2008
−	|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF">'''Date of Start'''</font>	+	|bfr@nsti.org
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000"><font size = "4">'''Oral Drugs'''</font></font>	+	|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|2
		+	|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanoeurope.com/ NanoEurope 2008]</u></font>
		+	|St.Gallen, Switzerland
		+	|16-17 Sep, 2008
		+	|joerg.guettinger@ncb.ch
	|-		|-
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Cannabinoid receptor antagonist'''</font>	+	|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|3
−	|-	+	|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanotech.net/node/2 Nanotech Northern Europe 2008]</u></font>
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00478595?order=1 Rimonabant]	+	|Copenhagen,Denmark
−	|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis	+	|23-25 Sep, 2008
−	|align = "justify"|The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of SR141716 (rimonabant) compared to placebo on change in HbA1c and on relative change in body weight over 52 weeks in obese type 2 diabetic patients on monotherapy inadequately controlled with oral anti-diabetic drug (sulfonylurea or ?-glucosidase inhibitor).	+	|katriina.forsstrom@spinverse.com
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|align = "center"|May-07	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Insulin Sensitisers'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00353587?order=24 Metaglidasen]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Metabolex	+
−	|align = "justify"|	+
−	|align = "center"|2, 3	+
−	|align = "center"|May-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Thioglitazone'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00386100?order=1 Rosiglitazone maleate/metformin hydrochloride (AVANDAMET)]	+
−	|align = "justify"|GlaxoSmithKline	+
−	|align = "justify"|This study will evaluate the longer-term glycemic effect of two medicines approved for initial treatment of type 2 diabetes.	+
−	|align = "center"|4	+
−	|align = "center"|Oct-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00515632?order=8 Balaglitazone]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Rheoscience A/S	+
−	|align = "justify"|Balaglitazone is a thiazolidinedione derivative that is being developed as an oral anti-diabetic drug to improve blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to assess if additional treatment with balaglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes on stable insulin treatment will improve blood glucose control and decrease the daily insulin dose, but with less impact on weight gain and oedema.	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|align = "center"|Jul-07	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''(DPP-4) inhibitor'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00351884?order=18 Vildagliptin]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Novartis	+
−	|align = "justify"|This is a 24-week study to assess the efficacy on HbA1c of 100 mg vildagliptin once daily as compared to placebo as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controllled with metformin.	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|align = "center"|May-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Insulin'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00419562?order=1 Oral Insulin]	+
−	|align = "justify"|NIDDK, NICHD, NIAID, NICR, ADA, JDRF	+
−	|align = "justify"|N/A	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|align = "center"|Feb-07	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Potassium Channel Blocker'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00131755?order=1 Diazoxide]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Grill, Valdemar, M.D.	+
−	|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to find out if Diazoxide can partly retain insulin production in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients.	+
−	|align = "center"|4	+
−	|align = "center"|Feb-05	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Nutritional Agents'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00117026?order=1 Benfotiamine (Vitamin B1)]	+
−	|align = "justify"|University Hospital, Aker, The Research Council of Norway	+
−	|align = "justify"|N/A	+
−	|align = "center"|1, 2	+
−	|align = "center"|Aug-05	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00333554?order=1 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]	+
−	|align = "justify"|NIDDK	+
−	|align = "justify"|N/A	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|align = "center"| June 2006	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00400491?order=1 Vitamin D]	+
−	|align = "justify"|University of Tromso	+
−	|align = "justify"|The purpose of the study is to evaluate if supplementation with vitamin D in a dose of 40.000 IU per week will result in improved metablic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|align = "center"|Jun-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00351234?order=25 Carnitine Supplementation]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Children<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Mercy Hospital Kansas City,Sigma Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Minimed Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacia/Upjohn Career Development Award	+
−	|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine whether type I diabetics with carnitine deficiency exhibit increased numbers of hypoglycemic (low blood sugars) events and if unrecognized hypoglycemia occurs during continuous 72-hour glucose monitoring. If they are determined to have unrecognized hypoglycemia, then oral carnitine supplementation will be given to those subjects and they will be reassessed for the number of hypoglycemic events in a 72-hour glucose monitoring.	+
−	|align = "center"|	+
−	|align = "center"|Oct-04	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Antiinflammatory'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00339833?order=63 Salsalate]	+
−	|align = "justify"|NIDDK,National Institutes of Health Clinical Center	+
−	|align = "justify"|This study, conducted at the Phoenix Indian Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, will determine whether reducing subclinical inflammation lessens insulin resistance in healthy, obese volunteers.	+
−	|align = "center"|4	+
−	|align = "center"|Mar-03	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Angiotensin (AT 2) Antagonist/blocker'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"| Olmesartan	+
−	|align = "justify"|Daiichi Sankyo Inc	+
−	|align = "justify"|N/A	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|align = "center"|Oct-04	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00422487?order=35 MBX-2044]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Metabolex	+
−	|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to collect important information regarding the glucose-lowering efficacy of MBX-2044 and the safety of MBX-2044 (especially weight gain and edema) in diabetics. It will also provide important information about the appropriate doses to be used in subsequent longer-term studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MBX-2044 alone and in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|align = "center"|Oct-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00473525?order=39 PF-00734200]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Pfizer	+
−	|align = "justify"|The purpose of this Phase 2a study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability, of multiple parallel doses of PF-00734200 following oral administration to adult human subjects with T2DM who currently are on a stable dose of metformin.	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|align = "center"|Jun-07	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00391196?order=41 CP-945,598]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Pfizer	+
−	|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine if CP-945,598 is effective in the treatment of obesity in type 2 diabetic patients	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|align = "center"|Nov-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00147745?order=46 WelChol® (colesevelam)]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Daiichi Sankyo Inc	+
−	|align = "justify"|This study is designed to assess the potential mechanism of action by which WelChol® (colesevelam) may improve blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|align = "center"|May-05	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00461006?order=61 Aleglitazar and Actos®]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Hoffmann-La Roche	+
−	|align = "justify"|This study will compare the effects of aleglitazar and Actos®, added to preexisting oral antihyperglycemic therapy and/or diet and exercise, on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes, and normal or mildly impaired renal function.	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|align = "center"| June 2007	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00328172?order=67 BI 1356 BS]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals	+
−	|align = "justify"|The objective of this monotherapy study is to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 3 doses of BI 1356 BS compared to placebo over 12 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and insufficient control of thier blood glucose. In addition, there will be an open-label treatment arm with metformin. The hypothesis of the trial is that the test drug, BI 1356 BS will lead to better control of blood glucose compared to placebo after 12 weeks of treatment.	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|align = "center"|May-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00357370?order=84 BMS-512148]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Bristol-Myers Squibb	+
−	|align = "justify"|The purpose of this clinical research study is to learn if BMS-512148, added to insulin and one or two anti-diabetes medications (metformin and/or pioglitazone or rosiglitazone), can help reduce the blood sugar levels compared to insulin and one or two anti-diabetes medications (metformin and/or pioglitazone or rosiglitazone) alone, in subjects with type 2 diabetes.	+
−	|align = "center"|2, 3	+
−	|align = "center"| October 2006	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000"><font size = "4">'''Parenteral routes'''</font></font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Insulins'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00349986?order=3 Insuline glargine]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis	+
−	|align = "justify"|Purpose ogf this study is to determine rhe first dose and titration of basal insulin	+
−	|align = "center"|4	+
−	|align = "center"|May-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00360698?order=2 Basal Insulin Plus Insulin Glulisine]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis	+
−	|align = "justify"|To evaluate the efficacy of a single injection of glulisine before the main meal added to insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) compared to insulin glargine plus OADs in Type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with basal insulin plus OADs.	+
−	|align = "center"|4	+
−	|align = "center"|Jul-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00282971?order=10 Inhaled Insulin (Exubera)]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Pfizer	+
−	|align = "justify"|To assess the impact on glucose control by inhaled insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not well controlled on 2 or more oral anti-diabetic agents	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|align = "center"|Mar-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00325364?order=1 Insulin Inhalation Powder]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Eli Lilly and Company	+
−	|align = "justify"|This is a phase 3, open-label, randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Lilly/Alkermes inhaled insulin system compared to injected pre-meal insulin in non-smoking patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients will be treated for 24 months with a 2-month follow-up period.	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|align = "center"|Apr-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00455858?order=51 Levemir]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Novo Nordisk	+
−	|align = "justify"|This trial aims for a comparison of the effect on glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes under both established Western algorithm and Korean practical algorithm, given in combination with oral diabetic drug(s)	+
−	|align = "center"|4	+
−	|align = "center"|Aug-07	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00228878?order=69 Pulsatile IV Insulin]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Florida Atlantic University	+
−	|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine if restoring normal metabolic function in patients with either type I or type II diabetes can improve the impact of the consequences of diabetic complications on the overall quality of life of diabetic patients. Patients are treated once a week with pulsatile intravenous insulin therapy mimicking normal insulin secretion.	+
−	|align = "center"|2, 3	+
−	|align = "center"|Mar-03	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Incretin Minetic'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00360334?order=9 Exenatide With Basal Insulin]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly	+
−	|align = "justify"|This is a phase 3 trial designed to compare the effects of twice daily exenatide plus oral antidiabetic agents (OADs) and once-daily insulin glargine plus OADs with respect to glycemic control, as measured by hemoglobin A1c, with minimum weight gain, in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on OADs.	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|align = "center"|Jun-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00456300?order=1 Exenatide]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Baylor College of Medicine, NIH	+
−	|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to see if giving exenatide and insulin before a meal would lower blood sugars after the meal.	+
−	|align = "center"|4	+
−	|align = "center"|Mar-07	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00434954?order=11 Exenatide Plus Metformin vs. Insulin Aspart Plus Metformin]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly	+
−	|align = "justify"|This study in Germany is designed to compare the effects of twice-daily exenatide plus metformin and twice-daily premixed human insulin aspart plus metformin with respect to glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c, combined with the percentage of patients with at least one treatment-emergent hypoglycemic episode. Patients will be treated with study therapy for approximately 26 weeks.	+
−	|align = "center"|3	+
−	|align = "center"|Feb-07	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00451113?order=1 Sitigliptin]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Merck Frosst Canada Ltd, University of British Columbia	+
−	|align = "justify"|	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|align = "center"|Nov-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000">'''Antibodies'''</font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00129259?order=1 hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala)]	+
−	|align = "justify"|NIAID	+
−	|align = "justify"|hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala) is a man-made antibody that is commonly used to prevent organ rejection. The purpose of this study is determine whether hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala) can halt the progression of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.	+
−	|align = "center"|2	+
−	|align = "center"|Sep-05	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00279305?order=1 Anti-CD20 (rituximab)]	+
−	|align = "justify"|NIDDK, NICHD, NIAID, NICR, ADA, JDRF	+
−	|align = "justify"|This study will investigate the use of rituximab to see if it can help lower the number of immune B cells thereby preventing the destruction of any remaining insulin producing beta cells that remain at diagnosis.	+
−	|align = "center"|2, 3	+
−	|align = "center"|Dec-06	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "center" colspan = "5"|<font color="#FF0000"><font size = "4">'''Surgical'''</font></font>	+
−	|-	+
−	|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00303134?order=1 Islet Cell Transplants]	+
−	|align = "justify"|Weill Medical College of Cornell University	+
−	|align = "justify"|	+
−	|align = "center"|1	+
−	|align = "center"|Aug-03	+
	|-		|-
	|}		|}
−	==Conferences==	+	* Complete list of Nanotechnology Conferences
−	* [http://www.keystonesymposia.org/Meetings/ViewMeetings.cfm?MeetingID=922 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Action and Resistance] at Breckenridge, Colorado from January 22 - 27, 2008	+	http://www.allconferences.com/Science/Nanotechnology/
−	* [http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Professionals/Conferences_and_events/Annual-Professional-Conference-2008/ Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference 2008] at Glasgow from 05 Mar 2008 09:00 to 07 Mar 2008 17:00	+
−	* [http://www.conferencealerts.com/seeconf.mv?q=ca13a3h0 7th International Diabetes Federation Western Pacific Region Congress] at  Wellington, New Zealand on 30 Mar 2008.	+
−	* [http://debussy.hon.ch/cgi-bin/confevent?aff2+CONF07692+Diabetes_Mellitus 1st International Conference on Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes] at Czech Republic during 27 Feb to 01 Mar 2008.	+
−	* [http://www.goingtomeet.com/conventions/details/5301 Discovery Strategies Conference: Modeling Human Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Rodents] at US during Aug-05-2007.	+
−	* [http://www.goingtomeet.com/conventions/details/15113 7th International Conference for Clinical Endocrinology,Diabetes and Infertility] at Egypt during Sep-06-2007.	+
−	* [http://www.diabetes.ca/section_professionals/confindex.asp CDA/CSEM Professional Conference and Annual Meetings] at British Columbia during October 24-27, 2007.	+
−		+
−	===Conference Update: [http://www.diabetes.org/home.jsp American Diabetic Association 2007] ===	+
−	==== Conference highlights for Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ====	+
−		+
−	# [[Oral_Diabetes_Drugs#Products:_Oral_Hypoglycemic_Agents|Oral hypoglecemic agents]] and their role in diabetes treatment. The focus was the recent meta analysis published in [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/356/24/2457?ijkey=9288cc5edfcb35c1e7f1bd5d974d1169d64cea0b NEJM], showing increase CV mortality with Rosiglitazone. The panel consensus was that while awaiting more safety data, for now those patients who are tolerating Rosiglitazone should continue taking them, whereas newly diagnosed patients should try alternative treatment. Also all PPAR agonists should be treated as distinct entities rather than having class effect.	+
−	# 12 different [[Oral_Diabetes_Drugs#Products:_Oral_Hypoglycemic_Agents| diabetes products]] are in various stages of development, and there were about 55 abstracts talking about DPP–IV inhibitors. They are especially useful for:	+
−	#* The elderly	+
−	#* Those with renal insufficiency	+
−	#* Heart failure patients	+
−	#[http://www.amylin.com/pipeline/symlin.cfm Amyline] analogue (Pramlinitide) was combined with Insulin for treatment of Type 2 DM and results were favorable.	+
−	# Continuous glucose monitoring using implanted glucose sensors is a step forward in evolving technology. Yet it is still very expensive and best for highly trained patients on intensive insulin therapy.	+

---

Revision as of 23:39, 5 August 2009

Introduction

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale, normally 1 to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of devices with critical dimensions that lie within that size range.

Run of Nanotechnology

• December 29, 1959: The first thought of Nanotechnology was given by Richard Feynman in "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech.
• September, 1981: First technical paper published on molecular nanotechnology. The same year scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented.
• 1982-1990:Books and prizes on nanotechnology. Atomic force microscope invented in 1986.
• 1991: Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) discovered.
• 1997: First company on nanotechnology founded, it's name is Zyvex.
• 1998-2007: Research, investment, conferences and meetings on nanotechnology.

Applications of Nanotechnology

It has or will have applications in almost all areas we can think of.

Environment and Energy	Medical and Health	Electronics and Computers	Space, Aircraft and Transportation	Materials and Manufacturing
Clean Technology Reducing Global Warming Eco-friendly and Efficient Energy Eco-friendly Coatings Lotus-effect Surfaces Self-cleaning Glass Environmental Monitoring Remediation of Soil Remediation and Treatment of Water	Lab-on-a-chip: The Analytical Revolution Nanoparticles and Drug Delivery Nanoparticles and Gene Therapy Textured Surfaces for Tissue Regeneration Nanorobot Therapeutics	Desktop Manufacturing Electronic Paper Nanoelectronics and Computing Assemblers and Self-replicators Molecular Electronics	Space and Aeronautics Automobiles Transportation Infrastructure	New and Nanostructured Materials Nano-engineered Advanced Materials NanoGold: Carbon Nanotubes Potential Industrial Applications

(Source link)

• Aerospace

• Space Elevators
• Spaceship
• Solar Sails
• Biorobots

• Medicine

• Identifying location of cancer cells. [1]
• Delivering chemotherapy drugs directly to cancer cells.[2]
• Nanoshells that concentrate the heat from infrared light to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells. [3]
• Nanotubes used in broken bones to provide a structure for new bone material to grow.[4]
• Nanoparticles that can attach to cells infected with various diseases and allow a lab to identify, in a blood sample, the particular disease.[5]

• Food Storage

• Clay nanocomposites are being used to provide an impermeable barrier to gasses such as oxygen or carbon dioxide in lightweight bottles, cartons and packaging films.
• Food storage bins are being produced with silver nanoparticles embedded in the plastic. The silver nanoparticles kill bacteria from any food that was previously stored in the bins, minimizing health risks from harmful bacteria.[6]
• It is possible to use nanosensors in plastic packaging to detect gases given off by food when it spoils. The packaging itself changes color to alert you to food gone bad.

• Agriculture

• Food will be more tastier and healthier using nanaotechnology.[7]
• Research is also being conducted to develop nanocapsules containing nutrients that would be released when nanosensors detect a vitamin deficiency in your body.
• Researchers are also working on pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles; that only release pesticide within an insect’s stomach, minimizing the contamination of plants themselves.
• Another development being persued is a network of nanosensors and dispensers used throughout a food crop. The sensors recognize when a plant needs nutrients or water, before there is any sign that the plant is deficient. The dispensers then release fertilizer, nutrients, or water as needed, optimizing the growth of each plant in the field one by one.

• Chemistry

• Nanoparticles can be used as catalyst for chemical reactions.
• Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical vapors.[8]
• ZnO nanowires may lead to better chemical sensors, high-speed electronics.[9]
• Palladium nanoparticle hydrogen sensor.[10]

• Semiconductor devices

• NEMS
• OLED
• Memory chips
• Nanoemmissive display panel
• 45 nm wide transistor gates
• Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM)
• Nanoscale integrated circuits

• Optics

• The first sunglasses using protective and antireflective ultrathin polymer coatings are on the market.
• Nanotechnology also offers scratch resistant surface coatings based on nanocomposites.
• Nano-optics could allow for an increase in precision of pupil repair and other types of laser eye surgery.

• Textile

• The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free.
• Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures.
• Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full-surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer.

• Consumer products

• Nanotechnology is now entered in almost all consumer products,for details see [11]

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Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) are cylindrical shaped allotrope of carbon with length to diameter ratio exceeding 1,000,000.

Such cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science. They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of heat.

Types

1. Single-walled CNT's: This type of nanotube can be formed by rolling Graphene sheet. Graphene is a single planar sheet of sp²-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Types of Single-walled CNT's:
   • Zig-zag(n,0)
   • Armchair(n,n)
   • Chiral(2n,n)
2. Multi-walled: Multi-walled nanotubes(MWNT) consist of multiple layers of graphite rolled in on themselves to form a tube shape.
3. Fullerite: Fullerites are the solid-state manifestation of fullerenes and related compounds and materials. Being highly incompressible nanotube forms, polymerized single-walled nanotubes (P-SWNT) are a class of fullerites and are comparable to diamond in terms of hardness.
4. Torus: A nanotorus is a theoretically described carbon nanotube bent into a torus (doughnut shape).
5. Nanobud: The material fullerene-like "buds" are covalently bonded to the outer sidewalls of the underlying carbon nanotube. This hybrid material has useful properties of both fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.

Properties

• Physical Properties

Material	Young’s modulus (GPa)	Tensile Strength (GPa)	Density (g/cm3)
Single wall nanotube	1054	150	N/A
Multi wall nanotube	1200	150	2.6
Steel	208	0.4	7.8
Epoxy	3.5	0.005	1.25
Wood	16	0.008	0.6

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• Electrical Properties: Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties. For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n − m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is metallic, otherwise the nanotube is a semiconductor. Thus all armchair (n=m) nanotubes are metallic, and nanotubes (5,0), (6,4), (9,1), etc. are semiconducting. In theory, metallic nanotubes can have an electrical current density more than 1,000 times greater than metals such as silver and copper.

Method of fabrication

• Arc discharge: It is the simplest and most commonly used method of producing Carbon nanotubes. This method creates CNTs through arc-vaporization of two carbon rods placed end to end, separated by approximately 1mm, in an enclosure that is usually filled with inert gas (helium, argon) at low pressure (between 50 and 700 mbar).
• Laser ablation: In 1996, a dual-pulsed laser vaporization technique was developed, which produced SWNTs in gram quantities and yields of >70wt% purity. Samples were prepared by laser vaporization of graphite rods with a 50:50 catalyst mixture of Co and Ni (particle size ~1um) at 1200oC in flowing argon, followed by heat treatment in a vacuum at 1000oC to remove the C60 and other fullerenes.
• Chemical vapor deposition (CVD):Large amounts of CNTs can be formed by catalytic CVD of acetylene over Co and Fe catalysts supported on silica or zeolite.

Application of Carbon nanotubes

• Polymer Composites: The first realized major commercial application of MWNTs is their use as electrically conducting components in polymer composites.Depending on the polymer matrix, conductivities of 0.01 to 0.1 S/cm can be obtained for 5% loading; much lower conductivity levels suffice for dissipating electrostatic charge. The low loading levels and the nanofiber morphology of the MWNTs allow electronic conductivity to be achieved while avoiding or minimizing degradation of other performance aspects, such as mechanical properties and the low melt flow viscosity needed for thin-wall molding applications.
• Electrochemical devices: Because of the high electrochemically accessible surface area of porous nanotube arrays, combined with their high electronic conductivity and useful mechanical properties, these materials are attractive as electrodes for devices that use electrochemical double-layer charge injection.
• Hydrogen storage: Nanotubes have been long heralded as potentially useful for hydrogen storage (for example, for fuel cells that power electric vehicles or laptop computers).
• Field emission devices: Industrial and academic research activity on electronic devices has focused principally on using SWNTs and MWNTs as field emission electron sources for flat panel displays, lamps, gas discharge tubes providing surge protection, and x-ray and microwave generators.
• Nanometer-sized electronic devices:
• Sensors and probes: Possible chemical sensor applications of nonmetallic nanotubes are interesting, because nanotube electronic transport and thermopower (voltages between junctions caused by interjunction temperature differences) are very sensitive to substances that affect the amount of injected charge.The main advantages are the minute size of the nanotube sensing element and the correspondingly small amount of material required for a response.

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Top ongoing projects on CNT's

• The Ajayan group is using carbon nanotubes as templates and molds for fabricating nanowires, composites, and novel ceramic fibers.[12]
• Dai group discovered how to grow nanotubes in specific directions and orientations on substrates using a chemical vapor deposition process.[13]
• Smalley group is developing methods of production, purification, derivitization, analysis, and assembly of nanotubes to solve real world problems. [14]
• Sun Research group is researching on polymeric nanocomposite materials based on carbon nanotubes and semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. [15]
• Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Helsinki is researching on Ion irradiation as a tool for studying and modifying properties of carbon nanotubes.[16]

IP Activity on carbon nanotubes

• Number of patents filled on nanotubes are increasing exponentially by years.
• Last year i.e 2007, around 1450 patents are filled in this field.

• Major IPC classes with description is given.

S. no.	IPC Classification	Description
1	H01J	ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
2	C01B	NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
3	H01L	SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES
4	B82B	NANOTECHNOLOGY
5	H01M	BATTERIES OR FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
6	B01J	CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
7	D01F	CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES, OR RIBBONS AND APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
8	G01N	INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
9	B32B	LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
10	C08K	USE OF INORGANIC OR NON-MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AS COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS

• Hon Hai Prec Ind Co leads the number of patent filing by a great margin with their competitors.
• Samsung Electronics and Samsung SDI Co. Ltd. together contributes 148 patents.

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Sample Analysis

• Below is the link for sample spreadsheet analysis for Carbon nanotubes.

Sample analysis on carbon nanotubes

Dashboard

Dashboard Snapshots

Link to Dashboard

Dashboard for CNTs

Carbon nanotube in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps (IPC H01J)

IP Map

IP Activity on carbon nanotubes in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps

Analysis

S.no	Patent/Publication No.	Assignee / Applicant	Title	Description of the device	Use of CNT in it	Technology Area
1	US7336028B2	Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.	Electron emission device having multi-layered gate electrode structure	A multilayered electron emission device is described with a predetermined gap between the electrodes.	Electron emission sources can be made up of CNTs.	Electron emission device
2	US7315129B2	Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.	Plasma producing apparatus and doping apparatus	A plasma chamber anad plasma appratus is described with two electrodes and sustrate and CNTs.	CNTs are on the surface of the cathode electrode.	Plasma Appratus
3	US7307432B2	Yokogawa Electric Corporation	Electron beam generating apparatus and optical sampling apparatus using the same	Optical sampling appratus with electrodes with deflection electrode and charge detection section.	Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.	Optical sampling appratus.
4	US7306503B2	Canon Kabushiki Kaisha	Method and apparatus of fixing carbon fibers on a substrate using an aerosol deposition process	Appratus for manufacturing substate with carbon nanotubes in it.	Arc dischage method is involved for producing CNTs and hence forming it on substrate.	Manufacturing and Processing of CNT’s
5	US7259510B1	Agere Systems Inc.	On-chip vacuum tube device and process for making device	Microwave vacuum tube is described with electrodes and CNTs.	Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.	Electron emission device
6	US7232987B2	None	Instrument and method to measure available light energy for photosynthesis	A device to calculate and filter amout of light required and available for photosynthesis of plants.	Photovoltaic material is made up of carbon nanotubes.	Optical Instrument
7	US7161148B1	Crystals and Technologies, Ltd.	Tip structures, devices on their basis, and methods for their preparation	A tip structure for an electron emissive device or a scanning probe device is described.	At least one link of the tip structure is made up of Carbon naotubes.	Electron emission device
8	US7175494B1	cDream Corporation	Forming carbon nanotubes at lower temperatures suitable for an electron-emitting device	An electron emission device is described comprising of carbon nanotubes.	Carbon nanotubes are manufactured at 300° C. to 500° C which makes them compatible with the thermal stress of the underlying substrate.	Electron emission device
9	US7161286B2	Tsinghua University | Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd.	Carbon nanotube array and method for making same	A carbon nanotube-based device is described which includes a substrate and number of catalytic nano-sized particles.	Carbon nanotubes are manufactured on the substrate.	Manufacturing and Processing of CNT’s
10	US7145528B2	Canon Kabushiki Kaisha	Display device and driving and controlling method therefor	A display device with display panel is described and use of electron emitters.	Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.	Electron emission device
11	US7115863B1	Hitachi, Ltd.	Probe for scanning probe lithography and making method thereof	A probe of scanning probe lithography is described	Shaft of the probe is made up of Carbon nanaotubes.	Manufacturing and Processing of CNT’s

Sample Analysis on use of Carbon nanotubes in discharge tubes and discharge lamps

Key Players

Universities

• Universities play an important role in research and that's why it needs to be analyzed.
• Only 245 patents are filled by the universities research division.
• But companies are dependent on them for research activities.
• The analysis will give the insight of most involved university in terms of research on Carbon nanotubes.

Companies

• Large number of companies are now moving into this area.
• Number of startups are coming into the picture.

Top Companies	Number of patents filled
Hon Hai Prec Ind Co	118
Samsung Electronics	77
Samsung SDI Co. Ltd.	71
Sony Corp.	70
Toray Industry	69
Fujitsu Ltd.	68
Nippon Electric Co.	64
Ind Tech Res Inst	62
Nat Inst for Materia	59
Others	58

Market Research

Nanotechnology market

• Nanotechnology is a growing market.
• Lux Research (a market research company in nanotechnology) believes that market will reach from $13 billion in 2005 to $292 billion in 2010.
• In 2015 market for nano materials will reach to $340 billion and electronics market will reach to $300 billion.
• US nanotech funding has increased from $270 million to $850 million.

Carbon Nanotubes market

• Market size will increase from $6 million in 2004 to $1,070 million in 2014.

Published Papers

• Academic papers published on carbon nanotubes have been on the rise and patent filings have been keeping up with this upswing, says a review in the journal Science.
• According to the review, around 1,500 scientific papers were published in 2001 compared to about 1,100 in 2000 and around 700 in 1999.

Source

SWOT analysis on nanotechnology

Strength	Weakness
In nanomaterials research and development	Critical issues(ecological meltdown,poverty and disease)
In biomimetics research	Lack of planet friendly scorecard for research
In nanoelectronics and IT research including quantum computing	No clear technology transfer routes to the less developed world.
In nanophotovoltaic research	Fragmented research infrastructure
In nanosensors research and development	Nationally variable industry pull through
In strong industrial base in instrumentation	Variable incentives/cultures for supporting start-ups
In nanomedicine	Funding slow and bureaucratic
In cultural differences resulting in imaginative approaches to results	No wide support for individual genius
In the ability to work in teams	Academic research often lags industry
Acceleration of new company formation underway	Funding may be duplicated
Openness in developing and adopting environmentally friendly techniques	Lack of fiscal incentives for environmentally friendly techniques;also lack of legal incentives
Openness to developing technologies for the less developed regions	Critically slow emergence of technology from the research base
	Lack of skilled staff
Opportunities	Threats
The exploitation of planet and people friendly research	Brain drain in life sciences,electronics,software and engineering
Development of widely available technologies(sensors,renewable energy,medicine etc.)	Public backlash to nanotechnology
Creation of new technologies(medical and non-medical)	Too little,too late, of the technologies that matter
Reduction animal experimentation through cell-base toxicity testing
Critical niche opportunities in areas such as lab-on-a-chip and sensor technology

Conferences

• Major Conferences

S.no.	Conference	Location	Date	Email
1	Nanotech 2008 - 11th Annual NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show	Boston,USA	1-5June, 2008	bfr@nsti.org
2	NanoEurope 2008	St.Gallen, Switzerland	16-17 Sep, 2008	joerg.guettinger@ncb.ch
3	Nanotech Northern Europe 2008	Copenhagen,Denmark	23-25 Sep, 2008	katriina.forsstrom@spinverse.com

• Complete list of Nanotechnology Conferences

http://www.allconferences.com/Science/Nanotechnology/

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