Difference between pages "Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System" and "Bio-PET"

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PET (Polyethyeleneterephthalate) is used in a variety of applications, especially in the making of durable bottles. There is a significant increase in interest of late in producing PET from renewable sources.
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== Introduction ==
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Transportation accounts for 41% of the sources of global warming. Electric vehicles can help dramatically reduce the production of greenhouse gases. Battery systems are the key to the success of electric vehicle technology.
+
  
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This report describes the technology and patenting trends related to the battery systems used in hybrid vehicles. It also describes in detail the various technical challenges faced by designers of these batteries and the innovative solutions proposed for them. The report also covers the techniques used by Nissan and Toyota's vehicles in this domain.
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This report describes the various techniques being used in the production of PET from sources such as cellulose. The report covers:
 +
# Various pathways for production of PET from renewable sources
 +
# All the catalysts (e.g. Hydrogen, Sodium, etc.) and techniques (e.g. catalytic dehydration) used in production of each of the intermediate compounds (e.g. ethylene glycol)
 +
# Search strategies for patents for the various pathways and methods for production of ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate, which are then used to produce PET
 +
# Classification and in-depth analysis of the patents
 +
# Presentation of results of the patent analysis on the Dolcera dashboard
  
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== Rationale ==
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=Pathways for production of Polyethyeleneterephthalate=
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[[image:globalwarming.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Global warming emissions by sector]]
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[[Image:bio pet1.jpg|thumb|center|1500px|'''Pathways for preparation of PET''']]
 +
==Polyethylene terephthalate==
 +
[[Image:PET.jpg|thumb|center|350px]]
 +
*Polyethylene terephthalate'''( (C'''<sub>'''10'''</sub>'''H'''<sub>'''8'''</sub>'''O'''<sub>'''4'''</sub>''')'''<sub>'''n'''</sub>''')''' (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), is also abbreviated as  PET, PETE, or PETP or PET-P)
 +
*Some of the trade names of PET products are Dacron, Diolen, Tergal, Terylene, and Trevira fibers,  Cleartuf, Eastman PET and Polyclear bottle resins, Hostaphan, Melinex, and Mylar films, and Arnite, Ertalyte, Impet, Rynite and Valox injection molding resins.<br>
 +
*The materials that can be prepared using PET are bottles, tapes, films or pulled into fibers that are pressed into meshes or woven into fabrics.
 +
===Preparation of Polyethyleneterephthalate===
 +
* Polyethyleneterephthalate is prepared by reacting Dimethylterephthalate with Ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst. Dimethylterephthalate is obtained by treating Terephthalic acid with methanol. The catalyst is a salt of a metal like calcium, barium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, manganese, tin, zinc and chromium and a material selected from the group consisting of hydroxybenzophenone carboxylic acids and hydroxyacetophenone carboxylic acids. [[Media:polyethyleneterephthalate1.pdf|Source]]<br>
 +
'''(Terephthalic acid) + 2CH<sub>3</sub>OH →  (Dimethylterephthalate)'''
  
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* Automobiles are a source of considerable pollution at the global level, including a significant fraction of the total greenhouse gas emissions.
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'''(Dimethylterephthalate) + CH<sub>2</sub>(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>(OH) + Catalyst → (Polyethyleneterephthalate)'''
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* On July 22, 2002 California Governor Gray Davis signed into law AB 1493 (commonly known as the "Pavley law") — precedent-setting legislation to reduce global warming pollution from motor vehicles.
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* This bill directs the California Air Resources Board (CARB) to develop and adopt regulations that achieve the maximum feasible and cost-effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from passenger cars and light trucks sold in California.
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== New Developments ==
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==Ethylene glycol==
 +
[[Image:Ethylene glycol.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Ethylene glycol]]
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*Ethylene glycol'''(C'''<sub>'''2'''</sub>'''H'''<sub>'''4'''</sub>'''(OH)'''<sub>'''2'''</sub>''')''', (monoethylene glycol (MEG), 1,2-ethanediol, IUPAC name: ethane-1,2- diol,)
 +
*Ethylene glycol is an odorless, colorless, syrupy, sweet tasting, toxic liquid.
 +
*It is used as a heat transfer chemical i.e., as a coolant. Due to its low freezing point it is used as a deicing fluid for windshields and aircraft.
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*Ethylene glycol is widely used to inhibit the formation of natural gas clathrates in long multiphase pipelines. Then ethylene glycol can be recovered from the natural gas and reused as an inhibitor after purification treatment that removes water and inorganic salts.
 +
*Ethylene glycol has become increasingly important in the plastics industry for the manufacture of polyester fibers and resins, including polyethylene terephthalate, which is used to make plastic bottles for soft drinks. The antifreeze capabilities of ethylene glycol have made it an important component of vitrification mixtures for low-temperature preservation of biological tissues and organs.
 +
*Ethylene glycol may also be used as a protecting group for carbonyl groups in organic synthesis.       
 +
*Ethylene glycol's high boiling point and affinity for water makes it an ideal desiccant for natural gas production.
 +
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene_glycol Source]
  
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===Sample visual interactive model===
 
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<gflash>545 375 http://www.dolcera.com/website/assets/HEV_model.swf</gflash>
 
  
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The new millennium is bringing a millennial change to the family car. A few years back, the key concerns were:
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===Preparation of Ethylene Glycol===
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* Pollution,
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* Nagging worries about global warming, and
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* Oil shortages.
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These concerns led to the development of Electric Vehicle (EV’s) powered by batteries. But current battery technology does not provide EV's with a range that is acceptable to consumers.
+
  
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'''Limitations of EV’s''':
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Ethylene glycol is prepared in the following ways:
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* An average commute to work is around 40 miles.
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* EV's have a range of 80-100 miles using advanced battery technology.
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* While batteries need frequent recharging, they are not the only way to power an electric car.
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== Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) ==
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'''1.''' From ethylene: Ethylene is oxidized to ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide upon hydrolysis ethylene glycol is prepared.
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The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is just the first step in reducing the environmental impacts of automobile use without losing comfort, performance, storage room and extended driving range.  
+
  
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'''Advantages of HEV’s''':
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'''7 H<sub>2</sub>C=CH<sub>2</sub> <nowiki>+</nowiki> 6 O<sub>2</sub> → 6 C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O <nowiki>+</nowiki> 2 CO<sub>2</sub> <nowiki>+</nowiki> 2 H<sub>2</sub>O'''
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* The HEV contains parts of both gasoline and electric vehicles in an attempt to get the best of both worlds.
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* It is able to operate nearly twice as efficiently as traditional internal combustion vehicles.
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* It has equivalent power, range, cost and safety of a conventional vehicle while reducing fuel costs and harmful emissions.
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* The battery is continuously recharged by a motor/generator driven by the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) or by regenerative braking.
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== Components of the HEV Battery System ==
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'''C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O <nowiki>+</nowiki> H<sub>2</sub>O → HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH'''
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The battery in an HEV is the energy storage device for the electric motor. Unlike the gasoline in the fuel tank, which can only power the gasoline engine, the electric motor in a hybrid car can put energy into the battery as well as draw energy from it.
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* '''Battery''': Two or more electrochemical energy cells connected together to provide electrical energy.
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'''2.''' Ethylene glycol is prepared by reacting formaldehyde with methanol in the presence of organic peroxide(ditertiarybutylperoxide) [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4337371.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]
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* '''Generator''': The generator is similar to an electric motor, but it acts only to produce electrical power.
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* '''Electric motor''': Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well as a generator. For example, when it needs to, it can draw energy from the batteries to accelerate the car. But acting as a generator, it can slow the car down and return energy to the batteries.  
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* '''SOC''': The State of Charge of a battery is its available capacity expressed as a percentage of its rated capacity
+
  
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[[Image:Hev layout.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Components of the HEV Battery System]]
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'''CH<sub>3</sub>OH <nowiki>+</nowiki> HCHO <nowiki>+</nowiki> (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OOC(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>→ CH<sub>2</sub>(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>(OH)'''
  
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== HEV battery system design parameters ==
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'''Note:''' In the above two preparation methods for ethylene glycol we have used ethylene, methanol, formaldehyde. The following are their preparations:
  
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Factors affecting battery performance:
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'''Ethylene preparation''':
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* Temperature: Battery performance is highly dependent on temperature. Each type of battery works best within a limited range of temperatures.
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* Battery age/Shelf life: Corrosion is the main culprit behind decreased performance in lead acid type batteries with age.
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* Depth of discharge: Batteries are able to maintain their performance longer when they are not deeply discharged regularly.
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Design parameters:
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1. Ethylene is prepared biologically from methionine by using enzymes.[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6294716.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]
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* How much space is available for the batteries?
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[[Image:Ethylene biosynthesis.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Ethylene biosynthesis]]<br>
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* How much can they weigh?
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* What is the desired range?
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* What is the weight of the vehicle?
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* What is the targeted vehicle cost?
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* How will the batteries be recharged and
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* What kind of drive system requirements is needed?
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These questions are necessary because of the variety of battery types available and the differences between them. The chart below lists the characteristics of the most common types of batteries. (Source [http://www.atti-info.org/technology/ev_tech.html])
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2. Ethanol upon dehydrating in the presence of catalyst ethylene is prepared.[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4134926.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]
  
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[[Image:batterytypes.jpg|thumb|center|400px|Battery types by descending order of popularity]]
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'''C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH <nowiki>+</nowiki> Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(Catalyst) → H<sub>2</sub>C=CH<sub>2</sub> <nowiki>+</nowiki> H<sub>2</sub>O'''
  
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== Comparison of top 3 batteries used in HEVs ==
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'''Methanol preparation''': Biological process
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During recharging, it is important to maintain the balance of battery. The balance of battery is maintained by controlling battery from overcharging and over discharging.
+
  
−
The battery is controlled by defining State of Charge (SOC) of the battery:
+
Methanol is prepared through fermentation process. Vegetable materials are fermented anerobically in the presence of ''Zymomonas mobilis'' bacteria. In this process ethanol and methanol are the products. Methanol is separated from ethanol by distillation. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5070016.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]
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* Upper limit value – overcharge and
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* Lower limit value – over discharge
+
  
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When overcharge is detected, power generation is controlled/cut-off and when over discharge is detected, power supply to electric motor is stopped. Detection is achieved by appropriate sensors.
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'''Formaldehyde preparation''':
  
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'''''This report investigates various procedures available/adopted by various assignees in order to maintain balanced battery pack by avoiding overcharge and/or over discharge.
+
1. Formaldehyde is prepared enzymatically. In this process the lower alkyl alcohols are converted into lower aldehydes by using oxidase enzymes. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5234827.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]
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'''''
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{| class="wikitable" width="80%" style="font-size:90%" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
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2. Formaldehyde is prepared by dehydrogenation of methanol using a catalyst. The catalyst is silver or silver/gold alloy on an inert hard, nonporous support. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4474996.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]
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|-
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! Lead Acid !! Advanced Lead Acid !! Nickel-Metal Hydride
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|-
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| Low cost || Longer lifecycle than conventional lead acid || High cost
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|-
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| Low energy density || Valve regulated lead/acid (VRLA) batteries showing promise || Higher energy density than lead acid; not as susceptible to heat
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|-
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| Longer recharging time (6-8 hours) ||  || Shorter recharging time
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|-
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| Only fair cycle life ||  ||
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|-
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| Can be ruined by completely discharging them ||  ||
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|}
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==<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>==
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'''CH<sub>3</sub>OH <nowiki>+</nowiki> Ag (or Ag/Au alloy)(Catalyst) → HCHO <nowiki>+</nowiki> H<sub>2</sub>'''
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<br>
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== HEV battery system concerns ==
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'''Ethanol preparation''':
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The ultimate goal of HEV can only be achieved with the balance battery pack since the main source of energy is batteries and recharging is carried out on board.
+
  
−
'''Advantages of balance battery pack''':
+
Ethanol is prepared by fermentation process.
−
* Balancing of battery SOC’s increases battery life
+
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* Automated balancing circuitry will decrease overcharging (and gassing) and decrease manual maintenance.
+
  
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This, in turn, provides:
+
[[Image:Ethanol2.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Ethanol - fermentation]]
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* Equivalent power range at low cost as conventional vehicle while reducing fuel costs and harmful emissions.
+
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* Twice the travel distance of a conventional vehicle on the same amount of energy.
+
  
−
== Goal ==
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[[Image:Ethanol1.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Ethanol through Fermentation]]
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This report attempts to summarize various approaches involved in maintaining battery balance. We have selected a few patents, and will show:
+
−
* IP activity over the years
+
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* Competitors
+
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* Competitor and Market Landscape
+
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* Technology map
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* Technology approaches
+
  
−
=== IP activity over the years ===
+
==Terephthalic acid==
−
[[Image:patentsoveryears.jpg|thumb|center|500px|IP activity over the years]]
+
[[Image:Terephthalic acid.jpg|thumb|center|350px|Terephthalic acid]]
 +
*Terephthalic acid'''(C'''<sub>'''6'''</sub>'''H'''<sub>'''4'''</sub>'''(CO'''<sub>'''2'''</sub>'''H)'''<sub>'''2'''</sub>''')''' is a colourless solid, used principally as a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles. Several billion kilograms are produced annually. It is one of three isomeric phthalic acids.<br>
 +
*Virtually the entire world's supply of terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate are consumed as precursors to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terephthalic_acid Source]
 +
===Preparation of Terephthalic acid===
 +
* Biological preparation of Terephthalic acid [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6187569.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]
 +
[[Image:Terephthalic acid23.jpg|thumb|center|750px|Biological preparation of Terephthalic Acid]]
 +
'''Preparation of ''p''-Xylene''':
  
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=== Assignee wise IP activity ===
+
''p''-Xylene is prepared from toluene in the presence of a catalyst. This is a methylation reaction. The methylating agents are methanol, methyl chloride, methyl bromide, dimethylether or dimethylsulfide. The catalyst used is ZSM-23 zeolite material. Here this catalyst is used for attacking the methyl group in the para position of the toluene. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4049738.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]<br>
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Companies with many patents of HEV battery are arranged in decreasing order in the graph given below. Top three players are Nissan motors with (5) patent records to its credit, followed by Toyota with (4) and Acqueous (3).  
+
−
[[Image:Assignee wise IP.jpg|thumb|center|500px|Assignee wise IP activity]]  
+
  
−
=== Competitor and Market Landscape ===
+
'''Toluene + Methylating agent + ZSM-23 Zeolite(Catalyst)→ P-xylene'''
  
−
The left graph given below displays the assignee wise IP activity over years, according to the present data the very first patent pertaining to HEV battery charging system was filed by HYBRICON in 1978 but is not in the race anymore. Though NISSAN, AQUEOUS and TOYOTA seems to be ahead in acquiring max. number of patent to their credits, but not active since 2000. GM and HONDA have bagged single-single patent of same age in 2003.  
+
'''Preparation of Toluene''':<br>
 +
1. Toluene is an aromatic extract from the tropical colombian tree ''Myroxylon Balsamum'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluene Source]<br>
 +
2. Toluene is prepared from wastes like old trees, cable wastes, polyethylene waster and polypropylene wastes. In this process the waste products are pulverised and heated to a temperature range of 150˚C to 500˚C at a pressure of 20 to 300 bar [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4642401.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]
  
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The  right graph given below displays the market (countries) eyed by various competitors. The hot market place for most competitors is Japan (17) followed by United States (11) and Germany (04). According to the present data, Nissan seems to be having strong presence in Japan market that rests with 5 patents protected, followed by Aqueous and Toyota.
+
'''Note'''-Today most of the ethylene manufacturers are producing ethylene through petroleum cracking.
  
−
We will look into their technologies in competitor approaches section latter in the report.
+
==Search Strategy==
−
[[Image:Competitor.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Competitor and Market Landscape]]
+
* Database - Micropat
 +
* We conducted search on concepts that have a biological method of preparation only.
 +
* We have not conducted search on production of ethanol (from which we prepare ethylene) since that is not the focus of this project.  
 +
-------------
 +
* '''NOTE''': Explanation of Query Concepts
 +
* Query 1 - All Biological Process
  
−
=== Distribution of patents based on Technology focus ===
+
* Query 2 - Ethanol Fermentation
−
[[Image:Distribution.jpg|thumb|right|500px|Distribution of patents based on Technology focus]]
+
−
 
+
−
The above pie chart displaying various factors has effect on battery charge and discharge. The numbers indicating the distribution of patents in that area are from selected list of patents. The distribution of patents is based on technology focused in the patent.
+
  
−
* '''Power generation''': Technologies disclosed in patents for modes of power generation in HEV for charging the battery and ways of handling them.
+
* Final Query - Query 1 + Query 2
 +
-----------------
  
−
* '''Power management''': Technologies disclosed in patents for managing the battery balance during power generating and/or consuming.
+
Issue/Publication Years: 1836 - Date (9th June 2009)
  
−
* '''Fluctuating HEV operating mode''': Technologies disclosed in patents for managing battery balance during fluctuating operating modes, especially in composite HEV.
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 1'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Bio-Production of Terepthalic acid from Xylene'''
 +
|Full patent spec.
 +
|(((<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenecarboxylic OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>2para<nowiki>*</nowiki>2dicarboxylic OR benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>5dicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>p<nowiki>*</nowiki>dicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Benzenedicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Carboxybenzoic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Para<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Terephthalic) ADJ acid) OR Acide<nowiki>*</nowiki>2terephtalique OR Kyselina<nowiki>*</nowiki>2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid)
 +
|align = "center"|  102948 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|((bio<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversion OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>synthe<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
 +
|align = "center"|360711 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
 +
|Full patent spec.
 +
| "1,4-dimethylbenzene" OR "p-methyltoluene" OR  "1,4-xylene" OR  <nowiki>*</nowiki>5dimethylbenzene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>5xylene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>3methyltoluene
 +
|align = "center"|507183 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''
 +
|Combined Query
 +
|align = "center"|1 AND 2 AND 3
 +
|align = "center"|25'''(20 Unique hits)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''5'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "6"|'''Production of Ethylene from Ethanol'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|Ethanol OR (ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR (grain ADJ1 alcohol)
 +
|align = "center"|134288 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''6'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))
 +
|align = "center"|410332 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''7'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|produc<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR synthes<nowiki>*</nowiki>6 OR process OR method
 +
|align = "center"|13960381 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''8'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|(dehydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (water ADJ1 removal) OR hypohydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR zeolite<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR silica OR alumina OR (trifluoromethanesulfonic ADJ1 acid) OR evaporat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR desiccation OR drying OR trifluoromethanesulfonicacid OR (water NEAR5 remov<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
 +
|align = "center"|1643133 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''9'''
 +
|Any Classification
 +
|align = "center"|C07C OR B01D
 +
|align = "center"|1267051 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''10'''
 +
|Combined Query
 +
|align = "center"|5 AND 6 AND 7 AND 8 AND 9
 +
|align = "center"|2606''' (1863 Unique hits)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''11'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "5"|'''Production of Ethylene through Biological process'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|((bio OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversation OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) OR ferment<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microb<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>bacteria<nowiki>*</nowiki>
 +
|align = "center"|360711 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''12'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))
 +
|align = "center"|410332 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''13'''
 +
|Full patent spec.
 +
|<nowiki>*</nowiki>methionine OR (acc ADJ1 synthase) OR "1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase" OR ACCsynthase  OR (<nowiki>*</nowiki>2aminocyclopropane<nowiki>*</nowiki>3carboxylate ADJ1 synthase)
 +
|align = "center"|60755 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''14'''
 +
|
 +
|align = "center"|  C12N OR C12P
 +
|align = "center"|570454
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''15'''
 +
|Combined Query
 +
|align = "center"|11 AND 12 AND 13
 +
|align = "center"|237 ('''131 Unique hits''')
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''19'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "5"|'''Ethylene oxide from ethylene'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))
 +
|align = "center"|410332 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|oxidation OR produc<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR prepar<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR convers<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR synthsi<nowiki>*</nowiki>
 +
|align = "center"|  8311728 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''21'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|((Ethylene ADJ1 oxide) OR Epoxyaethan OR Epoxyethane OR Oxidoethane OR (Ethene ADJ1 oxide) OR Oxirane)
 +
|align = "center"|  59403 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''22'''
 +
|Any classification
 +
|align = "center"|B01J002104 OR B01J002108 OR B01J002304 OR B01J002350 OR C07D30103 OR B01D005304 OR B01J002112 OR B01J002712 OR B01J002708 OR B01J002710 OR B01J002709 OR B01J002308 OR B01J002368 OR B01J0027055 OR B01J002324 OR 00B01J002336 OR B01J002330 OR B01J002300 OR 00B01J2370 OR C07D30110 OR B01J002348 OR B01J2702 OR B01J2714 OR B01J2706 OR C07D30304 OR B01J00236200 OR B01J002366 OR B01D005304 OR B09J002104 OR B09J002108 OR B01J002396 OR B01J003102 OR B01J003100 OR B01J002118 OR B01J00208 OR B09J002112 OR 00B09J002350 OR B01J002302 OR B01J002303 OR B01J002720 OR B01J00231000B01J002378 OR C07D30132 OR B01J002106 OR B01J002396 OR C07D030132 OR C07D030100 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002900 OR C07C002909 OR C07C002700 OR C07D030106 OR B01J0027199 OR B01J002714 OR C07C005700
 +
|align = "center"| 195483 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''23'''
 +
|Combined query
 +
|align = "center"|19 AND 20 AND 21 AND 22
 +
|align = "center"|  2144 '''(1167 unique records)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|''' '''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|
 +
|bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''24'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|'''Ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide'''
 +
|Ethylene glycol manufacture
 +
|align = "center"|(<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Dihydroxyethane OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Ethandiol OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Ethanediol OR GLYCOL OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1Glycol OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>2Hydroxyethanol OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>2Hydroyethanol OR Aethylenglykol OR Athylenglykol OR Athylenglykol OR Diphyl OR Dowtherm<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR Ethane<nowiki>*</nowiki>4diol OR ethanediol OR Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1alcohol OR Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1Glycol OR Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1glycol OR Fridex OR Glycol<nowiki>*</nowiki>1alcohol OR Lutrol<nowiki>*</nowiki>19 OR MEG OR Monoethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>glycol OR Therminol <nowiki>*</nowiki>VP OR (ethylene ADJ1 glycol<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR ethyleneglycol<nowiki>*</nowiki>)SAME(produc<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR prepar<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR manufact<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR synthe<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
 +
|align = "center"|75928 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''25'''
 +
|Any classification
 +
|align = "center"|C07D030108 OR C07B006100 OR C07C002948 OR C07C002950 OR C07C003120 OR C07D030103 OR C07D030104 OR C07D030122 OR C07D030300 OR C07D030304 OR C07B006100 OR C07C002900 OR C07C003100 OR C07D030100 OR C07D030300 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002909 OR C07C002700 OR C07C002726 OR C07C002974 OR C07C003102 OR C07C003300 OR C07C003120 OR C07C003118 OR C08G006526 OR B01J003108 OR C07C002980 OR C07C002976 OR C07C004103 OR C07C004310 OR C07C004311 OR C07D030110 OR C07C004100 OR C07C006900 OR C07C006800 OR C07C002900 OR C07C006806 OR C07C0029128 OR C07C002728 OR C07C002702 OR C07C002980 OR C07C002909 OR B01J003106 OR C07C003120 OR C07D031736 OR C07D031738 OR C07D031700
 +
|align = "center"|290188 (hits Unique hits)
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''26'''
 +
|Combined Query
 +
|align = "center"|21 AND 24 AND 25
 +
|align = "center"|858(591
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|''' '''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''27'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Preparation of benzeneamide from benzene nitrile'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|(benzonitrile OR (benzene ADJ1 nitrile)OR cyanobenzene OR (cyno ADJ1 benzene ) OR (Benzene ADJ1 cyanide) OR (phenyl ADJ1 cyanide)OR (Benzene ADJ1 carbo ADJ1 nitrile) OR (Benzoic ADJ1 acid ADJ1 nitrile))
 +
|align = "center"|41789 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''28'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|(microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microb<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR bacteria OR yeast OR fungi OR bacteri<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR bioproduction OR biosynthesi<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
 +
|align = "center"|  339673 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''29'''
 +
|Full patent spec.
 +
|align = "center"|  (benzene ADJ1 amide) OR (phenyl ADJ1 amide)OR amide)
 +
|align = "center"|  143811 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''30'''
 +
|Combined query
 +
|align = "center"|27 AND 28 AND 29
 +
|align = "center"|305'''(162 unique hits)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''15'''
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''All Combined'''
 +
|align = "center"|4 OR 10 OR 15 OR 23 OR 26 OR 30
 +
|align = "center"|5674''' (3644 unique records)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|Relevancy-25%
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 2'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "right"|1
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Preparation of ethanol from fermentation'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|align = "center"| ferment<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR zymology OR zymoptic
 +
|align = "center"|41789 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "right"|2
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|align = "center"|(Hydroxyethane OR (Methyl ADJ1 carbinol) OR (Pure ADJ1 alcohol) OR (Grain ADJ1 alcohol) OR (Ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR Ethanol<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR bioethanol<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (fermentation ADJ1 alcohol) OR methylcarbinol)
 +
|align = "center"|  339673 hits
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|Any classification
 +
|align = "center"|  C12P OR C12N OR C12F OR C07C OR C07D
 +
|align = "center"|305'''(162 unique hits)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "right"|4
 +
|Combined query
 +
|align = "center"|1 AND 2 AND 3
 +
|align = "center"|3905'''(2207 unique hits)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Relevancy-50%'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Final Query'''
 +
|-
 +
|'''Final Query'''
 +
|
 +
|align = "center"|Combined query
 +
|align = "center"|'''Query1 <nowiki>+</nowiki> Query 2'''
 +
|align = "center"|9669('''5847 unique hits)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Relevancy-30%'''
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
* '''Power supply''':  Technology disclosed in patent for starting engine with auxiliary battery current when main battery current is not sufficient to start engine
 
  
−
=== IPMap ===
+
Note:The above mentioned benzamide is converted to benzoic acid which is then converted to terephthalic acid.
−
[[Image:hev_ipmap.jpg|800px]]
+
* '''Benzoic acid to terepthalic acid''' [http://www.google.com/patents?id=aHRyAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0_0 US2823230]
 +
*'''Benzene amide to benzoic acid''' [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5932454.PN.&OS=PN/5932454&RS=PN/5932454 US5932454A]
  
−
== Clustering - Technology focus ==
+
=== New search stratergy===
−
[[Image:Cluster.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Clustering - Technology focus]]
+
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 1'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''Bio-Production of Terephthalic acid'''
 +
|Full patent spec.
 +
|(((terephthalic OR Terepthalic) NEAR4 (produce<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR production OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR synthes<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biotransformation)) NEAR10 ((plant NEAR5 source) OR biological OR glucose OR fructose<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR sucrose OR starch OR cellulose OR biomass OR waste<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biotransformation OR feedstock))
 +
|align = "center"|   152 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|'''Production of Terephthalic acid from 2,5-furandicarboxylate'''
 +
|Full patent spec.
 +
|(<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenecarboxylic OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>2para<nowiki>*</nowiki>2dicarboxylic OR benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>5dicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>p<nowiki>*</nowiki>dicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Benzenedicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Carboxybenzoic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Para<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR (Terephthalic ADJ1 acid) OR Acide<nowiki>*</nowiki>2terephtalique OR Kyselina<nowiki>*</nowiki>2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid)
 +
|align = "center"|104258 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
 +
|Full patent spec.
 +
|"2,5-furandicarboxylate" OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>furandicarboxylate OR (furane ADJ1 dicarboxylate) OR furfurandicarboxylate OR (oxole ADJ1 dicarboxylate)OR (divinyl ADJ1 oxide ADJ1 dicarboxylate)
 +
|align = "center"|174 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''
 +
|Combined Query
 +
|align = "center"|2 AND 3
 +
|align = "center"|20
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''5'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Bio-Production of Terephthalic acid from Xylene'''
 +
|Full patent spec.
 +
|(((<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenecarboxylic OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>2para<nowiki>*</nowiki>2dicarboxylic OR benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>5dicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>p<nowiki>*</nowiki>dicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Benzenedicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Carboxybenzoic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Para<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Terephthalic) ADJ acid) OR Acide<nowiki>*</nowiki>2terephtalique OR Kyselina<nowiki>*</nowiki>2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid)
 +
|align = "center"|  102948 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''6'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|((bio<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversion OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>synthe<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
 +
|align = "center"|360711 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''7'''
 +
|Full patent spec.
 +
| "1,4-dimethylbenzene" OR "p-methyltoluene" OR  "1,4-xylene" OR  <nowiki>*</nowiki>5dimethylbenzene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>5xylene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>3methyltoluene
 +
|align = "center"|507183 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''8'''
 +
|Combined Query
 +
|align = "center"|5 AND 6 AND 7
 +
|align = "center"|25'''(20 Unique hits)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''9'''
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Combined Query'''
 +
|align = "center"|1 OR  4OR  8
 +
|align = "center"|189 ('''101 Unique Hits)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|Relevancy-10%
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 2'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''10'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''Production of Ethylene through Biological process'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|((bio OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversation OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) OR ferment<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microb<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>bacteria<nowiki>*</nowiki>
 +
|align = "center"|360711 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''11'''
 +
|align = "center"|''' '''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))
 +
|align = "center"|410332 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''12'''
 +
|align = "center"|''' '''
 +
|Full patent spec.
 +
|<nowiki>*</nowiki>methionine OR (acc ADJ1 synthase) OR "1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase" OR ACCsynthase  OR (<nowiki>*</nowiki>2aminocyclopropane<nowiki>*</nowiki>3carboxylate ADJ1 synthase)
 +
|align = "center"|60755 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''13'''
 +
|align = "center"|''' '''
 +
|
 +
|align = "center"|  C12N OR C12P
 +
|align = "center"|570454
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''14'''
 +
|align = "center"|''' '''
 +
|Combined Query
 +
|align = "center"|11 AND 12 AND 13
 +
|align = "center"|331
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|''' '''
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|''' '''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''15'''
 +
|align = "center" rowspan = "6"|'''Production of Ethylene from Ethanol'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|Ethanol OR (ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR (grain ADJ1 alcohol)
 +
|align = "center"|134288 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''16'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))
 +
|align = "center"|410332 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''17'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|produc<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR synthes<nowiki>*</nowiki>6 OR process OR method
 +
|align = "center"|13960381 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''18'''
 +
|Claims, Title or Abstract
 +
|(dehydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (water ADJ1 removal) OR hypohydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR zeolite<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR silica OR alumina OR (trifluoromethanesulfonic ADJ1 acid) OR evaporat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR desiccation OR drying OR trifluoromethanesulfonicacid OR (water NEAR5 remov<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
 +
|align = "center"|1643133 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''19'''
 +
|Any Classification
 +
|align = "center"|C07C OR B01D
 +
|align = "center"|1267051 hits
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''
 +
|Combined Query
 +
|align = "center"|15 OR 16 OR 17 OR 18 OR 19
 +
|align = "center"|2606''' (1863 Unique hits)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Final Query'''
 +
|align = "center"|14 OR 20
 +
|align = "center"|2936''' (2046 Unique hits)'''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Relevency-20%
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''21'''
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Final Query'''
 +
|align = "center"|'''Query 1<nowiki>+</nowiki>Query2'''
 +
|align = "center"|3123('''2145 unique hits''')
 +
|-
 +
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|Relevancy-15%
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
== Technology approach ==
+
----
  
−
=== Major Players ===
+
=='''IP Analysis for conversion of ethanol into ethylene '''==
−
In technology approach patent and non-patent literature is used to extract information about the technology profile of various assignees such as
+
==='''IP Activity'''===
  
−
* Years in this activity
+
[[Image:Ip Activity.jpg|center|thumb|700px| '''IP Activity''']]
  
−
* Type of batteries used
+
==='''Top Assignee for patents related to conversion of Ethanol to Ethylene'''===
 +
[[Image:Top assignee2.jpg|center|thumb|800px| '''Top Assignees''']]
  
−
* Battery charging system
 
  
−
* Types of HEV (Series (SHV)/Parallel (PHV)/Composite (SPHVS))
 
  
−
* Technological strength based on citation analysis
+
==Patent Analysis==
  
−
* Product Vs patent identification
+
#'''Click here for [[Media:Analysis sheet ethanol dehydration.xls| Patent Analysis Sheet]]'''
  
−
* Battery management solutions proposed (i.e. current control/cut-off system and SOC detection
+
==Dashboard link==
−
technique)
+
{|border="3" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=561 '''Dashboard''']
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
−
* Scientific literature and technology news to strengthen the report, since patent activity is a slow process.
+
----
  
−
=== Toyota Motors ===
+
== '''IP Analysis for patents related to biological production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural '''==
 +
==='''IP Activity'''===
  
−
* '''Battery type''': Lead-Acid battery
+
[[Image:IP Activit.jpg|center|thumb|800px|'''Top Assignee''']]
  
−
* '''Battery charging system''': The charge to the DC-battery is provided from the power generated by the generator and the regeneration power from the drive motor at the time of braking.
+
==='''Top Assignee for patents related to biological production  of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural'''===
  
−
* '''First approach:'''
+
[[Image:Top assigne1.jpg|center|thumb|800px| '''Top Assignees''']]
−
[[Image:Toyota.jpg]]
+
  
−
* '''Second approach:'''
+
==Patent Analysis==
−
[[Image:Toyota2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Toyota Motors - Technology Approach2]]
+
  
−
* '''Findings:'''
+
#'''Click here for [[Media:Analysis sheet ethanol dehydration.xls| Patent Analysis Sheet]]'''
−
[[Image:Toyotafindings.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Findings]]
+
  
−
=== Nissan Motors ===
+
==Dashboard link==
 +
{|border="3" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4"
 +
|-
 +
|[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=566 '''Dashboard''']
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
----
  
−
* '''Battery type:-''' Lead-acid and/or Nickel-Hydrogen battery
+
== '''IP Analysis for conversion of ethanol into ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid '''==
 +
==='''IP Activity'''===
  
−
* '''Battery charging system:-'''
+
[[Image:IP Activiy.jpg|center|thumb|800px|'''Top Assignee''']]
−
The battery is charged from the power generated by the generator and regeneration power from a motor.Electric motor functions as a generator to charge the battery when a hybrid vehicle is restarted after an idling stop released.
+
  
−
* '''First approach:'''
+
==='''Top Assignee for patents related to conversion of Ethanol to ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid'''===
−
[[Image:Nissan1.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Nissan Motors - Technology Approach1]]
+
  
−
* '''Second approach:'''
+
[[Image:Top assign3.jpg|center|thumb|800px| '''Top Assignees''']]
−
[[Image:Nissan2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Nissan Motors - Technology Approach2]]
+
  
−
* '''Findings:'''
+
==Patent Analysis==
  
−
* JP10295045 (1997):- Battery management system, received 21 forward citations from all big names in a span of 5 years and self- cited twice the same technology indicating strong technology strength and building on its own technology.
+
#'''Click here for [[Media:Analysis sheet ethanol dehydration.xls| Patent Analysis Sheet]]'''
  
−
* Patent and non-patent information indicate that Nissan has focused much on circuit arrangements for charging or depolarizing batteries or for supplying loads from batteries (H02J 7/00).
+
==Dashboard link==
−
 
+
{|border="3" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4"  
−
* Jointly worked with Sony corp. (1998) developing high power density Li-ion battery for parallel HEV.
+
−
 
+
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* Proposed a novel charge/discharge control system based on car navigation information.
+
−
 
+
−
{{btot}}
+
−
 
+
−
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Latest revision as of 05:52, 27 July 2015

PET (Polyethyeleneterephthalate) is used in a variety of applications, especially in the making of durable bottles. There is a significant increase in interest of late in producing PET from renewable sources.

This report describes the various techniques being used in the production of PET from sources such as cellulose. The report covers:

  1. Various pathways for production of PET from renewable sources
  2. All the catalysts (e.g. Hydrogen, Sodium, etc.) and techniques (e.g. catalytic dehydration) used in production of each of the intermediate compounds (e.g. ethylene glycol)
  3. Search strategies for patents for the various pathways and methods for production of ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate, which are then used to produce PET
  4. Classification and in-depth analysis of the patents
  5. Presentation of results of the patent analysis on the Dolcera dashboard

Pathways for production of Polyethyeleneterephthalate

Pathways for preparation of PET

Polyethylene terephthalate

PET.jpg
  • Polyethylene terephthalate( (C10H8O4)n) (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), is also abbreviated as PET, PETE, or PETP or PET-P)
  • Some of the trade names of PET products are Dacron, Diolen, Tergal, Terylene, and Trevira fibers, Cleartuf, Eastman PET and Polyclear bottle resins, Hostaphan, Melinex, and Mylar films, and Arnite, Ertalyte, Impet, Rynite and Valox injection molding resins.
  • The materials that can be prepared using PET are bottles, tapes, films or pulled into fibers that are pressed into meshes or woven into fabrics.

Preparation of Polyethyleneterephthalate

  • Polyethyleneterephthalate is prepared by reacting Dimethylterephthalate with Ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst. Dimethylterephthalate is obtained by treating Terephthalic acid with methanol. The catalyst is a salt of a metal like calcium, barium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, manganese, tin, zinc and chromium and a material selected from the group consisting of hydroxybenzophenone carboxylic acids and hydroxyacetophenone carboxylic acids. Source

(Terephthalic acid) + 2CH3OH → (Dimethylterephthalate)

(Dimethylterephthalate) + CH2(OH)CH2(OH) + Catalyst → (Polyethyleneterephthalate)

Ethylene glycol

Ethylene glycol
  • Ethylene glycol(C2H4(OH)2), (monoethylene glycol (MEG), 1,2-ethanediol, IUPAC name: ethane-1,2- diol,)
  • Ethylene glycol is an odorless, colorless, syrupy, sweet tasting, toxic liquid.
  • It is used as a heat transfer chemical i.e., as a coolant. Due to its low freezing point it is used as a deicing fluid for windshields and aircraft.
  • Ethylene glycol is widely used to inhibit the formation of natural gas clathrates in long multiphase pipelines. Then ethylene glycol can be recovered from the natural gas and reused as an inhibitor after purification treatment that removes water and inorganic salts.
  • Ethylene glycol has become increasingly important in the plastics industry for the manufacture of polyester fibers and resins, including polyethylene terephthalate, which is used to make plastic bottles for soft drinks. The antifreeze capabilities of ethylene glycol have made it an important component of vitrification mixtures for low-temperature preservation of biological tissues and organs.
  • Ethylene glycol may also be used as a protecting group for carbonyl groups in organic synthesis.
  • Ethylene glycol's high boiling point and affinity for water makes it an ideal desiccant for natural gas production.

Source


Preparation of Ethylene Glycol

Ethylene glycol is prepared in the following ways:

1. From ethylene: Ethylene is oxidized to ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide upon hydrolysis ethylene glycol is prepared.

7 H2C=CH2 + 6 O2 → 6 C2H4O + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O

C2H4O + H2O → HOCH2CH2OH

2. Ethylene glycol is prepared by reacting formaldehyde with methanol in the presence of organic peroxide(ditertiarybutylperoxide) Source

CH3OH + HCHO + (CH3)3OOC(CH3)3→ CH2(OH)CH2(OH)

Note: In the above two preparation methods for ethylene glycol we have used ethylene, methanol, formaldehyde. The following are their preparations:

Ethylene preparation:

1. Ethylene is prepared biologically from methionine by using enzymes.Source

Ethylene biosynthesis

2. Ethanol upon dehydrating in the presence of catalyst ethylene is prepared.Source

C2H5OH + Al2O3(Catalyst) → H2C=CH2 + H2O

Methanol preparation: Biological process

Methanol is prepared through fermentation process. Vegetable materials are fermented anerobically in the presence of Zymomonas mobilis bacteria. In this process ethanol and methanol are the products. Methanol is separated from ethanol by distillation. Source

Formaldehyde preparation:

1. Formaldehyde is prepared enzymatically. In this process the lower alkyl alcohols are converted into lower aldehydes by using oxidase enzymes. Source

2. Formaldehyde is prepared by dehydrogenation of methanol using a catalyst. The catalyst is silver or silver/gold alloy on an inert hard, nonporous support. Source

CH3OH + Ag (or Ag/Au alloy)(Catalyst) → HCHO + H2

Ethanol preparation:

Ethanol is prepared by fermentation process.

Ethanol - fermentation
Ethanol through Fermentation

Terephthalic acid

Terephthalic acid
  • Terephthalic acid(C6H4(CO2H)2) is a colourless solid, used principally as a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles. Several billion kilograms are produced annually. It is one of three isomeric phthalic acids.
  • Virtually the entire world's supply of terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate are consumed as precursors to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Source

Preparation of Terephthalic acid

  • Biological preparation of Terephthalic acid Source
Biological preparation of Terephthalic Acid

Preparation of p-Xylene:

p-Xylene is prepared from toluene in the presence of a catalyst. This is a methylation reaction. The methylating agents are methanol, methyl chloride, methyl bromide, dimethylether or dimethylsulfide. The catalyst used is ZSM-23 zeolite material. Here this catalyst is used for attacking the methyl group in the para position of the toluene. Source

Toluene + Methylating agent + ZSM-23 Zeolite(Catalyst)→ P-xylene

Preparation of Toluene:
1. Toluene is an aromatic extract from the tropical colombian tree Myroxylon Balsamum Source
2. Toluene is prepared from wastes like old trees, cable wastes, polyethylene waster and polypropylene wastes. In this process the waste products are pulverised and heated to a temperature range of 150˚C to 500˚C at a pressure of 20 to 300 bar Source

Note-Today most of the ethylene manufacturers are producing ethylene through petroleum cracking.

Search Strategy

  • Database - Micropat
  • We conducted search on concepts that have a biological method of preparation only.
  • We have not conducted search on production of ethanol (from which we prepare ethylene) since that is not the focus of this project.
  • NOTE: Explanation of Query Concepts
  • Query 1 - All Biological Process
  • Query 2 - Ethanol Fermentation
  • Final Query - Query 1 + Query 2

Issue/Publication Years: 1836 - Date (9th June 2009)

S.No Concept Scope Search string Hits
Query 1
1 Bio-Production of Terepthalic acid from Xylene Full patent spec. (((*4Benzenecarboxylic OR *4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene*2para*2dicarboxylic OR benzene*5dicarboxylic OR Benzene*p*dicarboxylic OR p*Benzenedicarboxylic OR p*Carboxybenzoic OR p*Phthalic OR Para*Phthalic OR Terephthalic) ADJ acid) OR Acide*2terephtalique OR Kyselina*2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid) 102948 hits
2 Claims, Title or Abstract ((bio* OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur*3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversion OR cataly*3 OR *synthe*)) 360711 hits
3 Full patent spec. "1,4-dimethylbenzene" OR "p-methyltoluene" OR "1,4-xylene" OR *5dimethylbenzene OR *5xylene OR *3methyltoluene 507183 hits
4 Combined Query 1 AND 2 AND 3 25(20 Unique hits)
5 Production of Ethylene from Ethanol Claims, Title or Abstract Ethanol OR (ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR (grain ADJ1 alcohol) 134288 hits
6 Claims, Title or Abstract (Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene* OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins)) 410332 hits
7 Claims, Title or Abstract produc*5 OR conver*5 OR manufactur*3 OR synthes*6 OR process OR method 13960381 hits
8 Claims, Title or Abstract (dehydrat* OR (water ADJ1 removal) OR hypohydrat* OR cataly* OR zeolite* OR silica OR alumina OR (trifluoromethanesulfonic ADJ1 acid) OR evaporat* OR desiccation OR drying OR trifluoromethanesulfonicacid OR (water NEAR5 remov*)) 1643133 hits
9 Any Classification C07C OR B01D 1267051 hits
10 Combined Query 5 AND 6 AND 7 AND 8 AND 9 2606 (1863 Unique hits)
11 Production of Ethylene through Biological process Claims, Title or Abstract ((bio OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur*3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversation OR cataly*3)) OR ferment* OR microorganism* OR microb* OR *bacteria* 360711 hits
12 Claims, Title or Abstract (Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene* OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins)) 410332 hits
13 Full patent spec. *methionine OR (acc ADJ1 synthase) OR "1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase" OR ACCsynthase OR (*2aminocyclopropane*3carboxylate ADJ1 synthase) 60755 hits
14 C12N OR C12P 570454
15 Combined Query 11 AND 12 AND 13 237 (131 Unique hits)
19 Ethylene oxide from ethylene Claims, Title or Abstract (Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene* OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins)) 410332 hits
20 Claims, Title or Abstract oxidation OR produc* OR prepar* OR manufactur* OR convers* OR synthsi* 8311728 hits
21 Claims, Title or Abstract ((Ethylene ADJ1 oxide) OR Epoxyaethan OR Epoxyethane OR Oxidoethane OR (Ethene ADJ1 oxide) OR Oxirane) 59403 hits
22 Any classification B01J002104 OR B01J002108 OR B01J002304 OR B01J002350 OR C07D30103 OR B01D005304 OR B01J002112 OR B01J002712 OR B01J002708 OR B01J002710 OR B01J002709 OR B01J002308 OR B01J002368 OR B01J0027055 OR B01J002324 OR 00B01J002336 OR B01J002330 OR B01J002300 OR 00B01J2370 OR C07D30110 OR B01J002348 OR B01J2702 OR B01J2714 OR B01J2706 OR C07D30304 OR B01J00236200 OR B01J002366 OR B01D005304 OR B09J002104 OR B09J002108 OR B01J002396 OR B01J003102 OR B01J003100 OR B01J002118 OR B01J00208 OR B09J002112 OR 00B09J002350 OR B01J002302 OR B01J002303 OR B01J002720 OR B01J00231000B01J002378 OR C07D30132 OR B01J002106 OR B01J002396 OR C07D030132 OR C07D030100 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002900 OR C07C002909 OR C07C002700 OR C07D030106 OR B01J0027199 OR B01J002714 OR C07C005700 195483 hits
23 Combined query 19 AND 20 AND 21 AND 22 2144 (1167 unique records)
24 Ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide Ethylene glycol manufacture (*4Dihydroxyethane OR *4Ethandiol OR *4Ethanediol OR GLYCOL OR *4Ethylene*1Glycol OR *2Hydroxyethanol OR *2Hydroyethanol OR Aethylenglykol OR Athylenglykol OR Athylenglykol OR Diphyl OR Dowtherm*3 OR Ethane*4diol OR ethanediol OR Ethylene*1alcohol OR Ethylene*1Glycol OR Ethylene*1glycol OR Fridex OR Glycol*1alcohol OR Lutrol*19 OR MEG OR Monoethylene*glycol OR Therminol *VP OR (ethylene ADJ1 glycol*) OR ethyleneglycol*)SAME(produc* OR prepar* OR manufact* OR synthe* OR conver*)) 75928 hits
25 Any classification C07D030108 OR C07B006100 OR C07C002948 OR C07C002950 OR C07C003120 OR C07D030103 OR C07D030104 OR C07D030122 OR C07D030300 OR C07D030304 OR C07B006100 OR C07C002900 OR C07C003100 OR C07D030100 OR C07D030300 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002909 OR C07C002700 OR C07C002726 OR C07C002974 OR C07C003102 OR C07C003300 OR C07C003120 OR C07C003118 OR C08G006526 OR B01J003108 OR C07C002980 OR C07C002976 OR C07C004103 OR C07C004310 OR C07C004311 OR C07D030110 OR C07C004100 OR C07C006900 OR C07C006800 OR C07C002900 OR C07C006806 OR C07C0029128 OR C07C002728 OR C07C002702 OR C07C002980 OR C07C002909 OR B01J003106 OR C07C003120 OR C07D031736 OR C07D031738 OR C07D031700 290188 (hits Unique hits)
26 Combined Query 21 AND 24 AND 25 858(591
27 Preparation of benzeneamide from benzene nitrile Claims, Title or Abstract (benzonitrile OR (benzene ADJ1 nitrile)OR cyanobenzene OR (cyno ADJ1 benzene ) OR (Benzene ADJ1 cyanide) OR (phenyl ADJ1 cyanide)OR (Benzene ADJ1 carbo ADJ1 nitrile) OR (Benzoic ADJ1 acid ADJ1 nitrile)) 41789 hits
28 Claims, Title or Abstract (microorganism* OR microb* OR bacteria OR yeast OR fungi OR bacteri* OR bioproduction OR biosynthesi* ) 339673 hits
29 Full patent spec. (benzene ADJ1 amide) OR (phenyl ADJ1 amide)OR amide) 143811 hits
30 Combined query 27 AND 28 AND 29 305(162 unique hits)
15 All Combined 4 OR 10 OR 15 OR 23 OR 26 OR 30 5674 (3644 unique records)
Relevancy-25%
Query 2
S.No Concept Scope Search string Hits
1 Preparation of ethanol from fermentation Claims, Title or Abstract ferment* OR zymology OR zymoptic 41789 hits
2 Claims, Title or Abstract (Hydroxyethane OR (Methyl ADJ1 carbinol) OR (Pure ADJ1 alcohol) OR (Grain ADJ1 alcohol) OR (Ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR Ethanol* OR bioethanol* OR (fermentation ADJ1 alcohol) OR methylcarbinol) 339673 hits
Any classification C12P OR C12N OR C12F OR C07C OR C07D 305(162 unique hits)
4 Combined query 1 AND 2 AND 3 3905(2207 unique hits)
Relevancy-50%
Final Query
Final Query Combined query Query1 + Query 2 9669(5847 unique hits)
Relevancy-30%


Note:The above mentioned benzamide is converted to benzoic acid which is then converted to terephthalic acid.

New search stratergy

S.No Concept Scope Search string Hits
Query 1
1 Bio-Production of Terephthalic acid Full patent spec. (((terephthalic OR Terepthalic) NEAR4 (produce* OR production OR conver* OR synthes* OR biotransformation)) NEAR10 ((plant NEAR5 source) OR biological OR glucose OR fructose* OR sucrose OR starch OR cellulose OR biomass OR waste* OR biotransformation OR feedstock)) 152 hits
2 Production of Terephthalic acid from 2,5-furandicarboxylate Full patent spec. (*4Benzenecarboxylic OR *4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene*2para*2dicarboxylic OR benzene*5dicarboxylic OR Benzene*p*dicarboxylic OR p*Benzenedicarboxylic OR p*Carboxybenzoic OR p*Phthalic OR Para*Phthalic OR (Terephthalic ADJ1 acid) OR Acide*2terephtalique OR Kyselina*2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid) 104258 hits
3 Full patent spec. "2,5-furandicarboxylate" OR *furandicarboxylate OR (furane ADJ1 dicarboxylate) OR furfurandicarboxylate OR (oxole ADJ1 dicarboxylate)OR (divinyl ADJ1 oxide ADJ1 dicarboxylate) 174 hits
4 Combined Query 2 AND 3 20
5 Bio-Production of Terephthalic acid from Xylene Full patent spec. (((*4Benzenecarboxylic OR *4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene*2para*2dicarboxylic OR benzene*5dicarboxylic OR Benzene*p*dicarboxylic OR p*Benzenedicarboxylic OR p*Carboxybenzoic OR p*Phthalic OR Para*Phthalic OR Terephthalic) ADJ acid) OR Acide*2terephtalique OR Kyselina*2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid) 102948 hits
6 Claims, Title or Abstract ((bio* OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur*3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversion OR cataly*3 OR *synthe*)) 360711 hits
7 Full patent spec. "1,4-dimethylbenzene" OR "p-methyltoluene" OR "1,4-xylene" OR *5dimethylbenzene OR *5xylene OR *3methyltoluene 507183 hits
8 Combined Query 5 AND 6 AND 7 25(20 Unique hits)
9 Combined Query 1 OR 4OR 8 189 (101 Unique Hits)
Relevancy-10%
Query 2
S.No Concept Scope Search string Hits
10 Production of Ethylene through Biological process Claims, Title or Abstract ((bio OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur*3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversation OR cataly*3)) OR ferment* OR microorganism* OR microb* OR *bacteria* 360711 hits
11 Claims, Title or Abstract (Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene* OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins)) 410332 hits
12 Full patent spec. *methionine OR (acc ADJ1 synthase) OR "1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase" OR ACCsynthase OR (*2aminocyclopropane*3carboxylate ADJ1 synthase) 60755 hits
13 C12N OR C12P 570454
14 Combined Query 11 AND 12 AND 13 331
15 Production of Ethylene from Ethanol Claims, Title or Abstract Ethanol OR (ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR (grain ADJ1 alcohol) 134288 hits
16 Claims, Title or Abstract (Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene* OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins)) 410332 hits
17 Claims, Title or Abstract produc*5 OR conver*5 OR manufactur*3 OR synthes*6 OR process OR method 13960381 hits
18 Claims, Title or Abstract (dehydrat* OR (water ADJ1 removal) OR hypohydrat* OR cataly* OR zeolite* OR silica OR alumina OR (trifluoromethanesulfonic ADJ1 acid) OR evaporat* OR desiccation OR drying OR trifluoromethanesulfonicacid OR (water NEAR5 remov*)) 1643133 hits
19 Any Classification C07C OR B01D 1267051 hits
20 Combined Query 15 OR 16 OR 17 OR 18 OR 19 2606 (1863 Unique hits)
20 Final Query 14 OR 20 2936 (2046 Unique hits)
20 Relevency-20%
21 Final Query Query 1+Query2 3123(2145 unique hits)
Relevancy-15%

IP Analysis for conversion of ethanol into ethylene

IP Activity

IP Activity

Top Assignee for patents related to conversion of Ethanol to Ethylene

Top Assignees


Patent Analysis

  1. Click here for Patent Analysis Sheet

Dashboard link

Dashboard

IP Analysis for patents related to biological production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural

IP Activity

Top Assignee

Top Assignee for patents related to biological production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural

Top Assignees

Patent Analysis

  1. Click here for Patent Analysis Sheet

Dashboard link

Dashboard

IP Analysis for conversion of ethanol into ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid

IP Activity

Top Assignee

Top Assignee for patents related to conversion of Ethanol to ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid

Top Assignees

Patent Analysis

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