View source for BIOSIS / 1998:497819

AN   
     1998:497819  BIOSIS
DN   
     PREV199800497819
TI   
     Neuro-humoral regulation of lipolysis: Physiological and pathological
     aspects. 
AU   
     Lafontan, Max [Reprint author]; Langin, Dominique
CS   
     Inserm U. 317, Inst. Louis-Bugnard, Univ. Paul-Sabatier, CHU Rangueil,
     Batiment L3, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
SO   
     M-S (Medecine Sciences), (Aug.-Sept., 1998) Vol. 14, No. 8-9, pp. 865-876.
     print. 
     ISSN: 0767-0974. 
DT   
     Article
     General Review; (Literature Review)
LA   
     French
ED   
     Entered STN: 18 Nov 1998
     Last Updated on STN: 18 Nov 1998
AB   
     Lipolysis in white fat cells plays a central role in the regulation of
     energy balance.  Triacylglycerols (TAG) stored in the adipocytes are
     hydrolysed consecutively to hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
     activation during the stimulation of lipolysis.  HSL catalyses the
     hydrolysis of TAG to diacylglycerol and then to monoacylglycerol.  The
     hydrolysis of the monoacylglycerol-fatty acid bond is assured by a
     monoacylglycerol lipase.  HSL is phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent
     protein kinase.  Genomic organization and functional domains of rodent and
     human hormone-sensitive lipase have recently been studied.  Acute
     regulation of HSL by catecholamines and insulin is well documented.
     Non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol released by adipose tissue are
     taken up by other tissues where they are metabolized.  The local blood
     flow in adipose tissue modulates the mobilization and the re-utilization
     of fatty acids.  Local blood flow and lipolysis are regulated by hormonal
     factors and influenced by a number of physiological factors such as diets,
     exercise, aging and sex.  Insulin and catecholamines are the major
     hormonal regulators of lipolysis.  Their control of lipolysis is subjected
     to variations according to the anatomical localization of adipose tissue
     deposits.  In human, lipolysis differs in visceral and subcutaneous
     deposits.  Insulin exerts its antilipolytic action through the stimulation
     of adipocyte phosphodiesterase 3B.  Four adrenoceptor subtypes are
     involved in the adrenergic regulation of white and brown fat cell
     lipolysis.  The control of adenylyl cyclase activity involves stimulatory
     beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptors and inhibitory
     alpha2-adrenoceptors.  Many clinical disorders are accompanied by
     alteration in adipocyte lipolysis.  Alteration of hormone-sensitive
     lipase activity and of catecholamine-induced lipolysis have been
     reported in obesity, familial combined hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance
     syndrome and diabetes.  Changes in beta- and alpha2-adrenoceptor ratios
     and function as well as impairment of HSL function have been proposed to
     explain the lipolytic disturbances.
CC   
     Metabolism - General metabolism and metabolic pathways   13002
     Nervous system - General and methods   20501
IT   
     Major Concepts
        Metabolism
IT   
     Parts, Structures, & Systems of Organisms
        adipocyte, lipolytic disorders
IT   
     Diseases
        obesity: nutritional disease
        Obesity (MeSH)
IT   
     Chemicals & Biochemicals
        hormone-sensitive lipase; triacylglycerols: hydrolysis
IT   Miscellaneous Descriptors
        clinical applications; lipolysis: neurohumoral regulation;
        pathophysiology; physiology
ORGN 
     Classifier
        Hominidae   86215
     Super Taxa
        Primates; Mammalia; Vertebrata; Chordata; Animalia
     Organism Name
        human: patient
     Taxa Notes
        Animals, Chordates, Humans, Mammals, Primates, Vertebrates
ORGN 
     Classifier
        Rodentia   86265
     Super Taxa
        Mammalia; Vertebrata; Chordata; Animalia
     Organism Name
        rodent: animal model
     Taxa Notes
        Animals, Chordates, Mammals, Nonhuman Vertebrates, Nonhuman Mammals,
        Rodents, Vertebrates
RN   
     9001-62-1 (LIPASE)