https://www.dolcera.com/wiki/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Thungana.praveen&feedformat=atomDolceraWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T13:15:57ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.24wmf12https://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=HEM_Search_Strategy&diff=11155HEM Search Strategy2016-03-29T08:25:58Z<p>Thungana.praveen: Created page with "*Timeline: 01/01/1991- 27/12/2011 *CTB :- Claims,Title & Abstract *FS :- Fullspec *Search Database : Thomsoninnovation {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%..."</p>
<hr />
<div>*Timeline: 01/01/1991- 27/12/2011<br />
*CTB :- Claims,Title & Abstract<br />
*FS :- Fullspec<br />
*Search Database : Thomsoninnovation<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Query'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Hits'''</font><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''1'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Home Energy Management <nowiki>[</nowiki>HEM<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|CTB=((Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) ADJ2 ((power OR energy OR electric*3 OR current*1 OR voltage*1) ADJ2 (manage*4 OR control*4 OR monitor*3 OR saving ADJ *1 OR information OR consum*5 OR usage)));<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2924<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''2'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''Smart grid Keywords'''<br />
|(((Smart OR Intelli*5 OR Future OR Super OR Inter OR Intra OR Micro OR Macro OR Utility OR Power OR Green OR electric) ADJ2 grid*1) OR Smartgrid*1 OR (Smart ADJ3 (Electric* OR Power OR energy)) OR Intelligrid*1 OR Futuregrid*1 OR Intergrid*1 OR Intragrid*1 OR Supergrid*1 OR microgrid*1 OR macrogrid*1 OR greengrid*1 OR powergrid*1 OR utilitygrid*1 OR intelligentgrid*1 OR electricgrid)<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''3'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''HEM <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTA<nowiki>]</nowiki> and Smart grid <nowiki>[</nowiki>FS<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''1 AND 2'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1864<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''4'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''HEM <nowiki>[</nowiki>FS<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>+</nowiki> User Interface<nowiki>[</nowiki>CTA<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|CTB=((Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) SAME ((power OR energy OR electric*3 OR current*1 OR voltage*1) NEAR3 (manage*4 OR control*4 OR monitor*3 OR saving*1 OR optimi?ation OR information OR consum*5 OR usage)) AND (Computer*1 OR Desktop OR Laptop OR Phone*1 OR smartphone*1 OR (Personal ADJ2 digital ADJ2 assitant*1) OR Handset*1 OR Tablet*1 OR (Mobile ADJ2 Terminal*1) OR palm*4 OR ((Handheld OR Portable OR Cellular) ADJ2 Device*1) OR display*1 OR ((Graphical OR (web adj2 based)) ADJ2 user ADJ2 interface*1) OR touchpad*1 OR (touch ADJ2 screen*1) OR iphone*1 OR IPad*1 OR Netbook*1 OR (dashboard ADJ2 screen*1))) AND ALL=(((Smart OR Intelli*5 OR Future OR Super OR Inter OR Intra OR Micro OR Macro OR Utility OR Power OR Green OR electric) ADJ2 grid*1) OR Smartgrid*1 OR (Smart ADJ3 (Electric* OR Power OR energy)) OR Intelligrid*1 OR Futuregrid*1 OR Intergrid*1 OR Intragrid*1 OR Supergrid*1 OR microgrid*1 OR macrogrid*1 OR greengrid*1 OR powergrid*1 OR utilitygrid*1 OR intelligentgrid*1 OR electricgrid);<br />
|align = "center"|885<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''5'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''HEM <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTA<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>+</nowiki> (Gateways or Communication)'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|CTB=(((Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) NEAR5 ((power OR energy OR electric*3 OR current*1 OR voltage*1) NEAR3 (manage*4 OR control*4 OR monitor*3 OR saving ADJ *1 OR optimi?ation OR information OR consum*5 OR usage))) SAME (Communicat*3 OR gateway*1 OR multispeak OR (wire*4 Near2 Transmi*5) OR (Remote*2 NEAR2 (Access*3 OR Control*4))));<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|4417<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''6'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''HEM <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTA<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>+</nowiki> Smart Meters<nowiki>[</nowiki>CTA<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|CTB=((Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) NEAR5 ((power OR energy OR electric*3 OR current*1 OR voltage*1) NEAR3 (manage*4 OR control*4 OR monitor*3 OR saving ADJ *1 OR optimi?ation OR information OR consum*5 OR usage))) AND CTB=((((Smart OR utility OR intelligent) ADJ2 (meter*3 OR (Measur*4 ADJ (Device*1 OR unit*1)))) AND (electric*3 OR current*1 OR voltage*1 OR power)) OR ((electric*3 OR power) ADJ2 (meter*3 OR (Measur*4 ADJ (Device*1 OR unit*1)))));<br />
|align = "center"|982<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''7'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Home load management <nowiki>+</nowiki> Smart grid'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|CTB=((Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) SAME ((thermostat*1 OR (air ADJ2 condition*3) OR refrigerator*1 OR (electric*2 adj2 vehicle*1) OR PHEV*1 OR (wash*3 ADJ2 machin*3) OR television*1 OR fan*1 OR oven*1 OR appliance*1 OR load*1 OR good*1 OR device*1 OR Gadget*1 OR equipment*1) NEAR3 (manage*4 OR control*4 OR monitor*3 OR saving ADJ *1 OR optimi?ation OR information OR consum*5 OR usage)) AND (Electric*3 OR power OR energy OR voltage OR current)) AND ALL=(((Smart OR Intelli*5 OR Future OR Super OR Inter OR Intra OR Micro OR Macro OR Utility OR Power OR Green OR electric) ADJ2 grid*1) OR Smartgrid*1 OR (Smart ADJ3 (Electric* OR Power OR energy)) OR Intelligrid*1 OR Futuregrid*1 OR Intergrid*1 OR Intragrid*1 OR Supergrid*1 OR microgrid*1 OR macrogrid*1 OR greengrid*1 OR powergrid*1 OR utilitygrid*1 OR intelligentgrid*1 OR electricgrid);<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1121<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''8'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''Power management PM Classes'''<br />
|UC=(700291 OR 700292 OR 700293 OR 700294 OR 700295 OR 700297 OR 700298 OR 700299 OR 700300 OR 340506) OR AIOE=(H04W005200 OR H04W005204 OR H04W005230 OR H04W005234 OR G01R001100) OR FTC=(5B011LL01 OR 5B011LL02 OR 5B011LL05 OR 5B011LL06 OR 5B011LL10 OR 5B011LL11 OR 5B011LL12 OR 5B011LL14 OR 5B011LL15 OR 5K048HA31 OR 5K048HA32 OR 5K048HA34 OR 5K048HA35 OR 5K048HA39 OR 3L060AA03) OR MC=(X12-H09));<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''9'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Home <nowiki>[</nowiki>KW<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>+</nowiki> Smart grid <nowiki>[</nowiki>FS<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|CTB=(Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) AND ALL=(((Smart OR Intelli*5 OR Future OR Super OR Inter OR Intra OR Micro OR Macro OR Utility OR Power OR Green OR electric) ADJ2 grid*1) OR Smartgrid*1 OR (Smart ADJ3 (Electric* OR Power OR energy)) OR Intelligrid*1 OR Futuregrid*1 OR Intergrid*1 OR Intragrid*1 OR Supergrid*1 OR microgrid*1 OR macrogrid*1 OR greengrid*1 OR powergrid*1 OR utilitygrid*1 OR intelligentgrid*1 OR electricgrid) <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''10'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''Home <nowiki>[</nowiki>KW<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>+</nowiki> Smart grid <nowiki>[</nowiki>FS<nowiki>]</nowiki> AND PM <nowiki>[</nowiki>CL<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''8 AND 9'''<br />
|align = "center"|472<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''11'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Home Smart Meters <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|CTB=((Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) SAME ((((Smart OR utility OR intelligent) ADJ2 (meter*3 OR (Measur*4 ADJ (Device*1 OR unit*1)))) AND (electric*3 OR current*1 OR voltage*1 OR power)) OR ((electric*3 OR power) ADJ2 (meter*3 OR (Measur*4 ADJ (Device*1 OR unit*1)))))) <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''12'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''Home Smart Meters <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki> AND PM <nowiki>[</nowiki>CL<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''8 AND 11'''<br />
|align = "center"|435<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''13'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Home appliances <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|CTB=((Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) SAME (thermostat*1 OR (air ADJ2 condition*3) OR refrigerator*1 OR (electric*2 adj2 vehicle*1) OR PHEV*1 OR (wash*3 ADJ2 machin*3) OR television*1 OR fan*1 OR oven*1 OR appliance*1 OR load*1 OR good*1 OR device*1 OR Gadget*1 OR equipment*1))<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''14'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''Home Appliances <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki> AND PM <nowiki>[</nowiki>CL<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''8 AND 13'''<br />
|align = "center"|4421<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''15'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Plug in hybrid vehicles(PHEV) Classes'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| (AIOE=(B60R001602 OR B60R001603 OR F24F001100 OR H02J000314) OR FTC=(5G062))<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''16'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''HEM <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki> AND PHEV <nowiki>[</nowiki>CL<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''1 AND 15'''<br />
|align = "center"|1043<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''17'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|''' Smart meter Classes'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|UC=(702057 OR 702060 OR 702062 OR 702062 OR 702127 OR 700300 OR 340870.02) OR AIOE=(G01R002200) OR FTC=(2G026) OR MC=(X12-H04A OR X12-H04C OR X12-H04D OR X12-H04E));<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''18'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''HEM <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki> AND Smart meters<nowiki>[</nowiki>CL<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''1 AND 17'''<br />
|align = "center"|1001<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''19'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Home appliances management <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki> '''<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|CTB=(((Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) SAME (thermostat*1 OR (air ADJ2 condition*3) OR refrigerator*1 OR (electric*2 adj2 vehicle*1) OR PHEV*1 OR (wash*3 ADJ2 machin*3) OR television*1 OR fan*1 OR oven*1 OR appliance*1 OR load*1 OR good*1 OR device*1 OR Gadget*1 OR equipment*1)) NEAR3 (manage*4 OR control*4 OR monitor*3 OR saving*1 OR optimi?ation OR information OR consum*5 OR usage)) <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''20'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''Home appliances management <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki> AND Smart meters <nowiki>[</nowiki>CL<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''17 AND 19'''<br />
|align = "center"|380<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''21'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Monitoring & control (M&C)Classes'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|UC=(702183 OR 702188) OR AIOE=(H04L001226M2B2 OR H04L001226M3A2 OR H04L001228H3B OR G05B001907 OR H04N0005374A OR G05B001904* OR G05B001502) OR FTC=(2F073EE16 OR 2G126 OR 2G013 OR 5B011FF03 OR 5B011FF04 OR 5B011GG01 OR 5B011GG02 OR 5B011GG03 OR 5B011GG04 OR 5B011GG06 OR 5B011GG12 OR 5B011GG13 OR 5B011GG16 OR 5B011GG17 OR 3L030CC10 OR 5G064* OR 5G064AA09) OR MC=(W05-D07A OR W05-D07C OR U24-H04 OR U24-K OR X12-H03A3 OR X12-H04));<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''22'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''Home energy <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>+</nowiki>Smart Grid<nowiki>[</nowiki>FS<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|CTB=((Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) NEAR5 (power OR energy OR electric*3 OR current*1 OR voltage*1)) AND ALL=(((Smart OR Intelli*5 OR Future OR Super OR Inter OR Intra OR Micro OR Macro OR Utility OR Power OR Green OR electric) ADJ2 grid*1) OR Smartgrid*1 OR (Smart ADJ3 (Electric* OR Power OR energy)) OR Intelligrid*1 OR Futuregrid*1 OR Intergrid*1 OR Intragrid*1 OR Supergrid*1 OR microgrid*1 OR macrogrid*1 OR greengrid*1 OR powergrid*1 OR utilitygrid*1 OR intelligentgrid*1 OR electricgrid)<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''23'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Home energy <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>+</nowiki>Smart Grid<nowiki>[</nowiki>FS<nowiki>]</nowiki> AND M&C <nowiki>[</nowiki>CL<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''21 AND 22'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|424<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''24'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''Home Appliances <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>+</nowiki>Smart Grid<nowiki>[</nowiki>FS<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|CTB=((Home or inhome OR residential OR building*1 OR office*1 OR House*5 OR Inhouse OR domestic OR commercial OR (end adj user*1)) SAME (thermostat*1 OR (air ADJ2 condition*3) OR refrigerator*1 OR (electric*2 adj2 vehicle*1) OR PHEV*1 OR (wash*3 ADJ2 machin*3) OR television*1 OR fan*1 OR oven*1 OR appliance*1 OR load*1 OR good*1 OR device*1 OR Gadget*1 OR equipment*1)) AND ALL=(((Smart OR Intelli*5 OR Future OR Super OR Inter OR Intra OR Micro OR Macro OR Utility OR Power OR Green OR electric) ADJ2 grid*1) OR Smartgrid*1 OR (Smart ADJ3 (Electric* OR Power OR energy)) OR Intelligrid*1 OR Futuregrid*1 OR Intergrid*1 OR Intragrid*1 OR Supergrid*1 OR microgrid*1 OR macrogrid*1 OR greengrid*1 OR powergrid*1 OR utilitygrid*1 OR intelligentgrid*1 OR electricgrid)<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''25'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Home Appliances <nowiki>[</nowiki>CTB<nowiki>]</nowiki> <nowiki>+</nowiki>Smart Grid<nowiki>[</nowiki>FS<nowiki>]</nowiki> AND M&C <nowiki>[</nowiki>CL<nowiki>]</nowiki>'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''21 AND 24'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|272<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''26'''</font><br />
|align = "center"|'''Final Query'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 10 OR 12 OR 14 OR 16 OR 18 OR 20 OR '''<br />
|align = "center"|'''14268 (8860 Families)'''<br />
<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Classification(US,_IPC,_ECLA,_F-Term)&diff=11154Classification(US, IPC, ECLA, F-Term)2016-03-29T08:25:49Z<p>Thungana.praveen: Created page with "==Classification== ===US Classes=== {|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" |align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''US Class Code'''</..."</p>
<hr />
<div>==Classification==<br />
===US Classes===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''US Class Code'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Definition'''</font><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc340/sched340.htm 340]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Communications: Electrical<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|340506<br />
|Digital comparator systems condition responsive indicating system / with particular system function (e.g., temperature compensation, calibration) / alarm system supervision<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|340870.02<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Communications: electrical / with meter readiing<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc700/sched700.htm 700]</u></font><br />
|Data processing: generic control systems or specific applications<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|700291<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Data processing: generic control systems or specific applications / electrical power generation or distribution system / energy consumption or demand prediction or estimation <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|700292<br />
|Electrical power generation or distribution system /System protection (e.g., circuit interrupter, circuit limiter, voltage suppressor) <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|700293<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Electrical power generation or distribution system /System protection (e.g., circuit interrupter, circuit limiter, voltage suppressor) /Abnormal power, current, or impedance condition <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|700294<br />
|Electrical power generation or distribution system /System protection (e.g., circuit interrupter, circuit limiter, voltage suppressor) /Abnormal phase, waveform, or polarity condition <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|700295<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Data processing: generic control systems or specific applications / electrical power generation or distribution system / power allocation management (e.g., load adding/shedding) <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|700296<br />
|Data processing: generic control systems or specific applications / electrical power generation or distribution system / power allocation management (e.g., load adding/shedding) - Time based control (e.g., real time or duty cycle)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|700297<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Electrical power generation or distribution system /Power supply regulation operation <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|700298<br />
|Electrical power generation or distribution system /Power supply regulation operation /By voltage regulation <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|700299<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Specific application of temperature responsive control system <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|700300<br />
| Data processing: generic control systems or specific applications / specific application of temperature responsive control system/ for heating or cooling<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc702/sched702.htm 702]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Data processing: measuring, calibrating, or testing<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|702057<br />
|Measurement system in a specific environment / Electrical signal parameter measurement system<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|702060<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Electrical signal parameter measurement system / power parameter<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|702062<br />
|Electrical signal parameter measurement system / power parameter / power logging (e.g., metering) / including communication means<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|702062<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Measurement system in a specific environment / electrical signal parameter measurement system: / power parameter /power logging (e.g., metering): / including communication means:<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|702127<br />
|Data processing: measuring, calibrating, or testing / measurement system <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|702183<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|data processing: measuring, calibrating, or testing / measurement system / performance or efficiency evaluation /diagnostic analysis <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|702188<br />
|data processing: measuring, calibrating, or testing / measurement system / remote supervisory monitoring <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===IPC classes===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''IPC Class Code'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Definition'''</font><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/eclasrch?classification=ecla&locale=en_EP&ECLA=b60r B60R]</u></font><br />
|Vehicles, vehicle fittings, or vehicle parts, not otherwise provided for<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|B60R001602<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for / electric <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|&nbsp;B60R001603<br />
|Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for / electric for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/eclasrch?classification=ecla&locale=en_EP&ECLA=F24F F24F]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation, use of air currents for screening<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|F24F001100<br />
|Control or safety systems or apparatus<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/eclasrch?classification=ecla&locale=en_EP&ECLA=G01R G01R]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Measuring electric variables; measuring magnetic variables<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|G01R001100<br />
|Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. of consumption (monitoring electric consumption of electrically-propelled vehicles<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|G01R002200<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters (electromechanical arrangements therefor<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/eclasrch?classification=ecla&locale=en_EP&ECLA=G05B G05B]</u></font><br />
|Control or regulating systems in general; functional elements of such systems; monitoring or testing arrangements for such systems or elements<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|G05B001502<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Systems controlled by a computer/ electric<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|G05B001904<br />
|Systems controlled by a computer/ electric / Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| G05B001907<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Systems controlled by a computer/ electric / Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers / where the programme is defined in the fixed connection of electrical elements, e.g. potentiometers, counters, transistors<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/eclasrch?classification=ecla&locale=en_EP&ECLA=H02J H02J]</u></font><br />
|Circuit arrangements or systems for supplying or distributing electric power; systems for storing electric energy<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|H02J000314<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks / for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load / by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/eclasrch?classification=ecla&locale=en_EP&ECLA=H04W H04W]</u></font><br />
|Wireless communications networks<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|H04W005200<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Power management, e.g. TPC <nowiki>[</nowiki>Transmission Power Control<nowiki>]</nowiki>, power saving or power classes <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|H04W005204 <br />
|TPC <nowiki>[</nowiki>Transmission power control<nowiki>]</nowiki> <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|H04W005230<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|H04W005234<br />
|TPC management, i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types, e.g. cell loading <br />
|}<br />
<br />
===ECLA classes===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''ECLA Class Code'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Definition'''</font><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/eclasrch?classification=ecla&locale=en_EP&ECLA=H04L H04L]</u></font><br />
|Data switching networks<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|H04L001226M2B2<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Data switching networks / Details / Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements / Monitoring arrangements / processing of captured monitoring data / Report generation / for device related reporting<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| H04L001226M3A2<br />
|Data switching networks / Details / Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements / Monitoring arrangements / Monitoring using or based on specific metrics / based on availability / based on functioning <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| H04L001228H3B<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Data switching networks / characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN <nowiki>[</nowiki>Local Area Networks<nowiki>]</nowiki> or WAN <nowiki>[</nowiki>Wide Area Networks<nowiki>]</nowiki> / Home automation networks /Controlling appliance services of a home automation network by calling their functionalities / based on user interaction within the home <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://worldwide.espacenet.com/eclasrch?classification=ecla&locale=en_EP&ECLA=H04N H04N]</u></font><br />
|Pictorial communication, e.g. television <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|H04N0005374A<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Transforming light or analogous information into electric information / using solid-state image sensors / SSIS architecture; Circuitry associated therewith / Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors / comprising control or output lines sharing a plurality of functions, e.g. output or driving or reset or power lines<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===F-Term Classes===<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''F-Term Code'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Definition'''</font><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 2F073EE16<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Arrangements for transmission of measured signals / Monitoring of reliability and electric sources / long-distance management of local power<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 2G013<br />
|Apparatuses for measuring time integral of electric power or current<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 2G026<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Power meters; power and power factor measurement; test and calibration<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 2G126<br />
|Measuring of electric power, power factor, electric energy; test, calibration<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 3L030CC10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Air conditioning controllers / Sensing parameters / power, current<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 3L060AA03<br />
|Energy reduction, more efficiency<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011FF03<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Configuration of power source and system/ Remote power supply control<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5B011FF04<br />
|Configuration of power source and system/ Remote power supply control /Network systems<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011GG01<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Monitoring power source/ Monitoring ac power sources<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5B011GG02<br />
|Monitoring power source/ Monitoring dc power sources<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011GG03<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Monitoring power source/ Monitoring dc power sources/ Monitoring voltages<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5B011GG04<br />
|Monitoring power source/ Monitoring dc power sources / Monitoring voltages /Direct monitoring by using voltage comparing means<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011GG06<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Monitoring power source/ Monitoring dc power sources / Monitoring currents<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5B011GG11<br />
|Monitoring power source / Using simulated loads<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011GG12<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Monitoring power source / Measuring power interrupted time or checking power failures<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5B011GG13<br />
|Monitoring power source/ Predicting power supply conditions<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011GG16<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Monitoring power source/ Detecting failures of power supply arrangements<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5B011GG17<br />
|Monitoring power source / Testing or diagnosing power sources<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011LL01<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Power saving, excluding automatic power cutoff / by preventing current leakage<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5B011LL02<br />
| Power saving, excluding automatic power cutoff / by controlling or selecting voltages<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011LL05<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Power saving, excluding automatic power cutoff / by special structures<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5B011LL06<br />
| Power saving, excluding automatic power cutoff / by special structures / Power saving before starting to use<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011LL10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Power saving, excluding automatic power cutoff/ Power saving in backup power sources<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5B011LL11<br />
| Power saving, excluding automatic power cutoff / by switching to power saving modes<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011LL12<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Power saving, excluding automatic power cutoff / by switching to power saving modes / by switching CPU modes<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5B011LL14<br />
| Power saving, excluding automatic power cutoff / by switching to power saving modes / by switching CPU modes / by switching the modes of peripheral devices<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5B011LL15<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Power saving, excluding automatic power cutoff / by switching to power saving modes / by switching CPU modes / by switching the modes of peripheral devices / by changing display brightness<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 5G062<br />
|Electric energy storage systems<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 5G064<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Remote monitoring and control of power-distribution networks<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| 5G064AA09<br />
|Remote monitoring and control of power-distribution networks / Combined use of signal transmission lines with other lines / Combined use with alternating-current power lines<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5K048HA31<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Components /Power supplies<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5K048HA32<br />
|Components /Power supplies /Remote supply of power supplies<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5K048HA34<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Components /Power supplies /Monitor parts of power supplies<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|5K048HA35<br />
|Components /Power supplies /Reserve power supplies<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5K048HA39<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Components /Power supplies/ Solar cells<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===DWPI Classes===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''DWPI Manualcodes'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Definition'''</font><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|U24-H04<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Power management techniques - Includes operation of a PSU to save/reduce battery energy dissipation and mains power. Operation measures may include switching off or operating in low power consumption mode, slowing of processor clock frequency, current/voltage control .<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|U24-K<br />
|PSU power-saving mode/operation - This code covers operation of a power supply unit within portable equipment to reduce battery dissipation. <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|W05-D07A<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|For home automation-Includes home bus systems. Heating, ventilating, air conditioning, water heater,lighting<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|W05-D07C<br />
|For building control - Includes systems for intelligent buildings.HVAC, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, environment control, computer, sensor interrogation, alarm.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|X12-H03A3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Switching control for equipment connected to mains supply / Includes remotely generated signals to switch domestic equipment, e.g. air conditioner, fridge etc., on and off.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| X12-H04<br />
|Utility load measurements<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| X12-H04A<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Remote metering / Includes arrangements for obtaining meter readings from the customer premises-based meters. Customers, in this context, include domestic, commercial and industrial users. <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| X12-H04C<br />
|Individual transmission/distribution/mains - Includes current, voltage, power, energy, frequency, etc.meters, per se. Does not include meters not designed for the purpose of generation, ansmission/distribution.<br>Where the meter has the facility to be interrogated by a central station or electricity provider.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| X12-H04D<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Metering/measurement systems - Includes arrangements/circuitry for obtaining measures of voltage, current, etc for power systems.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| X12-H04E<br />
|Other metering/measurement systems - Includes recording of transients, harmonics, over voltages/current data, line fault parameters, lightning strikes, etc.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|X12-H09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Other power supply/distribution aspects<br />
<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Search_Concept_Table&diff=11153Search Concept Table2016-03-29T08:25:34Z<p>Thungana.praveen: Created page with "{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" |align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font> |align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Home'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Control'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Measuring parameters'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''User Interface '''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Electric appliances'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Smart Grid '''</font><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''1'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Home <br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Consumption<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Power<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Computer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|electric loads<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Smart Grid <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''2'''</font><br />
|Residential <br />
|Control<br />
|Energy<br />
|Desktop<br />
|domestic appliances<br />
|Micro grid<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''3'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|House <br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Reduce<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Electrical energy<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Laptop<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|white good types<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Green Grid<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''4'''</font><br />
|Building <br />
|Monitor<br />
|Current<br />
|Phone<br />
|lighting equipments<br />
|Intelligrid<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''5'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Office <br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Saving<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Voltage<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Smartphone<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|HVAC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|intelligent grid<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''6'''</font><br />
|Domestic <br />
|Management<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|Personal digital assitant<br />
|PHEV<br />
|utility grid<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''7'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Consumer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Conservation<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Handset<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|power grid<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''8'''</font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|Balancing<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|Tablet<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|macrogrid <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''9'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Scheduling<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Mobile Terminal<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|future grid<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''10'''</font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|Optimization<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|Palm<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|intragrid<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''11'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Automation<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Handheld Device<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|intergrid<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''12'''</font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|Portable Device<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''13'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cellular Device<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''14'''</font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|Display<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''15'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Graphical user interface<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''16'''</font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|webbased user interface<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''17'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Touchpad<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''18'''</font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|Touch screen<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''19'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Iphone<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''20'''</font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|IPad<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''21'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Netbook<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''22'''</font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|Dashboard screen<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Control_Patents&diff=11152Control Patents2016-03-29T08:23:46Z<p>Thungana.praveen: Created page with "{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" |align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No.'''</font> |align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|..."</p>
<hr />
<div>{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' Publication Number'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Assignee/Applicant '''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Inventors'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' Title'''</font><br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''1'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220110098869%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20110098869&RS=DN/20110098869 US20110098869A1]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|4/28/2011<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|LG Electronics Inc<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|SEO, Mun Seok<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Electric appliance and a control method thereof<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''2'''</font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220110153100%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20110153100&RS=DN/20110153100 US20110153100A1]</u></font><br />
|6/23/2011<br />
|General Electric Company<br />
|Besore, John K.<br />
|Demand response appliance power consumption feedback<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''3'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220110153109%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20110153109&RS=DN/20110153109 US20110153109A1]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|6/23/2011<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|General Electric Company<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|DRAKE, JEFF DONALD<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Demand response appliance module<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''4'''</font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4964058.PN.&OS=PN/4964058&RS=PN/4964058 US4964058A]</u></font><br />
|10/16/1990<br />
|Square D Company<br />
|Brown, Jr., Robert J.<br />
|Power management and automation system<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''5'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220110202198%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20110202198&RS=DN/20110202198 US20110202198A1]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|8/18/2011<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|General Electric Company<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Venkatakrishnan, Natarajan<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Low cost and flexible energy management system with a scheduling capability<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''6'''</font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=8024073.PN.&OS=PN/8024073&RS=PN/8024073 US8024073B2]</u></font><br />
|9/20/2011<br />
|Allure Energy Inc<br />
|Imes, Kevin<br />
|Energy management system<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''7'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030233201%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030233201&RS=DN/20030233201 US20030233201A1]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|12/18/2003<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Whirlpool Corporation<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Horst, Gale, Richard<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Total home energy management<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''8'''</font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7990985.PN.&OS=PN/7990985&RS=PN/7990985 US7990985B2]</u></font><br />
|8/2/2011<br />
|3E Technologies International Inc<br />
|Chen, Steven Chien-Young<br />
|Broadband communications access device<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''9'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030050737%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030050737&RS=DN/20030050737 US20030050737A1]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3/13/2003<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Strategic Design Federation W Inc<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Osann, Robert<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Energy-smart home system<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''10'''</font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220110264286%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20110264286&RS=DN/20110264286 US20110264286A1]</u></font><br />
|10/27/2011<br />
|LG Electronics Inc<br />
|Park, Jong Soo<br />
|Smart control device<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''11'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090147696%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090147696&RS=DN/20090147696 US20090147696A1]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|6/11/2009<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|PARK, Wan Ki<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Apparatus and control method for energy-aware home gateway based on network<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''12'''</font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100318235%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100318235&RS=DN/20100318235 US20100318235A1]</u></font><br />
|12/16/2010<br />
|People Power Company<br />
|Moss, David<br />
|System for monitoring energy consumption of an electrical appliance<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''13'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2011103278 WO2011103278A1]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|8/25/2011<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|LG Electronics Inc<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|LEE, Hoonbong<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Network system<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''14'''</font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://v3.espacenet.com/searchResults?NUM=GB2478315A&DB=EPODOC&submitted=true&locale=en_V3&ST=number&compact=false GB2478315A]</u></font><br />
|9/7/2011<br />
|Toshiba Research Europe<br />
|Haines, Russell John<br />
|Energy management<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''15'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7991513.PN.&OS=PN/7991513&RS=PN/7991513 US7991513B2]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|8/2/2011<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Ecodog Inc<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pitt, Ronald L.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Electric energy bill reduction in dynamic pricing environments<br />
<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=11104Main Page2015-07-28T09:17:04Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Intellectual Property (IP) Services */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]</font><br />
<br />
== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey; width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVUFcz2dpIM Video])<br />
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsZLUSPn3cg Video])<br />
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]<br />
* [[Non-wovens]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Smart Drug Delivery Systems]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vARe9eBFsq4 Video])<br />
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]<br />
* [[SC Johnson]]<br />
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4fI1rjPjSg Video])<br />
* [[Bio-PET]]<br />
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]<br />
* [[Antibody against TNF]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives in packaging]] <br />
* [[Template - Production Of Therapeutic Glycoproteins|Production of Therapeutic Glycoproteins]]<br />
* [[Market Research Tools Landscape]]<br />
<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]<br />
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]<br />
* [[Insurance sector]]<br />
* [[CDMA Basics]]<br />
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]<br />
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]<br />
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvZqBy8XvIE Video])<br />
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]<br />
* [[Transactional memory]]<br />
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]<br />
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]<br />
* [[Wind Energy]]<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>STN Search Reports</b></font><br />
* [[Markush Search Report]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dashboard</b></font><br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live] <br />
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]) <br />
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=130 Opioid Dashboard]<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dashboard</b></font><br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]<br />
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live] <br />
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>IP Valuation</b></font><br />
<br />
*[[Holographic Image Display]]<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search</b></font><br />
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]<br />
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Study: In re Bilski Impact</b></font><br />
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search</b></font><br />
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Chart Sample]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Clinical Trial Database===<br />
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]<br />
<br />
== Business & Information Research Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[Strategic Insights:Heart Valve Replacement Market - India]]<br />
* [[Impact on Sales of a Drug going Off-Patent]]<br />
* [[Application of Conjoint Analysis for Total Knee Replacement Surgery Alternatives]]<br />
* [[Cancer Vaccines - Clinical Trial Analysis]]<br />
* [[Veterinary Vaccines Market Report]]<br />
* [[Olympus Corporation- Company Profile]]<br />
* [[Rx to OTC Switch-Market Analysis]]<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent - Market Analysis]], Company Profile:[[Boston Scientific - Company Profile |Boston Scientific ]]<br />
* [[Cardiac Pacemakers]]<br />
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]<br />
* [[Diabetes products and services]]<br />
* [[Drug Metabolism]]<br />
* [[Toxicology]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]<br />
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]<br />
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]<br />
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]<br />
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]<br />
* [[OTC vs. Prescription Drugs]]<br />
* [[Vaccines Market in Western Countries]], Company Profile:[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=GlaxoSmithKline_profile GlaxoSmithKline]<br />
* [[Gastrointestinal Endoscopy -Landscape Report]]<br />
* [[Asset Valuation Dashboard]]<br />
* [[Transplant Diagnostics (HLA) Market Landscape]]<br />
* [[Indian Pharma Industry - Distribution & Sales Force Structure]]<br />
* [[Breast Reconstruction Market Landscape]]<br />
* [[Lumpectomy and Mastectomy Trends]]<br />
* [[Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models]]<br />
<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]<br />
* [[LTE]]<br />
* [[Femtocells]]<br />
* [[HDTV in the US]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]<br />
* [[Web video]]<br />
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])<br />
* [[Samsung Company Profile |Samsung Electronics Company Profile]]<br />
* [[NFC Ecosystem]]<br />
* [[Virtualization]]<br />
* [[Cloud Computing]]<br />
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]<br />
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]<br />
* [[Patent Valuation]]<br />
* [[Automatic Faucets]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Finance===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
===Others and CPG===<br />
|-<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]<br />
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]<br />
| valign=top |<br />
*[[Technology Scouting: Water Purification]]<br />
*[[Deodorants Market Analysis: Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate]]<br />
*[[Partner in sales planning]]<br />
*[[Sports & Energy Drinks Market in Australia]]<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
| align = "top" |<br />
==== Dashboard 1.1 ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)] <br />
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]<br />
* [[Dashboard Technical Specifications]] -- [[Dashboard Technical Specifications -- SaaS|hosted]]<br />
<br />
==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====<br />
<br />
==== IP and Products dashboard ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard] <br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]<br />
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]<br />
<br />
==== Patent-pathway mapping ====<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]<br />
==== Sequence dashboard ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]<br />
<br />
==== Design analysis ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]<br />
<br />
==== Innovation explorer ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]<br />
==== KPort ====<br />
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Buy Dolcera Reports ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
| align = "top" |<br />
<br />
* [[Landscape report for HEMT]]<br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in Foods]] <br />
* [[Variable Valve Timing - Sample]]<br />
<br />
==== Templates: ====<br />
<br />
<b> Food : </b><br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in foods]]<br />
* [[Campylobacter control in meat]]<br />
* [[Antioxidants form olive waste]]<br />
* [[phytosterol and phytostanols]]<br />
* [[Phospholipids and Sphingolipids of Milk]]<br />
* [[Cheese analog]]<br />
<br />
<b> Packaging : </b><br />
* [[Plastic aerosols]]<br />
* [[Dispenser with applicator]]<br />
* [[Biodegradable packaging for liquids]]<br />
* [[Food Packaging and Salmonella Prevention through Packaging]]<br />
<br />
<b> Cosmetics: </b><br />
*[[Enhanced bioavailability of skin whitening actives in topical applications]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dolcera Services Summary </b></font><br />
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera services summary]]<br />
* [[Dolcera Services|Dolcera services mindmap]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>[[Technology Support]] </b></font><br />
<br />
<font size = "4"><span style="color:#C41E3A">Like any of these sample reports?</span></font><br />
<p align="center"> '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' <br><br />
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "<br />
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]''' <br />
|-<br />
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]<br />
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|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Transactional_memory_in_hardware&diff=11103Transactional memory in hardware2015-07-27T15:08:41Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Patent dashboard */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Background==<br />
===Transactional memory===<br />
*Transactional memory is a general and flexible way to allow programs to read and modify disparate primary memory locations atomically as a single operation, much as a database transaction can atomically modify many records on disk.<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transactional_memory Transactional memory] attempts to simplify parallel programming by allowing a group of load and store instructions to execute in an atomic way. Transactional memory is a concurrency control mechanism analogous to database transactions for controlling access to shared memory in concurrent computing. A transaction is a piece of code that executes a series of reads and writes to shared memory.<br />
*Transactional memory (TM) supports code sections that are executed atomically, i.e., so that they appear to be executed one at a time, with no interleaving between their steps. TM significantly reduces the difficulty of writing correct concurrent programs. A good TM implementation avoids synchronization between concurrently executed transactional sections unless they actually conflict. TM can significantly improve the performance and scalability of concurrent programs, as well as makes them easier to write, understand and maintain.<br />
*[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070156994%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070156994&RS=DN/20070156994 Transactional memory] generally refers to a synchronization model that allows multiple threads to concurrently access a shared resource (such as a data structure stored in memory) without acquiring a lock as long as the accesses are non-conflicting, for example, as long as the accesses are directed to different portions of the shared resource. <br />
'''[[More details]]'''<br />
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<br />
===Transactional programming models===<br />
*[http://research.sun.com/spotlight/2007/2007-08-13_transactional_memory.html Transactional programming models] can be supported in software using software-based transactional memory (STM), in hardware using hardware- based transactional memory (HTM), or in a combination of the two (Hybrid TM, or HyTM).<br />
**[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_transactional_memory Software based Transactional memory] (STM) can allow sequences of concurrent operations to be combined into atomic transactions, thereby reducing the complexity of both programming and verification. STM is a scheme for concurrent programming with multiple threads that uses transactions similar to those used in databases.<br />
**Hardware based Transactional memory (HTM) system requires no read or write barriers within the transaction code. The hardware manages data versions and tracks conflicts transparently.<br />
**[http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~fedorova/papers/asplos165-damron.pdf Hybrid Transactional memory] (HyTM) implements Transactional memory in software so that it can use best-effort Hardware Transactional memory (HTM) to boost performance but does not depend on HTM.<br />
<br />
<br />
===Software based Transactional memory===<br />
*Software transactional memory (STM) is implemented in software. All speculative STM transactional data is stored in the system memory and indicated to be in a non-committed state. When the STM transaction commits, any data the transaction writes is indicated as committed and subsequently available to other threads and transactions. In certain STM systems, a flag may be set to indicate the data as committed and accessible and available in memory to other transactions. <br />
<br />
====DracoSTM====<br />
*[http://eces.colorado.edu/~gottschl/dracoSTM/pubs/lcsd07-dracostm.pdf DracoSTM] is a high performance lock-based C++ Software Transactional memory research library. DracoSTM uses only native object-oriented language semantics, increasing its intuitiveness for developers while maintaining high programmability via automatic handling of composition, locks and transaction termination.<br />
*DracoSTM is a lock-based STM system. At its core, DracoSTM uses one lock per thread to implement transactional reads and writes. This allows multiple transactions to simultaneously read and write without blocking other transactions’ progress.<br />
<br />
<br />
====Dynamic STM (DSTM)====<br />
*[http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/PODC03.pdf Dynamic Software Transactional Memory (DSTM)] is a low-level application programming interface (API) for syn-chronizing shared data without using locks.<br />
*DSTM supports dynamic-sized data structures. DSTM has non-blocking implementation. The non-blocking property is obstruction-freedom. Dynamic means that the set of locations accessed by the transaction is not known in advance and is determined during its execution.<br />
*DSTM techniques allow transactions and transactional objects to be created dynamically.Transactions may determine the sequence of objects to access based on the values observed in objects accessed earlier in the same transaction. DSTM is well suited to the implementation of dynamic-sized data structures such as lists and trees.<br />
<br />
====Dynamic Software Transactional Memory 2.0 (DSTM2)====<br />
*[http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/OOPSLA2006.pdf DSTM2] is a Java-based software library that provides a flexible framework for implementing STM. DSTM2 significantly improves the programming interface of its predecessor DSTM. The code is provided in Java libraries and any Java programmer can use it easily. DSTM2 allows researchers to plug in their STM implementations and directly compare them with others.<br />
*The DSTM2 library assumes that multiple concurrent threads share data objects. The DSTM2 library provides a new kind of thread that can execute transactions, which access shared atomic objects. DSTM2 threads provide methods for creating new atomic classes and executing transactions.<br />
<br />
====Nonblocking Software Transactional Memory====<br />
*[http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/PPoPP2008-NBSTM.pdf Nonblocking STMs] are obstruction free. Nonblocking Software Transactional Memory guarantees that, if a transaction is repeatedly retried and eventually encounters no interference from other transactions, then eventually the transaction commits successfully.<br />
*Nonblocking STM “steals” ownership of a memory location from another transaction, rather than waiting for the other transaction to explicitly release it. Accessing stolen locations is more complicated and expensive than accessing unstolen ones, but stealing is worthwhile in order to avoid waiting for another transaction that is delayed for a long time.<br />
<br />
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====[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=3&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=transactional.TI.&s2=memory.TI.&OS=TTL/transactional+AND+TTL/memory&RS=TTL/transactional+AND+TTL/memory Non-blocking conditions]====<br />
<br />
=====Lock-free transactional memory=====<br />
*'''Lock-free transactional memory:''' A transactional memory implementation is lock-free if all its operations are lock-free and if some thread repeatedly attempts to commit transactions, then eventually some thread performs a successful commit.<br />
*'''Lock-freedom:''' An implementation of an operation is lock-free if after a finite number of steps of any execution of that operation, some operation execution completes (irrespective of the timing behavior of any concurrent operation executions). <br />
<br />
=====Wait-free transactional memory=====<br />
*'''Wait-free transactional memory:''' A transactional memory implementation is wait-free if all its operations are wait-free and any thread that repeatedly attempts to commit transactions eventually performs a successful commit.<br />
*'''Wait-freedom''': An implementation of an operation is wait-free if after a finite number of steps of any execution of that operation, that operation execution completes (irrespective of the timing behavior of any concurrent operation executions).<br />
<br />
=====Obstruction-free transactional memory=====<br />
*'''Obstruction-free transactional memory:''' A transactional memory implementation is obstruction-free if all its operations are obstruction-free and if some thread repeatedly attempts to commit transactions, and runs in isolation after some point, then it eventually performs a successful commit. <br />
*'''Obstruction-freedom:''' An implementation of an operation is obstruction-free if every operation execution that executes in isolation after some point completes after a finite number of steps.<br />
<br />
===Hardware based Transactional memory===<br />
*HTM comprises hardware transactions implemented entirely in processor hardware. For hardware transactions, data may be stored in hardware registers and cache, such that all cache actions are done atomically in hardware and data in the HTM is only written to the main memory upon committing the transaction. The HTM holds all the speculative writes without propagating to the main system memory, such as a Random Access Memory (RAM) device, until the transaction commits. If the hardware transaction aborts, then the cache lines holding the tentative writes in the HTM are discarded. HTM hardware transactions may utilize cache coherency protocols to detect and manage conflicts between HTM hardware transactions. The cache coherency protocols keep track of accesses within a hardware transaction. If two hardware transactions are accessing a same memory location, then the HTM aborts one transaction if there is a conflict, else the transaction's changes may be committed to the system memory.<br />
*HTM transactions usually require less overhead then STM transactions because HTM transactions occur entirely in hardware. HTM transactions may be limited to smaller transactions due to hardware limitations, whereas STM transactions can handle large and longer transactions. [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070143287%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070143287&RS=DN/20070143287 Source]<br />
*The multi-core processor '''Rock''' supports [http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/TRANSACT2008-ATMTP-Apps.pdf Hardware Transactional Memory] (HTM).<br />
*'''Rock'''’s HTM feature is an important but modest first step in integrating HTM support into a mainstream commercial multi-core processor.<br />
*'''Rock''' supports HTM with two new instructions, chkpt and commit, and a new checkpoint status (cps) register. A transaction is started by a chkpt instruction, and is terminated by either a commit instruction or the failure of the transaction. If a transaction fails, some indication of the cause of failure is stored in the cps register, and control is transferred to the PC-relative offset (fail pc) specified by the chkpt instruction.<br />
<br />
====Adaptive Transactional Memory Test Platform====<br />
*The [http://www.cs.wisc.edu/gems/doc/gems-wiki/moin.cgi/ATMTP Adaptive Transactional Memory Test Platform] (ATMTP) provides a first-order approximation of the success and failure characteristics of transactions on '''Rock'''. ATMTP will allow developers to test and tune their code for '''Rock'''.<br />
*ATMTP correctly models '''Rock'''’s HTM-related instructions, and fairly accurately reflects most of the circumstances that cause '''Rock''' transactions to fail. ATMTP provides a good platform for experimenting with HTM-based code that will behave similarly on '''Rock'''.<br />
<br />
====Unbounded Hardware Transactional Memory (UHTM)====<br />
*[http://supertech.csail.mit.edu/papers/xaction.pdf UHTM] is commited in-cache. When not possible, hardware “spills” transaction information into memory, allowing (essentially) unbounded transactions. UTM is more appealing for programmer, but is significantly more complicated. Unbounded means that there is no limit on the number of locations accessed by the transaction.<br />
<br />
====Best-effort Hardware Transactional Memory====<br />
*Best-effort Hardware Transactional Memory transactions are committed in-cache and aborted if they don’t fit. Best-effort Hardware Transactional Memory has simple design.Best-effort Hardware Transactional Memory violates Principle of Least Astonishment. Programmer should not have to think about cache mapping, cache size, cache organization, etc.<br />
*[http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/TRANSACT2008-ATMTP-Apps.pdf Best-effort HTM] does not guarantee to support transactions of any size and duration, and thus is free to simply abort transactions that exceed on-chip resources for HTM or encounter difficult events or situations.<br />
<br />
====Split Hardware Transaction (SpHT)====<br />
*The [http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/PPoPP2008-SpHT.pdf Split Hardware Transaction (SpHT])uses minimal software support to combine multiple segments of an atomic block, each executed using a separate hardware transaction, into one atomic operation. The idea of segmenting transactions can be used for many purposes, including nesting, local retry, or Else, and user-level thread scheduling. SpHT overcomes the limited expressive power of best-effort HTM while imposing overheads dramatically lower than STM and preserving useful guarantees such as strong atomicity provided by the underlying HTM.<br />
<br />
====Virtualized Transactional Memory (VTM)====<br />
*[http://www.cs.wisc.edu/trans-memory/misc-papers/moir:hybrid-tm:tr:2005.pdf Virtualized TM (VTM)] maintains atomicity and isolation even if a transaction is interrupted by a cache overflow or a system event. VTM maps the key bookkeeping data structures for transactional execution (read set, write set, write buffer or undo-log) to virtual memory, which is effectively unbounded and is unaffected by system interruptions. The hardware caches hold the working set of these data structures. VTM also suggested the use of hardware signatures to avoid redundant searches through structures in virtual memory.<br />
<br />
====[http://research.microsoft.com/~larus/Papers/p80-larus.pdf Conflict detection]====<br />
*HTM systems rely on a computer’s cache hierarchy and the cache coherence protocol to implement conflict detection. Caches observe all reads and writes issued by a processor, can buffer a significant amount of data, and can be searched efficiently because of their associative organization. All HTMs modify the first-level caches, but the approach extends to higher-level caches, both private and shared.<br />
*Conflict detection occurs as other processors receive the coherence messages from the committing transaction. Hardware looks up the received block address in the local caches. If the block is in a cache and has its R or W bit set, there is a read-write or a write-write conflict between the committing and the local transaction. The hardware signals a software handler, which aborts the local transaction and potentially retries it after a backoff period.<br />
*'''Direct memory updates:''' For direct updates, the hardware transparently logs the original value in a memory block before its first modification by a transaction. If the transaction aborts, the log is used to undo any memory updates.<br />
*'''Early conflict detection :''' For early conflict detection, the hardware acquires exclusive access to the cache block on the first write and maintains it until the transaction commits.<br />
<br />
===Hybrid Transactional memory (HyTM)===<br />
*The HyTM approach is to provide an STM implementation that does not depend on hardware support beyond what is widely available today, and also to provide the ability to execute transactions using whatever HTM support is available in such a way that the two types of transactions can coexist correctly.<br />
*The key idea to achieving correct interaction between software transactions and hardware transactions is to augment hardware transactions with additional code that ensures that the transaction does not commit if it conflicts with an ongoing software transaction. <br />
<br />
====Phased Transactional Memory (PhTM)====<br />
*[http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/TRANSACT2007-PhTM.pdf Phased Transactional Memory (PhTM])supports switching between different “phases”, each implemented by a different form of transactional memory support. PhTM allows to adapt between a variety of different transactional memory implementations.<br />
<br />
====Nonblocking Zero-Indirection Transactional Memory (NZTM)====<br />
*[http://research.sun.com/scalable/pubs/TRANSACT2007-NZTM.pdf Nonblocking Zero-Indirection Transactional Memory (NZTM)] is a nonblocking, zero-indirection object-based hybrid transactional memory system. NZTM can execute transactions using best-effort hardware transactional memory or by using compatible software transactional memory system.<br />
<br />
====[http://research.microsoft.com/~larus/Papers/p80-larus.pdf Hardware-Accelerated STM (HASTM)]====<br />
*Hardware-Accelerated STM (HASTM) system proposes hardware support to reduce the overhead of STM instrumentation. The supplementary hardware allows software to build fast filters that could accelerate the common case of read set maintenance.<br />
*HASTM provides the STM with two capabilities through per-thread mark bits at the granularity of cache blocks. <br />
*'''Conflict detection:''' Software can check if a mark bit was previously set for a given block of memory and that no other thread wrote to the block since it was marked.<br />
*'''Validation:''' Software can query if potentially there were writes by other threads to any of the memory blocks that the thread marked.<br />
<br />
====[http://research.microsoft.com/~larus/Papers/p80-larus.pdf Signature-Accelerated STM (SigTM)]====<br />
*[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1250673 Signature-Accelerated STM (SigTM)]uses hardware signatures to encode the read set and write set for software transactions. A hardware Bloom filter outside of the caches computes the signatures.b Software instrumentation provides the filters with the addresses of the objects read or written within a transaction. To detect conflicts, hardware in the computer monitors coherence traffic for requests for exclusive accesses to a cache block, which indicates a memory update.<br />
*The hardware tests if the address in a request is potentially in a transaction’s read or write set by examining the transaction’s signatures. If so, the memory reference is a potential conflict and the STM can either abort a transaction or turn to software validation.<br />
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<br />
==Search strategy==<br />
=== English Search concepts===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="4%"| <center>'''S. No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Transactional memory'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Atomic memory transactions'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Concurrency control'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Shared memory access'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Transactional memory<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Atomic memory transactions<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Concurrency control<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Shared memory synchronization<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Transactional execution AND memory<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Atomically memory accesses<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Concurrent computing<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Shared memory access<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Hybrid transactional memory<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Software transactional memory<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Hardware transactional memory<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== French Search concepts===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="4%"| <center>'''S. No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Transactional memory'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Atomic memory transactions'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Concurrency control'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Shared memory access'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| mémoire transactionnelle<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| opérations&nbsp;de mémoire&nbsp;atomique<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| contrôle de&nbsp;concurrence<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| La synchronisation de mémoire partagée<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| l'exécution&nbsp;des transactions AND mémoire<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| accès à la mémoire&nbsp;atomique<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| programmation concurrente<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Accès à la mémoire partagée<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| hybride&nbsp;mémoire transactionnelle<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| mémoire&nbsp;logiciel transactionnel<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| mémoire matérielle transactionnel<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== German Search concepts===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="4%"| <center>'''S. No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Transactional memory'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Atomic memory transactions'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Concurrency control'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;" width="20%"| <center>'''Shared memory access'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| transaktionalen Speicher<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Atom-Speicher-Transaktionen<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Concurrency Kontrolle<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Shared-Memory-Synchronisation<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| transaktionale&nbsp;Ausführung AND Speicher<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| atomar&nbsp;Speicherzugriffe<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Concurrent&nbsp;Computing<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Shared-Memory-Zugriff<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Hybrid&nbsp;transaktionalen Speicher<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Software&nbsp;transaktionalen Speicher<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#B6DDE8;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Hardware transaktionalen Speicher<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Search strings===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" align="left"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Concepts'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Search string'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of hits'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|''' '''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Transactional memory'''<br />
|rowspan = "3"|'''Search scope:''' US Granted US Applications EP-A EP-B WO JP DE-C,B DE-A DE-T DE-U GB-A FR-A; <br>'''Claims, Title or Abstract'''<br>'''Years: '''1836-2008<br />
|(transactional ADJ memory) OR ((transactional ADJ execution) SAME memory)<br />
|align = "center"|'''167'''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Other Keywords'''<br />
|(atomic<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 NEAR2 memory NEAR2 (transaction<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR access<nowiki>*</nowiki>2)) OR (((concurrency ADJ control) OR (concurrent ADJ computing)) WITH ((shared ADJ memory) AND (synchronization OR access<nowiki>*</nowiki>2)))<br />
|align = "center"|'''24'''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Final'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''82 unique (189 patents including families)'''<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==IP Trend==<br />
*75 patents published in the last 10 years.<br />
*Patent filing is more in the last 4 years(75 %)<br />
<br />
[[Image:Year_wise_graph-Transactional_memory.jpg|align|thumb|center|500px|Year wise graph]]<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Key companies==<br />
* Intel(26 patents) and Sun Microsystems (19 patents) are major players. <br />
* Microsoft(11 patents) and IBM(7 patents) are next to them. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Assignee_graph-Transactional_memory.jpg|align|thumb|center|500px|Top Assignees]]<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Top IPC and US Classes==<br />
*'''Top IPC class:''' G06F<br />
<br />
[[Image:IPC_class-Transactional_memory.jpg|align|thumb|center|500px|IPC class]]<br />
<br />
*'''Top US class:''' 711, 707, 712, 717, 718<br />
[[Image:US_class-Transactional_memory.jpg|align|thumb|center|500px|US class]]<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
==Sample analysis==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">S.No.</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">Patent/Publication No.</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">Title</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">Transactional memory</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">Summary</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">1</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040015642%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040015642&RS=DN/20040015642 US20040015642A1]</u></font><br />
|Software transactional memory for dynamically sizable shared data structures<br />
|align = "center"|Dynamic STM (DSTM)<br />
|A software transactional memory that allows concurrent non-blocking access to a dynamically sizable data structure defined in shared storage managed by the software transactional memory is described. The implementation is called dynamic software transactional memory (DSTM). DSTM techniques allow transactions and transactional objects to be created dynamically. The non-blocking property considered here is obstruction-freedom.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">2</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20060085591.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060085591&RS=DN/20060085591 US20060085591A1]</u></font><br />
|Hybrid hardware and software implementation of transactional memory access<br />
|align = "center"|Phased Transactional Memory (PhTM)<br />
|The invention relates to a hybrid hardware and software implementation of transactional memory accesses in a computer system. A processor including a transactional cache and a regular cache is utilized in a computer system that includes a policy manager to select one of a first mode (a hardware mode) or a second mode (a software mode) to implement transactional memory accesses. In the hardware mode the transactional cache is utilized to perform read and write memory operations and in the software mode the regular cache is utilized to perform read and write memory operations.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">3</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20070028056.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070028056&RS=DN/20070028056 US20070028056A1]</u></font><br />
|Direct-update software transactional memory<br />
|align = "center"|Dynamic STM (DSTM)<br />
|A transactional memory programming interface allows a thread to directly and safely access one or more shared memory locations within a transaction while maintaining control structures to manage memory accesses to those same locations by one or more other concurrent threads. Each memory location accessed by the thread is associated with an enlistment record, and each thread maintains a transaction log of its memory accesses.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">4</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20070156780.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070156780&RS=DN/20070156780 US20070156780A1]</u></font><br />
|Protecting shared variables in a software transactional memory system<br />
|align = "center"|Dynamic STM (DSTM)<br />
|For a variable accessed at least once in a software-based transactional memory system (STM) defined (STM-defined) critical region of a program, modifying an access to the variable that occurs outside any STM-defined critical region system by starting a hardware based transactional memory based transaction, within the hardware based transactional memory based transaction, checking if the variable is currently owned by a STM transaction, If the variable is not currently owned by a STM transaction, performing the access and then committing the hardware based transactional memory transaction and if the variable is currently owned by a STM transaction, performing a responsive action.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">5</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20070156994.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070156994&RS=DN/20070156994 US20070156994A1]</u></font><br />
|Unbounded transactional memory systems<br />
|align = "center"|Unbounded Hardware Transactional Memory (UHTM)<br />
|Methods and apparatus to provide unbounded transactional memory systems are described. Transactional memory is implemented through a table lookup mechanism. To access a shared resource, a thread may first check a table stored in memory to determine whether another thread is accessing the same portion of the shared resource. Accessing a table that is stored in memory may generate overhead that decreases performance.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">6</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20070239942.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070239942&RS=DN/20070239942 US20070239942A1]</u></font><br />
|Transactional memory virtualization<br />
|align = "center"|Virtualized Transactional Memory (VTM)<br />
|Methods and apparatus to provide transactional memory execution in a virtualized mode are described. Data corresponding to a transactional memory access request is stored in a portion of a memory after an operation corresponding to the transactional memory access request causes an overflow and a stored value may be updated for an occurrence of the overflow.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">7</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20070300238.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070300238&RS=DN/20070300238 US20070300238A1]</u></font><br />
|Adapting software programs to operate in software transactional memory environments<br />
|align = "center"|Dynamic Software Transactional Memory 2.0 (DSTM2)<br />
|Software transactional memory is used in non-managed language environments and with legacy codes without requiring a software programmer to change the programming paradigm they are currently used to. STM adapter system automatically transforms all the binary code executed within that block to execute atomically. STM adapter system automatically transforms lock-based critical sections in existing binary code to atomic blocks,<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">8</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20080005504.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080005504&RS=DN/20080005504 US20080005504A1]</u></font><br />
|Global overflow method for virtualized transactional memory<br />
|align = "center"|Virtualized Transactional Memory (VTM)<br />
|A method and apparatus for virtualizing and/or extending transactional memory is described. Transactions are executed using local shared transactional memory, such as a cache memory. Upon overflowing the shared transactional memory, the transactional memory is virtualized and/or extended into a higher-level memory, such as a system memory.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">9</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&d=PG01&p=1&S1=20080098374.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080098374&RS=DN/20080098374 US20080098374A1]</u></font><br />
|Method and apparatus for performing dynamic optimization for software transactional memory<br />
|align = "center"|Dynamic STM (DSTM)<br />
|The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for performing dynamic optimization for STM. An optimistically immutable field is determined in the transaction to write. The transaction optimization unit keeps track of the status of object and class fields in a transaction. The transaction optimization unit invalidates methods corresponding to an optimistically immutable field in response to determining that the field has been written to and is therefore not immutable.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#969696"|<font color="#00FFFF">10</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/fetch.jsp?LANG=ENG&DBSELECT=PCT&SERVER_TYPE=19-10&SORT=41253138-KEY&TYPE_FIELD=256&IDB=0&IDOC=1629252&C=10&ELEMENT_SET=B&RESULT=1&TOTAL=1&START=1&DISP=25&FORM=SEP-0/HITNUM,B-ENG,DP,MC,AN,PA,ABSUM-ENG&SEARCH_IA=US2008050081&QUE WO2008088931A2]</u></font><br />
|FACILITATING EFFICIENT TRANSACTIONAL MEMORY AND ATOMIC OPERATIONS VIA CACHE LINE MARKING<br />
|align = "center"|Hardware-Accelerated STM (HASTM)-Conflict detection<br />
|The system starts by executing a transaction for a thread, wherein executing the transaction involves placing load-marks on cache lines which are loaded during the transaction and placing store-marks on cache lines which are stored to during the transaction. Upon completing the transaction, the system releases the load-marks and the store-marks from the cache lines which were load-marked and store-marked during the transaction. Note that during the transaction, the load-marks and store-marks prevent interfering accesses from other threads to the cache lines.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
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<hr />
<div>Nanotechnology is being embedded in multiple industries. This report presents a brief history of nanotechnology and the scientific breakthroughs in the area, followed by the use of carbon nanotubes in various industries.<br />
<br />
The report also provides a detailed carbon nanotube taxonomy, and the in-depth categorization of patents in this domain. Other topics covered include key universities, companies and market players in the area of carbon nanotubes. <br />
== Introduction ==<br />
<br />
=== Nanotechnology ===<br />
Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale, normally 1 to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of devices with critical dimensions that lie within that size range.<br />
<br />
=== Run of Nanotechnology ===<br />
* '''December 29, 1959''': The first thought of Nanotechnology was given by Richard Feynman in "[http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom]" at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech.<br />
* '''September, 1981''': First technical paper published on molecular nanotechnology. The same year scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented.<br />
* '''1982-1990''':Books and prizes on nanotechnology. Atomic force microscope invented in 1986.<br />
* '''1991''': Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) discovered.<br />
* '''1997''': First company on nanotechnology founded, it's name is [http://www.zyvex.com/ Zyvex].<br />
* '''1998-2007''': Research, investment, conferences and meetings on nanotechnology.<br />
<br />
=== Applications of Nanotechnology ===<br />
It has or will have applications in almost all areas we can think of.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
!Environment and Energy || Medical and Health || Electronics and Computers || Space, Aircraft and Transportation || Materials and Manufacturing<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
* Clean Technology<br />
* Reducing Global Warming<br />
* Eco-friendly and Efficient Energy<br />
* Eco-friendly Coatings<br />
* Lotus-effect Surfaces<br />
* Self-cleaning Glass<br />
* Environmental Monitoring<br />
* Remediation of Soil<br />
* Remediation and Treatment of Water<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
* Lab-on-a-chip: The Analytical Revolution<br />
* Nanoparticles and Drug Delivery<br />
* Nanoparticles and Gene Therapy<br />
* Textured Surfaces for Tissue Regeneration<br />
* Nanorobot Therapeutics<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
* Desktop Manufacturing<br />
* Electronic Paper<br />
* Nanoelectronics and Computing<br />
* Assemblers and Self-replicators<br />
* Molecular Electronics<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
* Space and Aeronautics<br />
* Automobiles<br />
* Transportation Infrastructure<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
* New and Nanostructured Materials<br />
* Nano-engineered Advanced Materials<br />
* NanoGold: Carbon Nanotubes<br />
* Potential Industrial Applications<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
([http://www.nipne.ro/rjp/2004_49_9-10/0767_0776.pdf Source link])<br />
<br />
* '''Aerospace'''<br />
::* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3401/02.html Space Elevators]<br />
::* [http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2002/16sep_rightstuff.htm Spaceship]<br />
::* [http://www.andybrain.com/extras/solar-sail.htm Solar Sails]<br />
::* [http://www.niac.usra.edu/files/library/meetings/annual/oct04/914Mavroidis.pdf Biorobots]<br />
* '''Medicine'''<br />
::* Identifying location of cancer cells. [http://www.physorg.com/news2850.html]<br />
::* Delivering chemotherapy drugs directly to cancer cells.[http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/News/2006/April/11040601.asp]<br />
::* Nanoshells that concentrate the heat from infrared light to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells. [http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?language=english&type=24119&article_id=218392390&cat=3_all] <br />
::* Nanotubes used in broken bones to provide a structure for new bone material to grow.[http://www.physorg.com/news5003.html]<br />
::* Nanoparticles that can attach to cells infected with various diseases and allow a lab to identify, in a blood sample, the particular disease.[http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=16228]<br />
* '''Food Storage'''<br />
::* [http://www.nanocor.com/nanocomposites.asp Clay nanocomposites] are being used to provide an impermeable barrier to gasses such as oxygen or carbon dioxide in lightweight bottles, cartons and packaging films.<br />
::* Food storage bins are being produced with silver nanoparticles embedded in the plastic. The silver nanoparticles kill bacteria from any food that was previously stored in the bins, minimizing health risks from harmful bacteria.[http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=1695]<br />
::* It is possible to use nanosensors in plastic packaging to detect gases given off by food when it spoils. The packaging itself changes color to alert you to food gone bad.<br />
* '''Agriculture'''<br />
::* Food will be more tastier and healthier using nanaotechnology.[http://nsrg.neu.edu/resources/regulatory_capacity/documents/NanoAgFood.pdf]<br />
::* Research is also being conducted to develop nanocapsules containing nutrients that would be released when nanosensors detect a vitamin deficiency in your body.<br />
::* Researchers are also working on pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles; that only release pesticide within an insect’s stomach, minimizing the contamination of plants themselves.<br />
::* Another development being persued is a network of nanosensors and dispensers used throughout a food crop. The sensors recognize when a plant needs nutrients or water, before there is any sign that the plant is deficient. The dispensers then release fertilizer, nutrients, or water as needed, optimizing the growth of each plant in the field one by one.<br />
* '''Chemistry'''<br />
::* Nanoparticles can be used as catalyst for chemical reactions.<br />
::* Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical vapors.[http://people.nas.nasa.gov/~cwei/Publication/cnt_sensor.pdf]<br />
::* ZnO nanowires may lead to better chemical sensors, high-speed electronics.[http://www.physorg.com/news77303473.html]<br />
::* Palladium nanoparticle hydrogen sensor.[http://nano-proprietary.com/PDFs/Palladium%20Nanoparticle%20Hydrogen%20SensorMNPS.pdf]<br />
* '''Semiconductor devices'''<br />
::* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanoelectromechanical_systems NEMS]<br />
::* [http://www.technologyreview.com/Nanotech/18591/ OLED]<br />
::* [http://www.zurich.ibm.com/st/storage/concept.html Memory chips]<br />
::* [http://www.motorola.com/content.jsp?globalObjectId=8206 Nanoemmissive display panel]<br />
::* [http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture-silicon/45nm-core2/index.htm 45 nm wide transistor gates]<br />
::* [http://www.voyle.net/Nano%20Electronics/Nano%20Electronics-2004-0040.htm Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM)]<br />
::* [http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/about/nanoelectronics.html Nanoscale integrated circuits]<br />
* '''Optics'''<br />
::* The first sunglasses using protective and antireflective ultrathin polymer coatings are on the market.<br />
::* Nanotechnology also offers scratch resistant surface coatings based on nanocomposites. <br />
::* Nano-optics could allow for an increase in precision of pupil repair and other types of laser eye surgery.<br />
* '''Textile'''<br />
::* The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free. <br />
::* Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures.<br />
::* Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full-surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer.<br />
* '''Consumer products'''<br />
::* Nanotechnology is now entered in almost all consumer products,for details see [http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/browse/]<br />
<br />
[[Image:report9.jpg|center|600 px|thumb|Number of products launched products launched vs categories]]<br />
<br />
[http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/analysis_draft/ Source link]<br />
<br />
== Carbon Nanotubes ==<br />
[[Image:carbonnanotubes.png|Right|200 px|thumb|3D model of three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes]]<br />
<br />
Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) are cylindrical shaped allotrope of carbon with <br />
length to diameter ratio exceeding 1,000,000.<br />
<br />
Such cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make <br />
them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology, <br />
electronics, optics and other fields of materials science. They <br />
exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, <br />
and are efficient conductors of heat.<br />
<br />
=== Types ===<br />
[[Image:swcnt.jpg|right|200 px|thumb|Vectors representing orientation of three types of Single-walled CNT's]]<br />
[[Image:dwcnt.jpg|right|200 px|thumb|A Double-walled CNT formed by multiple Single-walled CNTs]]<br />
# '''[http://www.pa.msu.edu/cmp/csc/ntproperties/equilibriumstructure.html Single-walled CNT's]''': This type of nanotube can be formed by rolling Graphene sheet. Graphene is a single planar sheet of sp²-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Types of Single-walled CNT's:<br />
#* Zig-zag(n,0) <br />
#* Armchair(n,n)<br />
#* Chiral(2n,n) <br />
# '''[http://www.nanotech-now.com/nanotube-buckyball-sites.htm Multi-walled]''': Multi-walled nanotubes(MWNT) consist of multiple layers of graphite rolled in on themselves to form a tube shape. <br />
# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene Fullerite]''': Fullerites are the solid-state manifestation of fullerenes and related compounds and materials. Being highly incompressible nanotube forms, polymerized single-walled nanotubes (P-SWNT) are a class of fullerites and are comparable to diamond in terms of hardness.<br />
# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus Torus]''': A nanotorus is a theoretically described carbon nanotube bent into a torus (doughnut shape). <br />
# '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanobud Nanobud]''': The material fullerene-like "buds" are covalently bonded to the outer sidewalls of the underlying carbon nanotube. This hybrid material has useful properties of both fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.<br />
<br />
=== Properties ===<br />
::* '''Physical Properties'''<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="65%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Material'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Young<nowiki>’</nowiki>s modulus''' (GPa)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Tensile Strength''' (GPa)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D9D9D9"|'''Density''' (g/cm3)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Single wall nanotube<br />
|align = "center"|1054<br />
|align = "center"|150<br />
|align = "center"|N/A<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Multi wall nanotube<br />
|align = "center"|1200<br />
|align = "center"|150<br />
|align = "center"|2.6<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Steel<br />
|align = "center"|208<br />
|align = "center"|0.4<br />
|align = "center"|7.8<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Epoxy<br />
|align = "center"|3.5<br />
|align = "center"|0.005<br />
|align = "center"|1.25<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Wood<br />
|align = "center"|16<br />
|align = "center"|0.008<br />
|align = "center"|0.6<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[http://www.applied-nanotech.com/cntproperties.htm Source link]<br />
::* '''Electrical Properties''': Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties. For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n − m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is metallic, otherwise the nanotube is a semiconductor. Thus all armchair (n=m) nanotubes are metallic, and nanotubes (5,0), (6,4), (9,1), etc. are semiconducting. In theory, metallic nanotubes can have an electrical current density more than 1,000 times greater than metals such as silver and copper.<br />
<br />
=== Method of fabrication ===<br />
::* '''[http://nanotube.msu.edu/synthesis/ca.html Arc discharge]''': It is the simplest and most commonly used method of producing Carbon nanotubes. This method creates CNTs through arc-vaporization of two carbon rods placed end to end, separated by approximately 1mm, in an enclosure that is usually filled with inert gas (helium, argon) at low pressure (between 50 and 700 mbar).<br />
::* '''[http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1561 Laser ablation]''': In 1996, a dual-pulsed laser vaporization technique was developed, which produced SWNTs in gram quantities and yields of >70wt% purity. Samples were prepared by laser vaporization of graphite rods with a 50:50 catalyst mixture of Co and Ni (particle size ~1um) at 1200oC in flowing argon, followed by heat treatment in a vacuum at 1000oC to remove the C60 and other fullerenes.<br />
::* '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_vapor_deposition Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)]''':Large amounts of CNTs can be formed by catalytic CVD of acetylene over Co and Fe catalysts supported on silica or zeolite.<br />
<br />
== Application of Carbon nanotubes ==<br />
::* '''Polymer Composites''': The first realized major commercial application of MWNTs is their use as electrically conducting components in polymer composites.Depending on the polymer matrix, conductivities of 0.01 to 0.1 S/cm can be obtained for 5% loading; much lower conductivity levels suffice for dissipating electrostatic charge. The low loading levels and the nanofiber morphology of the MWNTs allow electronic conductivity to be achieved while avoiding or minimizing degradation of other performance aspects, such as mechanical properties and the low melt flow viscosity needed for thin-wall molding applications.<br />
::* '''Electrochemical devices''': Because of the high electrochemically accessible surface area of porous nanotube arrays, combined with their high electronic conductivity and useful mechanical properties, these materials are attractive as electrodes for devices that use electrochemical double-layer charge injection.<br />
::* '''Hydrogen storage''': Nanotubes have been long heralded as potentially useful for hydrogen storage (for example, for fuel cells that power electric vehicles or laptop computers).<br />
::* '''Field emission devices''': Industrial and academic research activity on electronic devices has focused principally on using SWNTs and MWNTs as field emission electron sources for flat panel displays, lamps, gas discharge tubes providing surge protection, and x-ray and microwave generators.<br />
::* '''Nanometer-sized electronic devices''': <br />
::* '''Sensors and probes''': Possible chemical sensor applications of nonmetallic nanotubes are interesting, because nanotube electronic transport and thermopower (voltages between junctions caused by interjunction temperature differences) are very sensitive to substances that affect the amount of injected charge.The main advantages are the minute size of the nanotube sensing element and the correspondingly small amount of material required for a response.<br />
<br />
[http://www.eikos.com/articles/carbnano_routetoapp.pdf Source link]<br />
== Taxonomy for Carbon nanotubes ==<br />
[[Image:Carbon Nanotube1.jpg|700 px|center|thumb|Map categorization for CNT]]<br />
== Interactive taxonomy for Carbon nanotubes ==<br />
''Use the mouse(click and drag/scroll up or down/click on nodes) to explore nodes in the detailed taxonomy''<br><br />
''Click on the red arrow on the side of a node name to view the content for that particular node in the dashboard''<br />
<mm>[[map274.mm]]</mm><br />
<br />
== Top ongoing projects on CNT's ==<br />
::* The Ajayan group is using carbon nanotubes as templates and molds for fabricating nanowires, composites, and novel ceramic fibers.[http://www.rpi.edu/locker/38/001238/INDEX.HTM] <br />
::* Dai group discovered how to grow nanotubes in specific directions and orientations on substrates using a chemical vapor deposition process.[http://www.stanford.edu/dept/chemistry/faculty/dai/group/]<br />
::* Smalley group is developing methods of production, purification, derivitization, analysis, and assembly of nanotubes to solve real world problems. [http://smalley.rice.edu/]<br />
::* Sun Research group is researching on polymeric nanocomposite materials based on carbon nanotubes and semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. [http://www.ces.clemson.edu/lemt/research.htm]<br />
::* Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Helsinki is researching on Ion irradiation as a tool for studying and modifying properties of carbon nanotubes.[http://beam.acclab.helsinki.fi/nanotubes/]<br />
<br />
<br />
== IP Activity on carbon nanotubes ==<br />
<br />
* Number of patents filled on nanotubes are increasing exponentially by years.<br />
* Last year i.e 2007, around 1450 patents are filed in this field.<br />
<br />
[[Image:report11.jpg|700px|center|thumb|IP Activity by year]]<br />
<br />
* Major IPC classes with description is given. <br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:report3.jpg|700px|center|thumb|Top IPC]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|S. no.<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|IPC Classification<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Description<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|H01J<br />
|align = "center"|ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|C01B<br />
|align = "center"|NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|H01L<br />
|align = "center"|SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|B82B<br />
|align = "center"|NANOTECHNOLOGY<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|H01M<br />
|align = "center"|BATTERIES OR FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|B01J<br />
|align = "center"|CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|D01F<br />
|align = "center"|CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES, OR RIBBONS AND APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|G01N<br />
|align = "center"|INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|B32B<br />
|align = "center"|LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|align = "center"|C08K<br />
|align = "center"|USE OF INORGANIC OR NON-MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AS COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
* Hon Hai Precision Industry Company leads the number of patent filing by a great margin with their competitors.<br />
* Samsung Electronics and Samsung SDI Co. Ltd. together contributes 148 patents.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:report4.jpg|700px|center|thumb|Top Assignee]]<br />
<br />
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<br><br />
== Sample Analysis ==<br />
* Below is the link for sample spreadsheet analysis for Carbon nanotubes.<br />
<br />
[[Media:Sample taxomomy for carbon nano tubes.xls|Sample analysis on carbon nanotubes]]<br />
<br />
== Dashboard ==<br />
=== Dashboard Snapshots ===<br />
<br />
[[Image:dashboard1.jpg|center|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:dashboard2.jpg|center|800px]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:dashboard3.jpg|center|800px]]<br />
<br />
=== Link to Dashboard ===<br />
[http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=274 Dashboard for CNTs]<br />
<br />
== Carbon nanotube in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps (IPC H01J) ==<br />
<br />
=== IP Map ===<br />
<br />
[[Image:Discharge lamps.jpg|500px|center|thumb|Map for electron emitter devices]]<br />
<br />
=== IP Activity on carbon nanotubes in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps ===<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:report6.jpg|500 px|center|thumb|IP activity by year]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:report5.jpg|500 px|center|thumb|Top Assignee]]<br />
<br />
=== Analysis ===<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''S.no'''<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignee / Applicant'''<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Title'''<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Description of the device'''<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Use of CNT in it'''<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Technology Area'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|1<br />
|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7336028.PN.&OS=PN/7336028&RS=PN/7336028 US7336028B2]<br />
|align = "justify"|Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.<br />
|align = "justify"|Electron emission device having multi-layered gate electrode structure<br />
|align = "justify"|A multilayered electron emission device is described with a predetermined gap between the electrodes.<br />
|align = "justify"|Electron emission sources can be made up of CNTs.<br />
|align = "justify"|Electron emission device<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|2<br />
|align = "justify"|US7315129B2<br />
|align = "justify"|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.<br />
|align = "justify"|Plasma producing apparatus and doping apparatus<br />
|align = "justify"|A plasma chamber anad plasma appratus is described with two electrodes and sustrate and CNTs.<br />
|align = "justify"|CNTs are on the surface of the cathode electrode.<br />
|align = "justify"|Plasma Appratus<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|3<br />
|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7307432.PN.&OS=PN/7307432&RS=PN/7307432 US7307432B2]<br />
|align = "justify"|Yokogawa Electric Corporation<br />
|align = "justify"|Electron beam generating apparatus and optical sampling apparatus using the same<br />
|align = "justify"|Optical sampling appratus with electrodes with deflection electrode and charge detection section.<br />
|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.<br />
|align = "justify"|Optical sampling appratus.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|4<br />
|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7306503.PN.&OS=PN/7306503&RS=PN/7306503 US7306503B2]<br />
|align = "justify"|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha<br />
|align = "justify"|Method and apparatus of fixing carbon fibers on a substrate using an aerosol deposition process<br />
|align = "justify"|Appratus for manufacturing substate with carbon nanotubes in it.<br />
|align = "justify"|Arc dischage method is involved for producing CNTs and hence forming it on substrate.<br />
|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|5<br />
|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7259510.PN.&OS=PN/7259510&RS=PN/7259510 US7259510B1]<br />
|align = "justify"|Agere Systems Inc.<br />
|align = "justify"|On-chip vacuum tube device and process for making device<br />
|align = "justify"|Microwave vacuum tube is described with electrodes and CNTs.<br />
|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.<br />
|align = "justify"|Electron emission device<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|6<br />
|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7232987.PN.&OS=PN/7232987&RS=PN/7232987 US7232987B2]<br />
|align = "justify"|None<br />
|align = "justify"|Instrument and method to measure available light energy for photosynthesis<br />
|align = "justify"|A device to calculate and filter amout of light required and available for photosynthesis of plants.<br />
|align = "justify"|Photovoltaic material is made up of carbon nanotubes.<br />
|align = "justify"|Optical Instrument<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|7<br />
|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7161148.PN.&OS=PN/7161148&RS=PN/7161148 US7161148B1]<br />
|align = "justify"|Crystals and Technologies, Ltd.<br />
|align = "justify"|Tip structures, devices on their basis, and methods for their preparation<br />
|align = "justify"| A tip structure for an electron emissive device or a scanning probe device is described.<br />
|align = "justify"|At least one link of the tip structure is made up of Carbon naotubes.<br />
|align = "justify"|Electron emission device<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|8<br />
|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7175494.PN.&OS=PN/7175494&RS=PN/7175494 US7175494B1]<br />
|align = "justify"|cDream Corporation<br />
|align = "justify"|Forming carbon nanotubes at lower temperatures suitable for an electron-emitting device<br />
|align = "justify"|An electron emission device is described comprising of carbon nanotubes.<br />
|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotubes are manufactured at 300° C. to 500° C which makes them compatible with the thermal stress of the underlying substrate.<br />
|align = "justify"|Electron emission device<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|9<br />
|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7161286.PN.&OS=PN/7161286&RS=PN/7161286 US7161286B2]<br />
|align = "justify"|Tsinghua University <nowiki>|</nowiki> Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd.<br />
|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotube array and method for making same<br />
|align = "justify"|A carbon nanotube-based device is described which includes a substrate and number of catalytic nano-sized particles.<br />
|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotubes are manufactured on the substrate.<br />
|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|10<br />
|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7145528.PN.&OS=PN/7145528&RS=PN/7145528 US7145528B2]<br />
|align = "justify"|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha<br />
|align = "justify"|Display device and driving and controlling method therefor<br />
|align = "justify"|A display device with display panel is described and use of electron emitters.<br />
|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.<br />
|align = "justify"|Electron emission device<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|11<br />
|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7115863.PN.&OS=PN/7115863&RS=PN/7115863 US7115863B1]<br />
|align = "justify"|Hitachi, Ltd.<br />
|align = "justify"|Probe for scanning probe lithography and making method thereof<br />
|align = "justify"|A probe of scanning probe lithography is described<br />
|align = "justify"|Shaft of the probe is made up of Carbon nanaotubes.<br />
|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Media:Analysis_electrical.xls|Sample Analysis on use of Carbon nanotubes in discharge tubes and discharge lamps]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Analysis1.jpg|600px|center|thumb|Sample Analysis for discharge tubes and discharge lamps patents(30 patents)]]<br />
<br />
== Key Players ==<br />
=== Universities ===<br />
* Universities play an important role in research and that's why it needs to be analyzed.<br />
* Only 245 patents are filled by the universities research division.<br />
* But companies are dependent on them for research activities.<br />
* The analysis will give the insight of most involved university in terms of research on Carbon nanotubes.<br />
<br />
[[Image:report2.jpg|700 px|center|Top Universities|thumb|Number of patents by universities in Carbon nanotubes area]]<br />
<br />
=== Companies ===<br />
<br />
* Large number of companies are now moving into this area.<br />
* A sizeable number of startups too are coming into the picture.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Top Companies<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Number of patents filed<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.foxconn.com/ Hon Hai Prec Ind Co]<br />
|align = "center"|118<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.samsung.com Samsung Electronics]<br />
|align = "center"|77<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.samsungsdi.com/contents/kr/main.jsp Samsung SDI Co. Ltd.]<br />
|align = "center"|71<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.sony.com Sony Corp.]<br />
|align = "center"|70<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.toray.com/ Toray Industry]<br />
|align = "center"|69<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.fujitsu.com/global/ Fujitsu Ltd.]<br />
|align = "center"|68<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.nec.com/ Nippon Electric Co.]<br />
|align = "center"|64<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.itri.org.tw/eng/research/nano/index.jsp Ind Tech Res Inst]<br />
|align = "center"|62<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.imm.ac.cn/en/index.html Nat Inst for Materia]<br />
|align = "center"|59<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Others<br />
|align = "center"|58<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Market Research ==<br />
=== Nanotechnology market ===<br />
* Nanotechnology is a growing market.<br />
* Lux Research (a market research company in nanotechnology) believes that market will reach from $13 billion in 2005 to $292 billion in 2010. <br />
* In 2015 market for nano materials will reach to $340 billion and electronics market will reach to $300 billion.<br />
* US nanotech funding has increased from $270 million to $850 million.<br />
<br />
[[Image:lux1.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|Predictions of market by Lux research]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:lux3.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|US funding]]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:lux2.jpg|400 px|center|thumb|Market by different categories]]<br />
<br />
=== Carbon Nanotubes market ===<br />
<br />
<br />
* Market size will increase from $6 million in 2004 to $1,070 million in 2014.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:marketresearch.jpg|300 px|center|thumb|Carbon nanotubes market estimate]]<br />
<br />
== Published Papers ==<br />
* Academic papers published on carbon nanotubes have been on the rise and patent filings have been keeping up with this upswing, says a review in the journal Science.<br />
* According to the review, around 1,500 scientific papers were published in 2001 compared to about 1,100 in 2000 and around 700 in 1999. <br />
<br />
[http://news.thomasnet.com/IMT/archives/2002/09/materials_nanot.html?t=archive Source]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== SWOT analysis on nanotechnology ==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Strength'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Weakness'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|In nanomaterials research and development<br />
|align = "center"|Critical issues(ecological meltdown,poverty and disease)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In biomimetics research<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Lack of planet friendly scorecard for research <br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|In nanoelectronics and IT research including quantum computing<br />
|align = "center"|No clear technology transfer routes to the less developed world.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In nanophotovoltaic research<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Fragmented research infrastructure<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|In nanosensors research and development<br />
|align = "center"|Nationally variable industry pull through<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In strong industrial base in instrumentation<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Variable incentives/cultures for supporting start-ups<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|In nanomedicine<br />
|align = "center"|Funding slow and bureaucratic<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|In cultural differences resulting in imaginative approaches to results<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|No wide support for individual genius<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|In the ability to work in teams<br />
|align = "center"|Academic research often lags industry<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Acceleration of new company formation underway<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Funding may be duplicated<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Openness in developing and adopting environmentally friendly techniques<br />
|align = "center"|Lack of fiscal incentives for environmentally friendly techniques;also lack of legal incentives<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Openness to developing technologies for the less developed regions<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Critically slow emergence of technology from the research base<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|Lack of skilled staff<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Opportunities'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#D99795"|'''Threats'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|The exploitation of planet and people friendly research<br />
|align = "center"|Brain drain in life sciences,electronics,software and engineering<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Development of widely available technologies(sensors,renewable energy,medicine etc.)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Public backlash to nanotechnology<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Creation of new technologies(medical and non-medical)<br />
|align = "center"|Too little,too late, of the technologies that matter<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|Reduction animal experimentation through cell-base toxicity testing<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBEEF3"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Critical niche opportunities in areas such as lab-on-a-chip and sensor technology<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Conferences ==<br />
<br />
* Major Conferences<br />
<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''S.no.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Conference'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Location'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Date'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Email'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|1<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2008/ Nanotech 2008 - 11th Annual NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Trade Show]</u></font><br />
|Boston,USA<br />
|1-5June, 2008<br />
|bfr@nsti.org<br />
|-<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanoeurope.com/ NanoEurope 2008]</u></font><br />
|St.Gallen, Switzerland<br />
|16-17 Sep, 2008<br />
|joerg.guettinger@ncb.ch<br />
|-<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|3<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanotech.net/node/2 Nanotech Northern Europe 2008]</u></font><br />
|Copenhagen,Denmark<br />
|23-25 Sep, 2008<br />
|katriina.forsstrom@spinverse.com<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* Complete list of Nanotechnology Conferences<br />
http://www.allconferences.com/Science/Nanotechnology/<br />
<br />
<br />
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! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani<br />
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| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=OLED_-_Organic_Light_Emitting_Diode&diff=11101OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode2015-07-27T15:02:38Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dolcera Dashboard */</p>
<hr />
<div>This report presents a brief introduction to OLED (organic light emitting diode) and technologies available for top emission OLED. A detailed taxonomy for OLED is presented covering parts of the type of OLED, material used, manufacturing, applications among others. A detailed landscape analysis of patent and non-patent literature is done with a focus on Top Emission OLED (TEOLED). The product information of major players in the market is also captured for OLED. The final section of the report covers the existing and future market predictions for OLED.<br />
[[Image:OLED.png|right|thumb|800px| '''[http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled2.htm OLED Working Principle]]]<br />
=Introduction=<br />
*OLED technology was firstly developed in 1987 at Eastman Kodak Company by Tang and Van Slyke using small-molecule (sm-OLED). In 1990 Richard Friend, Jeremy Burroughes and Donal Bradley discovered electroluminescence capabilities from conjugated polymers so laying down the foundations for a new generation of flat panel displays.<br />
*The growing number of electronic devices using organic light emitting diode displays shows that after years of promise, the technology is increasingly finding place in many products. But while OLED displays might challenge LCDs as the screens of choice for smaller gadgets, the technology may not become mainstream for notebook PCs or TVs within this decade.<br />
*OLED displays use organic compounds that emit light when exposed to an electric current. They are brighter, have better contrast, offer wider viewing angles, use less power, and provide faster response times than liquid crystal displays. OLED screens' thickness is a third of that of LCDs, since they don't need a back-light, and that makes them a good fit for portable electronics devices.<br />
==Read More? ==<br />
Click on [[OLED Background]] to read more about OLED.<br />
<br />
Traditional light bulbs were invented more than 130 years ago. Since then the basic principle of creating light remains the same, although the design has been tweaked.An electric current passing through a tungsten wire causes it to heat up and glow white hot.Today, more than 20% of electricity used in US buildings is eaten up by lights and nearly half that amount is used by traditional, incandescent light bulbs. It has been a long-term goal of scientists to come up with something that would reduce this mammoth energy demand.<br />
<br />
The OLEDs do not heat up like today's light bulbs and so are far more energy efficient and last longer.They also produce a light that is more akin to natural daylight than traditional bulbs. The new polymer uses a fluorescent blue material instead which lasts much longer and uses less energy.<br />
<br />
=Top Emission OLED: Search Strategy=<br />
The present study on the IP activity in the area of OLED with focus on '''''Top Emission OLED (TEOLED)''''' is based on a search conducted on Micropat. <br />
<br />
==Control Patents==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S. No. '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Patent/Publication No. '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Publication Date(mm/dd/yyyy) '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Assignee/Applicant '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Title '''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7791271.PN.&OS=PN/7791271&RS=PN/7791271 US7791271B2]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7/9/2010</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Global OLED Technology LLC<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Top-Emitting OLED Device With Light-Scattering Layer and Color-Conversion.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7781961.PN.&OS=PN/7781961&RS=PN/7781961 US7781961B2]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>08/24/2010</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Novaled AG<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Top Emitting, Electroluminescent Component With Frequency Conversion Centres.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7002293.PN.&OS=PN/7002293&RS=PN/7002293 US7002293B2]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>02/21/2006</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Organic Light Emitting Diode With Improved Light Emission Through The Cathode.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6770502.PN.&OS=PN/6770502&RS=PN/6770502 US6770502B2]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3/8/2004</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Method Of Manufacturing a Top-emitting OLED display Device with Desiccant Structures.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080169757%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080169757&RS=DN/20080169757 US20080169757A1]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>07/17/2008</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| TPO Displays Corp.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Top-Emitting Organic Electroluminescent Display<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060043373%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060043373&RS=DN/20060043373 US20060043373A1]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2/3/2006</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Industrial Technology Research Institute<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Method for Manufacturing a Pixel Array of Top Emitting OLED.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050236629%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050236629&RS=DN/20050236629 US20050236629A1]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10/27/2005</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Samsung Corp.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diode Display Using Auxiliary Electrode to Prevent Voltage Drop of Upper Electrode and Method of Fabricating the Same.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://v3.espacenet.com/searchResults?NUM=EP1489671A2&DB=EPODOC&submitted=true&locale=en_V3&ST=number&compact=false EP1489671A2]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12/22/2004</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Global OLED Technology LLC<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Method of Making a Top-Emitting OLED device having Improved Power Distribution<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://v3.espacenet.com/searchResults?NUM=EP1029336A1&DB=EPODOC&submitted=true&locale=en_V3&ST=number&compact=false EP1029336A1]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>08/23/2000</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Fed Corp.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Top Emitting OLED with Refractory Metal Compounds as Bottom Cathode .<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2001057904 WO2001057904A1]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9/8/2001</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Emagin Corp.<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Low Absorption Sputter Protection Layer for OLED Structure.<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Patent Classes==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S. No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Class No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Class Type'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Definition'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc257/sched257.htm#C257S040000 257/40]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| USPC<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Active solid-state devices (e.g., transistors, solid-state diodes) /'''Organic semiconductor material '''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc257/sched257.htm#C257SE51018 257/E51.018 ]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| USPC<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Active solid-state devices (e.g., transistors, solid-state diodes) / organic solid state devices, processes or apparatus peculiar to manufacture or treatment of such devices or of parts thereof / structural detail of device / '''light-emitting organic solid-state device with potential or surface barrier '''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc257/sched257.htm#C257SE51019 257/E51.019 ]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| USPC<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Active solid-state devices (e.g., transistors, solid-state diodes) / organic solid state devices, processes or apparatus peculiar to manufacture or treatment of such devices or of parts thereof / structural detail of device / light-emitting organic solid-state device with potential or surface barrier / '''Electrode '''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc257/sched257.htm#C257SE5102 257/E51.02 ]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| USPC<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Active solid-state devices (e.g., transistors, solid-state diodes) / organic solid state devices, processes or apparatus peculiar to manufacture or treatment of such devices or of parts thereof / structural detail of device / light-emitting organic solid-state device with potential or surface barrier / Electrode '''/ Encapsulation '''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc257/sched257.htm#C257SE51021 257/E51.021 ]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| USPC<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Active solid-state devices (e.g., transistors, solid-state diodes) / organic solid state devices, processes or apparatus peculiar to manufacture or treatment of such devices or of parts thereof / structural detail of device / light-emitting organic solid-state device with potential or surface barrier / Electrode '''/ Arrangements for extracting light from device (e.g., Bragg reflector pair) '''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc257/sched257.htm#C257SE51018 257/E51.022 ]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| USPC<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Active solid-state devices (e.g., transistors, solid-state diodes) / organic solid state devices, processes or apparatus peculiar to manufacture or treatment of such devices or of parts thereof / structural detail of device / light-emitting organic solid-state device with potential or surface barrier / '''Multicolor organic light-emitting device (OLED) '''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc313/sched313.htm#C313S504000 313/504]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| USPC<br />
| colspan="12" style="padding:0.079cm;"| Electric lamp and discharge devices/solid-state type/ with particular phosphor or electrode material / '''Organic phosphor '''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page¬ion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H01L0027280000 H01L 27/28 ]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| IPC <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Semiconductor devices; electric solid state devices not otherwise provided for / devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate / '''including components using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page¬ion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H01L0027320000 H01L 27/32 ]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| IPC <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Semiconductor devices; electric solid state devices not otherwise provided for / devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate / including components using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part / '''with components specially adapted for light emission, e.g. flat-panel displays using organic light-emitting diodes'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page¬ion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H01L0051500000 H01L 51/50 ]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| IPC <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Semiconductor devices; electric solid state devices not otherwise provided for / solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof / '''specially adapted for light emission, e.g. organic light emitting diodes (oled) or polymer light emitting devices (pled)'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>11</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page¬ion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H01L0051520000 H01L 51/52 ]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| IPC <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Semiconductor devices; electric solid state devices not otherwise provided for / solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the active part; processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof / '''Details of devices'''<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page¬ion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H01L0051560000 H01L ][http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page¬ion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H01L0051560000 51/56 ]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| IPC <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Semiconductor devices; electric solid state devices not otherwise provided for/specially adapted for sensing infra-red radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength, or corpuscular radiation; specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation / '''Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of such devices or of parts thereo'''<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Concept Table==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="55%"<br />
| rowspan="2" align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 1'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 2'''</font><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Top emission'''</center><br />
| colspan="3" style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Organic Light Emitting Diode'''</center><br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| top emitting<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| oled<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| top emissive<br />
| colspan="2" style="padding:0.079cm;"| polymer led<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| top emission<br />
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| light emitting polymer diode<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| toled<br />
| colspan="2" style="padding:0.079cm;"| organic led<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| teoled<br />
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| organic electroluminescent diode<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| foled<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| sm-oled<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| colspan="2" style="padding:0.079cm;"| small molecule oled<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| amoled<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| pmoled<br />
<br />
|}<br />
==Micropatent Search Strategy==<br />
'''Database:''' Micropat<br><br />
'''Patent coverage:''' US, EP, WO, JP, DE, GB, FR<br><br />
'''Time line:''' 1836/01/01 to 2011/02/20<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S. No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Scope'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Search String'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''No. of Hits'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Classes - OLED<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Any Classification<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| H01L005150* OR H01L005152* OR H01L005156 OR H05B003308P OR 257E51.022<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 63152<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Classes - Organic Semiconductor Devices<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Any Classification<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 313504 OR 257040 OR 257E51.018 OR 257E51.019 OR 257E51.020 OR 257E51.021 OR H01L002728 OR H01L002732<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 27601<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Top Emission keywords<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| ((top emitting) OR (toled) OR (teoled) OR (te-oled) OR (top ADJ2 emitting) OR (top ADJ2 emissive) OR (top ADJ2 emission)) ADJ ((light ADJ emitting ADJ polymer) OR (organic ADJ electro-luminescence ADJ diode) OR (ORganic ADJ electroluminescent ADJ diode) OR (ploymer ADJ light ADJ emitting ADJ diode) OR (ORganic ADJ light ADJ emitting ADJ device) OR (self-luminous ADJ diode) OR (oled) OR (organic led arrays) OR (organic ADJ light ADJ emitting ADJ diode) OR (organic ADJ light ADJ emission ADJ diode) OR (polymer ADJ light ADJ emission ADJ device) OR (organic ADJ electroluminescent device) OR (oel) OR (oleds))<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 1141<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| OLED keywords<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| ((organic OR (small adj molecule*1) OR polymer*1) adj (lightemitting OR (light adj (emitting OR emission)) OR electroluminescen*2 OR (electro adj luminescen*2))) NEAR3 diode*1) OR oled*2 OR smled*2 OR pled*2 OR (light adj (emitting OR emission) adj polymer*1) OR ((organic OR (small adj molecule*1) OR polymer*1) NEAR3 led*2)<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 39392<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Top emissioin OLED keywords<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| (((((organic OR (small ADJ molecule*1) OR polymer*1) ADJ (lightemitting OR (light ADJ (emitting OR emission)) OR electroluminescen*2 OR (electro ADJ luminescen*2))) NEAR3 diode*1) OR oled*2 OR smled*2 OR pled*2 OR (light ADJ (emitting OR emission) ADJ polymer*1) OR ((ORganic OR (small ADJ molecule*1) OR polymer*1) NEAR3 led*2)) AND ((top ADJ3 (emissi*2 OR emitting)))) OR (te ADJ oled*2)<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 429<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Top Emission keywords AND OLED classes<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Combined query<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 1 AND 3<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 809<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| LED Keywords<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| ((lightemitting OR (light ADJ (emitting OR emission)) OR electroluminescen*2 OR (electro ADJ luminescen*2)) NEAR3 diode*1) OR led*2 OR oled*2 OR smled*2 OR pled*2<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 1617014<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Top emission keywords AND Organic semiconductor devices classes AND Top emission keywords<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Combined query<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 2 AND 7 AND 3<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 224<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Top emissioin OLED keywords<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Full patent spec.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| (((((organic OR (small ADJ molecule*1) OR polymer*1) ADJ (lightemitting OR (light ADJ (emitting OR emission)) OR electroluminescen*2 OR (electro ADJ luminescen*2))) near3 diode*1) OR oled*2 OR smled*2 OR pled*2 OR (light ADJ (emitting OR emission) ADJ polymer*1) OR ((organic OR (small ADJ molecule*1) OR polymer*1) near3 LED*2)) near3 ((top ADJ3 (emissi*2 OR emitting)))) OR (te ADJ oled*2)<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 1506<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| German Keywords<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Full patent spec.<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| ((top adj3 (emissi*2 OR emitting)) OR (Top NEAR2 emittierende*1)) NEAR3 ((organische NEAR2 (led*1 OR Leuchtdiode*1)) OR (Licht adj emittierende adj Polymer*1) OR oled*1)<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 1430<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>11</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| French Keywords<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Full patent spec.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| ((top ADJ3 (émissive OR émettant)) OR (démission ADJ top) OR (top ADJ3 (emissi*2 OR emitting))) NEAR3 ((diode*1 NEAR3 électroluminescente NEAR3 organique*1) OR ((Polymère*1 OR organiques) ADJ2 led*1) OR (polymère*1 NEAR3 émettant NEAR3 lumière) OR oled*1)<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 1412<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Combined query<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 5 OR 6 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 2113 ('''1132''' unique) <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>13</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Control Patents<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Patent/Publication No.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| WO2001057904A1 OR EP1029336A1 OR EP1489671A2 OR US20050236629A1 OR US20060043373A1 OR US20080169757A1 OR US6770502B2 OR US7002293B2 OR US7781961B2 OR US7791271B2<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 10<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>14</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Combined query<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 12 AND 13<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 10<br />
<br />
|}<br />
==Scientific Literature Search==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Database'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Query'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Limits by Date'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''No.Of Hit'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Google scholar<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| (Top emitting or top emission or top emissive) and ((organic light emitting diode) or (polymer led) or (light emitting polymer led) or (OLED))<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 1990-2011<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 1840<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Search in Japanese database==<br />
<br />
Database: IPDL (Industrial property digital library), Japan<br />
<br />
Date of search: 1900/01/01 to 2011/02/15 <br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Issue/Publication date'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''F-Term Theme'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''FI/F-term/Facet'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Hits'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 1900/01/01 to 2011/03/02<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 3K107<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| DD03*[AA01+BB01+BB02+BB03+BB04+BB05+BB06+BB07+BB08+DD01+DD04+DD42+DD50+CC01+CC02+CC04+CC06+CC07+ <br>CC08+CC09+EE02+EE03+EE06+EE22+GG01+GG02+GG03+GG04+GG05+GG06+GG07+GG08+GG08]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''1596'''<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*F-Terms and theme used in search<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%"<br />
| colspan="3" style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Japanese F-term search'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Definition'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Sr. No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term theme'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 3K107<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Electroluminescent light sources<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| AA01<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Organic electroluminescent element.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| BB01<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Used in displays.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| BB02<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Used in Lights or light sources<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| BB03<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Used in Backlights or the like for liquid crystals<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| BB04<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Used in printer heads<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| BB05<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Used in lasers<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| BB06<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Used in designs or advertisements<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| BB07<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Used in timepieces<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| BB08<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Used in on-board use<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| DD01<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Having feature of all direction of light emission.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>11</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| DD03<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Having top emission.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| DD04<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Having double sided emission.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>13</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| DD42<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Having Organic materials.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>14</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| DD50<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Structured with Light emitting layers<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>15</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| CC01<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Having Light emitting layers<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>16</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| CC02<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Light emission characteristics were improved.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>17</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| CC04<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Has an effect on brightness.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>18</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| CC06<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Has an effect on efficiency<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>19</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| CC07<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Has an effect on colours.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>20</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| CC08<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Has an effect on Colour purity; Colour temperatures; Light emission wavelengths, including UV<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>21</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| CC09<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Has colour balance feature<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>22</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| EE02<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Has white light emission.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>23</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| EE03<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Display having Passive matrices<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>24</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| EE06<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Display having Active matrices<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>25</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| EE22<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Display having with RGB picture elements having different areas<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>26</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| GG01<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Dispaly having color filters.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>27</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| GG02<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Apparatus for deposition<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>28</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| GG03<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Apparatus for dry methods<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>29</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| GG04<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Apparatus for chemical vapour deposition<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>30</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| GG05<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Apparatus for evaporation<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>31</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| GG06<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Apparatus for sputtering<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>32</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| GG07<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Apparatus for wet methods<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>33</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| GG08<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Apparatus for printing<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>34</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''F- Term'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| GG08<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Apparatus for Inkjet<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Taxonomy=<br />
<mm>[[OLED Taxonomy.mm]]</mm><br />
<br />
=Sample Analysis=<br />
==Patent Analysis==<br />
A sample of 200 patents from the search is analyzed based on the taxonomy. Provided a link below for sample spread sheet analysis for Top Emission OLED.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Patent/Publication No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Date of Publication'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Assignee / Applicant'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Title'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Problem'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Solution'''</center><br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US7692191B2</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>04/06/2010</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Top-emitting organic light emitting device<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| In the conventional top-emitting organic light emitting device, each pixel electrode is designed to have a minimum width, and neighboring pixel electrodes are designed to be widely spaced apart from each other by as much as 17 .mu.m. Therefore, the wide space between the pixel electrodes leaks emitted light, thereby deteriorating the voltage-current characteristics of the thin film transistors i.e., increasing photo-leakage.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| In this patent the top-emitting organic light emitting device has maximized the width of a pixel electrode , thereby enhancing aperture ratio. Furthermore, the pixel electrode is arranged to overlap all thin film transistors, so that light is prevented from leaking through a space between neighboring pixel electrodes, thereby reducing photo-leakage of the thin film transistor.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US7554259B2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>06/30/2009</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Light emitting display apparatus having excellent color reproducibility<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Organic electroluminescence panel obtains white light by synthesizing two lights each having complementary color to the other, and the three primary colors differ in luminous intensity. Therefore it is difficult to set chromaticity of white light to desired level. And even after color-filter transmission, red light and blue light will have stronger luminous intensity than green light.<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| The present invention objective provide a light emitting display apparatus having excellent color reproducibility. Organic light emitting layer that synthesizes two or more complementary colors of light that are complementary to each other thereby producing white light. It has a resonant structure by which a resonant wavelength is set to a predetermined wavelength, and outputs the white light via the resonant structure where the predetermined wavelength substantially coincides with a wavelength corresponding to a primary color whose luminous intensity is uniform.With the stated construction, non-uniformity in luminous intensity among three primary colors is alleviated by means of amplified luminous intensity due to resonance. This will help obtain white light in which the primary colors are balanced well.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US7332859B2</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>02/19/2008</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Canon Kabushiki Kaisha<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Organic luminescence device with anti-reflection layer and organic luminescence device package<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| In organic luminescence device, the transparent electrode is formed by a material of a refractive index higher than that of air or nitrogen, constituting the external environment of the organic luminescence device. Therefore, the light emitted from the light emitting layer is reflected at a light emitting surface of the transparent electrode , namely at the interface between the transparent electrode and the air constituting the external environment in FIG. 1. For this reason, such organic luminescence device has been associated with a low efficiency of light emission to the exterior.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| The present invention is to provide an organic luminescence device of a high light-emitting efficiency to the exterior and an organic luminescence device of a satisfactory contrast. A case holding the organic luminescence device in an internal holding space, in which a light emitted from the organic luminescence device, is emitted to the exterior through a light emitting side of the case; wherein anti-reflection means is provided on a light-emitting face on the light-emitting side among faces constituting the internal holding space of the case<br />
| colspan="7" style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US6885157B1</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>04/26/2005</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Integrated touch screen and OLED flat-panel display<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| It has the problem of multiple external electrical connections by employing a flat-panel display having a substrate that extends beyond the substrate of the resistive touch screen.<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| The present invention has the advantage that it reduces the costs and improves the reliability and performance of a touch screen that is used with an OLED flat-panel display by integrating cable connections on a single substrate and providing touch screen signal processing on the display substrate.<br />
| colspan="7" style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US6069443A</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>05/30/2000</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| FED Corporation<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Passive matrix OLED display<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| The disadvantage of oxygen and moisture penetration into the interior of the organic light emitting device is the potential to form metal oxides at the metal-organic interface. These metal oxide impurities may allow separation of the cathode or anode and the organic in a matrix . This can result in the formation of dark non-emitting spots (i.e., no illumination).Edge shorting between the cathode and anode layers is a current problem affecting most conventional organic light emitting display devices. This edge shorting reduces the illuminating potential of the display devices.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| The present invention to provide an insulator layer to minimize edge shorts between lines by separating the OLED layer and the electrode elements. It also provides a sealing structure to isolate the OLED layer from moisture and other contaminants.<br />
| colspan="7" style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''6'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US20110031511A1</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>02/10/2011</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| None<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE DISPLAY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| In the organic light emitting layer, as it is easy to transfer energy in an interface between a light emitting layer and a hole transfer layer, a light emitting efficiency and lifetime of the OLED display are reduced because of an energy loss of triplet inside the OLED display.<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| An interface of the light emitting layer can be improved by forming the inorganic oxide layer between the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer. Further, an energy loss of triplet can be prevented, and the emission efficiency and lifetime can be improved.<br />
| colspan="7" style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''7'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US20070153051A1</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>07/05/2007</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Manufacturing flat panel displays with inkjet printing systems<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| For manufacture of certain flat panel display devices, such as LCDs or OLED displays, various thin film patterns are formed on panel substrates of the devices, typically using photolithography processes. However, as displays become larger, the amount of material that must be deposited on substrates to form the thin film patterns also becomes larger, inturn increases the manufacturing costs of the panels. <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Inkjet printing systems have been developed for forming the thin film patterns on the substrates by depositing them on the substrates in the form of special inks. These systems deposit the ink on the substrate through an inkjet head. However, the inkjet head includes a plurality of nozzles, and if only one of these nozzles becomes dysfunctional, the number of passes that the inkjet printing head must make increases. As a result, processing time and costs are substantially increased.<br />
| colspan="7" style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''8'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US6911671B2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>06/28/2005</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Device for depositing patterned layers in OLED displays<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| To achieve color pixelation in OLED imaging panels, fabrication of a multicolor OLED imaging panel using a shadow masking method is used. A multicolor organic electroluminescent ("EL") medium is vapor deposited and patterned by controlling an angular position of a substrate with respect to a deposition vapor stream. The positioning an element in direct contact with a surface of a substrate can invite problems of abrasion, distortion, or partial lifting, this may cause abrasion, distortion, or partial lifting of the first-color pattern.<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| The present invention is that a pattern of vaporized material, such as organic material, can be deposited without the use of shadow mask.Another feature is that a plurality of devices can be used for simultaneously depositing different organic materials. Such organic materials can emit light in different ranges of the spectrum.<br />
| colspan="7" style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''9'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US7218295B2</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>05/15/2007</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| AU Optronics Corp.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Driving method for active matrix OLED display<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| In one display frame, the current received by the OLED is fixed.The driving method used previously accumulates carriers inside the OLED which reduce the life of the OLEDs. Moreover, the voltage across the OLED gradually increases over timewhich inturn increases power. This effects the OLED over time. <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| The present invention uses a driving method to neutralize carrier accumulation in the OLED, thereby reducing the increase in voltage and minimizing the increase in power consumption across both ends of the OLED over time, further increasing the life of the OLED.<br />
| colspan="7" style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''10'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US7067170B2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>06/27/2006</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Depositing layers in OLED devices using viscous flow<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| To achieve color pixelation in OLED imaging panels, fabrication of a multicolor OLED imaging panel using a shadow masking method is used. A multicolor organic electroluminescent ("EL") medium is vapor deposited and patterned by controlling an angular position of a substrate with respect to a deposition vapor stream. The positioning an element in direct contact with a surface of a substrate can invite problems of abrasion, distortion, or partial lifting, this may cause abrasion, distortion, or partial lifting of the first-color pattern.<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| The present invention is that the method of color pixelating an organic layer includes providing a plurality of vapor sources disposed outside of a deposition chamber for generating vapors of organic materials, and connecting such vapor sources to a manifold disposed in the chamber. By using vapor deposition method, we can eliminate precision shadow masks.<br />
| colspan="7" style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|}<br />
Click '''[[media:sample analysis sheet oled.xls|here]]''' to view the detailed analysis sheet for doubly-fed induction generators patent analysis.<br />
<br />
==Article Analysis==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Title'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Authors'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Publication date'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Journal/Conference'''</center><br />
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Dolcera summery.</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=979337 Application of Screen Printing in the Fabricationof Organic Light-Emitting Devices]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Dino A. Pardo, Ghassan E. Jabbour,* andNasser Peyghambarian<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 01/27/2000<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona.IEEE 27 Jan 2000<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| This article explains the screen printing technique which deposits organic active layer having a thickness of several tens of nanometers and acting as a hole-transport layer (HTL) in multilayer OLEDs. The resulting devices emit<nowiki>light at low voltage (<5 V) and have a peak external quantum efficiency of 0.91 %.</nowiki><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199906)11:9%3C734::AID-ADMA734%3E3.0.CO;2-D/abstract Multicolor Organic Light-Emitting DiodesProcessed by Hybrid Inkjet Printing]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Shun-Chi Chang, Jie Liu, Jayesh Bharathan,Yang Yang,* Jun Onohara and Junji Kido<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 08/07/1999<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California at Los Angeles. willey 8 Jul 1999<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| This article presents a multicolor patterning technique to produce controllable patterning of red-green-blue OLEDs with fine pixel displays. The LEDs comprise bilayer structures of red and green dopants with inkjet-printed onto a film of the blue-emitting semiconducting polymer, the latter serving as the hole-transport layer.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pi.1974/abstract Organic light-emitting diode (OLED)technology: materials, devices and displaytechnologies]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Bernard Geffroy, Philippe le Roy and Christophe Prat<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 06/02/2006<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Laboratoire Cellules et Composants. willey 6 Feb 2006<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| This article presents an overview of OLED's over LCD's. OLED'S have a thickness, currently less than 2 mm. Having high contrast ratio is also a strong point of OLED and also in fast response time.OLEDs for flat-panel display applications are their self-emitting property, high luminous efficiency, full-colour capability, wide viewing angle, high contrast,low power consumption, low weight, potentially large area colour displays and flexibility.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.springerlink.com/content/q34n0017t30373q6/ Organic/polymeric electroluminescent devices processed by hybrid ink-jet printing]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Yang Yang, Shun-Chi Chang, Jayesh Bharathan and Jie Liu<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 04/05/1999<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Volume 11, Number 2,<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| The HIJP concept is a unique approach for fabricating polymer and organic electronic devices. One is able to apply this technology for the deposition of various functional materials such as charge-injection layers, charge-blocking layers, and multicolor polymer/organic emissive layers. It can be used for the fabrication of logos, indicator lights, multicolor displays and also in bio-medical applications such as biosensors for low cost diagnostics.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.200400684/abstract White Organic Light-Emitting Devices for Solid-State Lighting]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| B. W. D'Andrade, S. R. Forrest<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 14/10/2004<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University Willey 14 OCT 2004<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| This article presents the WOLEDs increasing display applications for use primarily as liquid-crystal display backlights. They have achieved high material purity, low cost, high brightness,color quality and long operational life-times.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''6'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7244/full/nature08003.html White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Sebastian Reineke, Frank Lindner, Gregor Schwartz, Nico Seidler, Karsten Walzer<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 14/05/2009<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Institute of Applied Photophysics. Vol 459 Macmillan Pub<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| This article presents an WOLED havinh high internal quantum efficiencies for the con-version of electrical energy to light have been realized by focussing on reducing energetic and ohmic losses that occur during electron–photon conversion.This can be achieved by improved OLED structure which reaches fluorescent tube efficiency. By combining a care-fully chosen emitter layer with high-refractive-index substrates and using a periodic outcoupling structure<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''7'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2007/JM/b609204g Precision ink jet printing of polymer light emitting displays]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| J. F. Dijksman, P. C. Duineveld, M. J. J. Hack, A. Pierik, J. Rensen, J.-E. Rubingh, I. Schram andM. M. Vernhou<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 09/11/2006<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Philips Research Laboratories RSC<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Precision ink jet printing of organic polymer light emitting diodes relies strongly on the accuracy of the droplet generation process.Image capturing using one image at a time for image processing delivers sharper images and can be used for optically measuring droplet volumes.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''8'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v88/i7/p073517_s1?isAuthorized=no High-efficiency microcavity top-emitting organic light-emittingdiodes using silver anode]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Huajun Peng, Jiaxin Sun, Xiuling Zhu, Xiaoming Yu, Man Wong, and Hoi-Sing Kwok <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 17/02/2006<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Hong Kong Universityof Science and Technology. AIP <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| High efficient top-emitting OLEDs have been fabricated using highly reflective Ag as the anode. Surfacemodification of the Ag anode by CF4 plasma substantially enhances the hole injection efficiency. The color variation isalmost eliminated in the TOLED. The optimized microcav- ity TOLED has a current efficiency enhancement of 65% and a total outcoupling efficiency enhancement of 35%, as compared with a conventional OLED.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''9'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6THY-4F70JMT-5&_user=10&_coverDate=05%2F15%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1660089209&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=f4dc4db9a6e736e6994a9ffa868e34b8&searchtype=a Inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes using transparent conductive NiO electrode ]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Se-W. Park, Jeong-M. Choi, Eugene Kim and Seongil Im<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 09/01/2005<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Applied Surface Science 244 (2005) 439–443<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| TE-OLED device uses a thermally evaporated and semi-transparent NiO film as a top-electrode. Since the sheet resistance of our NiO was very high and its transmittance was only about 50%, the resulting luminance and injection current of our TE-OLED were much inferior to those of the BE-OLED device.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''10'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v89/i23/p233513_s1?isAuthorized=no Self-assembled monolayer-modified Ag anode for top-emitting polymerlight-emitting diodes]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Lai-Wan Chong, Yuh-Lang Lee,a͒ and Ten-Chin Wenb͒<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 07/12/2006<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Self-assembled monolayer is a method to modify the Ag anodes for application in T-PLED. The Ag electrode can be utilized as an effective anode to improve the emitting characteristic of a T-PLED. The Ag anode enhances the hole injection, reduce the op-eration voltage, and significantly increase the current inten-sity and luminous efficiency of the device, without decreasing the reflectivity of the Ag anode.<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Click '''[[media:Non patent literature.xls|here]]''' to view the detailed analysis sheet for Top Emission OLED for non patent literature<br />
<br />
== Top Cited Patents==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S. No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Patent/Publication No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Publication Date (mm/dd/yyyy)'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Assignee/Applicant'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Title'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Citation Count'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| US6096496A<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8/1/2000</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Frankel; Robert D<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Supports incorporating vertical cavity emitting lasers and tracking apparatus for use in combinatorial synthesis<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>130</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US6069443A<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5/30/2000</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Fed Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Passive matrix OLED display<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>97</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| US6366017B1<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4/2/2002</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Agilent Technologies<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Organic light emitting diodes with distributed bragg reflector<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>80</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20020197511A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12/26/2002</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| United Of America As Respresented By The Secretary Of The Air Force<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| High efficiency multi-color electro-phosphorescent OLEDS<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>51</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| US6265820B1<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7/24/2001</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Emagin Corporation,De<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Heat removal system for use in organic light emitting diode displays having high brightness<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>50</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20020195968A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12/26/2002</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| IBM<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Oled current drive pixel circuit<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>44</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| US20020186209A1<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12/12/2002</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Touch screen for use with an OLED display<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>42</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20030127973A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7/10/2003</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Universal Display Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| OLEDs having increased external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>41</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| US6844673B1<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1/18/2005</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Alien Technology Corporation<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Split-fabrication for light emitting display structures<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>38</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20040174116A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9/9/2004</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Universal Display Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Transparent electrodes<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>36</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>11</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| US20050194896A1<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9/8/2005</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Hitachi Displays Ltd.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Light emitting element and display device and illumination device using the light emitting element<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>35</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20020074935A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6/20/2002</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Universal Display Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Highly stable and efficient OLEDs with a phosphorescent-doped mixed layer architecture<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>35</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>13</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| US20040217702A1<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>11/4/2004</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Corning Incorporated<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Light extraction designs for organic light emitting diodes<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>33</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>14</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20020030647A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3/14/2002</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Universal Display Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Uniform active matrix oled displays<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>32</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>15</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| US20050248270A1<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>11/10/2005</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Encapsulating OLED devices<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>31</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>16</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20040113875A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6/17/2004</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Color oled display with improved power efficiency<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>29</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>17</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| US20030230972A1<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12/18/2003</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Oled display having color filters for improving contrast<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>28</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>18</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20050040756A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2/24/2005</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| OLED device having microcavity gamut subpixels and a within gamut subpixel<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>27</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>19</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| US6670772B1<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12/30/2003</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Organic light emitting diode display with surface plasmon outcoupling<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>26</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>20</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20040061136A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4/1/2004</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Organic light-emitting device having enhanced light extraction efficiency<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>26</center><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Top Cited Articles ==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S. No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Title'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Publication Date'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Journal/Conference'''</center><br />
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Citations Count'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v420/n6917/full/nature01217.html?free=2 Electroluminescence from single monolayers of nanocrystals in molecular organic devices]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Oct 2002</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Nature, Internatinal journal of science.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>736</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v413/n6858/abs/413828a0.html Spin-dependent exciton formation in π-conjugated compounds]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Aug 2001</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Nature, Internatinal journal of science.<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>220</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cr050156n Highly Efficient Organic Devices Based on Electrically Doped Transport Layers]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Mar 2007</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| American Chemical Society Pub.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>211</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v82/i3/p466_s1?isAuthorized=no Phosphorescent top-emitting organic light-emitting devices with improved light outcoupling]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Nov 2002</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Applied Physics Letters / Volume 82 <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>111</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1288072 Thin-film permeation-barrier technology for flexible organic light-emitting devices]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Jan 2004</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| IEEE Photonics Society <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>104</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=669473 Design of flat-panel displays based on organic light-emitting devices]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Feb 1998 </center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| IEEE Photonics Society <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>100</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1224525 A new a-Si:H thin-film transistor pixel circuit for active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Aug 2003</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| IEEE Electron Devices Society<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>86</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W6J-49KS3CB-1&_user=10&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2003&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1688490500&_rerunOrigin=scholar.google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=ea20da18e92aafacab19ac69101f9a3c&searchtype=a The road to high efficiency organic light emitting devices ]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Sep 2003</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| ScienceDirect<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>87</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>9</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1327745 Amorphous silicon thin film transistor circuit integration for organic LED displays on glass and plastic]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Sep 2004</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| IEEE Photonics Society <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>73</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v82/i16/p2715_s1?isAuthorized=no Transparent-cathode for top-emission organic light-emitting diodes ]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Feb 2003</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Applied Physics Letters <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>72</center><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Dolcera Dashboard =<br />
[[Image:dashboard_features.png|center|750px|]]<br />
<br />
'''Dashboard Link'''<br><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|'''[http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=913 Top Emission OLED - Dashboard] '''<br />
|width="100"|[[Image:dashboard_thumb.png|center|100px|]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
*Flash Player is essential to view the Dolcera dashboard<br />
<br />
=Products=<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S. No.'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Company'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Product'''</center><br />
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Specifications'''</center><br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="14"| <center>1</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="14"| <center>[http://pro.sony.com/bbsc/ssr/product-BVME250/ Sony] </center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="14"| [[Image:oled 2.png]] <center>[http://pro.sony.com/bbsc/ssr/product-BVME250/ BVME250]<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Digital Inputs Specifications'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| HDMI<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| HDMI (x1) (HDCP correspondence, Deep Color correspondence)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| SDI (SMPTE 259M)<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| BNC (x2)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Display Specifications'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Image Aspect Ratio<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 16:09<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Resolution<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 1920 x 1080 pixels (Full HD)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Screen Size<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 24 5/8 inches (623.4 mm)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Viewing Angle<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 89°/89°/89°/89°<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''General Specifications Specifications'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Dimensions (W x H x D)<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 22 3/4 x 16 3/4 x 5 7/8 inches<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Weight<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 28 lb 11 oz<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Power Requirements Specifications'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Power Consumption<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Approx. 145 W<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Power Requirements<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| AC 100 V to 240 V, 1.6 A to 0.8 A, 50/60 Hz<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="14"| 2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="14"| <center>[http://www.sony.co.uk/biz/product/bvm/bvm-e170/overview Sony]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="14"|[[Image:oled 3.png]]<br> <center>[http://www.sony.co.uk/biz/product/bvm/bvm-e170/overview BVM-E170]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| '''Digital Inputs Specifications'''<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| HDMI<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| HDMI (x1) (HDCP correspondence, deep colour correspondence)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| SDI<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| BNC (x2)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| '''Display Specifications'''<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Image Aspect Ratio<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 16:09<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Resolution<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 1920 x 1080 pixels (Full HD)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Screen Size<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 365.8 x 205.7 mm (14 1/2 x 8 1/8 inches)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Viewing Angle<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 89°/89°/89°/89° (typical) (up/down/left/right contrast >10:1)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| '''General Specifications Specifications'''<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Dimensions (W x H x D)<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 436.0 x 282.4 (266.4)* x 214.7 mm (17 1/4 x 11 1/4 (10 1/2)* x 8 1/2 inches) * Height without legs<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Weight<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| 8.5 kg (18 lb 11 oz)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| '''Power Requirements Specifications'''<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Power Consumption<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Approx. 65 W normally with input from a standard HDMI input. Approx. 115 W at maximum load, with four option slots in use and maximum luminance compensation for any deterioration due to aging.<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Power Requirements<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| AC 100 V to 240 V, 1.4 A to 0.7 A, 50/60 Hz DC 24 V to 28 V, 4.7 A to 4.0 A<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="18"| <center>3</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="18"| <center>[http://pro.sony.com/bbsc/ssr/product-PVM740/ Sony]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="18"| [[Image:oled 1.png]] <center>[http://pro.sony.com/bbsc/ssr/product-PVM740/ PVM-740 ]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Digital Inputs Specifications'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| HDMI<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Yes<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| HDSDI (SMPTE 292M)<br />
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 3G/SDI/HDSDI<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| SDI (SMPTE 259M)<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Included<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Display Specifications'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Back Light Technology<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| OLED<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Native Aspect Ratio<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 16:09<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Resolution<br />
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 960 x 540<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Screen Size<br />
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Approx 7.4 inches<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Viewing Angle<br />
| colspan="7" style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 85°/85°/85°/85° (typical) (up/down/left/right contrast>10:1)<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''General Specifications Specifications'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Dimensions (W x H x D)<br />
| colspan="7" style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| 8 7/8 x 7 1/4 x 6 3/8 inches Approx. 222.4 x 183.5 x 161.8 mm<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| On-Screen Display<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Yes<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Rack Mount<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| MB531<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Weight<br />
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Approx. 5 lb 12 oz Approx. 2.6 kg<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Power Requirements Specifications'''<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Detail:'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Power Consumption<br />
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Max. approx. 27W<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Power Requirements<br />
| colspan="9" style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| AC 100 to 240 V 50/60 Hz 0.5A to 0.3A DC 12 V 1.9 A Rechargeable Battery Pack<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Market Research=<br />
==Major Players==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Major types of player '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''USA''' </center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''EU''' </center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Japan''' </center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Korea''' </center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Taiwan''' </center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''China''' </center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Original IPR for devices and for manufacture process + material supply / verification '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| UDC; Kodak; Add-Vision; Magin; Plextronics; Organic Lighting Technologies; GE;3M Innovation <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| CDT (Sumitomo Chemical) (UK); Novaled (G); Fraunhofer IPMS (G); OLED-T (UK); OTB (ND); MicroEmissive Displays (UK) <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Seiko-Epson; Matsushita; Sony; Sumitomo Chemical; Sharp; TM Display; Konica –Minolta; Sanyo; Toppoly; Lumiotec; Canon; Toshiba <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Samsung; LG Phillips LCD; Neo View; Doosan DND <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| AU Optoelectronics (AUO); Univision; Toppoly; Tetrahedron; Chi Mei Optoelectronics <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Bulk materials and glass suppliers '''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| PPG; 3M; Dow Corning <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Merck Materials (G); BASF (G); CDT (UK); Degussa/ Evonik (G); HC Starck (G); Sensient Imaging Technologies (G); Goodfellow Metals (UK); Novaled (G) <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Sumitomo Chemical; Mitsubishi Chemical <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Syndychem (Shenyang Syndy Chemistry Institute) <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Components – driver ccts., packaging etc '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Corning; Rockwell Collins <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| ST Microelectronics (It, Fr); Infineon (G) <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Maekawa; Matsushita; Toppoly <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Dae Joo Electrncs <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| AUO; Richtek Technologies; Lightsonic; Univision; Wintek <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Innocom Technologies Shenzen; RIT Display <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''OEM OLED FPD screen manufacturer & resellers '''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| eMagin; US Micro Products <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Densitron Technologies (UK); MicroEmissive Displays (MED) (UK); Pacer International Distributors (UK reseller) <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Seiko-Epson; Sharp; Sumitomo Chemical; Lumiotec; TMDisplay; Sanyo <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Samsung SDI; Orion OLED; NeoView KOLON; Hyundai LCD <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| AUO; Chi Mei EL (CMEL); Univision Technology; Evervision Electronics; RiTDisplay; TPO Display <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Visionix; Smartdisplays; Universal Display Technologoes (Jilin); Varitronix (HK); Blaze Display Technologies <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Branded application device or/and FPD screen manufacturer with retail device sales '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| OSD <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Nokia; Sony-Ericsson <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Sony; Matsushita; Hitachi; Toshiba; Imase <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| Samsung; LG Philips <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''OLED lighting branded suppliers and R&D '''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| GE <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Thorn EMI (UK); OSRAM (G); Siemens (G) <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Sumitomo Chemica<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
source: [[Media:market.pdf|Major players]]<br />
<br />
'''SWOT analysis'''<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Strengths '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Weaknesses '''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| • Capability for innovation<br>• Production of base materials for OLED manufacture <br>• Process equipment manufacture is easy.<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| • Lack of industrial productive capacity or eco-system to support low-cost volume production<br> • Capability to bring innovations to market – i.e. probability of export market success<br> • Lack of branded consumer goods suppliers apart from mobile handsets – e.g. Nokia <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Opportunities '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Threats '''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| • Possible renaissance in manufacturing at low-cost<br>• Use of IPR – with mitigations through agreements <br>• Expansion in base materials supply and process equipment manufacture for low temperatures <br />
| style="background-color:#DCE6F1;padding:0.079cm;"| • Older technologies – TFT-LCDs which improve technically – become cheaper, flexible, lower power demands and better colour/contrast, scale up larger, etc, make existing (LCD) players far stronger <br>• Strong competitive position and behaviour of current major players globally and market make market entry difficult or increasingly impossible <br />
<br />
|}<br />
==Market Forecast==<br />
'''OLED Lighting Market Forecast'''<br />
*OLED lighting will pick up in 2011, and reach $6.3B by 2018.<br />
*The OLED lighting market will reach $1.5B by 2015, and $6.3B by 2018.<br />
*Large investments have been made in OLED lighting in the EU, US, Japan and Korea.<br />
*There are about 20 OLED lighting organizations worldwide. Europe is currently the leading participant in OLED lighting in terms of projects numbers, government funding, and participating companies.<br />
*Over 100 companies and universities are currently working on OLED lighting.<br />
<br />
[[Image:markets.png|thumb|center|700 px|[[Media:market.pdf|OLED Lighting Market Forecast]]]]<br />
'''OLED TV Market Forecast'''<br />
*OLED TV sets will account for around half of all revenue for OLED panels in 2012, growing rapidly from just $150 million in 2011 to $1.5 billion in 2013. <br />
*iSuppli’s similarly forecasts the global OLED TV market will reach 2.8 million units by 2013, managing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 212.3% from just 3,000 units in 2007. <br />
*In terms of global revenue, OLED TV will hit $1.4 billion by 2013, increasing at a CAGR of 206.8% from $2 million in 2007.<br />
<br />
[[Image:marketes.png|thumb|center|700 px|[[Media:markets1.pdf|OLED TV Market Forecast]]]]<br />
<br />
'''OLED Dispaly Market Forecast'''<br />
*OLED display market will grow to $5.5 billion by 2015, from $0.6 billion in 2008, with a CAGR of 37%. Currently, this growth is being driven by the adoption of active matrix OLED (AMOLED) displays for the primary display in mobile phones and portable media players.<br />
<br />
[[Image:marketees.png|thumb|center|700 px|[[Media:market1s.pdf|OLED Display Market Forecast]]]]<br />
<br />
==Recent Licensing Activities in OLED Segment==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Licensor'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Licensee'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Details'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.globaloledtech.com/press-releases.html Global OLED Technology LLC]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|OLEDWorks<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|6th Dec 2011<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Under the terms of the royalty-bearing license, OLEDWorks is granted the right to use certain GOT patents in connection with OLEDWorks<nowiki>’</nowiki> commercialization of specified OLED lighting-related products.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.ledsmagazine.com/news/8/2/7 Universal Display]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Moser Baer<br />
|align = "center"|8th Feb 2011<br />
|align = "center"|Moser Baer agreed to license Universal<nowiki>’</nowiki>s OLED technology and purchase UniversalPHOLED (phosphorescent OLED) materials for white OLED panel manufacturing. The companies have agreed to work together for five years in the development of Moser Baer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s US-based OLED panel manufacturing project.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/29/idUS217574+29-Sep-2011+BW20110929 Universal Display]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Pioneer Corp<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|29th Sep 2011<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Pioneer is supposed to use Universal Display<nowiki>’</nowiki>s highly efficient, high-performance UniversalPHOLED® technology and materials for the manufacture and sale of OLED lighting products<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-02/dupont-may-have-licensed-technology-to-samsung-consultant-says.html DuPont]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Samsung<br />
|align = "center"|3rd Nov 2011<br />
|align = "center"|Samsung needed new technology for its larger models for televisions and hoped to benefit from DuPont<nowiki>’</nowiki>s recent innovations.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
==Landscape Analysis Of Top-Emmission OLED==<br />
<br />
<br />
===Competitor Landscape===<br />
====Top Assignee====<br />
[[Image:Assigneenew.png|thumb|center| 1000 px|Top Assignee]]<br />
<br />
====Filing trends over the publication years====<br />
[[Image:publication12.png|thumb|center| 1000 px|IP activity based on publication years]]<br />
<br />
====Filing trends over the priority years====<br />
[[Image:priority1.png|thumb|center| 1000 px|IP activity based on priority years]]<br />
<br />
====Geographical Distribution based on family members====<br />
*The geographical distribution is based on 10 sample patent numbers along with all their family members. <br />
[[Image:geographical 1.png|thumb|center| 1000 px|Geographical Distribution based on Family members of OLED]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Key Inventor Mapping===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Inventor'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2000'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2001'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2002'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2003'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2004'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2005'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2006'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2007'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2008'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2009'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''2010'''<br />
| colspan="2" style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Total Result'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Cok, Ronald<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">3</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">22</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">18</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">17</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">14</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">15</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">4</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''96'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Park, Jin Woo<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">18</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''20'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Choi, Beohm Rock<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">6</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">7</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''16'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Kim, Nam Deog<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">7</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">6</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">3</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''16'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Tyan, Yuan Sheng<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">7</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">3</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''15'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''6'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Winters, Dustin<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''15'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''7'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Choi, Dong Soo<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">13</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''14'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''8'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Choi, Joon Hoo<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">3</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">4</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''14'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''9'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Kwak, Won Kyu<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">9</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''14'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''10'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Miller, Michael<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">4</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">4</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''14'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''11'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Park, Jae Yong<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">8</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">4</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''14'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''12'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Shore, Joel<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">3</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''14'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''13'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Arnold, Andrew<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">4</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''13'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''14'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Boroson, Michael<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">4</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">3</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">4</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''13'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''15'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Goh, Joon Chul<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">4</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">3</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''13'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''16'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Tanaka, Masahiro<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">4</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''13'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''17'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Choong, Vi En<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''12'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''18'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Ghosh, Amalkumar<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">3</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''12'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''19'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Kim, Eun Ah<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">9</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''12'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''20'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Kobayashi Hidekazu<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right"></div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">2</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">5</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">1</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''12'''</div><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''21'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''Total Result'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''2'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''1'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''1'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''6'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''45'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''67'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''72'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''90'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''47'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''18'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''15'''</div><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">'''362'''</div><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Most Cited Patents===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Publication Number'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Assignee/Applicant'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Title'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Publication Date'''</center><br />
| colspan="3" style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Count of Citing Patents'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US6069443A<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Fed Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Passive matrix OLED display<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">30/05/2000</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>97</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US6366017B1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Agilent Technologies<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Organic light emitting diodes with distributed bragg reflector<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">02/04/2002</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>80</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20020197511A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| United Of America As Respresented By The Secretary Of The Air Force<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| High efficiency multi-color electro-phosphorescent OLEDS<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">26/12/2002</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>51</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US6265820B1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Emagin Corporation,De<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Heat removal system for use in organic light emitting diode displays having high brightness<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">24/07/2001</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>50</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20020195968A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| IBM<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Oled current drive pixel circuit<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">26/12/2002</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>44</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''6'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20020186209A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Touch screen for use with an OLED display<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">12/12/2002</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>42</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''7'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20030127973A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Universal Display Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| OLEDs having increased external electroluminescence quantum efficiencies<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">10/07/2003</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>41</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''8'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US6844673B1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Alien Technology Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Split-fabrication for light emitting display structures<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">18/01/2005</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>38</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''9'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20040174116A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Universal Display Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Transparent electrodes<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">09/09/2004</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>36</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''10'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20050194896A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Hitachi Displays Ltd.<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Light emitting element and display device and illumination device using the light emitting element<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">08/09/2005</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>35</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''11'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20020074935A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Universal Display Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Highly stable and efficient OLEDs with a phosphorescent-doped mixed layer architecture<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">20/06/2002</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>35</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''12'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20040217702A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Corning Incorporated<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Light extraction designs for organic light emitting diodes<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">04/11/2004</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>33</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''13'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20020030647A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Universal Display Corporation<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Uniform active matrix oled displays<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">14/03/2002</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>32</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''14'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20050248270A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Encapsulating OLED devices<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">10/11/2005</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>31</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''15'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20040113875A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Color oled display with improved power efficiency<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">17/06/2004</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>29</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''16'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20030230972A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Oled display having color filters for improving contrast<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">18/12/2003</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>28</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''17'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20050040756A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| OLED device having microcavity gamut subpixels and a within gamut subpixel<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">24/02/2005</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>27</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''18'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US6670772B1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Organic light emitting diode display with surface plasmon outcoupling<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">30/12/2003</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>26</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''19'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| US20040061136A1<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Eastman Kodak Company<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Organic light-emitting device having enhanced light extraction efficiency<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <div align="right">01/04/2004</div><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>26</center><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Most Cited Patents Mapping===<br />
[[Image:most.png|thumb|center| 1000 px|Most Cited Patents]]<br />
<br />
===Technology Mapping===<br />
* In OLED devices not all internally generated light is coupled out of the device (only 20%-50%), which reduces the device efficiency and lifetime. <br />
* Modification in structures are applied to improve outcouple efficiency in order to enhance the efficiency and lifetime of top emission OLEDs. <br />
* Below is a snapshot of how various organizations are using different design structures, using the same principle of internal reflection, to achieve higher out-coupling efficiencies. <br />
<br />
====Comparison of out coupling of waveguiding light in top-emission polyLED stack====<br />
[[Image:Slide-oled.jpg|thumb|center| 500 px|]]<br />
* Some light is reflected out of the OLED at stray angles in typical cases. By using a barrier material (form of microparticles) in the cathode layer, this light at stray angles hits the barrier material, and some of it is reflected back and guided out at the right angles, reducing light loss. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Slide-oled1.jpg|thumb|center| 500 px|]]<br />
<br />
* Microparticles are incorporated in the substrate, which prevents light loss by reflecting light emitted at stray angles. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Slide-oled2.jpg|thumb|center| 500 px|]]<br />
<br />
* A highly reflective anode is provided made of Aluminium or Silver, with a mirror like finish, to reflect light. <br />
[[Image:Slide-oled3.jpg|thumb|center| 500 px|]]<br />
<br />
* A shielding layer is provided below the anode, across its entire surface, thus increasing the surface area from which light can be reflected outside. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Slide-oled4.jpg|thumb|center| 500 px|]]<br />
<br />
* The reflective layer, anode, is made of a highly reflective surface like Aluminium alloy or silver.<br />
<br />
====Conclusion====<br />
The innovation is towards:<br />
* Incorporating micro-particles structure over the substrate that provide a reflective surface. <br />
* Highly reflective materials using metals like Molybdenum etc.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]<br />
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|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Bio-PET&diff=11100Bio-PET2015-07-27T13:52:57Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dashboard link */</p>
<hr />
<div>PET (Polyethyeleneterephthalate) is used in a variety of applications, especially in the making of durable bottles. There is a significant increase in interest of late in producing PET from renewable sources.<br />
<br />
This report describes the various techniques being used in the production of PET from sources such as cellulose. The report covers:<br />
# Various pathways for production of PET from renewable sources<br />
# All the catalysts (e.g. Hydrogen, Sodium, etc.) and techniques (e.g. catalytic dehydration) used in production of each of the intermediate compounds (e.g. ethylene glycol)<br />
# Search strategies for patents for the various pathways and methods for production of ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate, which are then used to produce PET<br />
# Classification and in-depth analysis of the patents <br />
# Presentation of results of the patent analysis on the Dolcera dashboard<br />
<br />
=Pathways for production of Polyethyeleneterephthalate=<br />
[[Image:bio pet1.jpg|thumb|center|1500px|'''Pathways for preparation of PET''']]<br />
==Polyethylene terephthalate==<br />
[[Image:PET.jpg|thumb|center|350px]]<br />
*Polyethylene terephthalate'''( (C'''<sub>'''10'''</sub>'''H'''<sub>'''8'''</sub>'''O'''<sub>'''4'''</sub>''')'''<sub>'''n'''</sub>''')''' (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), is also abbreviated as PET, PETE, or PETP or PET-P)<br />
*Some of the trade names of PET products are Dacron, Diolen, Tergal, Terylene, and Trevira fibers, Cleartuf, Eastman PET and Polyclear bottle resins, Hostaphan, Melinex, and Mylar films, and Arnite, Ertalyte, Impet, Rynite and Valox injection molding resins.<br><br />
*The materials that can be prepared using PET are bottles, tapes, films or pulled into fibers that are pressed into meshes or woven into fabrics.<br />
===Preparation of Polyethyleneterephthalate===<br />
* Polyethyleneterephthalate is prepared by reacting Dimethylterephthalate with Ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst. Dimethylterephthalate is obtained by treating Terephthalic acid with methanol. The catalyst is a salt of a metal like calcium, barium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, manganese, tin, zinc and chromium and a material selected from the group consisting of hydroxybenzophenone carboxylic acids and hydroxyacetophenone carboxylic acids. [[Media:polyethyleneterephthalate1.pdf|Source]]<br><br />
'''(Terephthalic acid) + 2CH<sub>3</sub>OH → (Dimethylterephthalate)'''<br />
<br />
'''(Dimethylterephthalate) + CH<sub>2</sub>(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>(OH) + Catalyst → (Polyethyleneterephthalate)'''<br />
<br />
==Ethylene glycol==<br />
[[Image:Ethylene glycol.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Ethylene glycol]] <br />
*Ethylene glycol'''(C'''<sub>'''2'''</sub>'''H'''<sub>'''4'''</sub>'''(OH)'''<sub>'''2'''</sub>''')''', (monoethylene glycol (MEG), 1,2-ethanediol, IUPAC name: ethane-1,2- diol,)<br />
*Ethylene glycol is an odorless, colorless, syrupy, sweet tasting, toxic liquid. <br />
*It is used as a heat transfer chemical i.e., as a coolant. Due to its low freezing point it is used as a deicing fluid for windshields and aircraft. <br />
*Ethylene glycol is widely used to inhibit the formation of natural gas clathrates in long multiphase pipelines. Then ethylene glycol can be recovered from the natural gas and reused as an inhibitor after purification treatment that removes water and inorganic salts.<br />
*Ethylene glycol has become increasingly important in the plastics industry for the manufacture of polyester fibers and resins, including polyethylene terephthalate, which is used to make plastic bottles for soft drinks. The antifreeze capabilities of ethylene glycol have made it an important component of vitrification mixtures for low-temperature preservation of biological tissues and organs. <br />
*Ethylene glycol may also be used as a protecting group for carbonyl groups in organic synthesis. <br />
*Ethylene glycol's high boiling point and affinity for water makes it an ideal desiccant for natural gas production.<br />
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene_glycol Source]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Preparation of Ethylene Glycol===<br />
<br />
Ethylene glycol is prepared in the following ways:<br />
<br />
'''1.''' From ethylene: Ethylene is oxidized to ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide upon hydrolysis ethylene glycol is prepared.<br />
<br />
'''7 H<sub>2</sub>C=CH<sub>2</sub> <nowiki>+</nowiki> 6 O<sub>2</sub> → 6 C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O <nowiki>+</nowiki> 2 CO<sub>2</sub> <nowiki>+</nowiki> 2 H<sub>2</sub>O'''<br />
<br />
'''C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O <nowiki>+</nowiki> H<sub>2</sub>O → HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH'''<br />
<br />
'''2.''' Ethylene glycol is prepared by reacting formaldehyde with methanol in the presence of organic peroxide(ditertiarybutylperoxide) [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4337371.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]<br />
<br />
'''CH<sub>3</sub>OH <nowiki>+</nowiki> HCHO <nowiki>+</nowiki> (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OOC(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>→ CH<sub>2</sub>(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>(OH)'''<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' In the above two preparation methods for ethylene glycol we have used ethylene, methanol, formaldehyde. The following are their preparations:<br />
<br />
'''Ethylene preparation''':<br />
<br />
1. Ethylene is prepared biologically from methionine by using enzymes.[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6294716.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]<br />
[[Image:Ethylene biosynthesis.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Ethylene biosynthesis]]<br><br />
<br />
2. Ethanol upon dehydrating in the presence of catalyst ethylene is prepared.[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4134926.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]<br />
<br />
'''C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH <nowiki>+</nowiki> Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(Catalyst) → H<sub>2</sub>C=CH<sub>2</sub> <nowiki>+</nowiki> H<sub>2</sub>O'''<br />
<br />
'''Methanol preparation''': Biological process<br />
<br />
Methanol is prepared through fermentation process. Vegetable materials are fermented anerobically in the presence of ''Zymomonas mobilis'' bacteria. In this process ethanol and methanol are the products. Methanol is separated from ethanol by distillation. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5070016.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]<br />
<br />
'''Formaldehyde preparation''':<br />
<br />
1. Formaldehyde is prepared enzymatically. In this process the lower alkyl alcohols are converted into lower aldehydes by using oxidase enzymes. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5234827.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]<br />
<br />
2. Formaldehyde is prepared by dehydrogenation of methanol using a catalyst. The catalyst is silver or silver/gold alloy on an inert hard, nonporous support. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4474996.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]<br />
<br />
'''CH<sub>3</sub>OH <nowiki>+</nowiki> Ag (or Ag/Au alloy)(Catalyst) → HCHO <nowiki>+</nowiki> H<sub>2</sub>'''<br />
<br />
'''Ethanol preparation''':<br />
<br />
Ethanol is prepared by fermentation process.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ethanol2.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Ethanol - fermentation]]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ethanol1.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Ethanol through Fermentation]]<br />
<br />
==Terephthalic acid==<br />
[[Image:Terephthalic acid.jpg|thumb|center|350px|Terephthalic acid]]<br />
*Terephthalic acid'''(C'''<sub>'''6'''</sub>'''H'''<sub>'''4'''</sub>'''(CO'''<sub>'''2'''</sub>'''H)'''<sub>'''2'''</sub>''')''' is a colourless solid, used principally as a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles. Several billion kilograms are produced annually. It is one of three isomeric phthalic acids.<br><br />
*Virtually the entire world's supply of terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate are consumed as precursors to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terephthalic_acid Source]<br />
===Preparation of Terephthalic acid===<br />
* Biological preparation of Terephthalic acid [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6187569.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]<br />
[[Image:Terephthalic acid23.jpg|thumb|center|750px|Biological preparation of Terephthalic Acid]]<br />
'''Preparation of ''p''-Xylene''':<br />
<br />
''p''-Xylene is prepared from toluene in the presence of a catalyst. This is a methylation reaction. The methylating agents are methanol, methyl chloride, methyl bromide, dimethylether or dimethylsulfide. The catalyst used is ZSM-23 zeolite material. Here this catalyst is used for attacking the methyl group in the para position of the toluene. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4049738.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]<br><br />
<br />
'''Toluene + Methylating agent + ZSM-23 Zeolite(Catalyst)→ P-xylene'''<br />
<br />
'''Preparation of Toluene''':<br><br />
1. Toluene is an aromatic extract from the tropical colombian tree ''Myroxylon Balsamum'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluene Source]<br><br />
2. Toluene is prepared from wastes like old trees, cable wastes, polyethylene waster and polypropylene wastes. In this process the waste products are pulverised and heated to a temperature range of 150˚C to 500˚C at a pressure of 20 to 300 bar [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4642401.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]<br />
<br />
'''Note'''-Today most of the ethylene manufacturers are producing ethylene through petroleum cracking.<br />
<br />
==Search Strategy==<br />
* Database - Micropat<br />
* We conducted search on concepts that have a biological method of preparation only.<br />
* We have not conducted search on production of ethanol (from which we prepare ethylene) since that is not the focus of this project. <br />
-------------<br />
* '''NOTE''': Explanation of Query Concepts<br />
* Query 1 - All Biological Process<br />
<br />
* Query 2 - Ethanol Fermentation<br />
<br />
* Final Query - Query 1 + Query 2<br />
-----------------<br />
<br />
Issue/Publication Years: 1836 - Date (9th June 2009) <br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 1'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Bio-Production of Terepthalic acid from Xylene'''<br />
|Full patent spec.<br />
|(((<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenecarboxylic OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>2para<nowiki>*</nowiki>2dicarboxylic OR benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>5dicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>p<nowiki>*</nowiki>dicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Benzenedicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Carboxybenzoic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Para<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Terephthalic) ADJ acid) OR Acide<nowiki>*</nowiki>2terephtalique OR Kyselina<nowiki>*</nowiki>2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid)<br />
|align = "center"| 102948 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|((bio<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversion OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>synthe<nowiki>*</nowiki>))<br />
|align = "center"|360711 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''<br />
|Full patent spec.<br />
| "1,4-dimethylbenzene" OR "p-methyltoluene" OR "1,4-xylene" OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>5dimethylbenzene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>5xylene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>3methyltoluene<br />
|align = "center"|507183 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center"|1 AND 2 AND 3<br />
|align = "center"|25'''(20 Unique hits)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "6"|'''Production of Ethylene from Ethanol'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|Ethanol OR (ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR (grain ADJ1 alcohol)<br />
|align = "center"|134288 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''6'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))<br />
|align = "center"|410332 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''7'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|produc<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR synthes<nowiki>*</nowiki>6 OR process OR method<br />
|align = "center"|13960381 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''8'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|(dehydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (water ADJ1 removal) OR hypohydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR zeolite<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR silica OR alumina OR (trifluoromethanesulfonic ADJ1 acid) OR evaporat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR desiccation OR drying OR trifluoromethanesulfonicacid OR (water NEAR5 remov<nowiki>*</nowiki>))<br />
|align = "center"|1643133 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''9'''<br />
|Any Classification<br />
|align = "center"|C07C OR B01D<br />
|align = "center"|1267051 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''10'''<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center"|5 AND 6 AND 7 AND 8 AND 9<br />
|align = "center"|2606''' (1863 Unique hits)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''11'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "5"|'''Production of Ethylene through Biological process'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|((bio OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversation OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) OR ferment<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microb<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>bacteria<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
|align = "center"|360711 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''12'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))<br />
|align = "center"|410332 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''13'''<br />
|Full patent spec.<br />
|<nowiki>*</nowiki>methionine OR (acc ADJ1 synthase) OR "1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase" OR ACCsynthase OR (<nowiki>*</nowiki>2aminocyclopropane<nowiki>*</nowiki>3carboxylate ADJ1 synthase)<br />
|align = "center"|60755 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''14'''<br />
| <br />
|align = "center"| C12N OR C12P<br />
|align = "center"|570454<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''15'''<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center"|11 AND 12 AND 13<br />
|align = "center"|237 ('''131 Unique hits''')<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''19'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "5"|'''Ethylene oxide from ethylene'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))<br />
|align = "center"|410332 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|oxidation OR produc<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR prepar<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR convers<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR synthsi<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
|align = "center"| 8311728 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''21'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|((Ethylene ADJ1 oxide) OR Epoxyaethan OR Epoxyethane OR Oxidoethane OR (Ethene ADJ1 oxide) OR Oxirane)<br />
|align = "center"| 59403 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''22'''<br />
|Any classification<br />
|align = "center"|B01J002104 OR B01J002108 OR B01J002304 OR B01J002350 OR C07D30103 OR B01D005304 OR B01J002112 OR B01J002712 OR B01J002708 OR B01J002710 OR B01J002709 OR B01J002308 OR B01J002368 OR B01J0027055 OR B01J002324 OR 00B01J002336 OR B01J002330 OR B01J002300 OR 00B01J2370 OR C07D30110 OR B01J002348 OR B01J2702 OR B01J2714 OR B01J2706 OR C07D30304 OR B01J00236200 OR B01J002366 OR B01D005304 OR B09J002104 OR B09J002108 OR B01J002396 OR B01J003102 OR B01J003100 OR B01J002118 OR B01J00208 OR B09J002112 OR 00B09J002350 OR B01J002302 OR B01J002303 OR B01J002720 OR B01J00231000B01J002378 OR C07D30132 OR B01J002106 OR B01J002396 OR C07D030132 OR C07D030100 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002900 OR C07C002909 OR C07C002700 OR C07D030106 OR B01J0027199 OR B01J002714 OR C07C005700<br />
|align = "center"| 195483 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''23'''<br />
|Combined query<br />
|align = "center"|19 AND 20 AND 21 AND 22<br />
|align = "center"| 2144 '''(1167 unique records)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|''' '''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#99CCFF"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''24'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|'''Ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide'''<br />
|Ethylene glycol manufacture<br />
|align = "center"|(<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Dihydroxyethane OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Ethandiol OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Ethanediol OR GLYCOL OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1Glycol OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>2Hydroxyethanol OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>2Hydroyethanol OR Aethylenglykol OR Athylenglykol OR Athylenglykol OR Diphyl OR Dowtherm<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR Ethane<nowiki>*</nowiki>4diol OR ethanediol OR Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1alcohol OR Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1Glycol OR Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1glycol OR Fridex OR Glycol<nowiki>*</nowiki>1alcohol OR Lutrol<nowiki>*</nowiki>19 OR MEG OR Monoethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>glycol OR Therminol <nowiki>*</nowiki>VP OR (ethylene ADJ1 glycol<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR ethyleneglycol<nowiki>*</nowiki>)SAME(produc<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR prepar<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR manufact<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR synthe<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki>))<br />
|align = "center"|75928 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''25'''<br />
|Any classification<br />
|align = "center"|C07D030108 OR C07B006100 OR C07C002948 OR C07C002950 OR C07C003120 OR C07D030103 OR C07D030104 OR C07D030122 OR C07D030300 OR C07D030304 OR C07B006100 OR C07C002900 OR C07C003100 OR C07D030100 OR C07D030300 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002909 OR C07C002700 OR C07C002726 OR C07C002974 OR C07C003102 OR C07C003300 OR C07C003120 OR C07C003118 OR C08G006526 OR B01J003108 OR C07C002980 OR C07C002976 OR C07C004103 OR C07C004310 OR C07C004311 OR C07D030110 OR C07C004100 OR C07C006900 OR C07C006800 OR C07C002900 OR C07C006806 OR C07C0029128 OR C07C002728 OR C07C002702 OR C07C002980 OR C07C002909 OR B01J003106 OR C07C003120 OR C07D031736 OR C07D031738 OR C07D031700<br />
|align = "center"|290188 (hits Unique hits)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''26'''<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center"|21 AND 24 AND 25<br />
|align = "center"|858(591<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|''' '''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''27'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Preparation of benzeneamide from benzene nitrile'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|(benzonitrile OR (benzene ADJ1 nitrile)OR cyanobenzene OR (cyno ADJ1 benzene ) OR (Benzene ADJ1 cyanide) OR (phenyl ADJ1 cyanide)OR (Benzene ADJ1 carbo ADJ1 nitrile) OR (Benzoic ADJ1 acid ADJ1 nitrile))<br />
|align = "center"|41789 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''28'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|(microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microb<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR bacteria OR yeast OR fungi OR bacteri<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR bioproduction OR biosynthesi<nowiki>*</nowiki> )<br />
|align = "center"| 339673 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''29'''<br />
|Full patent spec.<br />
|align = "center"| (benzene ADJ1 amide) OR (phenyl ADJ1 amide)OR amide)<br />
|align = "center"| 143811 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''30'''<br />
|Combined query<br />
|align = "center"|27 AND 28 AND 29<br />
|align = "center"|305'''(162 unique hits)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''15'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''All Combined'''<br />
|align = "center"|4 OR 10 OR 15 OR 23 OR 26 OR 30<br />
|align = "center"|5674''' (3644 unique records)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|Relevancy-25%<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 2'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "right"|1<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Preparation of ethanol from fermentation'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|align = "center"| ferment<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR zymology OR zymoptic<br />
|align = "center"|41789 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "right"|2<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|(Hydroxyethane OR (Methyl ADJ1 carbinol) OR (Pure ADJ1 alcohol) OR (Grain ADJ1 alcohol) OR (Ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR Ethanol<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR bioethanol<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (fermentation ADJ1 alcohol) OR methylcarbinol)<br />
|align = "center"| 339673 hits<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|Any classification<br />
|align = "center"| C12P OR C12N OR C12F OR C07C OR C07D<br />
|align = "center"|305'''(162 unique hits)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "right"|4<br />
|Combined query<br />
|align = "center"|1 AND 2 AND 3<br />
|align = "center"|3905'''(2207 unique hits)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Relevancy-50%'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Final Query'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Final Query'''<br />
| <br />
|align = "center"|Combined query<br />
|align = "center"|'''Query1 <nowiki>+</nowiki> Query 2'''<br />
|align = "center"|9669('''5847 unique hits)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Relevancy-30%'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
Note:The above mentioned benzamide is converted to benzoic acid which is then converted to terephthalic acid.<br />
* '''Benzoic acid to terepthalic acid''' [http://www.google.com/patents?id=aHRyAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0_0 US2823230]<br />
*'''Benzene amide to benzoic acid''' [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5932454.PN.&OS=PN/5932454&RS=PN/5932454 US5932454A]<br />
<br />
=== New search stratergy===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 1'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Bio-Production of Terephthalic acid'''<br />
|Full patent spec.<br />
|(((terephthalic OR Terepthalic) NEAR4 (produce<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR production OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR synthes<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biotransformation)) NEAR10 ((plant NEAR5 source) OR biological OR glucose OR fructose<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR sucrose OR starch OR cellulose OR biomass OR waste<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biotransformation OR feedstock))<br />
|align = "center"| 152 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|'''Production of Terephthalic acid from 2,5-furandicarboxylate'''<br />
|Full patent spec.<br />
|(<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenecarboxylic OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>2para<nowiki>*</nowiki>2dicarboxylic OR benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>5dicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>p<nowiki>*</nowiki>dicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Benzenedicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Carboxybenzoic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Para<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR (Terephthalic ADJ1 acid) OR Acide<nowiki>*</nowiki>2terephtalique OR Kyselina<nowiki>*</nowiki>2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid)<br />
|align = "center"|104258 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''<br />
|Full patent spec.<br />
|"2,5-furandicarboxylate" OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>furandicarboxylate OR (furane ADJ1 dicarboxylate) OR furfurandicarboxylate OR (oxole ADJ1 dicarboxylate)OR (divinyl ADJ1 oxide ADJ1 dicarboxylate)<br />
|align = "center"|174 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center"|2 AND 3<br />
|align = "center"|20<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Bio-Production of Terephthalic acid from Xylene'''<br />
|Full patent spec.<br />
|(((<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenecarboxylic OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>2para<nowiki>*</nowiki>2dicarboxylic OR benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>5dicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>p<nowiki>*</nowiki>dicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Benzenedicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Carboxybenzoic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Para<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Terephthalic) ADJ acid) OR Acide<nowiki>*</nowiki>2terephtalique OR Kyselina<nowiki>*</nowiki>2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid)<br />
|align = "center"| 102948 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''6'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|((bio<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversion OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>synthe<nowiki>*</nowiki>))<br />
|align = "center"|360711 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''7'''<br />
|Full patent spec.<br />
| "1,4-dimethylbenzene" OR "p-methyltoluene" OR "1,4-xylene" OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>5dimethylbenzene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>5xylene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>3methyltoluene<br />
|align = "center"|507183 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''8'''<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center"|5 AND 6 AND 7<br />
|align = "center"|25'''(20 Unique hits)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''9'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Combined Query'''<br />
|align = "center"|1 OR 4OR 8<br />
|align = "center"|189 ('''101 Unique Hits)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|Relevancy-10%<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 2'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''10'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Production of Ethylene through Biological process'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|((bio OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversation OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) OR ferment<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microb<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>bacteria<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
|align = "center"|360711 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''11'''<br />
|align = "center"|''' '''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))<br />
|align = "center"|410332 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''12'''<br />
|align = "center"|''' '''<br />
|Full patent spec.<br />
|<nowiki>*</nowiki>methionine OR (acc ADJ1 synthase) OR "1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase" OR ACCsynthase OR (<nowiki>*</nowiki>2aminocyclopropane<nowiki>*</nowiki>3carboxylate ADJ1 synthase)<br />
|align = "center"|60755 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''13'''<br />
|align = "center"|''' '''<br />
| <br />
|align = "center"| C12N OR C12P<br />
|align = "center"|570454<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''14'''<br />
|align = "center"|''' '''<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center"|11 AND 12 AND 13<br />
|align = "center"|331<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|''' '''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|''' '''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''15'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "6"|'''Production of Ethylene from Ethanol'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|Ethanol OR (ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR (grain ADJ1 alcohol)<br />
|align = "center"|134288 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''16'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))<br />
|align = "center"|410332 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''17'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|produc<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR synthes<nowiki>*</nowiki>6 OR process OR method<br />
|align = "center"|13960381 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''18'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|(dehydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (water ADJ1 removal) OR hypohydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR zeolite<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR silica OR alumina OR (trifluoromethanesulfonic ADJ1 acid) OR evaporat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR desiccation OR drying OR trifluoromethanesulfonicacid OR (water NEAR5 remov<nowiki>*</nowiki>))<br />
|align = "center"|1643133 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''19'''<br />
|Any Classification<br />
|align = "center"|C07C OR B01D<br />
|align = "center"|1267051 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center"|15 OR 16 OR 17 OR 18 OR 19<br />
|align = "center"|2606''' (1863 Unique hits)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Final Query'''<br />
|align = "center"|14 OR 20<br />
|align = "center"|2936''' (2046 Unique hits)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Relevency-20%<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''21'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Final Query'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Query 1<nowiki>+</nowiki>Query2'''<br />
|align = "center"|3123('''2145 unique hits''')<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|Relevancy-15%<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
=='''IP Analysis for conversion of ethanol into ethylene '''==<br />
==='''IP Activity'''===<br />
<br />
[[Image:Ip Activity.jpg|center|thumb|700px| '''IP Activity''']]<br />
<br />
==='''Top Assignee for patents related to conversion of Ethanol to Ethylene'''===<br />
[[Image:Top assignee2.jpg|center|thumb|800px| '''Top Assignees''']]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Patent Analysis==<br />
<br />
#'''Click here for [[Media:Analysis sheet ethanol dehydration.xls| Patent Analysis Sheet]]'''<br />
<br />
==Dashboard link==<br />
{|border="3" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" <br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=561 '''Dashboard''']<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
== '''IP Analysis for patents related to biological production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural '''==<br />
==='''IP Activity'''===<br />
<br />
[[Image:IP Activit.jpg|center|thumb|800px|'''Top Assignee''']]<br />
<br />
==='''Top Assignee for patents related to biological production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural'''===<br />
<br />
[[Image:Top assigne1.jpg|center|thumb|800px| '''Top Assignees''']]<br />
<br />
==Patent Analysis==<br />
<br />
#'''Click here for [[Media:Analysis sheet ethanol dehydration.xls| Patent Analysis Sheet]]'''<br />
<br />
==Dashboard link==<br />
{|border="3" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" <br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=566 '''Dashboard''']<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
----<br />
<br />
== '''IP Analysis for conversion of ethanol into ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid '''==<br />
==='''IP Activity'''===<br />
<br />
[[Image:IP Activiy.jpg|center|thumb|800px|'''Top Assignee''']]<br />
<br />
==='''Top Assignee for patents related to conversion of Ethanol to ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid'''===<br />
<br />
[[Image:Top assign3.jpg|center|thumb|800px| '''Top Assignees''']]<br />
<br />
==Patent Analysis==<br />
<br />
#'''Click here for [[Media:Analysis sheet ethanol dehydration.xls| Patent Analysis Sheet]]'''<br />
<br />
==Dashboard link==<br />
{|border="3" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" <br />
|-<br />
|[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=567 '''Dashboard''']<br />
|-<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Smart_Drug_Delivery_Systems&diff=11099Smart Drug Delivery Systems2015-07-27T13:51:42Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dolcera Dashboard */</p>
<hr />
<div>*The report captures the IP activity along with the key players in the smart drug delivery system industry.<br />
*The report also captures the distribution of patents across the world.<br />
*The IP information, competitor activity and the technology classification are also included.<br />
*Prior art problems and their respective solutions given in different patents are captured in addition to the taxonomy nodes(technology breakdown classification).<br />
*Product analysis is done for seven products. <br />
[[Image:Nanojet Microneedles.png|right|thumb|450px|'''[http://www.debiotech.com/ Nanojet Microneedles]''']]<br />
[[Image:Jewel Pump.png|right|thumb|200px|'''[http://www.diabetesmine.com/2010/06/ada-device-report-new-jewel-pump-is-best-in-show.html Jewel Pump]''']]<br />
==Introduction==<br />
*The smart drug delivery system is used for delivering drugs to the host. Biological information detected by biological sensors is analyzed and the drug delivery system is actuated to deliver the drug based on the information.<br />
*The system utilizes MEMS or NEMS technology based drug pumps, micro-pumps, micro-needles, micro-osmotic pumps, and nano-pumps.<br />
*MEMS based drug delivery systems provide enhanced drug therapy which allows accurate dosing with more efficacy and effectiveness. The application of MEMS for drug delivery through biocapsules, microneedles, and micropumps offers a less invasive drug therapy and improves the quality of life of the patients. <br />
*It also includes sensors or communication systems to remotely activate or control the pumps. <br />
[https://dolcera.net/teamwiki_prod/index.php/smart_drug_delivery_background read more...]<br />
<br />
==Smart Drug Delivery Systems: Search Strategy==<br />
===Control Patents===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent/Publication No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width ="105"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date'''<br>(mm/dd/yyyy)</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Assignee / Applicant'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6723086.PN.&OS=PN/6723086&RS=PN/6723086 US6723086]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|04/20/04<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Logiq Wireless Solutions<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Remote controlled transdermal medication delivery device<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070071596%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070071596&RS=DN/20070071596 US20070071596]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|03/29/07<br />
|Sensile PatAG<br />
|Liquid drug delivery micropump<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060283465%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060283465&RS=DN/20060283465 US20060283465]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|12/21/06<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Hewlett-Packard Development Company<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Smart drug delivery system and a method of implementation thereof<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050187515%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050187515&RS=DN/20050187515 US20050187515]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|08/25/05<br />
|Advanced Neuromodulation Systems<br />
|Reduced size programmable drug pump<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040220498%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040220498&RS=DN/20040220498 US20040220498]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11/04/04<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|None<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Micro medical-lab-on-a-chip in a lollipop as a drug delivery device and/or a health monitoring device<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060271020%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060271020&RS=DN/20060271020 US20060271020]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|11/30/06<br />
|Chrono Therapeutics<br />
|Portable drug delivery device including a detachable and replaceble administration or dosing element<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080161779%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080161779&RS=DN/20080161779 US20080161779]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|07/03/08<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|None<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Implantable nano pump for drug delivery<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Concept Table===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 1'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 2'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 3'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 4'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 5'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''MEMS'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''NEMS'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Drug'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Communication'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Delivery'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|microelectromechanical Systems<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|nanoelectromechanical systems<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|pharmaceutical<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|telemetry<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|inject<nowiki>*</nowiki>4<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|microsystem Technology<br />
|bioNems<br />
|medicament<br />
|wireless<br />
|perfus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|bioMems<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|nanopump<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|medicin<nowiki>*</nowiki>4<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|remote monitoring<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|infus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|micropump<br />
| <br />
|medicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>4<br />
|programmable<br />
|diffus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|microneedle<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|medicant<nowiki>*</nowiki>1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|self-actuated<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|releas<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|microosmotic pump<br />
| <br />
|therapeutic<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
|automated<br />
|administ<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|lab on a chip<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|timed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|dispens<nowiki>*</nowiki><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|lab micro chip<br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===English Keyword Search===<br />
Database: '''MicroPatent'''<br><br />
Timeline: '''01/01/1991 - 01/01/2011'''<br><br />
Patent Coverage: '''USG, USA, EP-A, EP-B, WO, JP, DE,GB, FR'''<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Search Query'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Scope'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Hits'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|MEMS <nowiki>+</nowiki> NEMS<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|microelectromechanical OR (micro ADJ2 electro ADJ2 mechanical) OR mems OR nems OR nanoelectromechanical OR (nano ADJ2 electro ADJ2 mechanical) OR micropump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (micro ADJ2 pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (biomems) OR (bio ADJ2 mems) OR bionems OR (bio ADJ2 nems) OR (nano ADJ2 pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR nanopump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR ("microosmotic pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1") OR (micro ADJ2 osmotic ADJ2 pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ("lab on chip") OR ("lab on a chip") OR (lab ADJ2 on ADJ2 chip) OR (lab ADJ2 on ADJ2 a ADJ2 chip) OR ("lab micro chip") OR (lab ADJ2 micro ADJ2 chip) OR ("microsystem technology") OR ("microsystem technologies") OR (micro ADJ2 system ADJ2 tech<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (microneedle<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (micro ADJ2 needle<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|claims, title, or abstract<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|27,867<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Drug Delivery<br />
|(drug<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR pharmaceutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR pharma OR medicin<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR medicament<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR medicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR medicant<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (medical ADJ3 substance<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR therapeutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) NEAR10 (deliver<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR inject<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR perfus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR infus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR diffus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR releas<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR administ<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR dispens<nowiki>*</nowiki>)<br />
|full spec<br />
|align = "right"|6,52,748<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sensor/Communication<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|wireless OR (wire ADJ2 less) OR telemetr<nowiki>*</nowiki>6 OR ((sens<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR sensor<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (radio ADJ2 frequenc<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) SAME (transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission OR communicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transfer<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 )) OR (rf ADJ2 (transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission)) OR ((communicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transfer<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission) SAME (signal<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR data OR information<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programmed OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programming OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>program?er OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programmable OR automated OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timed OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timing OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timer OR ((self OR auto) ADJ2 regulat<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR ((self OR auto) ADJ2 sustain<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR ((self OR auto) ADJ2 actuat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR ((control<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ADJ2 (system<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR device<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR unit)) SAME (remote<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission OR transfer<nowiki>*</nowiki>3))<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|claims, title, or abstract<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|26,46,253<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Final Query<br />
|align = "center"|1 AND 2 AND 3<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|align = "right"|552 (<font color="#333333">'''278''' unique)</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===German Keyword Search ===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Search Query'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Scope'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Hits'''</font><br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|MEMS <nowiki>+</nowiki> NEMS<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|mikroelektromechanische OR (mikro ADJ2 électro ADJ2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR mems OR nems OR nanoélectromécani<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (nano ADJ2 électro ADJ2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR micropompes OR (micro ADJ2 pompes) OR (micro ADJ2 fluidique<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR microfluidique<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR biomems OR (bio ADJ2 mems) OR bionems OR (bio ADJ2 nems) OR (nano ADJ2 pompe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) (nanopompe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>microosmotique pompe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR (micro ADJ2 osmotique pompe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>labor auf dem chip<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR ( labor ADJ2 auf ADJ2 dem ADJ2 chip ) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>lab mikrochip<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR (lab ADJ2 mikrochip) OR (lab ADJ2 mikro ADJ2 chip) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>mikrosystem technologie<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>mikrosystem technologien<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR ( mikro ADJ2 system ADJ2 technologie) OR (mikro ADJ2 system ADJ2 technologien) OR ( mikrosystem ADJ2 technologie) OR ( mikrosystem ADJ2 technologien) OR mikronadel<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|claims, title, or abstract<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|24,112<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Drug Delivery<br />
|(drug OR Pharmazeutische<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR pharma OR Medizin OR Medikation OR Medikament OR therapeutischen OR Therapeutik OR (medizinische ADJ2 Substanz<nowiki>*</nowiki>2)) NEAR10 (Liefern OR Lieferung OR Delivering OR injizieren OR Einspritzen OR Injektion OR perfuse OR perfusion OR einflößen OR infusion OR diffusen OR diffusion OR diffundierenden OR Freigabe OR Loslassen OR verwalten OR Verwaltung OR verzichten OR Dosierung)<br />
|full spec<br />
|align = "right"|43,825<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sensor/Communication<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|drahtlos OR wireless OR (wire ADJ2 less) OR telemetrie OR fernmessung OR ((abfragung OR sensor OR (radio ADJ2 frequenz<nowiki>*</nowiki>2)) same (übertragung OR kommunizieren OR kommunikation)) OR (rf ADJ2 übertragung) OR ((kommunizieren OR kommunikation OR übertragung) same (signal OR daten OR informationen)) OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programmiert OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programmierung OR zeitgesteuert OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timer OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timing OR ((selbst OR auto) ADJ2 (regulieren OR regeln OR geregelt OR reguliert OR regulieren OR regulierung)) OR ((selbst OR auto) ADJ2 nachhaltig) OR ((selbst OR auto) ADJ2 (betätigen OR betätigt))<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|claims, title, or abstract<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7,43,303<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Inventors<br />
|(aceti NEAR4 john NEAR4 gregory) OR (bachman NEAR4 mark) OR (bardell NEAR4 ronald NEAR4 louis) OR (bassuk NEAR4 william ) OR (birdwell NEAR4 vince ) OR (bui NEAR4 tuan) OR (cabus NEAR4 eugen) OR (cates NEAR4 adam ) OR (chau NEAR4 qui) OR (dipierro NEAR4 guy) OR (erickson NEAR4 john) OR (etheredge NEAR4 robert ) OR (fein NEAR4 seymour) OR (friden NEAR4 phillip ) OR (gates NEAR4 iii NEAR4 william ) OR (giampapa NEAR4 vincent ) OR (giannos NEAR4 steven ) OR (goldberg NEAR4 dennis ) OR (goode NEAR4 paul ) OR (gregory NEAR4 christopher NEAR4 carter) OR (hartwell NEAR4 peter) OR (herbst NEAR4 ewa) OR (herschkowitz NEAR4 samuel) OR (heruth NEAR4 kenneth ) OR (holmes NEAR4 elizabeth ) OR (howard NEAR4 john) OR (huang NEAR4 joseph) OR (hughes NEAR4 ralph ) OR (hyde NEAR4 roderick ) OR (jacobsen NEAR4 stephen ) OR (jacobson NEAR4 james ) OR (jandrisits NEAR4 alice) OR (kane NEAR4 david) OR (kowalik NEAR4 francis ) OR (lal NEAR4 biren) OR (larson NEAR4 lary ) OR (lee NEAR4 abraham NEAR4 phillip) OR (li NEAR4 guann NEAR4 pyng) OR (martin NEAR4 francis) OR (mattes NEAR4 michael ) OR (mazar NEAR4 scott ) OR (mcbride NEAR4 sterling NEAR4 eduard) OR (moroney NEAR4 iii NEAR4 richard NEAR4 morgan) OR (naamat NEAR4 judy ) OR (nason NEAR4 clyde ) OR (nickel NEAR4 janice) OR (nielsen NEAR4 ole NEAR4 christian) OR (ozeri NEAR4 jehonatan) OR (ozeri NEAR4 shaul) OR (petersen NEAR4 john ) OR (preuthun NEAR4 jan NEAR4 harald) OR (radmer NEAR4 jim) OR (rebec NEAR4 mihailo ) OR (roy NEAR4 shaunak) OR (rush NEAR4 benjamin) OR (ryser NEAR4 peter) OR (schwichtenberg NEAR4 jay NEAR4 gordon) OR (solomon NEAR4 neal) OR (straessler NEAR4 sigrid) OR (stutz NEAR4 jr. NEAR4 william ) OR (tegreene NEAR4 clarence ) OR (thompson NEAR4 david ) OR (trovato NEAR4 karen ) OR (varrichio NEAR4 anthony) OR (walczak NEAR4 robbie ) OR (wang NEAR4 chengwang) OR (wang NEAR4 tzu-yu) OR (wei NEAR4 chiming) OR (williamson NEAR4 mark) OR (wood NEAR4 jr. NEAR4 lowell ) OR (yap NEAR4 darren ) OR (zanzucchi NEAR4 peter NEAR4 john) OR (zentner NEAR4 gaylen ) OR (zhang NEAR4 sean)<br />
|full spec<br />
|align = "right"|11,320<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Assignees<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|(abbott diabetes care ) OR (rosedale medical inc) OR (arete associate<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (sarcos lc) OR (novo nORdisk as) OR (searete llc) OR (honeywell int inc) OR (serenity pharmaceutical<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (transp pharmaceutical<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (sensile pat ag ) OR (hewlett-packard development company) OR (hp development company ) OR (chrono therapeutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (innovations holding<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (advanced neuromodulation) OR (baxter international ) OR (logiq wireless solutions) OR (koninklijke philips electronics) OR (bayer healthcare llc) OR (medtronic) OR (theranos inc.) OR (cardiac pacemakers )<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|full spec<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1,68,139<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|1 AND 2 AND 3<br />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|align = "right"|29<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Combined Query<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|4 AND 6<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|15<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|5 AND 6<br />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|align = "right"|13<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Final Query<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|6 OR 7 OR 8<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|29 (<font color="#333333">'''13''' unique)</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===French Keyword Search ===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Search Query'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Scope'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Hits'''</font><br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|MEMS <nowiki>+</nowiki> NEMS<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|microélectromécanique OR (micro ADJ2 électro ADJ2 mécanique) OR mems OR nems OR nanoélectromécaniques OR (nano ADJ2 électro ADJ2 mécaniques) OR micropompe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (micro ADJ2 pompe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR microfluidique OR (micro ADJ2 fluidique) OR biomems OR (bio ADJ2 mems) OR bionems OR (bio ADJ2 nems) OR nanopompe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (nano ADJ2 pompe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>microosmotique pompe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ( micro ADJ2 osmotique ADJ2 pompe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>laboratoire sur puce<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR (laboratoire ADJ2 sur ADJ2 puce) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>lab micro puce<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR (lab ADJ2 micro ADJ2 puce) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>système de micro technologie<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>système de micro technologies<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR (système ADJ2 de ADJ2 micro ADJ2 technologie<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>microsystème technologie<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>microsystème technologies<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR (microsystème ADJ2 technologie) OR (microsystème ADJ2 technologies) OR (microneedle OR microaiguille)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|claims, title, or abstract<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|25,297<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Drug Delivery<br />
|(drogue<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR pharmaceutiques OR pharma OR (la médecine) OR (lamédecine) OR (la ADJ2 médecine) OR médicaments OR ((médicaux OR medical) ADJ2 (substance<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR thérapeutique<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) near10 (livraison OR livraison OR (la livraison) OR (la ADJ2 livraison) (lalivraison) OR injectez OR injection OR perfuser OR perfusion OR infuser OR infusion OR diffuse OR administrer OR l<nowiki>’</nowiki>administration OR dispenser OR (<nowiki>’</nowiki>de distribution<nowiki>’</nowiki>) OR (de ADJ2 distribution) OR (dedistribution))<br />
|full spec<br />
|align = "right"|18,285<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sensor/Communication<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|(sans fil) OR (sans ADJ2 fil) OR wireless OR (wire ADJ2 less) OR télémétrie OR ((capteur OR sensor OR (de détection) OR (de ADJ2 détection) OR détection OR (radio ADJ2 fréquence<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) same (transmettre OR transmettant OR transmettez OR transmission OR communique<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (la communication) OR (la ADJ2 communication) OR communication)) OR (rf ADJ2 (transmettre OR transmettant OR transmettez OR transmission)) OR ((transmettre OR transmettant OR transmettez OR transmission OR communique<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (la communication) OR (la ADJ2 communication) OR communication) SAME (signal OR données OR (l<nowiki>’</nowiki>information) OR (l ADJ2 information))) OR programmé OR programmation OR temporisé OR minuterie OR temporisateur OR ((auto OR automatique) ADJ2 réglementer) OR ((auto OR automatique) ADJ2 ( actionner OR actionné))<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|claims, title, or abstract<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|10,35,863<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Inventors<br />
|(aceti NEAR4 john NEAR4 gregory) OR (bachman NEAR4 mark) OR (bardell NEAR4 ronald NEAR4 louis) OR (bassuk NEAR4 william ) OR (birdwell NEAR4 vince ) OR (bui NEAR4 tuan) OR (cabus NEAR4 eugen) OR (cates NEAR4 adam ) OR (chau NEAR4 qui) OR (dipierro NEAR4 guy) OR (erickson NEAR4 john) OR (etheredge NEAR4 robert ) OR (fein NEAR4 seymour) OR (friden NEAR4 phillip ) OR (gates NEAR4 iii NEAR4 william ) OR (giampapa NEAR4 vincent ) OR (giannos NEAR4 steven ) OR (goldberg NEAR4 dennis ) OR (goode NEAR4 paul ) OR (gregory NEAR4 christopher NEAR4 carter) OR (hartwell NEAR4 peter) OR (herbst NEAR4 ewa) OR (herschkowitz NEAR4 samuel) OR (heruth NEAR4 kenneth ) OR (holmes NEAR4 elizabeth ) OR (howard NEAR4 john) OR (huang NEAR4 joseph) OR (hughes NEAR4 ralph ) OR (hyde NEAR4 roderick ) OR (jacobsen NEAR4 stephen ) OR (jacobson NEAR4 james ) OR (jandrisits NEAR4 alice) OR (kane NEAR4 david) OR (kowalik NEAR4 francis ) OR (lal NEAR4 biren) OR (larson NEAR4 lary ) OR (lee NEAR4 abraham NEAR4 phillip) OR (li NEAR4 guann NEAR4 pyng) OR (martin NEAR4 francis) OR (mattes NEAR4 michael ) OR (mazar NEAR4 scott ) OR (mcbride NEAR4 sterling NEAR4 eduard) OR (moroney NEAR4 iii NEAR4 richard NEAR4 morgan) OR (naamat NEAR4 judy ) OR (nason NEAR4 clyde ) OR (nickel NEAR4 janice) OR (nielsen NEAR4 ole NEAR4 christian) OR (ozeri NEAR4 jehonatan) OR (ozeri NEAR4 shaul) OR (petersen NEAR4 john ) OR (preuthun NEAR4 jan NEAR4 harald) OR (radmer NEAR4 jim) OR (rebec NEAR4 mihailo ) OR (roy NEAR4 shaunak) OR (rush NEAR4 benjamin) OR (ryser NEAR4 peter) OR (schwichtenberg NEAR4 jay NEAR4 gordon) OR (solomon NEAR4 neal) OR (straessler NEAR4 sigrid) OR (stutz NEAR4 jr. NEAR4 william ) OR (tegreene NEAR4 clarence ) OR (thompson NEAR4 david ) OR (trovato NEAR4 karen ) OR (varrichio NEAR4 anthony) OR (walczak NEAR4 robbie ) OR (wang NEAR4 chengwang) OR (wang NEAR4 tzu-yu) OR (wei NEAR4 chiming) OR (williamson NEAR4 mark) OR (wood NEAR4 jr. NEAR4 lowell ) OR (yap NEAR4 darren ) OR (zanzucchi NEAR4 peter NEAR4 john) OR (zentner NEAR4 gaylen ) OR (zhang NEAR4 sean)<br />
|full spec<br />
|align = "right"|11,320<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Assignees<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|(abbott diabetes care ) OR (rosedale medical inc) OR (arete associate<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (sarcos lc) OR (novo nORdisk as) OR (searete llc) OR (honeywell int inc) OR (serenity pharmaceutical<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (transp pharmaceutical<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (sensile pat ag ) OR (hewlett-packard development company) OR (hp development company ) OR (chrono therapeutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (innovations holding<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (advanced neuromodulation) OR (baxter international ) OR (logiq wireless solutions) OR (koninklijke philips electronics) OR (bayer healthcare llc) OR (medtronic) OR (theranos inc.) OR (cardiac pacemakers )<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|full spec<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1,68,139<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|1 AND 2 AND 3<br />
| <br />
|align = "right"|13<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Combined Query<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|4 AND 6<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| <br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|4<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|5 AND 6<br />
| <br />
|align = "right"|8<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Final Query<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|6 OR 7 OR 8<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13 (<font color="#333333">'''5''' unique)</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Assignee Search===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Search Query'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Scope'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Hits'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|MEMS <nowiki>+</nowiki> NEMS<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|microelectromechanical OR (micro ADJ2 electro ADJ2 mechanical) OR mems OR nems OR nanoelectromechanical OR (nano ADJ2 electro ADJ2 mechanical) OR micropump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (micro ADJ2 pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (biomems) OR (bio ADJ2 mems) OR bionems OR (bio ADJ2 nems) OR (nano ADJ2 pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR nanopump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR ("microosmotic pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1") OR (micro ADJ2 osmotic ADJ2 pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ("lab on chip") OR ("lab on a chip") OR (lab ADJ2 on ADJ2 chip) OR (lab ADJ2 on ADJ2 a ADJ2 chip) OR ("lab micro chip") OR (lab ADJ2 micro ADJ2 chip) OR ("microsystem technology") OR ("microsystem technologies") OR (micro ADJ2 system ADJ2 tech<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (microneedle<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (micro ADJ2 needle<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|claims, title, or abstract<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|27,867<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Drug Delivery<br />
|(drug<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR pharmaceutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR pharma OR medicin<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR medicament<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR medicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR medicant<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (medical ADJ3 substance<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR therapeutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) NEAR10 (deliver<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR inject<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR perfus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR infus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR diffus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR releas<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR administ<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR dispens<nowiki>*</nowiki>)<br />
|full spec<br />
|align = "right"|6,52,748<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sensor/Communication<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|wireless OR (wire ADJ2 less) OR telemetr<nowiki>*</nowiki>6 OR ((sens<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR sensor<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (radio ADJ2 frequenc<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) SAME (transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission OR communicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transfer<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 )) OR (rf ADJ2 (transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission)) OR ((communicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transfer<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission) SAME (signal<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR data OR information<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programmed OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programming OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>program?er OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programmable OR automated OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timed OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timing OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timer OR ((self OR auto) ADJ2 regulat<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR ((self OR auto) ADJ2 sustain<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR ((self OR auto) ADJ2 actuat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR ((control<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ADJ2 (system<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR device<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR unit)) SAME (remote<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission OR transfer<nowiki>*</nowiki>3))<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|claims, title, or abstract<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|26,46,253<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Assignee<br />
|(abbott diabetes care ) OR (rosedale medical inc) OR (arete associate<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (sarcos lc) OR (novo nORdisk as) OR (searete llc) OR (honeywell int inc) OR (serenity pharmaceutical<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (transp pharmaceutical<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (sensile pat ag ) OR (hewlett-packard development company) OR (hp development company ) OR (chrono therapeutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (innovations holding<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (advanced neuromodulation) OR (baxter international ) OR (logiq wireless solutions) OR (koninklijke philips electronics) OR (bayer healthcare llc) OR (medtronic) OR (theranos inc.) OR (cardiac pacemakers )<br />
|full spec<br />
|align = "right"|1,68,139<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Final Query<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1 AND 2 AND 3 AND 4<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|117 (<font color="#333333">'''54''' unique)</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Inventor Search===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Search Query'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Scope'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Hits'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|MEMS <nowiki>+</nowiki> NEMS<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|microelectromechanical OR (micro ADJ2 electro ADJ2 mechanical) OR mems OR nems OR nanoelectromechanical OR (nano ADJ2 electro ADJ2 mechanical) OR micropump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (micro ADJ2 pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (biomems) OR (bio ADJ2 mems) OR bionems OR (bio ADJ2 nems) OR (nano ADJ2 pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR nanopump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR ("microosmotic pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1") OR (micro ADJ2 osmotic ADJ2 pump<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ("lab on chip") OR ("lab on a chip") OR (lab ADJ2 on ADJ2 chip) OR (lab ADJ2 on ADJ2 a ADJ2 chip) OR ("lab micro chip") OR (lab ADJ2 micro ADJ2 chip) OR ("microsystem technology") OR ("microsystem technologies") OR (micro ADJ2 system ADJ2 tech<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (microneedle<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (micro ADJ2 needle<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|claims, title, or abstract<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|27,867<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Drug Delivery<br />
|(drug<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR pharmaceutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR pharma OR medicin<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR medicament<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR medicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR medicant<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (medical ADJ3 substance<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR therapeutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) NEAR10 (deliver<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR inject<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR perfus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR infus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR diffus<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR releas<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR administ<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR dispens<nowiki>*</nowiki>)<br />
|full spec<br />
|align = "right"|6,52,748<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sensor/Communication<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|wireless OR (wire ADJ2 less) OR telemetr<nowiki>*</nowiki>6 OR ((sens<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR sensor<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (radio ADJ2 frequenc<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) SAME (transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission OR communicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transfer<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 )) OR (rf ADJ2 (transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission)) OR ((communicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transfer<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission) SAME (signal<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR data OR information<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programmed OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programming OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>program?er OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>programmable OR automated OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timed OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timing OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>timer OR ((self OR auto) ADJ2 regulat<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR ((self OR auto) ADJ2 sustain<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR ((self OR auto) ADJ2 actuat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR ((control<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ADJ2 (system<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR device<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR unit)) SAME (remote<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR transmission OR transfer<nowiki>*</nowiki>3))<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|claims, title, or abstract<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|26,46,253<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Inventors<br />
|(aceti NEAR4 john NEAR4 gregory) OR (bachman NEAR4 mark) OR (bardell NEAR4 ronald NEAR4 louis) OR (bassuk NEAR4 william ) OR (birdwell NEAR4 vince ) OR (bui NEAR4 tuan) OR (cabus NEAR4 eugen) OR (cates NEAR4 adam ) OR (chau NEAR4 qui) OR (dipierro NEAR4 guy) OR (erickson NEAR4 john) OR (etheredge NEAR4 robert ) OR (fein NEAR4 seymour) OR (friden NEAR4 phillip ) OR (gates NEAR4 iii NEAR4 william ) OR (giampapa NEAR4 vincent ) OR (giannos NEAR4 steven ) OR (goldberg NEAR4 dennis ) OR (goode NEAR4 paul ) OR (gregory NEAR4 christopher NEAR4 carter) OR (hartwell NEAR4 peter) OR (herbst NEAR4 ewa) OR (herschkowitz NEAR4 samuel) OR (heruth NEAR4 kenneth ) OR (holmes NEAR4 elizabeth ) OR (howard NEAR4 john) OR (huang NEAR4 joseph) OR (hughes NEAR4 ralph ) OR (hyde NEAR4 roderick ) OR (jacobsen NEAR4 stephen ) OR (jacobson NEAR4 james ) OR (jandrisits NEAR4 alice) OR (kane NEAR4 david) OR (kowalik NEAR4 francis ) OR (lal NEAR4 biren) OR (larson NEAR4 lary ) OR (lee NEAR4 abraham NEAR4 phillip) OR (li NEAR4 guann NEAR4 pyng) OR (martin NEAR4 francis) OR (mattes NEAR4 michael ) OR (mazar NEAR4 scott ) OR (mcbride NEAR4 sterling NEAR4 eduard) OR (moroney NEAR4 iii NEAR4 richard NEAR4 morgan) OR (naamat NEAR4 judy ) OR (nason NEAR4 clyde ) OR (nickel NEAR4 janice) OR (nielsen NEAR4 ole NEAR4 christian) OR (ozeri NEAR4 jehonatan) OR (ozeri NEAR4 shaul) OR (petersen NEAR4 john ) OR (preuthun NEAR4 jan NEAR4 harald) OR (radmer NEAR4 jim) OR (rebec NEAR4 mihailo ) OR (roy NEAR4 shaunak) OR (rush NEAR4 benjamin) OR (ryser NEAR4 peter) OR (schwichtenberg NEAR4 jay NEAR4 gordon) OR (solomon NEAR4 neal) OR (straessler NEAR4 sigrid) OR (stutz NEAR4 jr. NEAR4 william ) OR (tegreene NEAR4 clarence ) OR (thompson NEAR4 david ) OR (trovato NEAR4 karen ) OR (varrichio NEAR4 anthony) OR (walczak NEAR4 robbie ) OR (wang NEAR4 chengwang) OR (wang NEAR4 tzu-yu) OR (wei NEAR4 chiming) OR (williamson NEAR4 mark) OR (wood NEAR4 jr. NEAR4 lowell ) OR (yap NEAR4 darren ) OR (zanzucchi NEAR4 peter NEAR4 john) OR (zentner NEAR4 gaylen ) OR (zhang NEAR4 sean)<br />
|full spec<br />
|align = "right"|11,320<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Final Query<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1 AND 2 AND 3 AND 4<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|142 (<font color="#333333">'''54''' unique)</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Japanese Patent Search===<br />
Database: '''PAJ'''<br><br />
Timeline: '''01/01/1991 - 01/01/2011'''<br />
*F-Term<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Theme'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''F-term'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''F-term Definition'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1" rowspan = "5"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1" rowspan = "5"|3C081 - Micro-structural systems ; Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|EA29<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biochips<br />
|-<br />
|EA31<br />
|Fluid apparatus<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|EA32<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Micropumps<br />
|-<br />
|EA33<br />
|Micro valves<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|EA39<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Medical instruments<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
*Search Query<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Issue/Publication Date'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''F-Term Theme'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''FI/F-term/Facet'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Hits'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|01/01/1991 - 01/01/2011<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3C081<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>[</nowiki>EA32<nowiki>+</nowiki>EA29<nowiki>+</nowiki>EA31<nowiki>+</nowiki>EA33<nowiki>]*</nowiki>EA39<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''22'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Article Search===<br />
Database : '''Google Scholar'''<br><br />
Timeline: '''01/01/1991 - 01/01/2011'''<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Search Query'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Hits'''</font><br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|MEMS <nowiki>+</nowiki> NEMS<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|(micro-electro-mechanical OR mems OR micropump<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR nanopump<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR nems OR nano-electro-mechanical OR microneedle<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR lab on chip)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>26,100</nowiki><br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Drug Delivery<br />
|((drug<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR pharmaceutic<nowiki>*</nowiki>) AND (delivery OR administ<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR infus<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR dispens<nowiki>*</nowiki>))<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>8,96,000</nowiki><br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sensor/Communication<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|(wireless OR (radio frequency) OR telemetry OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>program<nowiki>*</nowiki>)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<nowiki>9,86,000</nowiki><br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|1 AND 2 AND 3<br />
|align = "center"|997<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=='''Taxonomy'''==<br />
<mm>[[Smart Drug Delivery Systems.mm]]</mm><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Sample Patent Analysis==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width ="38" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent/Publication No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width ="105"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date'''<br>(mm/dd/yyyy)</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Assignee / Applicant'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Dolcera Summary'''</font><br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Problem'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Solution'''<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6723086.PN.&OS=PN/6723086&RS=PN/6723086 US6723086]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|04/20/04<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Logiq Wireless Solutions<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Remote controlled trans-dermal medication delivery device<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Ambulatory individuals requiring long term medication need to take medications at inconvenient times, in awkward locations, or have to stay at home to follow their medication regime; Oral administration leads to side effects with blood medication levels sometimes rising to toxic levels or falling to subtherapeutic levels<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Transdermal medication delivery provides constant and continuous absorption of the drug while allowing the patient to remain ambulatory while receiving the medication; transdermal drug delivery eliminate factors such as pH changes and food intake that influence gastrointestinal absorption; transdermal medication delivery device allows the vital signs of a patient to be monitored from a remote location.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090306633%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090306633&RS=DN/20090306633 US20090306633]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|10/12/09<br />
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics<br />
|Electronically controlled capsule<br />
|When taking medications in the form of capsules, a log has to be maintained regarding what capsules has to be administered and at what intervals of time; Time-release capsules do not follow an exact dispensing or dissolving pattern while traveling through the alimentary tract<br />
|Electronically controlled capsule for delivering or dispensing a medicament according to a preset dispensing timing pattern while traversing through the gastrointestinal tract; Electronically controlled capsule allows a person to take all capsules substantially simultaneously, so that no more capsules are required for the day;<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080161779%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080161779&RS=DN/20080161779 US20080161779]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|03/07/08<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|None<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Implantable nano pump for drug delivery<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Detecting, evaluating, and treating people with hypertension wherein the drug treatment has its mix of favorable and unfavorable effects, costs and sometimes the treatment is inadequate.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|A real-time, self-actuated nano-pumps that respond to different blood pressure, blood lipid or blood glucose levels by having membranes of varying thickness, thus enabling multi-level blood pressure drug release.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080152592%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080152592&RS=DN/20080152592 US20080152592]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|06/26/08<br />
|Bayer Healthcare<br />
|Method of therapeutic drug monitoring<br />
|Therapeutic drug monitoring requires repeated drug monitoring through testing of a blood sample for the drug of interest. This can be unpleasant and very painful for individuals, especially if there is extensive sampling of the blood.<br />
|A diffusion-based, continuous-monitoring system is used to monitor the effectiveness of delivering a therapeutic drug. The levels of the therapeutic drug, the metabolite of the therapeutic drug or the substance that is affected by the therapeutic drug is analyzed so as to determine the effectiveness of delivering the therapeutic drug.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6562000.PN.&OS=PN/6562000&RS=PN/6562000 US6562000]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|05/13/03<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Medtronic<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Single-use therapeutic substance delivery device with infusion rate control<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Single-use devices are typically configured with a preset infusion rate and hence there is a need for variable infusion rate controlled drug delivery device.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The single-use therapeutic substance delivery device is provided with infusion rate control, is versatile, small, and inexpensive<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7780981.PN.&OS=PN/7780981&RS=PN/7780981 US7780981]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|08/24/10<br />
|Chrono Therapeutics<br />
|Biosynchronous transdermal drug delivery<br />
|Failure to comply with a dosing regimen - rigid dosing schedule, forgetfulness or denial of a medical condition; There is a need for a non-invasive, reliable means of delivering drugs compounds in precisely timed and measured doses-without causing any patient inconvenience<br />
|An automated and pre-programmable transdermal drug administration system that can synchronize and tailor drug administration to the human body<nowiki>’</nowiki>s circadian rhythms to deliver varying dosages at varying times. This minimizes negative side effects, and increases efficacy of the dosing regimen.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7291497.PN.&OS=PN/7291497&RS=PN/7291497 US7291497]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|06/11/07<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Theranos<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Medical device for analyte monitoring and drug delivery<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Need for point of care devices that can detect biological macromolecular activity or drug concentration levels and accordingly administer a specific therapeutic agent at a localized site, within the body, in response to changes in biological macromolecular activity or drug concentration levels.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Medical device with a biometric recognition device capable of obtaining and comparing physical parameter data of an interaction between the disease marker biological analyte with the bio-active agent and a therapeutic agent releasing device that controls the release of the therapeutic agent from the reservoirs.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7236821.PN.&OS=PN/7236821&RS=PN/7236821 US7236821]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|06/26/07<br />
|Cardiac Pacemakers<br />
|Chronically-implanted device for sensing and therapy<br />
|Conventional cardiac stimulus devices do not monitor the mechanical performance of the heart; Leads used in conjunction with implanted pacemakers and defibrillators are implanted in a relatively few preselected sites in the heart which are not necessarily the optimal sites; The implanted leads occupy a relatively large volume in the blood vessels through which they are passed and sometimes have to be steered along circuitous routes;<br />
|A chronically-implanted device that is capable of providing sensing functions such as mechanical, electrical and chemical sensing functions as well as drug-eluting therapy functions. The device is capable of being implanted in a large number of desirable locations using less invasive procedures.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7052251.PN.&OS=PN/7052251&RS=PN/7052251 US7052251]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|05/30/06<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Medtronic Minimed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Shape memory alloy wire driven positive displacement micropump with pulsatile output<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Need for a more inconspicuous and less cumbersome infusion devices that are inexpensive, reusable and disposable<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Miniature fluid pump that is driven by a shape memory alloy wire to produce a pulsatile output and are constructed almost entirely from plastic components at an extremely low cost. The device require very little power to operate and are especially useful for long term pump applications. The device include a multi-day disposable device that employs a collapsible drug fluid reservoir bag and a reusable electronics module to control fluid delivery.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100069888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100069888&RS=DN/20100069888 US20100069888]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|03/18/10<br />
|None<br />
|Intelligent medical device system for personalized medicine applications<br />
|The implantable medical devices are not "intelligent"but they are simple deterministic systems; They are also single function devices focused on a specific narrow medical problem and do not combine diagnostic and therapeutic functionality; The devices are not useful in personalized medicine, which require complex analysis and targeting of individual therapies to unique problem sets.<br />
|The iMD system diagnoses neurological, cardiovascular, immune, endocrine and cancer pathologies and develops and applies solution options in real time to each of these subsystems or to all of them simultaneously. The system uses a combination of diagnostic and therapeutic modules in multiple iMDs in a network to identify and apply remedies to pathologies. The iMD system uses a variety of therapeutic modalities, including gene, RNAi and protein therapies, to solve complex medical problems.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
*Analyzed Patents<br />
[[Media:Sample patent analysis.xls|'''Please click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet''']]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Patent Ranking==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent/Publication Number'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="140"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Node wise Rating'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent Granted/Publication Rating'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Forward Citation Count Rating'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Over All Rating'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Over All Ranking'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7236821.PN.&OS=PN/7236821&RS=PN/7236821 US7236821]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Abstract: 3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Granted: 2<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|106<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|125<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''1'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6562000.PN.&OS=PN/6562000&RS=PN/6562000 US6562000]</u></font><br />
|Dependent Claim: 4<br />
|Granted: 2<br />
|align = "center"|34<br />
|align = "center"|58<br />
|align = "center"|'''2'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080161779%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080161779&RS=DN/20080161779 US20080161779]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Independent Claim: 5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Publication: 1<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|27<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''3'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090306633%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090306633&RS=DN/20090306633 US20090306633]</u></font><br />
|Dependent Claim: 4<br />
|Publication: 1<br />
|align = "center"|0<br />
|align = "center"|22<br />
|align = "center"|'''4'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100069888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100069888&RS=DN/20100069888 US20100069888]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Full Specification: 4<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Publication: 1<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''5'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
The patents have been ranked considering the following parameters, prioritized in the given order: <br />
*Taxonomy node<br />
*Granted patent/ Patent publication<br />
*Citation count<br />
<br />
<br />
Further ranking within the parameters is as given below:<br />
*'''Taxonomy node'''<br />
Independent claim – rank 5<br><br />
Dependent claim – rank 4<br><br />
Abstract – rank 3<br><br />
Title – rank 2<br><br />
Full specification – rank 1<br><br />
Background – rank 0<br><br />
<br />
<br />
*'''Granted/Publication'''<br />
Granted patent – rank 2<br><br />
Patent publication – rank 1<br><br />
<br />
<br />
*'''Citation Count'''<br />
All citations - rank 1<br />
<br />
<br />
The weightage assigned for the parameters are:<br><br />
Taxonomy node multiplied by a factor of 5<br><br />
Granted Patent/Patent Publication multiplied by a factor of 2<br><br />
Citation count multiplied by a factor of 1<br><br />
<br />
The overall rating is calculated as shown below considering US7236821 as an example:<br><br />
Taxonomy node: Abstract – ranking is 3<br><br />
Granted Patent – ranking is 2<br><br />
Forward citation count – ranking is 1<br><br />
<br />
Overall rating = (Taxonomy node * weightage 5) + (Granted Patent/Patent Publication * weightage 2) + (Citation count * weightage 1)<br><br />
=(3*5) + (2*2) + (106*1)<br><br />
=15 + 4 + 106<br><br />
=125<br><br />
<br />
The patents are sorted according to the hightest rating values and ranked accordingly.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Sample Article Analysis==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width ="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Journals'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Dolcera Summary'''</font><br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16715375 Application of micro- and nano-electromechanical devices to drug delivery]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pharm Res.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Drug delivery device containing micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), small-scale biosensor and drug reservoir units that can be combined, implanted and controlled through wireless integrated system to regulate drug release, receive sensor feedback, and transmit updates.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1662187 Miniaturised Drug Delivery System with Wireless Power Transfer and Communication]</u></font><br />
|MEMS Sensors and Actuators<br />
|A drug delivery system for opthalmic application comprises of a MEMS device, control circuitry and a wireless system for power and communication. The device is aimed at being permanently implanted for delivery of daily doses of drug for upto a year.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=4747721 BioMEMS devices for drug delivery]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Drug administration through MEMS based drug delivery devices which can be used for producing controlled delivery of drugs.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T7W-4X3N41V- A novel remote controlled capsule for site-specific drug delivery in human GI tract]</u></font><br />
|International Journal of Pharmaceutics<br />
|Delivering site specific drugs through remote controlled capsule that employs micro-electronic mechanical system (MEMS) technology. When the micro-thruster is ignited by a radio frequency (RF) signal, the thrust force generated by the propellants pushes the piston forward and leads to a rapid and complete expulsion of therapeutic agents from the capsule.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://dspace.uta.edu/handle/10106/21 Implantable Drug Delivery System With In-plane Micropump]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Theses and Dissertations, University of Texas<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Design for an implantable drug delivery system using MEMS micropump for forming a compact, inexpensive system. The force generated by the MEMS actuator and the displacement of the tip is determined with the help of FEM simulations using ANSYS.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18483865 Design of an implantable active microport system for patient specific drug release]</u></font><br />
|Biomed Microdevices<br />
|An implantable active microport with a high-resolution volumetric dosing unit and a drug reservoir that can be programmed for time-modulated drug release.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=4431853 Swallowable-Capsule Technology]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pervasive Computing<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|A brief review on the swallowable capsules for GI tract diagnostics and therapeutic applications, history of the technology, present state of the art and ongoing research.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=4484380 Design of site specific delivery capsule based on MEMS]</u></font><br />
|Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems<br />
|Non-invasive drug delivery to selected sites by means of delivery capsules based on MEMS technology wherein the drug release is actuated by a micro-heater array, an elastomeric bellows and a piston. A magnetic marker monitoring (MMM) system is used to monitor the location of the capsule.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mdpi.org/sensors/papers/s8096077.pdf BioMEMS –Advancing the Frontiers of Medicine]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sensors<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|An overview of the applications and the opportunities of MEMS and microneedles in medicine.<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wnan.93/abstract Microchips and controlled-release drug reservoirs]</u></font><br />
|Microchips and controlled-release drug reservoirs<br />
|Developments and future trends of implantable, microchip containing drug delivery devices constructed in a variety of ways using micro and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS or NEMS) based technology. These devices allow localized delivery of drugs, programmable dosing cycles, automated delivery of multiple drugs, and dosing in response to physiological and diagnostic feedback.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
*Analyzed Articles<br />
[[Media:Sample analysis of articles.xls|'''Please click here to download the sample article analysis sheet''']]<br />
<br />
<br />
==Product Analysis==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Product Name'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Microneedle'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Microchip'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Micropump/ nonopump'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Material'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Flow rate'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Stroke volume'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Other information'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Communication'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Sensor'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Application'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Focus'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''510K/FDA'''</font><br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://professional.medtronic.com/products/synchromed-II-pain/index.htm#tab1 SynchroMed II Drug Pump]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Medtronic<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Titanium<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.048 mL/day<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Flow sensor<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cancer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Treatment<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/30749175/Jewel-Pump Jewel Pump]</u></font><br />
|Debiotech<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|MEMS chip<br />
|Nanopump-piezoelectric<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|Bluetooth<br />
|Flow sensor<br />
|Diabetes<br />
|Treatment<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.debiotech.com/ Nanopump™]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Debiotech<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|MEMS chip<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nanopump-piezoelectric<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Silicon wafer<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Flow sensor<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Device<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.debiotech.com/ MIP]</u></font><br />
|Debiotech<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|Piezoelectric<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
| 0 to 100 µl/h<br />
| 150 nl<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|Flow sensor<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|Treatment<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.debiotech.com/ Nanoject]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Debiotech<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Microneedle<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|300 and 1<nowiki>’</nowiki>000 microns<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vaccination, Dermal disorder<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Device<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.debiotech.com/ DebioSTAR]</u></font><br />
|Debiotech<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|Nanopores<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|up to 250 nanometres<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|Muscle, Dermal disorder<br />
|Treatment<br />
|align = "center"|_<br />
|--valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nanopass.com/content-d.asp?tcid=19&cid=24 MicronJet needle]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NanoPass<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Microneedle<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|_<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|K092746<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Media:product mapping11.xls|'''Click here to download the detailed product analysis sheet''']]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Dolcera Dashboard ==<br />
[[Image:dashboard_features.png|center|750px|]]<br />
<br />
'''Dashboard Link'''<br><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|'''[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=915 Smart Drug Delivery Systems - Dashboard] '''<br />
|width="100"|[[Image:dashboard_thumb.png|center|100px|]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
*Flash Player is essential to view the Dolcera dashboard<br />
<br />
==Key Findings==<br />
===Major Players===<br />
*[http://www.medtronic.com/ Medtronic] and [http://www.baxter.com/ Baxter] are the major players in the field of smart drug delivery system. <br />
[[Image:Smart_Major_Players.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Major Players''']]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Key Patents===<br />
*Key patents in the field are held by [http://www.bostonscientific.com/home.bsci Cardiac Pacemakers], [http://www.sarnoff.com/ Sarnoff], [http://www.novonordisk.com/ Novo Nordisk] and [http://theranos.com/ Theranos].<br />
[[Image:Smart_Top_Cited_Patents.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Key Patents''']]<br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Year wise IP activity based on publication years'''===<br />
[[Image:IP _Activity_Pub_Year.png|center|thumb|600px|'''IP activity based on publication years''']]<br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Year wise IP activity based on priority years'''===<br />
[[Image:IP_Activity_Priority Yr.png|center|thumb|600px|'''IP activity based on priority years''']]<br />
<br />
<br />
==='''Patent Distribution'''===<br />
[[Image:Geographical Distribution_patents.png|center|thumb|600px|'''Patent Distribution''']]<br />
<br />
* Our product search indicates that there are six smart drug delivery devices based on MEMS/NEMS while only three smart drug delivery devices are based on microneedles. <br />
* Out of the six smart drug delivery devices based on MEMS/NEMS, two devices -- [http://professional.medtronic.com/products/isomed-constant-flow-infusion-system/index.htm IsoMed Drug Pump] and [http://professional.medtronic.com/products/synchromed-II-pain/index.htm#tab1 SynchroMed II Drug Pump] -- from [http://www.medtronic.com/ Medtronic] have already been launched into the market. Furthermore, two out of the six [http://www.scribd.com/doc/30749175/Jewel-Pump Jewel Pump] from [http://www.debiotech.com/ Debiotech], and [http://www.mchips.com/products.html MicroCHIPS' delivery device] are in clinical trial stage. These two devices are expected to be launched around the end of the year 2014 in the US.<br />
<br />
==Market Analysis==<br />
'''MEMS'''<br />
*MEMS is expected to grow from $8 billion in sales in 2010 to $16.4 billion by 2015, according to Yole Développement, a market research firm based in Lyon, France. The forecast reflects a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 15 percent.<br />
<br />
*iSuppli Corp., a market research firm based in El Segundo, Calif., forecasts MEMS device sales to climb from more than $6 billion in 2010 to about $10 billion in 2014, representing a CAGR of 11.6 percent. And it’s possible that growth rate could continue through 2020, bringing the MEMS market to more than $20 billion.[http://www.micromanufacturing.com/showthread.php?t=981 Source]<br />
<br />
*One difference in the two forecasts is emerging MEMS markets in borderline device like electronic-compasses, which Yole counts but iSuppli does not include. Also, iSuppli only counts microfluidic devices cast on silicon substrates, whereas Yole includes microfluidics on polymer and glass substrates. [http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4210412/Analysts-split-on-MEMS-growth-rate-forcasts Source]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:MEMS Revenue.png|center|600px|]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Drug Delivery'''<br />
*The estimate for advanced drug delivery systems for 2014 is $196.4 billion, for a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.2% in the 5-year period.<br />
*The largest segment of the market is targeted drug delivery, which is expected to increase to $80.2 billion in 2014, for a CAGR of 9.5%.<br />
*Sustained-release products have the second-largest market share, with estimated sales of $45.8 billion in 2014, for a CAGR of 4.9%. [http://www.bccresearch.com/report/PHM006G.html Source]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:MEMS Drug Delivery.png|center|600px|]]<br />
<br />
<br />
*Major changes such as an aging population and growing obesity issues in many countries (leading for example to diabetes or other disorders) are impacting the medical MEMS market. These and other factors are among the motivations for making treatments less invasive or for monitoring the movements of the elderly. MEMS used in insulin pumps increase the efficacy and comfort of insulin drug delivery, for instance, while accelerometers monitor elderly people, tirelessly watching their movements, their position or presence in a bed, if they fall, and so on.<br />
<br />
*Pressure sensors monitor gases during surgical operations or the treatment of sleep apnea. Accelerometers and gyroscopes assist surgeons by removing shake during precise operations. Emerging applications include implantable wireless pressure sensors, which are showing great promise in monitoring tell tale pressure buildup following heart surgery and are used for post-op monitoring of aneurisms. As a result markets for medical diagnostics and drug delivery devices enjoy 34% and 32% CAGR respectively from 2009 to 2014. [http://www.electroiq.com/index/display/nanotech-article-display/9401887432/articles/small-times/nanotechmems/mems/mems-applications/2010/12/quiet-revolution_.html Source]<br />
<br />
*The global market for MEMS used in medical applications is forecasted to reach $430 million by 2014, up from $229 million in 2009, equating to a CAGR of 13 percent, as shown in the figure.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:MEMS_Medical Application.png|center|600px|]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[http://www.debiotech.com/ Nanojet Microneedle]<br />
*[http://www.diabetesmine.com/2010/06/ada-device-report-new-jewel-pump-is-best-in-show.html Jewel Pump]<br />
*[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Smart_Drug_Delivery_Systems#Control_Patents Control Patents]<br />
*[http://professional.medtronic.com/products/isomed-constant-flow-infusion-system/index.htm IsoMed Drug Pump]<br />
*[http://professional.medtronic.com/products/synchromed-II-pain/index.htm#tab1 SynchroMed II Drug Pump]<br />
*[http://www.medtronic.com/ Medtronic]<br />
*[http://www.debiotech.com/ Debiotech]<br />
*[http://www.mchips.com/products.html MicroCHIPS' delivery device]<br />
*[http://www.micromanufacturing.com/showthread.php?t=981 MEMS Market Analysis]<br />
*[http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4210412/Analysts-split-on-MEMS-growth-rate-forcasts MEMS Market Analysis]<br />
*[http://www.bccresearch.com/report/PHM006G.html Drug Delivery Market Analysis]<br />
*[http://www.electroiq.com/index/display/nanotech-article-display/9401887432/articles/small-times/nanotechmems/mems/mems-applications/2010/12/quiet-revolution_.html Drug Delivery Market Analysis]<br />
<br />
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----</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Ureteral_Stent&diff=11098Ureteral Stent2015-07-27T13:45:32Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dolcera Dashboard */</p>
<hr />
<div>'''This is a landscape report on the Ureteral stent market, including key company profiles, products, patents and relevant clinical trials.<br />
''' <br />
<br />
*'''''What is it?''''' A ureteral stent is a specially designed hollow tube, made of a flexible plastic material that is placed in the ureter.<br />
<br />
*'''''Need for a ureteral stent:''''' In patients who have, or might have, an obstruction (blockage) of the kidney, an internal drainage tube called a ‘stent’ is commonly placed in the ureter, the tube between the kidney and the bladder. This is placed there in order to prevent or temporarily relieve the obstruction.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
[[Image:Ureteral_Stent.png|thumb|200px|<center>[http://www.pnnmedical.com/urology/professionals/products/memokath%E2%84%A2-051-ureter.aspx '''Ureteric Stent''']</center>]]<br />
<br />
Ureteral stents are used in urological surgery to maintain patency of the ureter to allow urine drainage from the renal pelvis to the bladder. These devices can be placed by a number of different endourological techniques. They are typically inserted through a cystoscope and may also be inserted intraoperatively. Indwelling ureteral stents help to reduce complications and morbidity subsequent to urological and surgical procedures. Frequently, ureteral stents are used <br />
to facilitate drainage in conjunction with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and after endoscopic procedures. They are also used to internally support anastomoses and prevent urine leakage after surgery. Ureteral stenting may almost eliminate the urological complications of renal transplantation.<br />
An antimicrobial ureteral stent, which inhibits encrustation and bacterial colonization while maintaining patient comfort.<br />
* Ureteral stent: resists migration, resists fragmentation, is kink resistant and radiopaque.<br />
* Bacterial colonization: antimicrobial activity for up to two weeks.<br />
* Patient Comfort: stent has a low coefficient of friction (value) for ease of insertion and will soften on implant at body temperature to maintain patient comfort.<br />
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'''[[more on background...]]'''<br />
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=Market Overview=<br />
<br />
Market for ureteral stent can be analyzed by estimating market for each of Ureteral Stent’s fundamental use. Other uses of Ureteral Stent include Post-surgical swelling/infection of uterus, Active kidney infection etc.<br />
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'''[[more on market overview...]]'''<br />
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{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
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|<mm>[[Ureteral_Stent_Patent_Categorization.mm|flash|Patent Categorization|600pt]]</mm><br />
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|}<br />
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=Patents=<br />
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<br />
==Patent Search Strategy==<br />
[[Image:Patent Search Strategy.jpg|700px]]<br />
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= Clinical Trials =<br />
<br />
==New trials ==<br />
<br />
{|border "1" style="border-spacing:0;"<br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No. '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Conditions '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Intervention: Device'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Sponsors and Collaborators '''</font></center><br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00250406?term=ureteral+stent&rank=1 Assessment of Drug-Eluting Ureteral Stent on Bacterial Adherence and Biofilm Formation]<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Renal Calculi, Ureteral Obstruction<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Ureteral Stent<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Lawson Health Research Institute, Boston Scientific Corporation <br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00270504?term=urethral+stent&rank=1 Memokath® 044TW Stent for Treatment of Urethral Stricture]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Urethral Stricture<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Memokath stenting<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Engineers & Doctors Wallsten Medical Group <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00581178?term=urologic+stent&rank=3 Study to Determine if There Are Specific Clinical Factors to Determine Stent Encrustation]<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Kidney Stones<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| N\A<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| University of California, Irvine <br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00288457?term=urologic+stent&rank=14 Ureteral Stent Length and Patient Symptoms]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Kidney Stones<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Ureteral Stent<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Emory University <br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>5</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00166361?term=urologic+stent&rank=1 Drainage of Malignant Extrinsic Ureteral Obstruction Using the Memokath Ureteral Stent]<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Ureteral Obstruction<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Memokath 051 Ureteral Stent<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Mayo Clinic Engineers & Doctors Wallsten Medical Group <br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00739284?term=urologic+stent&rank=15 A Prospective Comparison Between Ureteral Stent and Nephrostomy Tube for an Urgent Drainage of Obstructed Kidney (JJVsPCN08)]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Kidney Disease<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Nephrostomy tube and ureteral stent<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Rabin Medical Center <br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Concluded trials ==<br />
{| {{table}}<br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No. '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Abstract'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Enrollment'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Disorder'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Conclusion'''</font></center><br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|<center>1</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Long-term outcome of permanent urethral stents in the treatment of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia || style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|To evaluate the long-term efficacy of a permanently implanted urethral stent in the treatment of spinally injured patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|13|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Stenting is an effective alternative to sphincterotomy in the long-term, although secondary bladder neck obstruction is a frequent problem.<br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
| Nephrostomy Tube or 'JJ' Ureteric Stent in Ureteric Obstruction: Assessment of Patient Perspectives Using Quality-of-Life Survey and Utility Analysis||Upper urinary tract obstruction is often relieved by either a percutaneous nephrostomy tube (PCN) or a ureteric stent. Both can cause considerable morbidity and reduce patient's health-related quality of life (QoL). We have compared the QoL in these 2 groups.||34||Upper urinary tract obstruction||Patients with 'JJ' stents have significantly more irritative urinary symptoms and a high chance of local discomfort than patients with nephrostomy tubes (PCN). However, based on the EuroQol analysis, there is no significant difference in the gross impact on the health-related QoL or the utility between these groups indicating no patient preference for either modality of treatment.<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Impact of stents on urological complications and health care expenditure in renal transplant recipients: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial.|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|A randomized, prospective trial to compare the incidence of early urological complications and health care expenditures in renal transplant recipients with or without ureteral stenting.|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|201|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Renal transplant recipient|| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"|Using a ureteral stent at renal transplantation significantly decreases the early urinary complications of urine leakage and obstruction. However, there is a significant increase in urinary tract infections, primarily beyond 30 days after transplantation. Stent removal within 4 weeks of insertion appears advisable.<br />
|}<br />
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<br />
==Pre-Market Notification==<br />
<br />
Some of the companies active in the field of ureteral stents have been represented in the table below. <br />
<br />
{| border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No. '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"|<center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Device '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Approval '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Approval '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Material '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Technology '''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4f81bd;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Indwelling Time (days) '''</font></center><br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/categoryTwo.aspx?bUnitID=3&catOneID=71 Bard Urological]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[[Image:InLay_Optima.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>InLay Optima</center>|[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3∏ID=225 <center>InLay Optima</center>]]]<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=16869 FDA 510(k)]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Dec 2004</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Silicone<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Double pigtail with monofilament suture loop<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>365</center><br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.bostonscientific.com/Device.bsci/,,/method/DevHome/navRelId/1000.1003/seo.serve Boston Scientific]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| [[Image:Polaris_Loop.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://www.bostonscientific.com/urology-stone/product.html?method=product_detail∏uct_id=10122561#initialLoad1() <center>Polaris Loop</center>]]]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=10929 FDA 510(k)]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Mar 2003</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Dual Durometer Percuflex with HydroPlus Coating<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| Bladder loop design<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>365</center><br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/familyListingAction.do?family=Ureteral+Stents Cook Medical]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [[Image:Resonance.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=4418 <center>Resonance</center>]]]<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=23620 FDA 510(k)]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>May 2007</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Metal<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Temporary stenting<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>365</center><br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| <center>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm Fossa Medical]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| [[Image:Stone_Sweeper.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://dolcera.com/upload/files/stonesweeper_fossa_trial.pdf <center>Stone Sweeper</center>]]]<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm FDA 510(k)]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Aug 2002</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| Polyurethane<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| Spiral radially expanding stent<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;" rowspan="2"| <center>13</center><br />
|-<br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm CE Mark]</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Sep 2005</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.pnnmedical.com/urology/professionals/products/memokath™-051-ureter.aspx Pnn Medical A/S]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| [[Image:Memokath_051.png|thumb|center|100px|[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CC4QFjAD&url=http://www.hammer.pl/pliki/147_2.pdf&rct=j&q=memokath%20051&ei=MfhATezNIoaqvQP-_ZGtAw&usg=AFQjCNFR-ZFsu33rk6B9Flq1tCsYBZyXMw&cad=rja <center>Memokath 051</center>]]]<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.pnnmedical.com/about-pnn-medical/company-history.aspx CE Mark]</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1995</center><br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| Double fluted ended spiral stent<br />
| style="background-color:#dce6f1;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>240</center><br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Products=<br />
<br />
The FDA classifies a ureteric stent as follows: <br />
* TITLE 21 - FOOD AND DRUGS<br />
* CHAPTER I - FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES<br />
* SUBCHAPTER H - MEDICAL DEVICES<br />
* PART 876 - GASTROENTEROLOGY-UROLOGY DEVICES<br />
* Subpart E - Surgical Devices<br />
* Sec. 876.4620 - Ureteral stent. <br />
* Classification - class II device [http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/SCRIPTS/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFR.cfm?fr=876.4620&Term=ureter%20stent Code of Federal Regulations]<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Company'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Device(s)'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Approval'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Approval Date'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Material'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Technology'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Indwelling Time (days)'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Image'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.allium-medical.com/?categoryId=64772 Allium, Israel]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.allium-medical.com/?categoryId=64772 URS]<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-165990208.html CE Mark]</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jul, 2007<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy covered by polymer<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Self-expanding stent<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:656px-Allium.jpg|thumb|center|100px|<center>Allium</center>]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.pnnmedical.com/urology/professionals/products/memokath™-051-ureter.aspx Pnn Medical A/S]</font><br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CC4QFjAD&url=http://www.hammer.pl/pliki/147_2.pdf&rct=j&q=memokath%20051&ei=MfhATezNIoaqvQP-_ZGtAw&usg=AFQjCNFR-ZFsu33rk6B9Flq1tCsYBZyXMw&cad=rja Memokath 051]<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.pnnmedical.com/about-pnn-medical/company-history.aspx CE Mark]</font><br />
|align = "center"|1995<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Nickel-titanium shape memory alloy<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Double fluted ended spiral stent<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|240<br />
|rowspan = "2"|[[Image:Memokath_051.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Memokath 051</center>]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zapconnect.com/products/index.cfm/fuseaction/products_display_detail/eregnum/8021561/owner_operator_number/8021561/product_code/FAD/8021561.html FDA Listing]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Mar, 2004<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "5"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "5"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm Fossa Medical]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|[http://dolcera.com/upload/files/stonesweeper_fossa_trial.pdf Stone Sweeper]<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm CE Mark]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Sep, 2005<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Polyurethane<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Radially expanding stent<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|13<br />
|rowspan = "2" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Stone_Sweeper.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Stone Sweeper</center>]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Aug, 2002<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K033368 Open lumen stent]<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K033368 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nov, 2003<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Polyurethane<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"|Pigtail-tipped stent with <nowiki>’</nowiki>Pusher<nowiki>’</nowiki><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "2"| [[Image:Open_Lumen.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Open_lumen</center>]]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.fossamedical.com/news.htm CE Mark]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Sep, 2005<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K021140 Expanding Ureteral Stent]<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&ID=K021140 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jun, 2002<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Polyurethane<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double pigtail stent with <nowiki>’</nowiki>Pusher<nowiki>’</nowiki><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| N/A<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "7"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "7"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bostonscientific.com/Device.bsci/,,/method/DevHome/navRelId/1000.1003/seo.serve Boston Scientific]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>Contour</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Percuflex - proprietary polyolefin copolymer; Hydroplus coating<br />
|Fixed and variable length; Tapered tip<br />
|align = "center"|365<br />
|align = "center" |[[Image:Contour.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Contour</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>Percuflex</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|<br />
|align = "center"| Percuflex<br />
|Pigtail<br />
|align = "center"|365<br />
|align = "center" |[[Image:Percuflex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Percuflex</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>Polaris Ultra</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/PMNSimple.cfm?db=PMN&id=K010002 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Jan, 2001<br />
|Dual Durometer Percuflex with HydroPlus Coating; soft Nautilus Bladder Coil.<br />
|Double pigtail<br />
|align = "center"|365<br />
|align = "center" |[[Image:Polaris_Ultra.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Polaris Ultra</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>Polaris Loop</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=10929 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Mar, 2003<br />
|Dual Durometer Percuflex with HydroPlus Coating<br />
|Bladder loop design<br />
|align = "center"|365<br />
|align = "center" |[[Image:Polaris_Loop.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Polaris Loop</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CCkQFjAD&url=http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/Microsite/Stone-EU/collateral/stone-eu-percuflex-brochure-eng.pdf&rct=j&q=percuflex%20brochure&ei=bIE-Tb79HMnqrAf5-_HRCA&usg=AFQjCNEJ-JOc Retromax Plus]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Percuflex material and Hydroplus coating<br />
|Endopyelotomy stent<br />
|align = "center"|Post-procedure healing<br />
|align = "center" |[[Image:Retromax_plus.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Retromax Plus</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CCkQFjAD&url=http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/Microsite/Stone-EU/collateral/stone-eu-percuflex-brochure-eng.pdf&rct=j&q=percuflex%20brochure&ei=bIE-Tb79HMnqrAf5-_HRCA&usg=AFQjCNEJ-JOc Stretch VL Flexima]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Hydroplus Coating<br />
|Variable length coil on distal and proximal ends<br />
|align = "center"|90<br />
|align = "center" |[[Image:Stretch_VL_Flexima.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Stretch VL Flexima</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|[http://dolcera.com/upload/files/drug_eluting_ureteral_stent.pdf Drug-Eluting Stent]<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Percuflex - proprietary polyolefin copolymer<br />
|Ketorolac trimethamine loaded stent<br />
|align = "center"|<br />
|align = "center"| N/A<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/familyListingAction.do?family=Ureteral+Stents Cook Medical]</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=4418 Resonance]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=23620 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|May, 2007<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Metal<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|365<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Resonance.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Resonance</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=2055 Sof-flex]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|AQ® Hydrophilic Coating<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Radiopaque tip and tether for repositioning <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|180<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Sof_flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Sof-flex</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=3627 Endo-Sof]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|AQ® Hydrophilic Coating<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double pigtail<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|365<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Endo_Sof.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Endo-Sof</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=3643 C-Flex]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double Pigtail<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|180<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:C_Flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>C-Flex</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/dataSheet.do?id=4692 Smith Universal]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nephrostomy tube <nowiki>+</nowiki> Ureteral stent<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|60<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Smith_Universal.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Smith Universal</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/90717.php Endo-Sof Radiance]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/90717.php Launch]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Dec, 2007<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Heparin-bonded stent<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''6'''<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://qurological.com/product/ Q Urological]</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://qurological.com/product/ pAguaMedicina™ Pediatric Ureteral Stent]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=29056 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Jan, 2010<br />
|Hydrogel<br />
|Differentially larger end (no pigtail)<br />
|align = "center"|30<br />
|align = "center" |[[Image:pAguaMedicina.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>pAguaMedicina</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''7'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.bioteq.com.tw/en/products.php?kind=2&series=4 Bioteque Corp.]</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Ureteral Stent Set<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bioteq.com.tw/en/news_detail.php?id=1&query_string= FDA 510(k) ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Apr, 2010<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|30<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:bioteque.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Bioteque</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''8'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents Applied Medical Resources, CA, USA]</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=4353 Mesh]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=4353 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Jul, 2001<br />
|Polyester mesh<br />
|Double-pigtail<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| N/A<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents Silhouette ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Coil-reinforced; SL-6® hydrophilic coating<br />
|Patency Device<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center" |[[Image:silhouette.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Silhouette</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents Applied Standard]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=124645 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Jun, 1999<br />
|Proprietary thermoplastic elastomer material; SL-6® hydrophilic coating<br />
|Unique wall construction and enlarged drainage holes <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center" |[[Image:Applied_Std1.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Applied Standard</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.appliedmed.com/products/product_card.aspx?section=professionals&proceGroupID=4&groupName=Urology&catID=37&Name=Ureteral+stents 7-10 endopyelotomy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Proprietary thermoplastic elastomer material; SL-6® hydrophilic coating<br />
|Dual Diameter stent<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center" |[[Image:Applied_7_10.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Endopyelotomy Stent</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|'''9'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1" rowspan = "6"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/categoryTwo.aspx?bUnitID=3&catOneID=71 Bard Urological]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=225 InLay Optima]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=16869 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Dec, 2004<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double pigtail with monofilament suture loop<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|365<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:InLay_Optima.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>InLay Optima</center>]] <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=227 Bardex® Double Pigtail Soft Stent]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=8912 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jan, 2003<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Attached with suture for ease of removal<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Bardex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Bardex</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=228 Fluoro-4 Silicone Ureteral Stent]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone/tantalum<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Fluoro_4.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Fluoro 4</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=230 Figure-4 Silicone Ureteral Stent]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Three dimensional design<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Figure_4.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Figure 4</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=226 InLay Ureteral Stent]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=122796 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Dec, 1998<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Tapered tip and lubricious hydrophilic coating <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:InLay.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>InLay</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bardurological.com/products/loadProduct.aspx?bUnitID=3&prodID=229 Urinary Diversion Stent]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=86128 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Apr, 1991<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Silicone<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Urinary_Diversion_Stent.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Urinary Diversion Stent</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''10'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.coloplast.com/Pages/home.aspx Coloplast-Porges]</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=251 Vortek]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=121312 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Oct, 1998<br />
|Silicone<br />
|Double coating for easy maneuverability as well as flexibility<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Vortek.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Vortek</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=248 Biosoft]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=121312 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Oct, 1998<br />
|Silicone<br />
|Extreme flexibility<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Biosoft.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Biosoft</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=249 Polyurethane]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Hard or soft Polyurethane<br />
|Designed for short-term use<br />
|align = "center"| 90<br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Polyurethane1.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Polyurethane</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.porges.ru/catalog.html?cid=250 Silicone]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=6586 FDA 510k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Oct, 2002<br />
|Silicone<br />
|''Pyatiprofilnaya'' technology <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Silicone1.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Silicone</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''11'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.teleflex.com/en/emea/productAreas/urology/index.html Teleflex Medical]</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CCQQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myrusch.com%2Fimages%2Frusch%2Fdocs%2FU62C.pdf&rct=j&q=DD%2Bureteral%2Bstent&ei=CcY-TeDWHcrirAfyr4naCA&usg=AFQjCNHSSc9r_DBwotSa_oszWLYMPRuoYg&cad=rja Rüsch Superglide DD]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=122381 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Jul, 1999<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| WIRUTHAN® (polyurethane) with hydrogel coating<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| Directable and detachable<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Superglide_DD.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Superglide DD</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "9"|'''12'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "9"|<font color="#0000FF">[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=cat_menu&maincat=Stone%20Management&catid=122 Gyrus ACMI/Cabot/Acromed/Circon/Surgitek]</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9257&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Classic closed-tip]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=68160 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Dec, 1986<br />
| <br />
|Classic Closed Tip<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Gyrus_Closed_Tip.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Classic Closed Tip</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9252&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Classic Double pigtail]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=111987 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Mar, 1996<br />
|Tecoflex® construction<br />
|Balanced-curled double pigtail design<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Gyrus_Pigtail.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Double Pigtail</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9256&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Double-J]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=74392 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Apr, 1988<br />
|Silicone<br />
|Double-J closed-tip <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Gyrus_Double_J.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Double_J</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9254&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Lithostent]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Tecoflex® <br />
|Grooved design<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Lithostent.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Lithostent</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9253&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Lubri-flex]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=91169 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Nov, 1991<br />
|Tecoflex®<br />
|“Rememberance” of shape with a chemically bonded wettable solution <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Lubri_Flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Lubri-flex</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9250&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Multi-flex]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Tecoflex®<br />
|Two durometers with helical kidney curls<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Multi_Flex.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Multi-flex</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9255&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Quadra-Coil multi-length]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPMN/pmn.cfm?ID=107077 FDA 510(k)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Mar, 1996<br />
|Tecoflex®<br />
|Accomodate ureteral lengths from 22cm to 28cm<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Quadra_Coil.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Quadra-Coil</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9249&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Sof-curl]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Tecoflex®<br />
|Dual-durometer design and exclusive soft bladder helix <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Sof_curl.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Sof-curl</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gyrusacmi.com/user/display.cfm?display=product&pid=9258&catid=122&maincat=Stone%20Management&catname=Stents Uroguide]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|Silicone<br />
|Classic Double J with open tip<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|[[Image:Uroguide.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Uroguide</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|'''13'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.amecath.com/ Ameco Medical Industries]<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[http://www.amecath.com/ Amecath]<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Nitinol; Available with hydrophilic coating<br />
|bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Double loop stent<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|Short-term and long-term<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#dce6f1"|[[Image:Amecath.png|thumb|center|100px|<center>Amecath</center>]]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''14'''<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.zapconnect.com/companies/index.cfm/fuseaction/companies_detail/eregnum/9681442.html Angiomed-Movaco (C.R. Bard subsidiary)]<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/devicesatfda/index.cfm?db=pmn&id=K864225 Ureteral Stent Set]<br />
|align = "center"|[http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/devicesatfda/index.cfm?db=pmn&id=K864225 FDA 510(k)]<br />
|align = "center"|Jan, 1987<br />
|Nitinol<br />
|Self-expanding stent<br />
| <br />
|align = "center"|N/A<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Product to Clinical Trial Mapping=<br />
<br />
==Clinical Timeline Visualization ==<br />
[[Image:Timeline.jpg]]<br />
<br />
[[Media:Ureteral_Stents_Timeline dw.xls|Ureteral Stent Timeline]]<br />
<br />
= Product to Patent Mapping =<br />
<br />
[[Image:Product_Patent_Mapping_Screen_Shot.png|1000px|centre|thumb|'''Screenshot for the product to patent mapping(Bard and Boston)''']]<br />
* Click [[Media:Product_Patent_Mapping_Bard_Boston.xls|'''Products from Boston Scientific and C R Bard ''']]to download the excel file.<br />
== Mapped Patent vs Not Mapped Patents ==<br />
{|border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|[[Image:CRB_Pat.png|center|500px|thumb|'''C R Bard''']]<br />
|[[Image:BS_pat.png.png|center|500px|thumb|'''Boston Scientific''']]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Patent-Product-Clinical Trial Mapping=<br />
<br />
* To access the Dashboard you have to signup. You can do so by clicking [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php/login '''here''']<br />
*''Use the mouse(click and drag/scroll up or down/click on nodes) to explore nodes in the detailed taxonomy''<br />
*''Click on the red arrow adjacent to the node name to view the content for that particular node in the dashboard'' <br />
*''Click on the "+" sign to zoom the mindmap and "-" sign to shrink the mindmap''<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
<br />
|<mm>[[ureteral_stent_mapping1.mm|flash|Ureteral Stent mindmap|600pt]]</mm><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Insights=<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">''' '''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">''' '''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">'''Boston Scientific'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">'''C R BARD'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5" rowspan = "4"|'''Products'''<br />
|'''Portfolio'''<br />
|8 Products<br />
|6 Products<br />
|-<br />
|'''Material'''<br />
|Percuflex - Biocompatible Polymer<br />
|Silicone<br />
|-<br />
|'''Coating'''<br />
|Hydroplus<br />
|Licensed from pHreecoat<br />
|-<br />
|'''Shape'''<br />
|Pigtailed and More<br />
|Figure 4 and more<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5"|'''Clinical <br>Trials'''<br />
|'''Current Trials'''<br />
|Truimph Ureteral stent - Loaded with Triclosan <br>Currently in Phase II (Canada)<br />
|None<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#538ED5" rowspan = "3"|'''Patents'''<br />
|'''Coating'''<br />
|Therapeutic / Medicinal coatings <br>Magnetic nano particles for MRI Imaging <br>Lubricious coatings helping easy insertion<br />
|Therapeutic coatings<br />
|-<br />
|'''Structure'''<br />
|Multiple channels filled with therapeutic agent<br>Multiple collapsible segments preventing fluid passing<br>Renal coil with wick to prevent reflux <br>Stent with beads on its surface <br>Stent with reservoir indicating its release <br>with change in color of urine<br>Expandable and collapsible stent<br>Stents with degradable barbs<br />
|Expandable stents for reducing discomfort<br />
|-<br />
|'''Material'''<br />
|Elastically deformable stents<br>Biodegradable polymer based stents<br>Porous polymer for long term implantation<br>Stent with variable hardness<br />
|Biodegradable polymers<br>Shape memory alloys<br>General polymer based<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Inference ==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="82%"<br />
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">'''Boston Scientific'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#538ED5"|<font size = "4">'''C R BARD'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|Relatively late entrant with patents filed post mid 90s<br />
|Early mover with patents filed in mid 80s<br />
|-<br />
|Increased patent activity since 2000<br />
|Patent activity never gained traction<br />
|-<br />
|Large number of patents yet to be "productized"<br />
|Few patents yet to be "productized"<br />
|-<br />
|Some products undergoing clinical trails<br />
|No products undergoing clinical trails<br />
|-<br />
|Diverse range of products with variation in material <br>and structure<br />
|Small product portfolio<br />
|-<br />
|Seem to be strengthening they market position<br />
|Seem to be moving focus away from Ureteral stents market<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= Competitive Landscape =<br />
==Major Players==<br />
*Boston Scientific Limited, Abbott, Medtronic and Cook Inc. are the major players in ureteral stent research field. <br />
[[Image:Major playersnew.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Major Players]]<br />
<br />
==IP Activity==<br />
*Patenting activity has been high growth rate during the period 2001 to 2005 with a peak no. of patents in year 2005, followed by saturation during the period 2006 to 2008 and after that a gradual declination upto year 2010 in the ureteral stent research area.<br />
[[Image:IPactivity3.png|thumb|center|1000px| IP activity over the years]]<br />
<br />
==Sales ==<br />
<br />
Total Sales in 2010 - 4.04 Billion USD<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Company'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Total Sales in 2010'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Urological sales'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Percentage share'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Product portfolio'''<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Boston Scientific'''<br />
|7800<br />
|661<br />
|8.48<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/Microsite/Stone/collateral/Percuflex-Brochure.pdf Boston_portfolio]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''CR BARD'''<br />
|2700<br />
|702<br />
|26.00<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://dolcera.net/teamwiki_prod/index.php/BARD_portfolio BARD_portfolio]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Cook Medical'''<br />
|1700<br />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cookmedical.com/uro/familyListingAction.do?family=Ureteral+Stents Cook_portfolio]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4f81bd"|'''Medline'''<br />
|4040<br />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.medline.com/irj/catalog/search?initialSearchTerms=ureteral%20stent Medline_portfolio]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[image:stentshare.jpg |thumb|center|1000px| All figures in USD million ]]<br />
<br />
=<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>=<br />
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|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]<br />
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<br />
=[[Backup]]=</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pressure_sensitive_adhesives&diff=11097Pressure sensitive adhesives2015-07-27T13:43:13Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dashboard */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Dashboard==<br />
Dolcera dashboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard'''] for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives. <br />
<br />
[http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']<br />
<br />
[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
Pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA, self adhesive, self stick adhesive) is adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied to marry the adhesive with the adherend. No solvent, water, or heat is needed to activate the adhesive. It is used in pressure sensitive tapes, labels, note pads, automobile trim, and a wide variety of other products.<br />
<br />
As the name "pressure sensitive" indicates, the degree of bond is influenced by the amount of pressure which is used to apply the adhesive to the surface.<br />
<br />
Surface factors such as smoothness, surface energy, removal of contaminants, etc. are also important to proper bonding.<br />
<br />
PSAs are usually designed to form a bond and hold properly at room temperatures. PSAs typically reduce or lose their tack at cold temperatures and reduce their shear holding ability at high temperatures: Specialty adhesives are made to function at high or low temperatures. It is important to choose an adhesive formulation which is designed for its intended use conditions.<br />
<br />
===Surface Energy===<br />
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]<br />
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.<br />
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.<br />
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.<br />
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.<br />
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]<br />
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===<br />
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.<br />
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.<br />
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.<br />
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.<br />
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.<br />
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]<br />
<br />
===Adhesion===<br />
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]<br />
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials. <br />
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.<br />
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules. <br />
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]<br />
<br />
==Application of PSA==<br />
<br />
===Application in electronics and electrical industry===<br />
<br />
Electrical grade PSAs are critical components in the design many of today's electrical and electronic components in the electrical industry. The construction of this type of PSA is difficult since lower concentration of conductive filler must be used in order to prevent the drying out of polymer by the conductive filler, with attendant loss of tack. The conductivity of electrically conductive PSA in the direction of pressure action is to a certain extend depend on the direction of pressure applied [http://www.springerlink.com/content/j5448654801gg60q/ Florian, 2003] <br />
<br />
Electrical grade PSAs are designed and manufactured using materials using material that are physically and chemically stable in the presence of humidity and electrical stress. The acrylic high tack PSAs works very well in static and dynamic joints. The PSA agents are used in three forms i.e. modified aqueous dispersions or solutions in different solvents and as hot melts adhesives. PSA tapes find application in electronic assemblies [http://www.calce.umd.edu/articles/abstracts/2004/assemblies.htm Reliability of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tapes for Heat Sink Attachment in Air-Cooled Electronic Assemblies]<br />
<br />
[[Image: PSA tapes.jpg|thumb|center|800px|[http://www.biztrademarket.com/User/166116/bb/insulation_tape_eho.jpg PSA tapes]]]<br />
<br />
===Application in automobile industry===<br />
While mechanical fasteners will always be the choice when maximum torque and linear force are required in automobile industry, pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) can often provide a better method of joining or bonding than traditional screws, nuts, bolts, rivets and welds. <br />
<br />
The design, performance, and production reasons for replacing mechanical or fusion fastening methods with PSAs include, but are not limited to: <br />
<br />
# Distributing stress over the entire bonded area: The concentrated stress of mechanical fasteners can be eliminated and design engineers can specify lighter, thinner materials without sacrificing durability and product integrity. <br />
# Bonding dissimilar materials: The ability to bond two totally different substrates can yield a superior combination for product strength and performance. PSAs are an ideal counterbalance for varying factors of expansion between surfaces, such as laminating layers of metal. <br />
# Maintaining assembled substrate integrity: Less machining and finishing means more latitude for design engineers and improved aesthetics for greater consumer appeal. <br />
# Incorporating fatigue resistance: PSAs bring great flexibility, allowing for high extension and recovery under heavy loads. <br />
# Durability by design: PSAs fill voids and gaps and can bond loose-fitting parts.<br />
Increasing production efficiency: PSAs reduce material requirements, provide product weight reduction, require fewer assembly and finishing steps, and minimize training [http://www.flexcon.com/Resource-Center/~/media/Files/PDFs/Website/Resource%20Center/White%20Papers/design%20engineering%20aspects%20of%20pressure-sensitive%20adhesives.ashx FLEXcon white paper]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Medical applications===<br />
<br />
There are two essential requirements of medical PSAs, that they should stick firmly to a difficult substrate (skin) and that they should be easily and cleanly removed from that substrate when desired. These requirements would seem to be in conflict: a high peel force usually signals the ability to stick firmly, while a low force is needed when removing dressings by peeling.<br />
<br />
A number of ways have been considered to resolve this conflict. These may be divided into two broad categories: those that make the best of existing PSA technology, broadly taking a physical approach, and those that introduce novel chemistry into the process. Physical approaches consider such details as the dependence of peel force on peel angle, peel rate, backing materials, the deformation of the skin during peeling and use of barrier films and solvents. As an alternative to simply making the best of the physics of the peeling process, various workers have devised chemical systems for making the adhesive less strongly adhering at the time of removal. These systems usually consist of introducing a ‘switch’ mechanism into a strongly adhering adhesive so that its adherence may be reduced significantly at the time of removal by operation of the ‘switch’. Means of activating the ‘switch’ include: heat (warming or cooling), application of water via an absorbent backing and exposure to visible light. These may produce physical or chemical changes in the adhesive [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-43W00T1-3&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2001&_alid=1598193691&_rdoc=3&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=15397&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=17b33208ec83c0db321e3d3882e5ffe3&searchtype=a Chivers, 2001]<br />
<br />
===PSAs drive transdermal delivery===<br />
Transdermal or through-the-skin delivery of drugs has assumed an important place in drug therapy, eliminating many of the shortcomings of syringes and pills. [http://www.adhesivesresearch.com/Pharmaceutical_ARx_LLC/Pharmaceutical/Component_Applications_And_Technologies/ActiveTransdermalDeliverySystems.aspx Active Transdermal Delivery Systems] The three most commonly used adhesives used for transdermal delivery are polyisobutylenes, polyacrylates and silicones [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VJY-3WRB3HM-6&_user=10&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F1999&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1598124405&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=f7968d61a743de54de6d04fb28c0cf00&searchtype=a Tan and Pfister, 1999]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image: Transdermal.jpg|thumb|center|600px|[http://www.qmed.com/files/ck_images/images/Nusil.jpg Delivery to skin]]]<br />
<br />
* In a typical '''disk drive''', PSAs are applied to the base casting to secure the motor-mounting flange and motor assembly<br />
<br />
===Application in aerospace industry===<br />
<br />
Aerospace manufacturers uses PSAs to assemble sheet-metal components into sub assemblies. The aerospace industry, primarily satellite manufacturers, have expressed the need for a low outgas, thermally stable, adhesive tape which can work at both high, 175ºC, and low, -100ºC, temperatures. New silicone PSA was fabricated to pass, low outgassing requirements of 1% or less Total Mass Loss (TML) and 0.1% or less Collectable Volatile Condensable Materials (CVCM) [http://www.polytec-pt.de/ger/_files/24_LowOutgasSiliconePressureSensitiveAdhesiveForAerospaceApplications2%281%29.pdf Riegler, 2005].<br />
<br />
==Making of PSAs==<br />
<br />
Although PSPs can be obtained by different polymerization processes (i.e., emulsion, solution, hot-melt, or radiation curing), much attention has recently been devoted to the utilization of more environmentally friendly processes such as emulsion polymerization. Soft polymer networks are commonly used as previous termpressure sensitive adhesivesnext term (PSAs). This is due to their unique ability to deform and yet to resist flow. These contradictory requirements indicate that the mechanical properties are finely tuned, and that the types of deformation upon application are carefully considered. Variety of PSAs can be prepared by mixing a linear vinyl terminated polymer with a silane terminated f-functional cross-linker. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4VJ4WRW-1&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2009&_alid=1598127284&_rdoc=6&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=20058&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=31aa31be0a41e917372805a44d352007&searchtype=a Jensen et al., 2009]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="70%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''PSA process'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Chemical composition'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Time of launch'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Solvent-based'''<br />
|align = "center"|Rubber/resin, acrylics, silicones<br />
|align = "center"|Since 19th century<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Hot-melt'''<br />
|align = "center"|Block copolymers, acrylics<br />
|align = "center"|1940s<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Emulsion (water)-based'''<br />
|align = "center"|Acrylics, natural and synthetic rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer<br />
|align = "center"|1970s<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Radiation-cured'''<br />
|align = "center"| Acrylics, rubber<br />
|align = "center"|1970s<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="80%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Properties'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Solvent-based: acrylic'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Hot-melt: styrene-isobutylene-styrene.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Emulsion based: acrylics'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|PS performance<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Very good<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Ease of compounding<br />
|align = "center"|Moderate<br />
|align = "center"|Difficult<br />
|align = "center"|Easy<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Formulation flexibility<br />
|align = "center"|Limited<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Moderate<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|Coating method flexibility<br />
|align = "center"|Limited<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|Ease of changeover<br />
|align = "center"|Limited<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''6'''<br />
|align = "center"|PSA reproducibility<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Limited<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''7'''<br />
|align = "center"|Aging properties<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''8'''<br />
|align = "center"|Clarity/color<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''9'''<br />
|align = "center"|Safety/toxicity<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''10'''<br />
|align = "center"|Raw material costs<br />
|align = "center"|High<br />
|align = "center"|Low<br />
|align = "center"|Medium<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''11'''<br />
|align = "center"|Coating/compounding costs<br />
|align = "center"|High<br />
|align = "center"|Medium<br />
|align = "center"|Low<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Effect of important parameters on PSA making and performance===<br />
<br />
====Effect of polymer molecular weight and crosslinking reactions on the end-use properties of PSAs====<br />
In a study wherein polymer molecular weight and polymer microstructure were regulated using different chain transfer agent (CTA) concentrations and by addition of a diacrylic monomer (MM) it was shown that all of the measured adhesion properties strongly depend on molecular weight of the synthesized polymer and on the amount of gel phase [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4SH0Y17-1&_user=10&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2009&_alid=1598127284&_rdoc=8&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=20058&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=0c2fe11851b57347e066ff78a975a690&searchtype=a Kajtna et al., 2009]<br />
<br />
====Effect of composition on Mechanical behaviours and fracture energy of PSAs====<br />
In a study it was shown that the mechanical behaviour depend on their composition but majority of fracture energy is dissipated on the first millimetre near the bending zone where fibrils elongation is maximum. Observations of interfaces between PSAs and glass substrate underline that fracture energy varies linearly according to the contact area [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4N2D2V9-2&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2007&_alid=1598127284&_rdoc=16&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=20058&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=6021375899d8929d9ec349bc3fd3c01d&searchtype=a Horgnies et al., 2007]<br />
<br />
====Effect of tackifier on PSAs====<br />
To study the effect of tackifier (such as hydrogenated cyclo-aliphatic resin) a model system consisting of polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene triblock copolymer was prepared. Tackifier increased the peel adhesion significantly and the increase became stronger above 40 wt% tackifier. The higher peel adhesion was obtained in the system with the larger amount of agglomerates of tackifier in the polyisoprene matrix. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4RJKX1T-1&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2008&_alid=1598155857&_rdoc=4&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18242&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=41c38a7bf066473704bf91918b843915&searchtype=a Sasaki et al., 2008]<br />
<br />
====Effect of chain transfer agent and cross-linker concentration in making of PSAs====<br />
In a study it was shown that a constant cross-linker concentration, one can manipulate the polymer micro-structure by adding varying amounts of chain transfer agent. Three examples of these micro-structures are depicted below which show a tight gel network with long-chain sol polymers, a loose gel network with shorter sol polymers, and an imperfect gel structure with highly branched sol polymers. By manipulating the micro-structure, previous termpressure-sensitive adhesivenext term performance can be affected. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TWW-4YG1M1T-3&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2010&_alid=1598155857&_rdoc=10&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5573&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18242&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9b4d65da1531e13c4a9e3f5a986b03e4&searchtype=a Qie and Dube, 2010]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Effect of CTA.jpg| thumb|center|300px|Effect of chain transfer agent and cross-linker concentration in making of PSAs]]<br />
<br />
====Effect of flexible substrates on PSAs performance====<br />
The fracture energy (fracture toughness) of tapes during globally elastic unpeeling is often calculated from the relation G=P/b(1−cos θ). A study suggested that this expression is correct for elastic peeling from rigid substrates but it gives misleading results when peeling from reversible flexible substrates. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-46RKMVR-1&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2002&_alid=1598155857&_rdoc=14&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18242&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=5a2c01b1375cc8e2d6e2d69ed8cd8aa4&searchtype=a Steven-Fountain et al., 2002]<br />
<br />
==PSA performance measurement==<br />
<br />
PSAs polymeric materials effect tack, peel and shear strength . Inherent properties such as copolymer composition and microstructure, molecular weight and distribution are among the most influential factors affecting PSA properties directly as well as indirectly through their influence on physical properties (e.g., the glass transition temperature, Tg) and thus, rheological properties of the polymer (e.g., viscoelastic regions, moduli).<br />
<br />
Therefore, PSA is the result of a fine balance between these three major, interrelated properties.<br />
<br />
===Tack===<br />
It is a measure of the force required to remove, say a foam gasket and its adhesive, from the substrate. It usually refers to the initial attraction of the adhesive to the substrate. Tack can be measured by four basic methods these are loop tack, rolling ball, Quick stick and probe measurement devices. [http://www.adhesivestoolkit.com/Docu-Data/NPLDocuments/P%20A%20J/PAJ%20Reports/PAJ1%20Reports/PAJ1%20Report%205.pdf Review Of Methods For The Measurement Of Tack]<br />
<br />
===Peel strength===<br />
<br />
Peel strength is measured as a force required to remove a standard PSA strip from a specified test surface under a standard test angle (e.g., 90° or 180°) under standard conditions. Much like tack, manufacturers control adhesion to create different products based on user requirements. After a PSA has been applied to the substrate, adhesion continues to increase for a period of time — typically 24 hr. <br />
<br />
===Shear strength===<br />
Shear strength is the internal or cohesive strength of the adhesive mass. Usually, it is determined as the length of time it takes for a standard strip of PSA to fall from a test panel after application of a load. Usually, tack and adhesion decrease as shear strength increases. [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a713642457&fulltext=713240928 Emulsion-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: A Review]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==PSA products==<br />
<br />
The most common products that utilize PSAs are tapes, labels, and protective films. The PSA sector is among the fastest growing in the adhesive market, making the search for new pressure-sensitive products (PSP) and applications highly competitive.<br />
<br />
* '''PSA tapes:''' Self-adhesive materials usually produced by coating an adhesive onto a carrier and used as a continuous web.<br />
<br />
* '''PSA labels:''' Self-adhesive laminated carrier materials. The self-adhesive layer is protected with a supplemental material (release liner).<br />
<br />
* '''Protective films:''' Carrier material possesses built-in or built-on self-adhesive properties.<br />
<br />
==Recycling issues with PSA==<br />
<br />
PSAs exact a considerable cost on the paper recycling industry, an estimated $700 million per year. Most paper recycling systems converts paper into pulp in presence of water, which is then transformed back into paper. PSAs do not dissolve in water, but rather fragment into smaller particles during the repulping process. These particles are known as stickies, get deformed under heat and pressure, making them difficult to screen or filter out of the pulp. Stickies can become lodged on papermaking and can cause damage to equipment or even in the paper. [http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ReduceWaste/Business/officepaper/PSAFacts.htm Source]<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="90%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''"Sticky" PSA Product'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Alternative Product/Procedure'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Address Labels<br />
|align = "left"|1. Print addresses directly on envelopes<br>2. Using glassine (cellulose) film window or filmless window envelopes, and print mailing addresses directly on the letter to show through the window.<br>3. Handprint addresses directly on large mailing envelopes..<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Sticky Notes<br />
|align = "left"|1.Use scratch paper for notes and secure with paper clips.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Postage Stamps<br />
|align = "left"|1. Use moisture-activated postage stamps<br>2. Postal meter that prints postage directly on envelopes or that uses moisture-activated meter tape<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|File Folder Index Labels<br />
|align = "left"|1. Handprint file subjects directly on index tabs, instead of using an index label. When recycling file folders with index labels, tear off the index tab.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|Closure Tabs<br />
|align = "left"|1. Sharply folding fliers and newsletters is often sufficient to send them safely and securely through the mail.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Search strategy==<br />
<br />
Search strategy last updated on: 7th January 2011<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="60%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Search string'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Hits'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Google'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|7,510,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|7,650,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automobile<br />
|align = "center"|436,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automotive<br />
|align = "center"|479,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive drug delivery<br />
|align = "center"|275,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''6'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive tack*<br />
|align = "center"|354,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''7'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive product<br />
|align = "center"|8,120,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''8'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive recycl*<br />
|align = "center"|447,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Google scholar'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|21,50,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|21,50,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Scirus'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|130,055<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|200,950<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive product<br />
|align = "center"|136,169<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Sciencedirect'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive electronics<br />
|align = "center"|2,450<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|7,212<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|15,405<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automobile<br />
|align = "center"|951<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automotive<br />
|align = "center"|1,406<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''6'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive drug delivery<br />
|align = "center"|2,876<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Springerlink'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|2,149<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|3,901<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Google images'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|3,580,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|2,210,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive electronics<br />
|align = "center"|1,690,000<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Market Information==<br />
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]<br />
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]<br />
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.<br />
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]<br />
<br />
* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]<br />
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.<br />
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.<br />
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.<br />
<br />
* Market leaders by country are as follows:<br />
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually<br />
** China<br />
** Japan <br />
** Germany<br />
** UK [[image:players_logo.jpg|right|500 px]]<br />
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:<br />
** Henkel <br />
** 3M<br />
** Avery Denison<br />
** HB Fuller<br />
** National Starch<br />
** Atofina<br />
<br />
==Intellectual Property==<br />
<br />
===Patent Search Table===<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|colspan = "5"|<br />
* Patent search on Micropat<br />
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|1836 – Date<br />
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))<br />
|76006<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|1836 – Date<br />
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)<br />
|75602<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|1836 – Date<br />
|1 AND 2<br />
|2272<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
* Total number of patents - 2272<br />
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483<br />
<br />
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<br><br />
<br />
===Taxonomy for analysis===<br />
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]<br />
<br />
===Taxonomy for PSA composition===<br />
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]<br />
<br />
===IP Activity===<br />
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]<br />
<br />
===Major Competitors===<br />
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]<br />
<br />
===Composition components matrix===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan = "5"|3M Innovative Properties Company<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|2000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|2000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|2000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|1993<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|1993<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|American Tape Company<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1997<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Ashland Oil, Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1991<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1984<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1997<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Coloplast<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1980<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1970<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1990<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1990<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1994<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1993<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Fujikura Ltd.<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|2000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|General Electric Company<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|2000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1997<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1981<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
|Nichiban Company Limited<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1997<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|None<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|PPG Industries, Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1992<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Technology Tree===<br />
<br />
As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.<br />
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]<br />
<br />
==Key findings==<br />
* In the medical field, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used for many different applications in the hospital and health areas and also they can be used to adhere two surfaces together such as the flaps of packing material or fabric to a surface<br />
* In many commercial applications of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it would be preferred to use an acrylate polymer or copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 2.5 dl/g<br />
* Ideally, a process for producing an acrylate-based polymer for a pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a means for controlling both molecular weight, i.e., intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight distribution.<br />
* Pressure-sensitive adhesives require a delicate balance of viscous and elastic properties that result in a four-fold balance of adhesion, cohesion, stretchiness and elasticity. Pressure-sensitive adhesives generally comprise elastomers that are either inherently tacky, or elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers that are tackified with the addition of tackifying resins.<br />
<br />
==Analysis Sheet==<br />
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]<br />
<br />
<br />
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|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pressure_sensitive_adhesives&diff=11096Pressure sensitive adhesives2015-07-27T13:16:36Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dashboard */</p>
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<br />
==Overview==<br />
Pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA, self adhesive, self stick adhesive) is adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied to marry the adhesive with the adherend. No solvent, water, or heat is needed to activate the adhesive. It is used in pressure sensitive tapes, labels, note pads, automobile trim, and a wide variety of other products.<br />
<br />
As the name "pressure sensitive" indicates, the degree of bond is influenced by the amount of pressure which is used to apply the adhesive to the surface.<br />
<br />
Surface factors such as smoothness, surface energy, removal of contaminants, etc. are also important to proper bonding.<br />
<br />
PSAs are usually designed to form a bond and hold properly at room temperatures. PSAs typically reduce or lose their tack at cold temperatures and reduce their shear holding ability at high temperatures: Specialty adhesives are made to function at high or low temperatures. It is important to choose an adhesive formulation which is designed for its intended use conditions.<br />
<br />
===Surface Energy===<br />
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]<br />
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.<br />
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.<br />
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.<br />
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.<br />
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]<br />
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===<br />
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.<br />
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.<br />
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.<br />
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.<br />
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.<br />
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]<br />
<br />
===Adhesion===<br />
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]<br />
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials. <br />
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.<br />
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules. <br />
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]<br />
<br />
==Application of PSA==<br />
<br />
===Application in electronics and electrical industry===<br />
<br />
Electrical grade PSAs are critical components in the design many of today's electrical and electronic components in the electrical industry. The construction of this type of PSA is difficult since lower concentration of conductive filler must be used in order to prevent the drying out of polymer by the conductive filler, with attendant loss of tack. The conductivity of electrically conductive PSA in the direction of pressure action is to a certain extend depend on the direction of pressure applied [http://www.springerlink.com/content/j5448654801gg60q/ Florian, 2003] <br />
<br />
Electrical grade PSAs are designed and manufactured using materials using material that are physically and chemically stable in the presence of humidity and electrical stress. The acrylic high tack PSAs works very well in static and dynamic joints. The PSA agents are used in three forms i.e. modified aqueous dispersions or solutions in different solvents and as hot melts adhesives. PSA tapes find application in electronic assemblies [http://www.calce.umd.edu/articles/abstracts/2004/assemblies.htm Reliability of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tapes for Heat Sink Attachment in Air-Cooled Electronic Assemblies]<br />
<br />
[[Image: PSA tapes.jpg|thumb|center|800px|[http://www.biztrademarket.com/User/166116/bb/insulation_tape_eho.jpg PSA tapes]]]<br />
<br />
===Application in automobile industry===<br />
While mechanical fasteners will always be the choice when maximum torque and linear force are required in automobile industry, pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) can often provide a better method of joining or bonding than traditional screws, nuts, bolts, rivets and welds. <br />
<br />
The design, performance, and production reasons for replacing mechanical or fusion fastening methods with PSAs include, but are not limited to: <br />
<br />
# Distributing stress over the entire bonded area: The concentrated stress of mechanical fasteners can be eliminated and design engineers can specify lighter, thinner materials without sacrificing durability and product integrity. <br />
# Bonding dissimilar materials: The ability to bond two totally different substrates can yield a superior combination for product strength and performance. PSAs are an ideal counterbalance for varying factors of expansion between surfaces, such as laminating layers of metal. <br />
# Maintaining assembled substrate integrity: Less machining and finishing means more latitude for design engineers and improved aesthetics for greater consumer appeal. <br />
# Incorporating fatigue resistance: PSAs bring great flexibility, allowing for high extension and recovery under heavy loads. <br />
# Durability by design: PSAs fill voids and gaps and can bond loose-fitting parts.<br />
Increasing production efficiency: PSAs reduce material requirements, provide product weight reduction, require fewer assembly and finishing steps, and minimize training [http://www.flexcon.com/Resource-Center/~/media/Files/PDFs/Website/Resource%20Center/White%20Papers/design%20engineering%20aspects%20of%20pressure-sensitive%20adhesives.ashx FLEXcon white paper]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Medical applications===<br />
<br />
There are two essential requirements of medical PSAs, that they should stick firmly to a difficult substrate (skin) and that they should be easily and cleanly removed from that substrate when desired. These requirements would seem to be in conflict: a high peel force usually signals the ability to stick firmly, while a low force is needed when removing dressings by peeling.<br />
<br />
A number of ways have been considered to resolve this conflict. These may be divided into two broad categories: those that make the best of existing PSA technology, broadly taking a physical approach, and those that introduce novel chemistry into the process. Physical approaches consider such details as the dependence of peel force on peel angle, peel rate, backing materials, the deformation of the skin during peeling and use of barrier films and solvents. As an alternative to simply making the best of the physics of the peeling process, various workers have devised chemical systems for making the adhesive less strongly adhering at the time of removal. These systems usually consist of introducing a ‘switch’ mechanism into a strongly adhering adhesive so that its adherence may be reduced significantly at the time of removal by operation of the ‘switch’. Means of activating the ‘switch’ include: heat (warming or cooling), application of water via an absorbent backing and exposure to visible light. These may produce physical or chemical changes in the adhesive [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-43W00T1-3&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2001&_alid=1598193691&_rdoc=3&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=15397&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=17b33208ec83c0db321e3d3882e5ffe3&searchtype=a Chivers, 2001]<br />
<br />
===PSAs drive transdermal delivery===<br />
Transdermal or through-the-skin delivery of drugs has assumed an important place in drug therapy, eliminating many of the shortcomings of syringes and pills. [http://www.adhesivesresearch.com/Pharmaceutical_ARx_LLC/Pharmaceutical/Component_Applications_And_Technologies/ActiveTransdermalDeliverySystems.aspx Active Transdermal Delivery Systems] The three most commonly used adhesives used for transdermal delivery are polyisobutylenes, polyacrylates and silicones [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VJY-3WRB3HM-6&_user=10&_coverDate=02%2F01%2F1999&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1598124405&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=f7968d61a743de54de6d04fb28c0cf00&searchtype=a Tan and Pfister, 1999]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image: Transdermal.jpg|thumb|center|600px|[http://www.qmed.com/files/ck_images/images/Nusil.jpg Delivery to skin]]]<br />
<br />
* In a typical '''disk drive''', PSAs are applied to the base casting to secure the motor-mounting flange and motor assembly<br />
<br />
===Application in aerospace industry===<br />
<br />
Aerospace manufacturers uses PSAs to assemble sheet-metal components into sub assemblies. The aerospace industry, primarily satellite manufacturers, have expressed the need for a low outgas, thermally stable, adhesive tape which can work at both high, 175ºC, and low, -100ºC, temperatures. New silicone PSA was fabricated to pass, low outgassing requirements of 1% or less Total Mass Loss (TML) and 0.1% or less Collectable Volatile Condensable Materials (CVCM) [http://www.polytec-pt.de/ger/_files/24_LowOutgasSiliconePressureSensitiveAdhesiveForAerospaceApplications2%281%29.pdf Riegler, 2005].<br />
<br />
==Making of PSAs==<br />
<br />
Although PSPs can be obtained by different polymerization processes (i.e., emulsion, solution, hot-melt, or radiation curing), much attention has recently been devoted to the utilization of more environmentally friendly processes such as emulsion polymerization. Soft polymer networks are commonly used as previous termpressure sensitive adhesivesnext term (PSAs). This is due to their unique ability to deform and yet to resist flow. These contradictory requirements indicate that the mechanical properties are finely tuned, and that the types of deformation upon application are carefully considered. Variety of PSAs can be prepared by mixing a linear vinyl terminated polymer with a silane terminated f-functional cross-linker. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4VJ4WRW-1&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2009&_alid=1598127284&_rdoc=6&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=20058&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=31aa31be0a41e917372805a44d352007&searchtype=a Jensen et al., 2009]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="70%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''PSA process'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Chemical composition'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Time of launch'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Solvent-based'''<br />
|align = "center"|Rubber/resin, acrylics, silicones<br />
|align = "center"|Since 19th century<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Hot-melt'''<br />
|align = "center"|Block copolymers, acrylics<br />
|align = "center"|1940s<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Emulsion (water)-based'''<br />
|align = "center"|Acrylics, natural and synthetic rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer<br />
|align = "center"|1970s<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Radiation-cured'''<br />
|align = "center"| Acrylics, rubber<br />
|align = "center"|1970s<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="80%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Properties'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Solvent-based: acrylic'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Hot-melt: styrene-isobutylene-styrene.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Emulsion based: acrylics'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|PS performance<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Very good<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Ease of compounding<br />
|align = "center"|Moderate<br />
|align = "center"|Difficult<br />
|align = "center"|Easy<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Formulation flexibility<br />
|align = "center"|Limited<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Moderate<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|Coating method flexibility<br />
|align = "center"|Limited<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|Ease of changeover<br />
|align = "center"|Limited<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''6'''<br />
|align = "center"|PSA reproducibility<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Limited<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''7'''<br />
|align = "center"|Aging properties<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''8'''<br />
|align = "center"|Clarity/color<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''9'''<br />
|align = "center"|Safety/toxicity<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Poor<br />
|align = "center"|Excellent<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''10'''<br />
|align = "center"|Raw material costs<br />
|align = "center"|High<br />
|align = "center"|Low<br />
|align = "center"|Medium<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''11'''<br />
|align = "center"|Coating/compounding costs<br />
|align = "center"|High<br />
|align = "center"|Medium<br />
|align = "center"|Low<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Effect of important parameters on PSA making and performance===<br />
<br />
====Effect of polymer molecular weight and crosslinking reactions on the end-use properties of PSAs====<br />
In a study wherein polymer molecular weight and polymer microstructure were regulated using different chain transfer agent (CTA) concentrations and by addition of a diacrylic monomer (MM) it was shown that all of the measured adhesion properties strongly depend on molecular weight of the synthesized polymer and on the amount of gel phase [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4SH0Y17-1&_user=10&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2009&_alid=1598127284&_rdoc=8&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=20058&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=0c2fe11851b57347e066ff78a975a690&searchtype=a Kajtna et al., 2009]<br />
<br />
====Effect of composition on Mechanical behaviours and fracture energy of PSAs====<br />
In a study it was shown that the mechanical behaviour depend on their composition but majority of fracture energy is dissipated on the first millimetre near the bending zone where fibrils elongation is maximum. Observations of interfaces between PSAs and glass substrate underline that fracture energy varies linearly according to the contact area [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4N2D2V9-2&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2007&_alid=1598127284&_rdoc=16&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=20058&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=6021375899d8929d9ec349bc3fd3c01d&searchtype=a Horgnies et al., 2007]<br />
<br />
====Effect of tackifier on PSAs====<br />
To study the effect of tackifier (such as hydrogenated cyclo-aliphatic resin) a model system consisting of polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene triblock copolymer was prepared. Tackifier increased the peel adhesion significantly and the increase became stronger above 40 wt% tackifier. The higher peel adhesion was obtained in the system with the larger amount of agglomerates of tackifier in the polyisoprene matrix. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-4RJKX1T-1&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2008&_alid=1598155857&_rdoc=4&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18242&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=41c38a7bf066473704bf91918b843915&searchtype=a Sasaki et al., 2008]<br />
<br />
====Effect of chain transfer agent and cross-linker concentration in making of PSAs====<br />
In a study it was shown that a constant cross-linker concentration, one can manipulate the polymer micro-structure by adding varying amounts of chain transfer agent. Three examples of these micro-structures are depicted below which show a tight gel network with long-chain sol polymers, a loose gel network with shorter sol polymers, and an imperfect gel structure with highly branched sol polymers. By manipulating the micro-structure, previous termpressure-sensitive adhesivenext term performance can be affected. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TWW-4YG1M1T-3&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2010&_alid=1598155857&_rdoc=10&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5573&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18242&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9b4d65da1531e13c4a9e3f5a986b03e4&searchtype=a Qie and Dube, 2010]<br />
<br />
[[Image:Effect of CTA.jpg| thumb|center|300px|Effect of chain transfer agent and cross-linker concentration in making of PSAs]]<br />
<br />
====Effect of flexible substrates on PSAs performance====<br />
The fracture energy (fracture toughness) of tapes during globally elastic unpeeling is often calculated from the relation G=P/b(1−cos θ). A study suggested that this expression is correct for elastic peeling from rigid substrates but it gives misleading results when peeling from reversible flexible substrates. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TW7-46RKMVR-1&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2002&_alid=1598155857&_rdoc=14&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=5555&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=18242&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=5a2c01b1375cc8e2d6e2d69ed8cd8aa4&searchtype=a Steven-Fountain et al., 2002]<br />
<br />
==PSA performance measurement==<br />
<br />
PSAs polymeric materials effect tack, peel and shear strength . Inherent properties such as copolymer composition and microstructure, molecular weight and distribution are among the most influential factors affecting PSA properties directly as well as indirectly through their influence on physical properties (e.g., the glass transition temperature, Tg) and thus, rheological properties of the polymer (e.g., viscoelastic regions, moduli).<br />
<br />
Therefore, PSA is the result of a fine balance between these three major, interrelated properties.<br />
<br />
===Tack===<br />
It is a measure of the force required to remove, say a foam gasket and its adhesive, from the substrate. It usually refers to the initial attraction of the adhesive to the substrate. Tack can be measured by four basic methods these are loop tack, rolling ball, Quick stick and probe measurement devices. [http://www.adhesivestoolkit.com/Docu-Data/NPLDocuments/P%20A%20J/PAJ%20Reports/PAJ1%20Reports/PAJ1%20Report%205.pdf Review Of Methods For The Measurement Of Tack]<br />
<br />
===Peel strength===<br />
<br />
Peel strength is measured as a force required to remove a standard PSA strip from a specified test surface under a standard test angle (e.g., 90° or 180°) under standard conditions. Much like tack, manufacturers control adhesion to create different products based on user requirements. After a PSA has been applied to the substrate, adhesion continues to increase for a period of time — typically 24 hr. <br />
<br />
===Shear strength===<br />
Shear strength is the internal or cohesive strength of the adhesive mass. Usually, it is determined as the length of time it takes for a standard strip of PSA to fall from a test panel after application of a load. Usually, tack and adhesion decrease as shear strength increases. [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/section?content=a713642457&fulltext=713240928 Emulsion-Based Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives: A Review]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==PSA products==<br />
<br />
The most common products that utilize PSAs are tapes, labels, and protective films. The PSA sector is among the fastest growing in the adhesive market, making the search for new pressure-sensitive products (PSP) and applications highly competitive.<br />
<br />
* '''PSA tapes:''' Self-adhesive materials usually produced by coating an adhesive onto a carrier and used as a continuous web.<br />
<br />
* '''PSA labels:''' Self-adhesive laminated carrier materials. The self-adhesive layer is protected with a supplemental material (release liner).<br />
<br />
* '''Protective films:''' Carrier material possesses built-in or built-on self-adhesive properties.<br />
<br />
==Recycling issues with PSA==<br />
<br />
PSAs exact a considerable cost on the paper recycling industry, an estimated $700 million per year. Most paper recycling systems converts paper into pulp in presence of water, which is then transformed back into paper. PSAs do not dissolve in water, but rather fragment into smaller particles during the repulping process. These particles are known as stickies, get deformed under heat and pressure, making them difficult to screen or filter out of the pulp. Stickies can become lodged on papermaking and can cause damage to equipment or even in the paper. [http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/ReduceWaste/Business/officepaper/PSAFacts.htm Source]<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="90%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''"Sticky" PSA Product'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''Alternative Product/Procedure'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Address Labels<br />
|align = "left"|1. Print addresses directly on envelopes<br>2. Using glassine (cellulose) film window or filmless window envelopes, and print mailing addresses directly on the letter to show through the window.<br>3. Handprint addresses directly on large mailing envelopes..<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Sticky Notes<br />
|align = "left"|1.Use scratch paper for notes and secure with paper clips.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Postage Stamps<br />
|align = "left"|1. Use moisture-activated postage stamps<br>2. Postal meter that prints postage directly on envelopes or that uses moisture-activated meter tape<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|File Folder Index Labels<br />
|align = "left"|1. Handprint file subjects directly on index tabs, instead of using an index label. When recycling file folders with index labels, tear off the index tab.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|Closure Tabs<br />
|align = "left"|1. Sharply folding fliers and newsletters is often sufficient to send them safely and securely through the mail.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Search strategy==<br />
<br />
Search strategy last updated on: 7th January 2011<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="60%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Search string'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Hits'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Google'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|7,510,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|7,650,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automobile<br />
|align = "center"|436,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automotive<br />
|align = "center"|479,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive drug delivery<br />
|align = "center"|275,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''6'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive tack*<br />
|align = "center"|354,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''7'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive product<br />
|align = "center"|8,120,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''8'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive recycl*<br />
|align = "center"|447,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Google scholar'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|21,50,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|21,50,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Scirus'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|130,055<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|200,950<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive product<br />
|align = "center"|136,169<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Sciencedirect'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive electronics<br />
|align = "center"|2,450<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|7,212<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|15,405<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automobile<br />
|align = "center"|951<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive automotive<br />
|align = "center"|1,406<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''6'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive drug delivery<br />
|align = "center"|2,876<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Springerlink'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|2,149<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|3,901<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5BE97" colspan = "3"|'''Google images'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive making<br />
|align = "center"|3,580,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive application<br />
|align = "center"|2,210,000<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Pressure sensitive adhesive electronics<br />
|align = "center"|1,690,000<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Market Information==<br />
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]<br />
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]<br />
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.<br />
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]<br />
<br />
* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]<br />
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.<br />
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.<br />
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.<br />
<br />
* Market leaders by country are as follows:<br />
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually<br />
** China<br />
** Japan <br />
** Germany<br />
** UK [[image:players_logo.jpg|right|500 px]]<br />
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:<br />
** Henkel <br />
** 3M<br />
** Avery Denison<br />
** HB Fuller<br />
** National Starch<br />
** Atofina<br />
<br />
==Intellectual Property==<br />
<br />
===Patent Search Table===<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|colspan = "5"|<br />
* Patent search on Micropat<br />
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|1<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|1836 – Date<br />
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))<br />
|76006<br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|1836 – Date<br />
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)<br />
|75602<br />
|-<br />
|3<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|1836 – Date<br />
|1 AND 2<br />
|2272<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
* Total number of patents - 2272<br />
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483<br />
<br />
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<br><br />
<br />
===Taxonomy for analysis===<br />
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]<br />
<br />
===Taxonomy for PSA composition===<br />
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]<br />
<br />
===IP Activity===<br />
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]<br />
<br />
===Major Competitors===<br />
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]<br />
<br />
===Composition components matrix===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan = "5"|3M Innovative Properties Company<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|2000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|2000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|2000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|1993<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|1993<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|American Tape Company<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1997<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Ashland Oil, Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1991<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1984<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1997<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Coloplast<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1980<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1970<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1990<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1990<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1994<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1993<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Fujikura Ltd.<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|2000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|General Electric Company<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|2000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1997<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1981<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
|Nichiban Company Limited<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1997<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|None<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|PPG Industries, Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1996<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.<br />
|align = "center"|x<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|align = "center"|&nbsp;<br />
|1992<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Technology Tree===<br />
<br />
As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.<br />
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]<br />
<br />
==Key findings==<br />
* In the medical field, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used for many different applications in the hospital and health areas and also they can be used to adhere two surfaces together such as the flaps of packing material or fabric to a surface<br />
* In many commercial applications of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it would be preferred to use an acrylate polymer or copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 2.5 dl/g<br />
* Ideally, a process for producing an acrylate-based polymer for a pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a means for controlling both molecular weight, i.e., intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight distribution.<br />
* Pressure-sensitive adhesives require a delicate balance of viscous and elastic properties that result in a four-fold balance of adhesion, cohesion, stretchiness and elasticity. Pressure-sensitive adhesives generally comprise elastomers that are either inherently tacky, or elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers that are tackified with the addition of tackifying resins.<br />
<br />
==Analysis Sheet==<br />
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]<br />
<br />
<br />
==<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>==<br />
<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br><br />
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "<br />
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]''' <br />
|-<br />
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
==Contact Dolcera==<br />
<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera<br />
|-<br />
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=11095Main Page2015-07-27T11:10:05Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dolcera Technology Platforms */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]</font><br />
<br />
== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey; width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVUFcz2dpIM Video])<br />
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsZLUSPn3cg Video])<br />
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]<br />
* [[Non-wovens]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Smart Drug Delivery Systems]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vARe9eBFsq4 Video])<br />
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]<br />
* [[SC Johnson]]<br />
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4fI1rjPjSg Video])<br />
* [[Bio-PET]]<br />
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]<br />
* [[Antibody against TNF]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives in packaging]] <br />
* [[Template - Production Of Therapeutic Glycoproteins|Production of Therapeutic Glycoproteins]]<br />
* [[Market Research Tools Landscape]]<br />
<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]<br />
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]<br />
* [[Insurance sector]]<br />
* [[CDMA Basics]]<br />
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]<br />
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]<br />
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvZqBy8XvIE Video])<br />
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]<br />
* [[Transactional memory]]<br />
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]<br />
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]<br />
* [[Wind Energy]]<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>STN Search Reports</b></font><br />
* [[Markush Search Report]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dashboard</b></font><br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live] <br />
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]) <br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]<br />
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=130 Opioid Dashboard]<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dashboard</b></font><br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]<br />
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live] <br />
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]<br />
<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>IP Valuation</b></font><br />
<br />
*[[Holographic Image Display]]<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search</b></font><br />
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]<br />
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Study: In re Bilski Impact</b></font><br />
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search</b></font><br />
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Chart Sample]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Clinical Trial Database===<br />
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]<br />
<br />
== Business & Information Research Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[Strategic Insights:Heart Valve Replacement Market - India]]<br />
* [[Impact on Sales of a Drug going Off-Patent]]<br />
* [[Application of Conjoint Analysis for Total Knee Replacement Surgery Alternatives]]<br />
* [[Cancer Vaccines - Clinical Trial Analysis]]<br />
* [[Veterinary Vaccines Market Report]]<br />
* [[Olympus Corporation- Company Profile]]<br />
* [[Rx to OTC Switch-Market Analysis]]<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent - Market Analysis]], Company Profile:[[Boston Scientific - Company Profile |Boston Scientific ]]<br />
* [[Cardiac Pacemakers]]<br />
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]<br />
* [[Diabetes products and services]]<br />
* [[Drug Metabolism]]<br />
* [[Toxicology]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]<br />
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]<br />
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]<br />
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]<br />
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]<br />
* [[OTC vs. Prescription Drugs]]<br />
* [[Vaccines Market in Western Countries]], Company Profile:[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=GlaxoSmithKline_profile GlaxoSmithKline]<br />
* [[Gastrointestinal Endoscopy -Landscape Report]]<br />
* [[Asset Valuation Dashboard]]<br />
* [[Transplant Diagnostics (HLA) Market Landscape]]<br />
* [[Indian Pharma Industry - Distribution & Sales Force Structure]]<br />
* [[Breast Reconstruction Market Landscape]]<br />
* [[Lumpectomy and Mastectomy Trends]]<br />
* [[Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models]]<br />
<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]<br />
* [[LTE]]<br />
* [[Femtocells]]<br />
* [[HDTV in the US]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]<br />
* [[Web video]]<br />
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])<br />
* [[Samsung Company Profile |Samsung Electronics Company Profile]]<br />
* [[NFC Ecosystem]]<br />
* [[Virtualization]]<br />
* [[Cloud Computing]]<br />
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]<br />
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]<br />
* [[Patent Valuation]]<br />
* [[Automatic Faucets]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Finance===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
===Others and CPG===<br />
|-<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]<br />
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]<br />
| valign=top |<br />
*[[Technology Scouting: Water Purification]]<br />
*[[Deodorants Market Analysis: Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate]]<br />
*[[Partner in sales planning]]<br />
*[[Sports & Energy Drinks Market in Australia]]<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
| align = "top" |<br />
==== Dashboard 1.1 ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)] <br />
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]<br />
* [[Dashboard Technical Specifications]] -- [[Dashboard Technical Specifications -- SaaS|hosted]]<br />
<br />
==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====<br />
<br />
==== IP and Products dashboard ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard] <br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]<br />
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]<br />
<br />
==== Patent-pathway mapping ====<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]<br />
==== Sequence dashboard ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]<br />
<br />
==== Design analysis ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]<br />
<br />
==== Innovation explorer ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]<br />
==== KPort ====<br />
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Buy Dolcera Reports ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
| align = "top" |<br />
<br />
* [[Landscape report for HEMT]]<br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in Foods]] <br />
* [[Variable Valve Timing - Sample]]<br />
<br />
==== Templates: ====<br />
<br />
<b> Food : </b><br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in foods]]<br />
* [[Campylobacter control in meat]]<br />
* [[Antioxidants form olive waste]]<br />
* [[phytosterol and phytostanols]]<br />
* [[Phospholipids and Sphingolipids of Milk]]<br />
* [[Cheese analog]]<br />
<br />
<b> Packaging : </b><br />
* [[Plastic aerosols]]<br />
* [[Dispenser with applicator]]<br />
* [[Biodegradable packaging for liquids]]<br />
* [[Food Packaging and Salmonella Prevention through Packaging]]<br />
<br />
<b> Cosmetics: </b><br />
*[[Enhanced bioavailability of skin whitening actives in topical applications]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dolcera Services Summary </b></font><br />
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera services summary]]<br />
* [[Dolcera Services|Dolcera services mindmap]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>[[Technology Support]] </b></font><br />
<br />
<font size = "4"><span style="color:#C41E3A">Like any of these sample reports?</span></font><br />
<p align="center"> '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' <br><br />
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "<br />
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]''' <br />
|-<br />
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
----<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani<br />
|-<br />
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=11094Main Page2015-07-27T11:07:59Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dolcera Technology Platforms */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]</font><br />
<br />
== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey; width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVUFcz2dpIM Video])<br />
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsZLUSPn3cg Video])<br />
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]<br />
* [[Non-wovens]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Smart Drug Delivery Systems]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vARe9eBFsq4 Video])<br />
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]<br />
* [[SC Johnson]]<br />
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4fI1rjPjSg Video])<br />
* [[Bio-PET]]<br />
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]<br />
* [[Antibody against TNF]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives in packaging]] <br />
* [[Template - Production Of Therapeutic Glycoproteins|Production of Therapeutic Glycoproteins]]<br />
* [[Market Research Tools Landscape]]<br />
<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]<br />
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]<br />
* [[Insurance sector]]<br />
* [[CDMA Basics]]<br />
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]<br />
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]<br />
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvZqBy8XvIE Video])<br />
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]<br />
* [[Transactional memory]]<br />
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]<br />
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]<br />
* [[Wind Energy]]<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>STN Search Reports</b></font><br />
* [[Markush Search Report]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dashboard</b></font><br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live] <br />
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]) <br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]<br />
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=130 Opioid Dashboard]<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dashboard</b></font><br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]<br />
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live] <br />
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]<br />
<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>IP Valuation</b></font><br />
<br />
*[[Holographic Image Display]]<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search</b></font><br />
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]<br />
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Study: In re Bilski Impact</b></font><br />
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search</b></font><br />
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Chart Sample]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Clinical Trial Database===<br />
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]<br />
<br />
== Business & Information Research Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[Strategic Insights:Heart Valve Replacement Market - India]]<br />
* [[Impact on Sales of a Drug going Off-Patent]]<br />
* [[Application of Conjoint Analysis for Total Knee Replacement Surgery Alternatives]]<br />
* [[Cancer Vaccines - Clinical Trial Analysis]]<br />
* [[Veterinary Vaccines Market Report]]<br />
* [[Olympus Corporation- Company Profile]]<br />
* [[Rx to OTC Switch-Market Analysis]]<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent - Market Analysis]], Company Profile:[[Boston Scientific - Company Profile |Boston Scientific ]]<br />
* [[Cardiac Pacemakers]]<br />
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]<br />
* [[Diabetes products and services]]<br />
* [[Drug Metabolism]]<br />
* [[Toxicology]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]<br />
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]<br />
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]<br />
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]<br />
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]<br />
* [[OTC vs. Prescription Drugs]]<br />
* [[Vaccines Market in Western Countries]], Company Profile:[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=GlaxoSmithKline_profile GlaxoSmithKline]<br />
* [[Gastrointestinal Endoscopy -Landscape Report]]<br />
* [[Asset Valuation Dashboard]]<br />
* [[Transplant Diagnostics (HLA) Market Landscape]]<br />
* [[Indian Pharma Industry - Distribution & Sales Force Structure]]<br />
* [[Breast Reconstruction Market Landscape]]<br />
* [[Lumpectomy and Mastectomy Trends]]<br />
* [[Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models]]<br />
<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]<br />
* [[LTE]]<br />
* [[Femtocells]]<br />
* [[HDTV in the US]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]<br />
* [[Web video]]<br />
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])<br />
* [[Samsung Company Profile |Samsung Electronics Company Profile]]<br />
* [[NFC Ecosystem]]<br />
* [[Virtualization]]<br />
* [[Cloud Computing]]<br />
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]<br />
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]<br />
* [[Patent Valuation]]<br />
* [[Automatic Faucets]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Finance===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
===Others and CPG===<br />
|-<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]<br />
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]<br />
| valign=top |<br />
*[[Technology Scouting: Water Purification]]<br />
*[[Deodorants Market Analysis: Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate]]<br />
*[[Partner in sales planning]]<br />
*[[Sports & Energy Drinks Market in Australia]]<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
| align = "top" |<br />
==== Dashboard 1.1 ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)] <br />
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]<br />
* [[Dashboard Technical Specifications]] -- [[Dashboard Technical Specifications -- SaaS|hosted]]<br />
<br />
==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====<br />
<br />
==== IP and Products dashboard ====<br />
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard] <br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]<br />
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]<br />
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]<br />
<br />
==== Patent-pathway mapping ====<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]<br />
==== Sequence dashboard ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]<br />
<br />
==== Design analysis ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]<br />
<br />
==== Innovation explorer ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]<br />
==== KPort ====<br />
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Buy Dolcera Reports ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
| align = "top" |<br />
<br />
* [[Landscape report for HEMT]]<br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in Foods]] <br />
* [[Variable Valve Timing - Sample]]<br />
<br />
==== Templates: ====<br />
<br />
<b> Food : </b><br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in foods]]<br />
* [[Campylobacter control in meat]]<br />
* [[Antioxidants form olive waste]]<br />
* [[phytosterol and phytostanols]]<br />
* [[Phospholipids and Sphingolipids of Milk]]<br />
* [[Cheese analog]]<br />
<br />
<b> Packaging : </b><br />
* [[Plastic aerosols]]<br />
* [[Dispenser with applicator]]<br />
* [[Biodegradable packaging for liquids]]<br />
* [[Food Packaging and Salmonella Prevention through Packaging]]<br />
<br />
<b> Cosmetics: </b><br />
*[[Enhanced bioavailability of skin whitening actives in topical applications]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dolcera Services Summary </b></font><br />
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera services summary]]<br />
* [[Dolcera Services|Dolcera services mindmap]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>[[Technology Support]] </b></font><br />
<br />
<font size = "4"><span style="color:#C41E3A">Like any of these sample reports?</span></font><br />
<p align="center"> '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' <br><br />
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "<br />
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]''' <br />
|-<br />
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
----<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani<br />
|-<br />
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=11093Main Page2015-07-27T11:03:36Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Intellectual Property (IP) Services */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]</font><br />
<br />
== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey; width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVUFcz2dpIM Video])<br />
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsZLUSPn3cg Video])<br />
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]<br />
* [[Non-wovens]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Smart Drug Delivery Systems]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vARe9eBFsq4 Video])<br />
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]<br />
* [[SC Johnson]]<br />
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4fI1rjPjSg Video])<br />
* [[Bio-PET]]<br />
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]<br />
* [[Antibody against TNF]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives in packaging]] <br />
* [[Template - Production Of Therapeutic Glycoproteins|Production of Therapeutic Glycoproteins]]<br />
* [[Market Research Tools Landscape]]<br />
<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]<br />
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]<br />
* [[Insurance sector]]<br />
* [[CDMA Basics]]<br />
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]<br />
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]<br />
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvZqBy8XvIE Video])<br />
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]<br />
* [[Transactional memory]]<br />
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]<br />
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]<br />
* [[Wind Energy]]<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>STN Search Reports</b></font><br />
* [[Markush Search Report]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dashboard</b></font><br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live] <br />
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]) <br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]<br />
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=130 Opioid Dashboard]<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dashboard</b></font><br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]<br />
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live] <br />
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]<br />
<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>IP Valuation</b></font><br />
<br />
*[[Holographic Image Display]]<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search</b></font><br />
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]<br />
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Study: In re Bilski Impact</b></font><br />
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search</b></font><br />
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Chart Sample]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Clinical Trial Database===<br />
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]<br />
<br />
== Business & Information Research Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[Strategic Insights:Heart Valve Replacement Market - India]]<br />
* [[Impact on Sales of a Drug going Off-Patent]]<br />
* [[Application of Conjoint Analysis for Total Knee Replacement Surgery Alternatives]]<br />
* [[Cancer Vaccines - Clinical Trial Analysis]]<br />
* [[Veterinary Vaccines Market Report]]<br />
* [[Olympus Corporation- Company Profile]]<br />
* [[Rx to OTC Switch-Market Analysis]]<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent - Market Analysis]], Company Profile:[[Boston Scientific - Company Profile |Boston Scientific ]]<br />
* [[Cardiac Pacemakers]]<br />
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]<br />
* [[Diabetes products and services]]<br />
* [[Drug Metabolism]]<br />
* [[Toxicology]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]<br />
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]<br />
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]<br />
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]<br />
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]<br />
* [[OTC vs. Prescription Drugs]]<br />
* [[Vaccines Market in Western Countries]], Company Profile:[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=GlaxoSmithKline_profile GlaxoSmithKline]<br />
* [[Gastrointestinal Endoscopy -Landscape Report]]<br />
* [[Asset Valuation Dashboard]]<br />
* [[Transplant Diagnostics (HLA) Market Landscape]]<br />
* [[Indian Pharma Industry - Distribution & Sales Force Structure]]<br />
* [[Breast Reconstruction Market Landscape]]<br />
* [[Lumpectomy and Mastectomy Trends]]<br />
* [[Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models]]<br />
<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]<br />
* [[LTE]]<br />
* [[Femtocells]]<br />
* [[HDTV in the US]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]<br />
* [[Web video]]<br />
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])<br />
* [[Samsung Company Profile |Samsung Electronics Company Profile]]<br />
* [[NFC Ecosystem]]<br />
* [[Virtualization]]<br />
* [[Cloud Computing]]<br />
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]<br />
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]<br />
* [[Patent Valuation]]<br />
* [[Automatic Faucets]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Finance===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
===Others and CPG===<br />
|-<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]<br />
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]<br />
| valign=top |<br />
*[[Technology Scouting: Water Purification]]<br />
*[[Deodorants Market Analysis: Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate]]<br />
*[[Partner in sales planning]]<br />
*[[Sports & Energy Drinks Market in Australia]]<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
| align = "top" |<br />
==== Dashboard 1.1 ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboarddemo/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)] <br />
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]<br />
* [[Dashboard Technical Specifications]] -- [[Dashboard Technical Specifications -- SaaS|hosted]]<br />
<br />
==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====<br />
<br />
==== IP and Products dashboard ====<br />
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard] <br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]<br />
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]<br />
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]<br />
<br />
==== Patent-pathway mapping ====<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]<br />
==== Sequence dashboard ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]<br />
<br />
==== Design analysis ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]<br />
<br />
==== Innovation explorer ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]<br />
==== KPort ====<br />
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Buy Dolcera Reports ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
| align = "top" |<br />
<br />
* [[Landscape report for HEMT]]<br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in Foods]] <br />
* [[Variable Valve Timing - Sample]]<br />
<br />
==== Templates: ====<br />
<br />
<b> Food : </b><br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in foods]]<br />
* [[Campylobacter control in meat]]<br />
* [[Antioxidants form olive waste]]<br />
* [[phytosterol and phytostanols]]<br />
* [[Phospholipids and Sphingolipids of Milk]]<br />
* [[Cheese analog]]<br />
<br />
<b> Packaging : </b><br />
* [[Plastic aerosols]]<br />
* [[Dispenser with applicator]]<br />
* [[Biodegradable packaging for liquids]]<br />
* [[Food Packaging and Salmonella Prevention through Packaging]]<br />
<br />
<b> Cosmetics: </b><br />
*[[Enhanced bioavailability of skin whitening actives in topical applications]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dolcera Services Summary </b></font><br />
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera services summary]]<br />
* [[Dolcera Services|Dolcera services mindmap]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>[[Technology Support]] </b></font><br />
<br />
<font size = "4"><span style="color:#C41E3A">Like any of these sample reports?</span></font><br />
<p align="center"> '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' <br><br />
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "<br />
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]''' <br />
|-<br />
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
----<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani<br />
|-<br />
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=11092Main Page2015-07-27T11:01:49Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Intellectual Property (IP) Services */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]</font><br />
<br />
== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey; width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVUFcz2dpIM Video])<br />
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsZLUSPn3cg Video])<br />
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]<br />
* [[Non-wovens]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Smart Drug Delivery Systems]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vARe9eBFsq4 Video])<br />
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]<br />
* [[SC Johnson]]<br />
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4fI1rjPjSg Video])<br />
* [[Bio-PET]]<br />
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]<br />
* [[Antibody against TNF]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives in packaging]] <br />
* [[Template - Production Of Therapeutic Glycoproteins|Production of Therapeutic Glycoproteins]]<br />
* [[Market Research Tools Landscape]]<br />
<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]<br />
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]<br />
* [[Insurance sector]]<br />
* [[CDMA Basics]]<br />
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|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani<br />
|-<br />
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|-<br />
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Choline_Bitartarate&diff=11091Choline Bitartarate2015-07-27T10:48:44Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dashboard */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Overview==<br />
*Choline is an organic compound, usually grouped within the Vitamin B complex. There are eight B vitamins in the Vitamin B complex family. Although each performs a different function in the body, they all work together to maintain good health.<br />
[[Image:CBT Image.jpg|Right|250px|thumb|'''Structure of Choline bitartrate''' [http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6900#Synonyms Source]]]<br />
*Choline is available in various forms namely, choline bitartrate, choline citrate,choline chloride and others.<br />
* '''Choline Bitartrate''' (L(+) choline bitartrate) is a colorless or white crystal powder, which is a water-soluble part of the B Vitamin family. Its IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium; (2R,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-oxobutanoate and CAS Registry Number is : 87-67-2. [http://www.chemicalregister.com/D_-_Choline_Bitartrate/Suppliers/pid56388.htm Source]<br />
*The body needs B vitamins to manufacture neurotransmitters, chemicals that control alertness and mood by speeding nerve signals through the brain. <br />
* As B vitamins are water soluble, they are excreted in the urine and can be quickly depleted from the body. Only a small amount is stored in the body. Because of this, it is important that we take supplements to replenish these important vitamins in our body. [http://www.add-adhd-help-center.com/Ingredients/choline_bitartrate.htm Source]<br />
<br />
* Choline bitartrate is an essential nutrient needed by the nervous system to produce acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that facilitates the transmission of impulses between neurons. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14972364 Source]<br />
<br />
'''Natural Source of Choline bitartrate''': Egg yolk, peanuts, wheat germ, organ meats and legumes. <br />
<br />
'''Health Benefits of Choline Bitartrate''':<br />
* Being a product of vitamin, it can be applied to medicine, healthcare product and food.<br />
* It is a nutritious additive and fat remover, enhance fatty metabolism and eliminate the accumulation of fat in liver.<br />
* Influence muscle contractions, movement, coordination and enhance memory. <br />
* Involved in higher level brain functions like memory, thought and intellect. <br />
* Is vital to the structural integrity of cell walls, the production of amino acids and proteins and the metabolism of fats. <br />
* Aid in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease, manic depression and improve the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease.<br />
<br />
'''Deficiencies in B vitamins causes''': <br />
* Depression or signs of decreased mental functioning.<br />
* Decrease cognitive function.<br />
<br />
==Intellectual Property==<br />
===Search Strategy===<br />
* Databases: USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA <br />
<br />
* Years: From 1836 - To April 18, 2009.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Query'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Choline bitartarate'''<br />
|Full Spec.<br />
|align = "center"|((choline ADJ1 bitartarate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (choline ADJ1 bitartrate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (choline ADJ1 bi ADJ1 tartrate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (2-Hydroxyethyl ADJ1 trimethyl ADJ1 ammonium ADJ1 bitartrate) OR ((2-Hydroxyethyl) ADJ1 trimethyl ADJ1 ammonium ADJ1 bitartrate) OR ((2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium ADJ1 bitartrate))<br />
|align = "center"|'''1016 hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Food & beverage'''<br />
|Claims, Title or Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|(beverage<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR drink<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR juice<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR potion OR tonic OR spirit<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (liquid ADJ1 refreshment) OR Tea OR milk OR coffee OR cocoa OR (liquid ADJ (formulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR preparation<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR capsule<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR caplet<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR tablet<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR powder<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR (Nutri<nowiki>*</nowiki> ADJ supplement<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR Food<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR Meal<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR composition OR (Nutrition<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 adjuvant<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) OR (food NEAR3 supplement<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR formula OR formulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)<br />
|align = "center"|''' 3677912 hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#99CCFF"| <br />
|Combine<br />
|align = "center"|'''1AND 2'''<br />
|align = "center"|''' 881 hits (Unique Records 444)'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===='''STN Search Strategy'''====<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> FILE REGISTRY<br />
<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> UPLOAD STRUCTURE<br />
<br />
'''L1'''<br />
<br />
[[Image:Cholinebitartrate.jpg|thumb|center|750px|'''Cholinebitartrate''']]<br />
<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> D L1<br />
<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> S L1 EXACT SAM<br />
<br />
'''L2'''<br />
<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> D SCAN<br />
<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> S L1 EXACT FULL<br />
<br />
'''L3'''<br />
<br />
SET PLURAL ON PERM<br />
<br />
SET ABBREVIATION ON PERM<br />
<br />
SET SPELLINGS ON PERM<br />
<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> S L3 AND PATENT/DT<br />
<br />
'''L4'''<br />
<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> S L3 NOT PATENT/DT<br />
<br />
'''L5'''<br />
<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> D L4 IALL 1-<br />
<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> D L5 IALL 1-<br />
<br />
=<nowiki>></nowiki> '''LOGOFF Y'''<br />
<br />
----<br />
<br />
===Analysis Taxonomy===<br />
[[image:Choline bitartarate updated.jpeg|center|750 px|thumb|]]<br />
<br />
====IP activity over the years====<br />
<br />
* Maximum number of patents have been filed in the year 2004.<br />
* Patents are published 18 months after application.<br />
<br />
[[Image: CBT IP Trend.jpg|center|700 px|thumb|Graph showing IP Activity Over Years (Assignee versus earliest priority year)]]<br />
<br />
====Top Assignees====<br />
*Council of Scientific & Industrial Research found to be the Top assignees with 3 patents.<br />
* For 2 patent / publications Assignee name is not available.<br />
[[Image:CBT TOP assignee.jpg|center|600 px|thumb|Graph showing Top assignee names]]<br />
<br />
====Patent Focus====<br />
* Patents focusing on Composition.<br />
* Patents focusing on Methods.<br />
* Patents focusing on Composition and Methods.<br />
* Patents focusing on process of prepration.<br />
<br />
[[Image:CBT pie chart.jpg|center|600 px|thumb|Graph showing patents focusing on composition / methods or Both]]<br />
<br />
====Action of Choline bitartrate containing Compositions====<br />
<br />
<mm>[[Choline_bitartrate.mm]]</mm><br />
<br />
====Choline Bitartarate Patents categorised as per formulation====<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF9900"|'''Product form'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF9900"|'''Patent/publication'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF9900"|'''Patent focus'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF9900"|'''Ingredients other than Choline Bitartarate'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF9900"|'''Application'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "16"|'''Beverage / liquid / Drink'''<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040005368%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040005368&RS=DN/20040005368 US20040005368A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition and Method<br />
|1. At least one substance that enhance oxygen uptake such as Gingko A, Caffeine, Green Tea, L-pyroglutamate, Xanthinol nicotinate.<br>2. A protein supplement.<br />
|Used for weight loss.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040191294%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040191294&RS=DN/20040191294 US20040191294A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition, Method, Process of prepration<br />
|1. one or more omega 3 fatty acids.<br>2. milk or milk-based products .<br />
|lowers levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121158%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121158&RS=DN/20060121158 US20060121158A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition<br />
|1. A first ingredient comprising at least one of a polyol, a fiber or a combination thereof.<br>2. Second ingredient comprising calcium. <br>3. Third ingredient comprising at least one of flavanol, stimulant and antioxidant.<br />
| Used for weight management.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5626849.PN.&OS=PN/5626849&RS=PN/5626849 US5626849A]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition and Method<br />
|An essentially dry mixture of chromium, L-carnitine, gamma-linolenic acid, (-) hydroxycitric acid, inositol, antioxidants and herbs.<br />
|A dietary supplement to help facilitate weight loss<br />
|-<br />
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5904948.PN.&OS=PN/5904948&RS=PN/5904948 US5904948A]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition and Process of prepration<br />
|An protein component and a carbohydrate component.<br />
|Nutritional Supplement<br />
|-<br />
|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO2006052231&F=0 WO2006052231A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition and Process of prepration<br />
|Sugar including the carbohydrates, fructose and maltodextrin, and electrolytes chromium, copper, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and citric acid.<br />
|Restoring human growth hormone.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050171034%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050171034&RS=DN/20050171034 US20050171034A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition and Method<br />
|Betaine, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, and N-acetyl-cysteine.<br />
|Promotes decrease of homocysteine levels in humans.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060241077%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060241077&RS=DN/20060241077 US20060241077A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition and Method<br />
|A uridine, an acyl derivative thereof, a uridine phosphate, uracil, or a salt thereof;<br />
|Ameliorating or inhibiting decline in memory or intelligence.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070065456%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070065456&RS=DN/20070065456 US20070065456A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition<br />
|Wasabia japonica, Silybum marianum, Cynara scolymus.<br />
|Nutritional supplement for a human diet.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070248696%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070248696&RS=DN/20070248696 US20070248696A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition and Method<br />
|Dimethylaminoethanol, cytidine 5<nowiki>’</nowiki>-diphosphocholine, turmeric extract, decaffeinated green tea extract, vitamin B1,B5, B6, B12,folic acid, Dimethylglycine, huperzine A, Griffonia simplicifolia extract and 1-phenylalanine.<br />
|Improves neuromuscular facilitation and enhances cognitive functions, such as memory and mental focus.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080317868%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080317868&RS=DN/20080317868 US20080317868A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition<br />
|An energy content, a protein fraction, a lipids fraction, a nucleotide fraction and a mineral fraction.<br />
|An anti-allergic infant formulation.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4497800.PN.&OS=PN/4497800&RS=PN/4497800 US4497800A]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition<br />
|A protein equivalent, a suitable lipid, a carbohydrate component , essential vitamins , minerals and an emulsion stabilizer.<br />
|Providing nourishment for a human patient in need of such nourishment .<br />
|-<br />
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4499076.PN.&OS=PN/4499076&RS=PN/4499076 US4499076A]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition<br />
|Essential amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins namely vitamin A, B1, B6, B12, C, D2, E, K1, calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid amide, biotin, folic acid or choline bitartrate and minerals.<br />
|New elemental diets for liver diseases.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4837219.PN.&OS=PN/4837219&RS=PN/4837219 US4837219A]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition, Method, Process of prepration<br />
|L-Tyrosine, L-Phenylalanime, L-Leucine, Zinc (from Zinc Gluconate) and Copper (from Copper Gluconate).<br />
|A medication for Alzheimer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s disease.<br />
|-<br />
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5437880.PN.&OS=PN/5437880&RS=PN/5437880 US5437880A]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition<br />
|Digestible saccharide and a carotenoid.<br />
|A health drink<br />
|-<br />
|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO9415488&F=0 WO1994015488A2]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition<br />
|Carbohydrate, electrolyte, ammonia neutralizer, energy enhancer namely choline Bitartrate and others , antioxidant, neuromuscular function enhancer.<br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''Foodstuff'''<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050208191%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050208191&RS=DN/20050208191 US20050208191A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition and Process of prepration<br />
|Whole wheat, Roasted (defatted) soy Peanut paste, Sesame seed paste Sesame seed , Wheat germ (roasted), Non fat dry milk, Sugar Powder, Liquid, Lecithin, Sodium Chloride, mmonium bicarbonate, vitamins and others.<br />
|Nutritious baked snack food with high protein content<br />
|-<br />
|[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO2005087018&F=0 WO2005087018A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Composition and Process of prepration<br />
|vegetable sources as wheat flout, roasted peanut paste, sesame seed, soybean flour and well balanced mixture of vitamins, minerals and others.<br />
|Food stuff for children and adult supplementing their nutritional requirement.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
====Choline Bitartarate containing compositions====<br />
*Composition components matrix showing all the ingredients used along with Choline Bitartarate.<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99" colspan = "13"|<font size = "1">'''Beverage / liquid / Drink'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Patent/Publication No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Amino acids'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Antioxidant'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Carbohydrates / Sugars'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Energy Source / Enhancer'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Fatty Acids / A lipid Source'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Herbal Extracts'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Minerals'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Proteins'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Stimulant'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Vitamins'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Vegetable Sources'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|<font size = "1">'''Others'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040005368%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040005368&RS=DN/20040005368 US20040005368A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1">Caffeine, Green Tea</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Oxygen uptake enhancing substance.</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040191294%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040191294&RS=DN/20040191294 US20040191294A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Milk or milk-based products</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121158%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121158&RS=DN/20060121158 US20060121158A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Flavanol</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5626849.PN.&OS=PN/5626849&RS=PN/5626849 US5626849A]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">gamma-linolenic acid</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">L-carnitine</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5904948.PN.&OS=PN/5904948&RS=PN/5904948 US5904948A]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Maltodextrin</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1">Whey , milk or vegetable</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO2006052231&F=0 WO2006052231A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1">leucine, isoleucine, valine and arginine.</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050171034%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050171034&RS=DN/20050171034 US20050171034A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1">N-acetyl-cysteine</font><br />
|<font size = "1">Alpha-lipoic acid</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Zn</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">A, B, C, E</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Betaine</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060241077%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060241077&RS=DN/20060241077 US20060241077A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Uridine or its derivative</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070065456%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070065456&RS=DN/20070065456 US20070065456A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Green tea extract</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Taurine</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Wasabia japonica, Silybum marianum and Cynara scolymus.</font><br />
|<font size = "1">Mn, Se Zn</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070248696%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070248696&RS=DN/20070248696 US20070248696A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">B1,B5, B6, B12,folic acid</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Dimethylaminoethanol, cytidine 5<nowiki>’</nowiki>-diphosphocholine, turmeric extract, Green tea extract</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080317868%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080317868&RS=DN/20080317868 US20080317868A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Nucleotide fraction</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4497800.PN.&OS=PN/4497800&RS=PN/4497800 US4497800A]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4499076.PN.&OS=PN/4499076&RS=PN/4499076 US4499076A]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1">Essential AA<nowiki>’</nowiki>S</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Calcium pantothenate, nicotinic acid amide, biotin, folic acid</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4837219.PN.&OS=PN/4837219&RS=PN/4837219 US4837219A]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1">L-Tyrosine, L-Phenylalanime, L-Leucine</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Zn and Cu</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5437880.PN.&OS=PN/5437880&RS=PN/5437880 US5437880A]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1">Digestible saccharide</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">A B, C, D, E and K .</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Carotenoids</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO9415488&F=0 WO1994015488A2]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|align = "center"|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1">choline Bitartrate</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Neuromuscular function enhancer</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99" colspan = "13"|<font size = "1">'''Foodstuff'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050208191%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050208191&RS=DN/20050208191 US20050208191A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">Fe, Zn, Cu, I ,</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1">Sesame seed paste Sesame seed</font><br />
|<font size = "1">Whole wheat, Roasted (defatted) soy Peanut paste, Wheat germ (roasted), Non fat dry milk</font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=WO2005087018&F=0 WO2005087018A1]</u></font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1"> </font><br />
|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|<font size = "1">Wheat flour, roasted peanut paste, sesame seed, soybean flour</font><br />
|<font size = "1">x</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
*'''[[Media:cbt composition matrix.xls|Click here]]''' for Composition matrix showing all the ingredients used along with Choline Bitartarate.<br />
<br />
===Patent Analysis Sheets===<br />
<br />
*'''[[Media:All Patent Analysis sheet.xls|Click here for all Patents spread sheet - Total count: 444]]'''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Media:cbt Patent Analysis sheet.xls|Click here for the complete Analysis spread sheet ON Target count: 22]]'''<br />
<br />
* '''[[Media:Other than cbt ingredients.xls|Click here]]''' for list of ingredients that are in combination with Choline Bitartarate, obtained from Patents.<br />
<br />
===Scientific Literature Analysis===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Title'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Citations'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''Publication Date'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''Results / Statastical data'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''Dolcera Summary'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''<br />
|Effect of choline supplementation on fatigue in trained cyclists.<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7674870 Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 May;27(5):668-73.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|1995-05-01<br />
|1. Twenty male cyclists (ages 23-29) with maximal aerobic power (VO2max) between 58 and 81 ml.min-1.kg-1 were randomly divided into BRIEF (N = 10) and PROLONGED (N = 10) groups. <br>2. One hour after drinking a beverage with or without choline bitartrate (2.43 g), cyclists began riding at a power output equivalent to approximately 150% (BRIEF) and 70% (PROLONGED) of VO2max at a cadence of 80-90 rpm. <br>3.Time to exhaustion, indirect calorimetry and serum choline, lactate, and glucose were measured.<br />
|Trained cyclists do not deplete choline during supramaximal brief or prolonged submaximal exercise, nor do they benefit from choline supplementation to delay fatigue under given conditions.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
*'''[[Media:cbt Non_Patent Analysis sheet.xls|Click here for Scientific Literature Analysis spread sheet]]'''<br />
<br />
==Dashboard==<br />
* Click at this link for '''[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=554 Dashboard]'''</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Wind_Energy&diff=11090Wind Energy2015-07-27T09:54:05Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dolcera Dashboard */</p>
<hr />
<div>This report presents a brief introduction to wind energy and technologies available for horizontal wind turbines. A detailed taxonomy for horizontal axis wind turbines is presented covering parts of the turbine, control systems, applications among others. A detailed landscape analysis of patent and non-patent literature is done with a focus on Doubly-fed Induction Generators (DFIG) used in the horizontal axis wind turbines for efficient power generation. The product information of major players in the market is also captured for Doubly-fed Induction Generators. The final section of the report covers the existing and future market predictions for wind energy-based power generation.<br />
[[Image:Wind_Flowchart.PNG|right|580px|thumb|Process Flow]]<br />
<br />
<br><br />
=Introduction=<br />
* We have been using wind power at least since 5000 BC to propel sailboats and sailing ships, and architects have used wind-driven natural ventilation in buildings since similarly ancient times. The use of wind to provide mechanical power came later.<br />
* Harnessing renewable alternative energy is the ideal way to tackle the energy crisis, with due consideration given to environmental pollution, that looms large over the world.<br />
<br />
* Renewable energy is also called "clean energy" or "green power" because it doesn’t pollute the air or the water. Wind energy is one such renewable energy source that harnesses natural wind power.<br> <br />
== Read More? ==<br />
Click on '''[[Wind Energy Background]]''' to read more about wind energy.<br />
<br />
In order to overcome the problems associated with fixed speed wind turbine system and to maximize the wind energy capture, many new wind farms are employing variable speed wind energy conversion systems (WECS) with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). It is the most popular and widely used scheme for the wind generators due to its advantages.<br />
<br />
For variable-speed systems with limited variable-speed range, e.g. ±30% of synchronous speed, the doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) can be an interesting solution. This is mainly due to the fact that the power electronic converter only has to handle a fraction (20-30%) of the total power as the converters are connected to the rotor and not to the stator. Therefore, the losses in the power electronic converter can be reduced, compared to a system where the converter has to handle the total power. The overall structure of wind power generation through DFIG as shown in the figure below.<br />
<br />
=Market Research=<br />
==The History of Wind Energy==<br />
<br />
To read about '''the History of Wind Energy''', '''[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_History_of_Wind_Energy click here]'''<br />
<br />
==Global Wind Energy Market==<br />
===Market Overview===<br />
* In the year 2010, the wind capacity reached worldwide '''196’630 Megawatt''', after '''159’050 MW''' in 2009, '''120’903 MW''' in 2008, and '''93’930 MW''' in 2007.<br />
[[Image:World_Installed2.PNG|center|600px|thumb|Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]<br />
* Wind power showed a growth rate of '''23.6 %''', the lowest growth since 2004 and the second lowest growth of the past decade.<br />
* For the first time in more than two decades, the market for new wind turbines was smaller than in the previous year and reached an overall size of '''37’642 MW''', after 38'312 MW in 2009.<br />
[[Image:New.PNG|center|600px|thumb|Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]<br />
* All wind turbines installed by the end of 2010 worldwide can generate '''430 Tera watt hours per annum''', more than the total electricity demand of the United Kingdom, the sixth largest economy of the world, and equaling 2.5 % of the global electricity consumption.<br />
* In the year 2010, altogether '''83 countries''', one more than in 2009, used wind energy for electricity generation. 52 countries increased their total installed capacity, after 49 in the previous year.<br />
* The turnover of the wind sector worldwide reached '''40 billion Euros (55 billion US$) in 2010''', after 50 billion Euros (70 billion US$) in the year 2009. The decrease is due to lower prices for wind turbines and a shift towards China.<br />
* China became number one in total installed capacity and the center of the international wind industry, and added '''18’928 Megawatt''' within one year, accounting for more than 50 % of the world market for new wind turbines.<br />
* The wind sector in 2010 employed '''670’000 persons''' worldwide.<br />
* Nuclear disaster in Japan and oil spill in Gulf of Mexico will have long-term impact on the prospects of wind energy. Governments need to urgently reinforce their wind energy policies.<br />
* WWEA sees a global capacity of '''600’000 Megawatt''' as possible by the year 2015 and more than '''1’500’000 Megawatt''' by the year 2020.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]<br />
<br />
===Global Market Forecast===<br />
* Global Wind Energy Outlook 2010, provides forecast under [http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Forecast_Scenarios three different scenarios] - Reference, Moderate and Advanced.<br />
* The Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity is estimated to reach 572,733 MW by the year 2030, under the Reference Scenario<br />
* The Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity is estimated to reach 1,777,550 MW by the year 2030, under the Moderate Scenario<br />
* The Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity is estimated to reach 2,341,984 MW by the year 2030, under the Advanced Scenario<br />
* The following chart shows the Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity Forecast,under the different scenarios:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Global_Forecast.PNG|center|1080px|thumb|Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity Forecast, Source: [http://www.gwec.net/fileadmin/documents/Publications/GWEO%202010%20final.pdf Global Wind Energy Outlook 2010]]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.gwec.net/fileadmin/documents/Publications/GWEO%202010%20final.pdf Global Wind Energy Outlook 2010]<br />
<br />
===Market Growth Rates===<br />
* The growth rate is the relation between the new installed wind power capacity and the installed capacity of the previous year.<br />
* With '''23.6 %''', the year 2010 showed the second lowest growth rate of the last decade.<br />
<br />
[[Image:World_Market_Growth Rates.PNG|center|600px|thumb|World Market Growth Rates, Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]<br />
<br />
* Before 2010, the annual growth rate had continued to increase since the year 2004, '''peaking in 2009 at 31.7%''', the highest rate since 2001.<br />
* The highest growth rates of the year 2010 by country can be found in '''Romania''', which increased its capacity by 40 times.<br />
* The second country with a growth rate of more than 100 % was '''Bulgaria (112%)'''.<br />
* In the year 2009, four major wind markets had more than doubled their wind capacity: '''China, Mexico, Turkey, and Morocco'''.<br />
* Next to China, strong growth could be found mainly in '''Eastern European and South Eastern European''' countries: Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Croatia and Cyprus, and Belgium.<br />
* Africa (with the exception of Egypt and Morocco) and Latin America (with the exception of Brazil), are again lagging behind the rest of the world in the commercial use of wind power. <br />
* The Top 10 countries by Growth Rate are shown in the figure listed below (only markets bigger than 200 MW have been considered):<br />
<br />
[[Image:Top_Growth_Countries.PNG|center|600px|thumb|Top Countries by Market Growth Rates, Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]<br />
<br />
==Geographical Market Distribution==<br />
* China became number one in total installed capacity and the center of the international wind industry, and added '''18'928 Megawatt''' within one year, accounting for more than 50 % of the world market for new wind turbines.<br />
* Major decrease in new installations can be observed in North America and the '''USA lost its number one position''' in total capacity to China.<br />
* Many Western European countries are showing stagnation, whereas there is strong growth in a number of Eastern European countries.<br />
* '''Germany''' keeps its number one position in Europe with '''27'215 Megawatt''', followed by Spain with 20'676 Megawatt.<br />
* The highest shares of wind power can be found in three European countries: '''Denmark (21.0%), Portugal (18.0 %) and Spain (16.0%)'''.<br />
* '''Asia''' accounted for the largest share of new installations '''(54.6%)''', followed by '''Europe (27.0%)''' and '''North America (16.7 %)'''.<br />
* '''Latin America (1.2%)''' and '''Africa (0.4%)''' still played only a marginal role in new installations.<br />
* Africa: North Africa represents still lion share of installed capacity, wind energy plays hardly a role yet in Sub-Sahara Africa.<br />
* Nuclear disaster in Japan and oil spill in Gulf of Mexico will have long-term impact on the prospects of wind energy. Governments need to urgently reinforce their wind energy policies.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]<br />
<br />
The regional breakdowns for the period 2009-2030 has been provided for the following three scenarios:<br />
;# [[Regional Breakdown: Reference scenario (GWEO 2010)]]<br />
;# [[Regional Breakdown: Moderate scenario (GWEO 2010)]]<br />
;# [[Regional Breakdown: Advanced scenario (GWEO 2010)]]<br />
<br />
''Note: To know more about the '''Forecast Scenarios''' [http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Forecast_Scenarios click here]''<br />
<br />
==Country-wise Market Distribution==<br />
<br />
* In 2010, the Chinese wind market represented more than half of the world market for new wind turbines adding '''18.9 GW''', which equals a market share of '''50.3%'''.<br />
* A sharp decrease in new capacity happened in the USA whose share in new wind turbines fell down to '''14.9% (5.6 GW)''', after 25.9% or 9.9 GW in<br />
the year 2009.<br />
* '''Nine further countries''' could be seen as major markets, with turbine sales in a range '''between 0.5 and 1.5 GW''': Germany, Spain, India, United<br />
Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, Sweden and the Eastern European newcomer Romania.<br />
* Further, '''12 markets''' for new turbines had a medium size '''between 100 and 500 MW''': Turkey, Poland, Portugal, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Japan, Bulgaria, Greece, Egypt, Ireland, and Mexico.<br />
* By end of 2010, '''20 countries''' had installations of '''more than 1 000 MW''', compared with 17 countries by end of 2009 and 11 countries byend of 2005.<br />
* Worldwide, '''39 countries''' had wind farms with '''a capacity of 100 Megawatt''' or more installed, compared with 35 countries one year ago, and 24 countries five years ago.<br />
* The top five countries (USA, China, Germany, Spain and India) represented '''74.2%''' of the worldwide wind capacity, significantly more than 72.9 % in the year.<br />
* The '''USA and China''' together represented '''43.2%''' of the global wind capacity (up from 38.4 % in 2009).<br />
* The newcomer on the list of countries using wind power commercially is a Mediterranean country, '''Cyprus''', which for the first time installed a larger grid-connected wind farm, with 82 MW.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]<br />
<br />
The top 10 countries by Total Installed Capacity for the year 2010, is illustrated in the chart below:<br />
[[Image:Top_Installed_Countries.PNG|center|600px|thumb|Top Countries by Market Growth Rates, Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]<br />
<br />
To view the Top 10 countries by different other parameters for the year 2010, click on the links below:<br />
;# [[Top 10 countries by Total New Installed Capacity]]<br />
;# [[Top 10 countries by Capacity per Capita (kW/cap)]]<br />
;# [[Top 10 countries by Capacity per Land Area (kW/sq. km)]]<br />
;# [[Top 10 countries by Capacity per GDP (kW/ million USD)]]<br />
<br />
To view the '''[[Country-wise Installed Wind Power Capacity]]''' (MW) 2002-2010 (Source: World Wind Energy Association), '''[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Country-wise_Installed_Wind_Power_Capacity click here]'''<br />
<br />
==Country Profiles==<br />
===China===<br />
<br>'''Wind Energy Outlook for China - 2011 & Beyond'''<br />
<br>Despite its rapid and seemingly unhampered expansion, the<br />
Chinese wind power sector continues to face significant<br />
challenges, including issues surrounding grid access and<br />
integration, reliability of turbines and a coherent strategy for<br />
developing China’s offshore wind resource. These issues will<br />
be prominent during discussions around the twelfth Five-Year<br />
Plan, which will be passed in March 2011. According to the<br />
draft plan, this is expected to reflect the Chinese<br />
government’s continuous and reinforced commitment to<br />
wind power development, with national wind energy targets<br />
of 90 GW for 2015 and 200 GW for 2020.<br />
<br />
For a detailed country profile of China please visit this [[China Wind Energy Profile Link]]<br />
<br />
===India===<br />
<br>'''Wind Energy Main market developments in 2010'''<br />
<br>Today the Indian market is emerging as one of the major<br />
manufacturing hubs for wind turbines in Asia. Currently,<br />
seventeen manufacturers have an annual production capacity<br />
of 7,500 MW. According to the WISE, the annual wind turbine<br />
manufacturing capacity in India is likely to exceed<br />
17,000 MW by 2013.<br />
<br>The Indian market is expanding with the leading wind<br />
companies like Suzlon, Vestas, Enercon, RRB Energy and GE<br />
now being joined by new entrants like Gamesa, Siemens, and<br />
WinWinD, all vying for a greater market share. Suzlon, however,<br />
is still the market leader with a market share of over 50%.<br />
<br>The Indian wind industry has not been significantly affected<br />
by the financial and economic crises. Even in the face of a<br />
global slowdown, the Indian annual wind power market has<br />
grown by almost 68%. However, it needs to be pointed out<br />
that the strong growth in 2010 might have been stimulated<br />
by developers taking advantage of the accelerated<br />
depreciation before this option is phased out.<br />
<br />
For a detailed country profile of India please visit this [[India Wind Energy Profile Link]]<br />
<br />
==Market Share Analysis==<br />
===Global Market Share===<br />
* Vestas leads the Global Market in the 2010 with a 12% market share according to Make Consulting, while BTM Consulting reports it to have a 14.8% market share.<br />
* According to Make Consulting, the global market share of Vestas has decreased from 19% in 2008, to 14.5% in 2009, to 12% in 2010.<br />
* According to BTM Consulting, the global market share of Vestas has changed from 19% in 2008, to 12% in 2009, to 14.8% in 2010.<br />
* According to Make Consulting, the global market share of GE Energy has decreased from 18% in 2008, to 12.5% in 2009, to 10% in 2010.<br />
* The market share of world no. 2 Sinovel, has been constantly increasing, from 5% in 2008 , to 9.3% in 2009, to 11% in 2010<br />
* The top 5 companies have been occupying more than half of the Global Market Share from 2008 to 2010<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.make-consulting.com Make Consulting], [http://www.btmgcs.com/ BTM Global Consulting]<br />
<br />
The chart given below illustrates the Global Market Share Comparison of Major Wind Energy Companies for the period 2008-2010, as provided by two different agencies, Make Consulting and BTM Consulting:<br />
[[Image:Market_Share_Comparison.JPG|center|1080px|thumb|Global Market Share Comparison of Major Companies for the period 2008-2010<br />
, Source: [http://www.make-consulting.com Make Consulting], [http://www.btmgcs.com/ BTM Global Consulting]]]<br />
<br />
===Market Share - Top 10 Markets===<br />
* While Vestas is the Global Leader, it is the leader in only one of Top 10 markets, which is 10<sup>th</sup> placed Sweden<br />
* But, Vestas is ranked 2<sup>nd</sup> in 5 of Top 10 markets<br />
* Sinovel, ranked 2<sup>nd</sup> globally, features only once in the Top 3 Companies list in the Top 10 markets, but scores globally because it leads the largest market China<br />
* The table given below illustrates the Top 3 players in Top 10 Wind Energy Markets of the world:<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Market'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''MW'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''No. 1'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''No. 2'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''No. 3'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''China'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|18928<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sinovel<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Goldwind<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Dongfang<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''USA'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5115<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE Energy<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''India'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2139<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Germany'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1551<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''UK'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1522<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Spain'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1516<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE Energy<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''France'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1186<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Italy'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|948<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Canada'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|690<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE Energy<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Sweeden'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|604<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1" colspan = "5"|''Source: BTM Consult - part of Navigant Consulting - March 2011''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.btm.dk/reports/world+market+update+2010 BTM Consult]<br />
<br />
==Company Profiles==<br />
<br />
# '''[[Vestas Wind Systems A/S]]'''<br />
# '''[[Suzlon Energy]]'''<br />
<br />
==Major Wind Turbine Suppliers==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Turbine maker'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Rotor blades'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Gear boxes'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Generators'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Towers'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Controllers'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas, LM<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Bosch Rexroth, Hansen, Wingery, Moventas<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Weier, Elin, ABB, LeroySomer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Vestas, NEG, DMI<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cotas (Vestas),<br>NEG (Dancontrol)<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE energy<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|LM, Tecsis<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Wingery, Bosch, Rexroth, Eickhoff, GE<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Loher, GE<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|DMI, Omnical, SIAG<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa, LM<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Echesa (Gamesa), Winergy, Hansen<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Indar (Gamesa), Cantarey<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Ingelectric (Gamesa)<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Direct drive<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|KGW, SAM<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Siemens<br>wind<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens, LM<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Winergy<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|ABB<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Roug, KGW<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Siemens, KK Electronic<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Hansen, Winergy<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Suzlon,<br>Siemens<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Suzlon, Mita Teknik<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Repower<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|LM<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Winergy, Renk, Eickhoff<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|N/A<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|N/A<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Mita Teknik, ReGuard<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nordex<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nordex<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Winergy, Eickhoff, Maag<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Loher<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Nordex, Omnical<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Nordex, Mita Teknik<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1" colspan = "6"|''Source: BTM Consult''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
==Products of Top Companies==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width=”42”|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Product'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Specifications'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|V80<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power: '''2.0 MW, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4-pole, '''Operating Temperature: -'''30°C to 40°<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]</u></font><br />
|V90<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 1.8/2.0 MW, '''Frequency :''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles :''' 4-pole(50 Hz)/6-pole(60 Hz), '''Operating Temperature: -'''30°C to 40°<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|V90 Offshore<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 3.0 MW, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4-pole, '''Operating Temperature: '''-30°C to 40°<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.china-windturbine.com/news/doubly_wind_turbines.htm North Heavy Company]</u></font><br />
|2 MW DFIG<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 2.0 MW, '''Rated Voltage:''' 690V, '''Rated Current:''' 1670A, '''Frequency:''' 50Hz, '''Number of Poles :''' 4-pole, '''Rotor Rated Voltage:''' 1840V, '''Rotor Rated Current''' 670A, '''Rated Speed:''' 1660rpm;''' Power Speed Range: '''520-1950 rpm, '''Insulation Class:''' H, '''Protection Class:''' IP54, '''Motor Temperature Rise''' =<nowiki><</nowiki>95K<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:X9KReq0YEigJ:www.iberdrolarenewables.us/bluecreek/docs/primary/03-Appendices/_Q-Brochure-of-G-90-Turbine/Brochure-G-90-Turbine.pdf+gamesa+g90&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgldaLogi1i5Pg71zE-FO_AMqbeKL5wJiA8LVklgq5ev2in Gamesa]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|G90<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Voltage:''' 690 V, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4, '''Rotational Speed:''' 900:1,900 rpm (rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz); '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class:''' IP 54, '''Power Factor(standard):''' 0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power Factor(Optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]</u></font><br />
| N80<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage:''' 690V, '''Frequency:''' 50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems:''' liquid/air<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| N90<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V,''' Frequency: '''50/60Hz,''' Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]</u></font><br />
|N100<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 2.4 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Frequency: '''50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| N117<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Frequency: '''50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.converteam.com/majic/pageServer/1704040148/en/index.html Converteam]</u></font><br />
|DFIG<br />
|NA<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|11<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://geoho.en.alibaba.com/product/252321923-0/1_5MW_doubly_fed_asynchronous_generator.html Xian Geoho Energy Technology]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1.5MW DFIG<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1550KW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Rated Speed: '''1755 r/min, '''Speed Range: '''975<nowiki>~</nowiki>1970 r/min, '''Number of Poles: '''4-pole, '''Stator Rated Voltage: '''690V±10%, '''Stator Rated Current: '''1115A; '''Rotor Rated Voltage: '''320V, '''Rotor Rated Current: '''430A, '''Winding Connection: '''Y / Y, '''Power Factor: '''0.95(Lead) <nowiki>~</nowiki> 0.95Lag,''' Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Insulation Class: '''H, '''Work Mode: '''S1, '''Installation ModeI: '''M B3, '''Cooling Mode: '''Air cooling, '''Weight: '''6950kg<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|12<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]</u></font><br />
|TW450XX (0.5-1 KW)<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 0.5 -1 KW, '''Rated Voltage: '''460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4/6,''' Ambient Temp.(°C): -'''40 to 50, '''Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed): '''68% to 134%, '''Power Factor (Leading): -'''0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90 , '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency: '''<nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|13<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|TW500XX (1-2 KW)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1-2 kW,''' Rated Voltage:''' 460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency:''' 50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4/6, Ambient Temp.(°C): -40 to 50; '''Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed):''' 68 to 134%, '''Power Factor(Leading): -'''0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90, '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency:''' <nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|14<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]</u></font><br />
|TW560XX (2-3 KW)<br />
|'''Rated Power: '''2-3kW, '''Rated Voltage: '''460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4/6, '''Ambient Temp(°C): ''' -40 to 50, '''Speed Range(% of Synch. Speed)''':''' '''68 to 134%, '''Power Factor(Leading):''' -0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90, '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency:''' <nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%.<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|15<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/West-Branch-Wind-Turbine-Generator-Assembly-Plant.aspx Acciona]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|AW1500<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1.5MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690 V, '''Frequency: '''50 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4, '''Rotational Speed: '''900:1,900 rpm(rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz), '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Power Factor(standard): '''0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power factor(optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|16<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/West-Branch-Wind-Turbine-Generator-Assembly-Plant.aspx Acciona]</u></font><br />
|AW3000<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 3.0MW, '''Rated Voltage: ''' 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4, '''Rotational Speed: '''900:1,900 rpm(rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz), '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Power Factor(standard): '''0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power Factor (optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|17<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://gepower.com/businesses/ge_wind_energy/en/index.htm General Electric]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|GE 1.5/2.5MW<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1.5/2.5 MW, '''Frequency(Hz): '''50/60<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= IP Search & Analysis =<br />
== Doubly-fed Induction Generator: Search Strategy ==<br />
The present study on the IP activity in the area of horizontal axis wind turbines with focus on '''''Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG)''''' is based on a search conducted on Thomson Innovation. <br />
===Control Patents===<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent/Publication No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="15%"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date<br>'''(mm/dd/yyyy)</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Assignee/Applicant'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6278211.PN.&OS=PN/6278211&RS=PN/6278211 US6278211]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|08/02/01<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Sweo Edwin<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Brush-less doubly-fed induction machines employing dual cage rotors<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6954004.PN.&OS=PN/6954004&RS=PN/6954004 US6954004]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|10/11/05<br />
|Spellman High Voltage Electron<br />
|Doubly fed induction machine<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7411309.PN.&OS=PN/7411309&RS=PN/7411309 US7411309]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|08/12/08<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Xantrex Technology<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Control system for doubly fed induction generator<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7485980.PN.&OS=PN/7485980&RS=PN/7485980 US7485980]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|02/03/09<br />
|Hitachi<br />
|Power converter for doubly-fed power generator system<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7800243.PN.&OS=PN/7800243&RS=PN/7800243 US7800243]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|09/21/10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Vestas Wind Systems<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Variable speed wind turbine with doubly-fed induction generator compensated for varying rotor speed<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7830127.PN.&OS=PN/7830127&RS=PN/7830127 US7830127]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|11/09/10<br />
|Wind to Power System<br />
|Doubly-controlled asynchronous generator<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Patent Classes===<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Class No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Class Type'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Definition'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=F03D0009000000 F03D9/00 ]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IPC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Machines or engines for liquids; wind, spring, or weight motors; producing mechanical power or a reactive propulsive thrust, not otherwise provided for / Wind motors / '''Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combination of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven apparatus) '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://v3.espacenet.com/eclasrch?classification=ecla&locale=en_EP&ECLA=f03d9/00c F03D9/00C ]</u></font><br />
|ECLA<br />
|Machines or engines for liquids; wind, spring, or weight motors; producing mechanical power or a reactive propulsive thrust, not otherwise provided for / Wind motors / Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combination of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven apparatus) /''' The apparatus being an electrical generator '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#&refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H02J0003380000 H02J3/38 ]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IPC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Generation, conversion, or distribution of electric power / Circuit arrangements or systems for supplying or distributing electric power; systems for storing electric energy / Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks / '''Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H02K0017420000 H02K17/42 ]<br />
</u></font><br />
|IPC<br />
|Generation, conversion, or distribution of electric power / Dynamo-electric machines / Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators / '''Asynchronous induction generators '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H02P0009000000 H02P9/00 ]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IPC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Generation, conversion, or distribution of electric power / Control or regulation of electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils /''' Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc290/sched290.htm#C290S044000 290/044]</u></font><br />
|USPC<br />
|Prime-mover dynamo plants / electric control / Fluid-current motors / '''Wind '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc290/sched290.htm#C290S055000 290/055]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|USPC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Prime-mover dynamo plants / Fluid-current motors / '''Wind''' <br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc318/sched318.htm#C318S727000 318/727]</u></font><br />
|USPC<br />
|Electricity: motive power systems / '''Induction motor systems '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc322/sched322.htm#C322S047000 322/047]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|USPC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Electricity: single generator systems / Generator control / '''Induction generator '''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Concept Table===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 1'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 2'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 3'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Doubly Fed'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Induction'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Generator'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|doubly fed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|induction<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|generator<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|double output<br />
|asynchronous<br />
|machines<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|dual fed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|systems<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|dual feed<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|dual output<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Thomson Innovation Search===<br />
'''Database:''' Thomson Innovation<br><br />
'''Patent coverage:''' US EP WO JP DE GB FR CN KR DWPI<br> <br />
'''Time line:''' 01/01/1836 to 07/03/2011<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Scope'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Search String'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''No. of Hits'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Doubly-fed Induction Generator: Keywords(broad)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Claims, Title, and Abstract<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|(((((doubl<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR dual<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR two) ADJ3 (power<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR output<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR control<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR fed OR feed<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) NEAR5 (induction OR asynchronous)) NEAR5 (generat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR machine<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dynamo<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR dfig or doig)<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|873<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Doubly-fed Induction Generator: Keywords(broad)<br />
|Full Spec.<br />
|(((((doubl<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR dual<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR two) ADJ3 (power<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR output<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR control<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR fed OR feed<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) NEAR5 (generat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR machine<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dynamo<nowiki>*</nowiki>1))) OR dfig or doig)<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Induction Machine: Classes<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|US, IPC, and ECLA Classes<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|((318/727 OR 322/047) OR (H02K001742))<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Generators: Classes<br />
|US, IPC, and ECLA Classes<br />
|((290/044 OR 290/055) OR (F03D000900C OR H02J000338 OR F03D0009<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H02P0009<nowiki>*</nowiki>))<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|align = "left" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|2 AND 3<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|109<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|align = "left"|2 AND 4<br />
|align = "right"|768<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|French Keywords<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Claims, Title, and Abstract<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|((((doubl<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR dual<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR two OR deux) NEAR4 (nourris OR feed<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR puissance OR sortie<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR contrôle<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) NEAR4 (induction OR asynchron<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) NEAR4 (générateur<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR generator<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR machine<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dynamo<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR dfig or doig)<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|262<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|German Keywords<br />
|Claims, Title, and Abstract<br />
|(((((doppel<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dual OR two OR zwei) ADJ3 (ausgang OR ausgänge OR kontroll<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR control<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR gesteuert OR macht OR feed<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR gefüttert OR gespeiste<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR (doppeltgefüttert OR doppeltgespeiste<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) NEAR4 (((induktion OR asynchronen) NEAR4 (generator<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR maschine<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dynamo<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR (induktion?maschinen OR induktion?generatoren OR asynchronmaschine OR asynchrongenerator))) OR dfig)<br />
|align = "right"|306<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Doubly-fed Induction Generator: Keywords(narrow)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Full Spec.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|(((((((doubl<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR dual<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) ADJ3 (power<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR output<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR control<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR fed OR feed<nowiki>*</nowiki>3))) NEAR5 (generat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR machine<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dynamo<nowiki>*</nowiki>1))) SAME wind) OR (dfig SAME wind))<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1375<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
| Top Assignees<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|(vestas* OR (gen* ADJ2 electric*) OR ge OR hitachi OR woodward OR repower OR areva OR gamesa OR ingeteam OR nordex OR siemens OR (abb ADJ2 research) OR (american ADJ2 superconductor*) OR (korea ADJ2 electro*) OR (univ* NEAR3 navarra) OR (wind OR technolog*) OR (wind ADJ2 to ADJ2 power))<br />
|align = "center"|-<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|11<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|2 AND 10<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|690<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|12<br />
|Top Inventors<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|((Andersen NEAR2 Brian) OR (Engelhardt NEAR2 Stephan) OR (Ichinose NEAR2 Masaya) OR (Jorgensen NEAR2 Allan NEAR2 Holm) OR ((Scholte ADJ2 Wassink) NEAR2 Hartmut) OR (OOHARA NEAR2 Shinya) OR (Rivas NEAR2 Gregorio) OR (Erdman NEAR2 William) OR (Feddersen NEAR2 Lorenz) OR (Fortmann NEAR2 Jens) OR (Garcia NEAR2 Jorge NEAR2 Martinez) OR (Gertmar NEAR2 Lars) OR (KROGH NEAR2 Lars) OR (LETAS NEAR2 Heinz NEAR2 Hermann) OR (Lopez NEAR2 Taberna NEAR2 Jesus) OR (Nielsen NEAR2 John) OR (STOEV NEAR2 Alexander) OR (W?ng NEAR2 Haiqing) OR (Yuan NEAR2 Xiaoming))<br />
|align = "center"|-<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|13<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1" |Combined Query<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|((3 OR 4) AND 10)<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|899<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|14<br />
|Final Query<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|1 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 11 OR 13<br />
|'''2466(1060 INPADOC Families)'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
*''Use the mouse(click and drag/scroll up or down/click on nodes) to explore nodes in the detailed taxonomy''<br />
*''Click on the red arrow adjacent to the node name to view the content for that particular node in the dashboard'' <br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|<mm>[[Doubly_fed_Induction_Generator.mm|Interactive Mind-map|center|flash|Doubly-fed Induction Generator|600pt]]</mm><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sample Analysis==<br />
A sample of 139 patents from the search is analyzed based on the taxonomy.<br />
Provided a link below for sample spread sheet analysis for doubly-fed induction generators.<br><br />
===Patent Analysis===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" |<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent/Publication No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width="105"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date<br>'''(mm/dd/yyyy)</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Assignee/Applicant'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Dolcera Analysis'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Problem'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Solution'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100117605%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100117605&RS=DN/20100117605 US20100117605]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|05/13/10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Woodward<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Method of and apparatus for operating a double-fed asynchronous machine in the event of transient mains voltage changes<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|The short-circuit-like currents in the case of transient mains voltage changes lead to a corresponding air gap torque which loads the drive train and transmission lines can damages or reduces the drive train and power system equipments.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|The method presents that the stator connecting with the network and the rotor with a converter. The converter is formed to set a reference value of electrical amplitude in the rotor, by which a reference value of the electrical amplitude is set in the rotor after attaining a transient mains voltage change, such that the rotor flux approaches the stator flux.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100045040%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100045040&RS=DN/20100045040 US20100045040]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|02/25/10<br />
|Vestas Wind Systems<br />
|Variable speed wind turbine with doubly-fed induction generator compensated for varying rotor speed<br />
|The DFIG system has poor damping of oscillations within the flux dynamics due to cross coupling between active and reactive currents, which makes the system potentially unstable under certain circumstances and complicates the work of the rotor current controller. These oscillations can damage the drive train mechanisms.<br />
|A compensation block is arranged, which feeds a compensation control output to the rotor of the generator. The computation unit computes the control output during operation of the turbine to compensate partly for dependencies on a rotor angular speed of locations of poles of a generator transfer function, so that the transfer function is made independent of variations in the speed during operation of the turbine which eliminates the oscillations and increases the efficiency of the wind turbine.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090267572%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090267572&RS=DN/20090267572 US20090267572]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|10/29/09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Woodward<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Current limitation for a double-fed asynchronous machine<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Abnormal currents can damage the windings in the doubly- fed induction generator. Controlling these currents with the subordinate current controllers cannot be an efficient way to extract the maximum amount of active power.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|The method involves delivering or receiving of a maximum permissible reference value of an active power during an operation of a double-fed asynchronous machine, where predetermined active power and reactive power reference values are limited to a calculated maximum permissible active and reactive power reference values, and hence ensures reliable regulated effect and reactive power without affecting the power adjustment, the rotor is electrically connected to a pulse-controlled inverter by slip rings with a static frequency changer, and thus a tension with variable amplitude and frequency is imposed in the rotor.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008944%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008944&RS=DN/20090008944 US20090008944]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|01/08/09<br />
|Universidad Publica De Navarra<br />
|Method and system of control of the converter of an electricity generation facility connected to an electricity network in the presence of voltage sags in said network<br />
|Double-fed asynchronous generators are very sensitive to the faults that may arise in the electricity network, such as voltage sags. During the sag conditions the current which appears in said converter may reach very high values, and may even destroy it.<br />
|During the event of a voltage sag occurring, the converter imposes a new set point current which is the result of adding to the previous set point current a new term, called demagnetizing current, It is proportional to a value of free flow of a generator stator. A difference between a value of a magnetic flow in the stator of the generator and a value of a stator flow associated to a direct component of a stator voltage is estimated. A value of a preset calculated difference is multiplied by a factor for producing the demagnetizing current.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7355295.PN.&OS=PN/7355295&RS=PN/7355295 US7355295]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|04/08/08<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Ingeteam Energy<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Variable speed wind turbine having an exciter machine and a power converter not connected to the grid<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|a) The active switching of the semiconductors of the grid side converter injects undesirable high frequency harmonics to the grid.<br>b) The use of power electronic converters (4) connected to the grid (9) causes harmonic distortion of the network voltage.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Providing the way that power is only delivered to the grid through the stator of the doubly fed induction generator, avoiding undesired harmonic distortion. <br>Grid Flux Orientation (GFO) is used to accurately control the power injected to the grid. An advantage of this control system is that it does not depend on machine parameters, which may vary significantly, and theoretical machine models, avoiding the use of additional adjusting loops and achieving a better power quality fed into the utility grid.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080203978%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080203978&RS=DN/20080203978 US20080203978]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|08/28/08<br />
|Semikron<br />
|Frequency converter for a double-fed asynchronous generator with variable power output and method for its operation<br />
|Optislip circuit with a resistor is used when speed is above synchronous speed, results in heating the resistor and thus the generator leads to limitation of operation in super synchronous range which results in tower fluctuations.<br />
|Providing a back-to-back converter which contains the inverter circuit has direct current (DC) inputs, DC outputs, and a rotor-rectifier connected to a rotor of a dual feed asynchronous generator. A mains inverter is connected to a power grid, and an intermediate circuit connects one of the DC inputs with the DC outputs. The intermediate circuit has a semiconductor switch between the DC outputs, an intermediate circuit condenser between the DC inputs, and a diode provided between the semiconductor switch and the condenser. Thus the system is allowed for any speed of wind and reduces the tower fluctuations.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070210651%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070210651&RS=DN/20070210651 US20070210651]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|09/13/07<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Hitachi<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Power converter for doubly-fed power generator system<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|During the ground faults, excess currents is induced in the secondary windings and flows into power converter connected to secondary side and may damage the power converter. Conventional methods of increasing the capacity of the power converter increases system cost, degrade the system and takes time to activate the system to supply power again.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|The generator provided with a excitation power converter connected to secondary windings of a doubly-fed generator via impedance e.g. reactor, and a diode rectifier connected in parallel to the second windings of the doubly-fed generator via another impedance. A direct current link of the rectifier is connected in parallel to a DC link of the converter. A controller outputs an on-command to a power semiconductor switching element of the converter if a value of current flowing in the power semiconductor switching element is a predetermined value or larger.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070132248%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070132248&RS=DN/20070132248 US20070132248]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|06/14/07<br />
|General Electric<br />
|System and method of operating double fed induction generators<br />
|Wind turbines with double fed induction generators are sensitive to grid faults. Conventional methods are not effective to reduce the shaft stress during grid faults and slow response and using dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is cost expensive.<br />
|The protection system has a controlled impedance device. Impedance device has bidirectional semiconductors such triac, assembly of thyristors or anti-parallel thyristors. Each of the controlled impedance devices is coupled between a respective phase of a stator winding of a double fed induction generator and a respective phase of a grid side converter. The protection system also includes a controller configured for coupling and decoupling impedance in one or more of the controlled impedance devices in response to changes in utility grid voltage and a utility grid current. High impedance is offered to the grid during network faults to isolate the dual fed wind turbine generator.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060192390%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060192390&RS=DN/20060192390 US20060192390]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|08/31/06<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Gamesa Innovation<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Control and protection of a doubly-fed induction generator system<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|A short-circuit in the grid causes the generator to feed high stator-currents into the short-circuit and the rotor-currents increase very rapidly which cause damage to the power-electronic components of the converter connecting the rotor windings with the rotor-inverter.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|The converter is provided with a clamping unit which is triggered from a non-operation state to an operation state, during detection of over-current in the rotor windings. The clamping unit comprises passive voltage-dependent resistor element for providing a clamping voltage over the rotor windings when the clamping unit is triggered.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050189896%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050189896&RS=DN/20050189896 US20050189896]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|09/01/05<br />
|ABB Research<br />
|Method for controlling doubly-fed machine<br />
|Controlling the double fed machines on the basis of inverter control to implement the targets set for the machine, this model is extremely complicated and includes numerous parameters that are often to be determined.<br />
|A method is provided to use a standard scalar-controlled frequency converter for machine control. A frequency reference for the inverter with a control circuit, and reactive power reference are set for the machine. A rotor current compensation reference is set based on reactive power reference and reactive power. A scalar-controlled inverter is controlled for producing voltage for the rotor of the machine, based on the set frequency reference and rotor current compensation reference.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
Click '''[[Media:Doublyfed_induction_generator1.xls| here]]''' to view the detailed analysis sheet for doubly-fed induction generators patent analysis.<br />
<br />
===Article Analysis===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="105"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date<br>'''(mm/dd/yyyy)</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Journal/Conference'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Dolcera Summary'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1709031&queryText=Study+on+the+Control+of+DFIG+and+Its+Responses+to+Grid+Disturbances&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+All Study on the Control of DFIG and its Responses to Grid Disturbances ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|01/01/06<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE <br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Presented dynamic model of the DFIG, including mechanical model, generator model, and PWM voltage source converters. Vector control strategies adapted for both the RSC and GSC to control speed and reactive power independently. Control designing methods, such as pole-placement method and the internal model control are used. MATLAB/Simulink is used for simulation. <br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1649950&queryText=Application+of+Matrix+Converter+for+Variable+Speed+Wind+Turbine+Driving+an+Doubly+Fed+Induction+Generator&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+All Application of Matrix Converter for Variable Speed Wind Turbine Driving an Doubly Fed Induction Generator ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|05/23/06<br />
|Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, 2006. SPEEDAM 2006. <br />
|A matrix converter is replaced with back to back converter in a variable speed wind turbine using doubly fed induction generator. Stable operation is achieved by stator flux oriented control technique and the system operated in both sub and super synchronous modes, achieved good results. <br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4778305&queryText=Optimal+Power+Control+Strategy+of+Maximizing+Wind+Energy+Tracking+and+Conversion+for+VSCF+Doubly+Fed+Induction+Generator+System&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+Al Optimal Power Control Strategy of Maximizing Wind Energy Tracking and Conversion for VSCF Doubly Fed Induction Generator System ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|08/14/06<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006. IPEMC 2006. CES/IEEE 5th International <br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Proposed a new optimal control strategy of maximum wind power extraction strategies and testified by simulation. The control algorithm also used to minimize the losses in the generator. The dual passage excitation control strategy is applied to decouple the active and reactive powers. With this control system, the simulation results show the good robustness and high generator efficiency is achieved. <br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:HqaFsMBhchcJ:iris.elf.stuba.sk/JEEEC/data/pdf/3_108-8.pdf+A+TORQUE+TRACKING+CONTROL+ALGORITHM+FOR+DOUBLY–FED+INDUCTION+GENERATOR&hl=enπd=bl&srcid=ADGEESgbHXoAbKe4O7b5DnykDc7h_LaHwCMIhkVrGX_whx4iUuE4Mc-3Rfq1DyW_h A Torque Tracking Control algorithm for Doubly–fed Induction Generator ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|01/01/08<br />
|Journal of Electrical Engineering<br />
|Proposed a torque tracking control algorithm for Doubly fed induction generator using PI controllers. It is achieved by controlling the rotor currents and using a stator voltage vector reference frame. <br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4651578&queryText=Fault+Ride+Through+Capability+Improvement+Of+Wind+Farms+Usind+Doubly+Fed+Induciton+Generator&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+All Fault Ride Through Capability Improvement Of Wind Farms Using Doubly Fed Induction Generator ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|09/04/08<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2008. UPEC 2008. 43rd International <br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|An active diode bridge crowbar switch presented to improve fault ride through capability of DIFG. Showed different parameters related to crowbar such a crowbar resistance, power loss, temperature and time delay for deactivation during fault. <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
Click '''[[Media:Doublyfed_induction_generators1.xls| here]]''' to view the detailed analysis sheet for doubly-fed induction generators article analysis.<br />
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<br />
===Top Cited Patents===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent/Publication No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="105"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date'''<br>(mm/dd/yyyy)</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Assignee/Applicant'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Citation Count'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5289041.PN.&OS=PN/5289041&RS=PN/5289041 US5289041]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|02/22/94<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|US Windpower<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Speed control system for a variable speed wind turbine<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|80<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4982147.PN.&OS=PN/4982147&RS=PN/4982147 US4982147]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|01/01/91<br />
|Oregon State<br />
|Power factor motor control system<br />
|align = "center"|62<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5028804.PN.&OS=PN/5028804&RS=PN/5028804 US5028804]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|07/02/91<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Oregon State<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Brushless doubly-fed generator control system<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|51<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5239251.PN.&OS=PN/5239251&RS=PN/5239251 US5239251]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|08/24/93<br />
|Oregon State<br />
|Brushless doubly-fed motor control system<br />
|align = "center"|49<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6856038.PN.&OS=PN/6856038&RS=PN/6856038 US6856038]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|02/15/05<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Vestas Wind Systems<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Variable speed wind turbine having a matrix converter<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|43<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=1999029034 WO1999029034]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|06/10/99<br />
|Asea Brown<br />
|A method and a system for speed control of a rotating electrical machine with flux composed of two quantities<br />
|align = "center"|36<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=1999019963 WO1999019963]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|04/22/99<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Asea Brown<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Rotating electric machine<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|36<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7015595.PN.&OS=PN/7015595&RS=PN/7015595 US7015595]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|03/21/06<br />
|Vestas Wind Systems<br />
|Variable speed wind turbine having a passive grid side rectifier with scalar power control and dependent pitch control<br />
|align = "center"|34<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4763058.PN.&OS=PN/4763058&RS=PN/4763058 US4763058]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|08/09/88<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Siemens<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Method and apparatus for determining the flux angle of rotating field machine or for position-oriented operation of the machine<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|32<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7095131.PN.&OS=PN/7095131&RS=PN/7095131 US7095131]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|08/22/06<br />
|General Electric<br />
|Variable speed wind turbine generator<br />
|align = "center"|25<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Top Cited Articles===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Journal/Conference'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Citations Count'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=502360 Doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters and its application to variable-speed wind-energy generation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|May. 1996<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IEEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|906<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=999610 Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|May. 2002<br />
|IEEE Industry Applications Magazine<br />
|align = "center"|508<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=1198317 Dynamic modeling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|May. 2003<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IEEE Transactions on Power Systems<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|274<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1201089 Modeling and control of a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Jun. 2003<br />
|IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion<br />
|align = "center"|271<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/60/30892/01432858.pdf?arnumber=1432858 Ride through of wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator during a voltage dip]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Jun. 2005<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|246<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=970114 Dynamic modeling of a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|July. 2001<br />
|IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001<br />
|align = "center"|196<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1597345 Modeling of the wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator for grid integration studies]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Mar. 2006<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|174<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=543631 A doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters supplying an isolated load from a variable speed wind turbine]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Sept. 1996<br />
|IEEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications<br />
|align = "center"|150<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=1432853 Doubly fed induction generator model for transient stability analysis]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Jun. 2005<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|106<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1677655 Control of a doubly fed induction generator in a wind turbine during grid fault ride-through]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Sept. 2006<br />
|IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion<br />
|align = "center"|112<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===White Space Analysis===<br />
* White-space analysis provides the technology growth and gaps in the technology where further R&D can be done to gain competitive edge and to carry out incremental innovation.<br />
* Dolcera provides White Space Analysis in different dimensions. Based on Product, Market, Method of Use, Capabilities or Application or Business Area and defines the exact categories within the dimension.<br />
* Below table shows a sample representation of white space analysis for controlling DFIG parameters with converters, based on the sample analysis.<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="14" width="20%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''White Space of converters used to control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Active power'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Reactive Power'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Decoupled P-Q control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Field oriented control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Direct torque control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Speed control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Frequency Control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Pitch control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''PWM Technique'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Low voltage ride through'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Network fault/Grid fault'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Faults'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Temp control'''</font></center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Grid Side active converters'''</font></center><br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052394%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052394&RS=DN/20070052394 US20070052394A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060028025%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060028025&RS=DN/20060028025 US20060028025A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100148508%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100148508&RS=DN/20100148508 US20100148508A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100133816%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100133816&RS=DN/20100133816 US20100133816A1]<br />
[http://v3.espacenet.com/searchResults?NUM=EP2166226A1&DB=EPODOC&submitted=true&locale=en_V3&ST=number&compact=false EP2166226A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070132248%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070132248&RS=DN/20070132248 US20070132248A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052394%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052394&RS=DN/20070052394 US20070052394A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100096853%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100096853&RS=DN/20100096853 US20100096853A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100114388%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100114388&RS=DN/20100114388 US20100114388A1]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008938%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008938&RS=DN/20090008938 US20090008938A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2010079234 WO2010079234A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090230689%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090230689&RS=DN/20090230689 US20090230689A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090206606%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090206606&RS=DN/20090206606 US20090206606A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070024247%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070024247&RS=DN/20070024247 US20070024247A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090206606%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090206606&RS=DN/20090206606 US20090206606A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080129050%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080129050&RS=DN/20080129050 US20080129050A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100156192%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100156192&RS=DN/20100156192 US20100156192A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070182383%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070182383&RS=DN/20070182383 US20070182383A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100002475%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100002475&RS=DN/20100002475 US20100002475A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080296898%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080296898&RS=DN/20080296898 US20080296898A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070273155%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070273155&RS=DN/20070273155 US20070273155A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070278797%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070278797&RS=DN/20070278797 US20070278797A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052244%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052244&RS=DN/20070052244 US20070052244A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070024059%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070024059&RS=DN/20070024059 US20070024059A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060238929%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060238929&RS=DN/20060238929 US20060238929A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070177314%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070177314&RS=DN/20070177314 US20070177314A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://v3.espacenet.com/searchResults?NUM=EP2166226A1&DB=EPODOC&submitted=true&locale=en_V3&ST=number&compact=false EP2166226A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090121483%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090121483&RS=DN/20090121483 US20090121483A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008938%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008938&RS=DN/20090008938 US20090008938A1]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Grid side passive converters'''</font></center><br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030151259%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030151259&RS=DN/20030151259 US20030151259A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030151259%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030151259&RS=DN/20030151259 US20030151259A1]<br />
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|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030151259%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030151259&RS=DN/20030151259 US20030151259A1]<br />
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|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Rotor side converter'''</font></center><br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100142237%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100142237&RS=DN/20100142237 US20100142237A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052394%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052394&RS=DN/20070052394 US20070052394A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060028025%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060028025&RS=DN/20060028025 US20060028025A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100096853%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100096853&RS=DN/20100096853 US20100096853A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100148508%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100148508&RS=DN/20100148508 US20100148508A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100133816%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100133816&RS=DN/20100133816 US20100133816A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070132248%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070132248&RS=DN/20070132248 US20070132248A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052394%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052394&RS=DN/20070052394 US20070052394A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100114388%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100114388&RS=DN/20100114388 US20100114388A1]<br />
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| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008938%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008938&RS=DN/20090008938 US20090008938A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2010079234 WO2010079234A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090230689%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090230689&RS=DN/20090230689 US20090230689A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070024247%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070024247&RS=DN/20070024247 US20070024247A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080129050%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080129050&RS=DN/20080129050 US20080129050A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070182383%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070182383&RS=DN/20070182383 US20070182383A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100002475%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100002475&RS=DN/20100002475 US20100002475A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080296898%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080296898&RS=DN/20080296898 US20080296898A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070273155%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070273155&RS=DN/20070273155 US20070273155A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070278797%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070278797&RS=DN/20070278797 US20070278797A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080157533%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080157533&RS=DN/20080157533 US20080157533A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052244%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052244&RS=DN/20070052244 US20070052244A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070024059%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070024059&RS=DN/20070024059 US20070024059A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060238929%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060238929&RS=DN/20060238929 US20060238929A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090273185%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090273185&RS=DN/20090273185 US20090273185A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070177314%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070177314&RS=DN/20070177314 US20070177314A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090121483%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090121483&RS=DN/20090121483 US20090121483A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008938%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008938&RS=DN/20090008938 US20090008938A1]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Matrix converters'''</font></center><br />
|<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220020079706%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020079706&RS=DN/20020079706 US20020079706A1]<br />
|<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070216164%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070216164&RS=DN/20070216164 US20070216164A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090265040%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090265040&RS=DN/20090265040 US20090265040A1]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070216164%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070216164&RS=DN/20070216164 US20070216164A1]<br />
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|}<br />
<br />
== Dolcera Dashboard ==<br />
[[Image:dashboard_features.png|center|750px|]]<br />
<br />
'''Dashboard Link'''<br><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|'''[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=825 Doubly Fed Induction Generator - Dashboard] '''<br />
|width="100"|[[Image:dashboard_thumb.png|center|100px|]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
*Flash Player is essential to view the Dolcera dashboard<br />
<br />
==Key Findings==<br />
=== Major Players ===<br />
* [http://www.vestas.com/ Vestas Wind Energy Systems] and [http://www.ge.com/ General Electric] are the major players in wind energy generation technology.<br />
[[Image:Wind_Major_Players.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Major Players''']]<br />
<br />
=== Key Patents ===<br />
* The key patents in the field are held by [http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_installed_capacity.asp US Windpower], [http://www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/Wind/windhome.shtml Oregon State] and [http://www.vestas.com/ Vestas Wind Energy Systems].<br />
<br />
[[Image:wind_top_cited.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Key Patents''']]<br />
<br />
=== IP Activity ===<br />
* Patenting activity has seen a very high growth rate in the last two years.<br />
[[Image:ind_pat_act_3.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Year wise IP Activity''']]<br />
<br />
=== Geographical Activity ===<br />
* USA, China, Germany, Spain, and India are very active in wind energy research.<br />
[[Image:wind_geographical_act.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Geographical Activity''']]<br />
<br />
=== Research Trend ===<br />
* Around 86% patents are on controlling the doubly-fed induction generation(DFIG) which indicates high research activity going on in rating and controlling of the DFIG systems.<br />
<br />
=== Issues in the Technology ===<br />
* 86% of the patent on DFIG operation are focusing on grid connected mode of operation, suggesting continuous operation of the DFIG system during weak and storm winds, grid voltage sags, and grid faults are major issues in the current scenario.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Windenergyanalysis.jpg|center|1200px|thumb|'''Problem Solution Mapping''']]<br />
<br />
=== Emerging Player ===<br />
* [http://www.woodward.com/ Woodward] is a new and fast developing player in the field of DFIG technology. The company filed 10 patent applications in the field in year 2010, while it has no prior IP activity.<br />
<br />
=<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>=<br />
<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br><br />
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "<br />
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]''' <br />
|-<br />
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
=References =<br />
{|border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''Background References'''<br />
# [http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/71440.aspx Wind Energy History]<br />
# [[Media:windenergy.pdf| Wind Energy]]<br />
# [http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/index.cfm Wind Energy Basics]<br />
# [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html#inside How Wind Turbines Work]<br />
# [http://www.windpowertv.com/forum/index.php?topic=18.0 Different types of wind turbines]<br />
# [http://www.house-energy.com/Wind/Offshore-Onshore.htm Onshore Vs Offshore Wind Turbines]<br />
# [http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01335/wind%20Power.htm Wind Power]<br />
# [http://www.ehow.com/list_5938067_types-wind-farms-there_.html Types of Wind Farms]<br />
# [http://www.offshorewindenergy.org/ca-owee/indexpages/Offshore_technology.php?file=offtech_p2.php Offshore Technology]<br />
# [http://windsine.org/?act=spage&f=wind The Fundamentals of Wind Energy]<br />
# [http://windertower.com/ Winder Tower]<br />
# [http://www.thesolarguide.com/wind-power/wind-towers.aspx Wind Towers]<br />
# [http://guidedtour.windpower.org/en/tour/design/concepts.htm Wind Turbine Blades]<br />
# [http://www.wind-energy-the-facts.org/en/part-i-technology/chapter-3-wind-turbine-technology/evolution-of-commercial-wind-turbine-technology/design-styles.html Wind Turbine Design Styles]<br />
# [http://www.awewind.com/Products/TurbineConstruction/MainAssembly/RotorHub/tabid/81/Default.aspx Rotor Hub Assembly]<br />
# [http://www.gears-gearbox.com/wind-turbines.html Gearbox for Wind Turbines]<br />
# [http://guidedtour.windpower.org/en/tour/wtrb/yaw.htm The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism]<br />
# [http://guidedtour.windpower.org/en/tour/wtrb/yaw.htm The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism]<br />
# [[Media:windturbinegenerators.pdf| Wind Turbine Generators]]<br />
# [http://www.uni-hildesheim.de/~irwin/inside_wind_turbines.html Inside wind turbines]<br />
|'''Image References'''<br />
# [http://www.windsimulators.co.uk/DFIG.htm DFIG Working Principle]<br />
# [http://www.wwindea.org/home/index.php Country share of total capacity]<br />
# [http://www.atlantissolar.com/wind_story.html Wind turbine principle]<br />
# [http://www.windturbinesnow.com/horizontalaxis-windturbines.htm Horizontal axis wind turbine]<br />
# [http://www.solarpowerwindenergy.org/2009/12/25/types-of-wind-turbines/ Vertical axis wind turbine]<br />
# [http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8189 Pitch control]<br />
# [http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8189 Yaw control]<br />
# [http://www.eco-trees.org/europes-biggest-onshore-wind-farm-goes-online/ Onshore Wind turbines]<br />
# [http://www.house-energy.com/Wind/Offshore-Onshore.htm Offshore wind turbines]<br />
# [http://www.solarpowerwindenergy.org/2010/04/02/parts-of-a-wind-turbine/ Wind turbine parts]<br />
# [http://www.windsolarenergy.org/map-of-best-locations-for-wind-power.htm Tower height Vs Power output]<br />
# [http://americanrenewableenergycorp.com/towers Tubular tower]<br />
# [http://www.mywindpowersystem.com/2010/03/wind-power-stats-quiet-critics/ Lattice tower]<br />
# [http://itgiproducts.com/energy/windTowers.asp Guy tower]<br />
# [http://itgiproducts.com/energy/windTowers.asp Tiltup tower]<br />
# [http://itgiproducts.com/energy/windTowers.asp Free stand tower]<br />
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<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Contact Dolcera=<br />
<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani<br />
|-<br />
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Interferon_For_Treatment_of_Melanoma&diff=11089Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma2015-07-27T09:45:53Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Dashboard */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Dashboard==<br />
<br />
* Click here to view '''[http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=890 Sample Dashboard]'''<br />
<br />
NOTE: You need to install Internet Explorer 8.0 and Adobe Flash Player to view the Dashboard.<br />
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Please download [http://www.microsoft.com/windows/internet-explorer/default.aspx '''Internet Explorer 8.0'''] and [http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/?promoid=DRHWS '''Adobe Flash player''']<br />
<br />
==Objective==<br />
<br />
'''Primary objective of the study was to perform a prior art search on usage of interferon for the treatment of melanoma.''' <br />
<br />
To achieve our objective we performed following steps:<br />
<br />
*Created a multi level taxonomy to categorize the patents using interferon for melanoma treatment<br />
<br />
*Marked out relevant IPC, ECLA, US classes and Japanese F-term available for technology in question.<br />
<br />
*Identified and clubbed relevant keywords with classes to extract relevant patents.<br />
<br />
*Checked for patents in US, EP, PCT, JP, Great Britain, and German patent records <br />
<br />
*Performed MPI-INPADOC search which cover bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42 countries<br />
<br />
*Analyzed the patents and prepared an IPmap covering relevant patents for client usage.<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
<br />
===Interferon===<br />
<br />
[[Image:interferon.jpg|250px|right|thumb|'''Interferon''' [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/1HIG_Interferon-Gamma01.png Source]]]<br />
<br />
Interferons (IFNs) are natural cell-signaling proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges such as viruses, parasites and tumor cells. They belong to the large class of glycoproteins known as cytokines and are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to the presence of double-stranded RNA, a key indicator of viral infection. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma Source] <br />
<br />
Interferons assist the immune response by inhibiting viral replication within host cells, activating natural killer cells and macrophages, increasing antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, and increasing the resistance of host cells to viral infection. There are 3 known classes of interferons; type I, type II and type III. All classes are very important in fighting viral infections. Recent studies have shown that Interferon can also help stop the growth and spread of cancer cells. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon Source]<br />
<br />
===Melanoma===<br />
<br />
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It begins in skin cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells that make melanin, which gives skin its color. Melanin also protects the deeper layers of the skin from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.When people spend time in the sunlight, the melanocytes make more melanin and cause the skin to tan. This also happens when skin is exposed to other forms of ultraviolet light (such as in a tanning booth). If the skin receives too much ultraviolet light, the melanocytes may begin to grow abnormally and become cancerous. This condition is called melanoma.People with melanoma who have one or more positive lymph nodes are at a high risk to have their melanoma recur. It is believed that 70 to 80% of these individuals will have their melanoma come back within the next three to five years. [http://www.melanoma.com/whatis.html Source]<br />
<br />
===Interferon for treatment of melanoma===<br />
<br />
Over the past several decades, the incidence of melanoma has increased at a faster rate than that of any other solid tumor. In the 1930s, the lifetime risk for a person living in the U.S. to develop melanoma was 1 in 1,500. Currently, that risk is 1 in 74, and for 2003 it was estimated that 51,400 cases of invasive melanoma would be diagnosed. While efforts to improve early diagnosis through education have resulted in the increased detection of early-stage melanoma, many patients still present with high-risk primary melanomas. <br />
<br />
A beacon of hope in the treatment of melanoma has long been the observation that melanoma is susceptible to attack by the host’s immune system. This has resulted in the testing of a remarkably broad spectrum of immunotherapies, including the use of nonspecific immunostimulants, various approaches to vaccine therapies, and cytokine therapy. Many of these approaches failed to demonstrate a significant clinical impact, and the practitioner had been left with few options in treating high-risk melanoma patients with adjuvant therapy. One exception to this, however, has been the use of adjuvant interferon alpha (IFN-{alpha})<br />
<br />
While the precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood, there are multiple antitumor effects of IFN-{alpha}. These include a direct antiproliferative effect, the enhancement of natural killer cell activity, and the upregulation of tumor antigens and/or HLA class I and class II antigens. Initial phase II clinical studies with IFN-{alpha} in metastatic melanoma showed response rates in the 10%–20% range [4, 5]. These response rates, while encouraging, were not significant enough to lead to its widespread use in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. [http://theoncologist.alphamedpress.org/cgi/content/full/8/5/451 Source]<br />
<br />
<br />
==Interactive Taxonomy==<br />
<mm>[[Interferon_For_the_treatment_Of_Melanoma.mm]]</mm><br />
<br />
==Concept Table==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-1'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-2'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanoma</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interferon</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Cancer</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>IFN</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Skin Cancer</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>huIFN</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Carcinoma</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Tumor</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''6'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanocyte</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
|}<br />
===French Keywords Concept table===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-1'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-2'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>mélanome</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interféron*</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peau Cancer </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>huIFN </center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Carcinome </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>IFN </center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Tumeur </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Mélanocyte </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===German Keywords Concept Table===<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-1'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Concept-2'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanoma</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interferon</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Haut Krebs </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>huIFN </center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Karzinoma </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>IFN </center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Krebsgeschwür </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Tumor </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>6</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Geschwulst </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanozyten </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Class codes identified for searches===<br />
<br />
* '''Relevant IPC classes'''<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|'''IPC'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Class Code'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Class definition'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Class coverage'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|A61K003819<br />
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons<br />
|align = "center"|Broad<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|A61K003821<br />
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing peptides Interferon<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K001452<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons<br />
|align = "center"|Broad<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K014555<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K001456<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''6'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K014565<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''7'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K001457<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''8'''<br />
|align = "center"|A61P003500<br />
|align = "center"|Therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal preparations -antineoplastic agents<br />
|align = "center"|Broad<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* '''Relevant ECLA classes'''<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|'''ECLA'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Class Code'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Class definition'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Class coverage'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|A61K003819<br />
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing peptides - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons<br />
|align = "center"|Broad<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|A61K003821<br />
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing Interferon<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|A61K38/21A<br />
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing IFN-alpha<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|A61K38/21B<br />
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing IFN-beta<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|A61K38/21C<br />
|align = "center"|Medicinal preparations containing IFN-gamma<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''6'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K001452<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof - Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons<br />
|align = "center"|Broad<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''7'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K014555<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - Interferon<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''8'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K001456<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-alpha<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''9'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K014565<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-beta<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''10'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K001457<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids - IFN-gamma<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''11'''<br />
|align = "center"|C07K014715G<br />
|align = "center"|Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants - for interferons -<br />
|align = "center"|Specific<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* '''Relevant US classes'''<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "3"|'''US class'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Class Code'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''Class definition'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|4240854<br />
|align = "center"|DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - this subclass provides for patents which broadly claim interferon or a method of treatment of interferon where the classification of the interferon as alpha, beta or gamma interferon is impossible<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|4242811<br />
|align = "center"| DRUG, BIO-AFFCTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Virus (e.g., interferon-inducing virus, etc.)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|42400141<br />
|align = "center"|DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - Attached to lymphokine, cytokine, or other secreted growth regulatory factor, differentiation factor, or intercellular mediator specific for a hematopoietic cell (e.g., interferon, interleukin, macrophage factor, colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin); derivative thereof<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|514889<br />
|align = "center"|DRUG, BIO-AFFECTING AND BODY TREATING COMPOSITIONS - INTERFERON INDUCER<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center"|530351<br />
|align = "center"| CHEMISTRY: NATURAL RESINS OR DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES OR PROTEINS; LIGNINS OR REACTION PRODUCTS THEREOF - Lymphokines, e.g., interferons, interlukins, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''6'''<br />
|align = "center"|930142<br />
|align = "center"|PEPTIDE OR PROTEIN SEQUENCE - Interferon<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''7'''<br />
|align = "center"|4240851<br />
|align = "center"|LYMPHOKINE - Included in this and the indented subclasses interferon, interleukin and macrophage factors (monokines)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''8'''<br />
|align = "center"|4240855<br />
|align = "center"|Gamma or immune: This subclass is indented under subclass 85.4. Subject matter in which the interferon is gamma or immune interferon.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''9'''<br />
|align = "center"|4240856<br />
|align = "center"|Subject matter in which the interferon is beta or fibroblast interferon.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''10'''<br />
|align = "center"|4240857<br />
|align = "center"|Subject matter in which the interferon is alpha or leukocyte interferon.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Intellectual property==<br />
<br />
===Search strategy and concept===<br />
<br />
Date of Search: 1836 to Feb 3rd, 2011<br />
Database used: Micropatent - Include extensive full text and MPI-Inpadoc searches<br />
<br />
===Search in Micropatent full text - English language search===<br />
<br />
Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class Code (IPC,US,ECLA)'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma<br />
|align = "center"|Title, Abstract and Claims<br />
|align = "center"|Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords<br />
|align = "center"|A61K003821<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G OR 4240854 OR 4242811 OR 42400141 OR 514889 OR 530351 OR 930142<br />
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))<br />
|align = "center"|576<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma<br />
|align = "center"|Title, Abstract and Claims<br />
|align = "center"|Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords<br />
|align = "center"|A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR 4240851 OR 4240855 OR 4240856 OR 4240857 OR A61P003500<br />
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))<br />
|align = "center"|756<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Final query'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|'''1 OR 2'''<br />
|align = "center"|1019 records<br>'''571 unique records'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Search in Micropatent full text - Foreign language search===<br />
<br />
<br />
Micro patent full text search allow search in fulltext of US, EP, PCT, Great Britain, and German patent records as well as the front page of JP documents. US, EP, and DE are covered at first publication and when granted.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "center" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Language'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class Code (IPC, ECLA)'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma<br />
|align = "center"|'''French'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title, Abstract and Claims<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Specific classes of interferon AND melanoma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s foregin langugae keywords<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K003821<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR C07K014555 OR C07K001456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K001457 OR C07K014715G<br />
|align = "center"|(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|184 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''German'''<br />
|align = "center"|(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma<br />
|align = "center"|'''French'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title, Abstract and Claims<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Broad classes of interferon AND melanoma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s and interferon<nowiki>’</nowiki>s foregin langugae keywords<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K003819 OR C07K001452 OR A61P003500<br />
|align = "center"|(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3375 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''German'''<br />
|align = "center"|(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Final query'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''3422 hits<br>(2023 unique records, 30-35 % relevant)'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - English language search===<br />
<br />
Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract. <br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class search'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma<br />
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|Specific IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords<br />
|align = "center"|A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457<br />
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))<br />
|align = "center"|174<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma<br />
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords<br />
|align = "center"|A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500<br />
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR interferon<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))<br />
|align = "center"|484<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma<br />
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|Specific ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords<br />
|align = "center"|A61K03821<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457 OR C07K014715G<br />
|align = "center"|(Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))<br />
|align = "center"|102<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|Interferon for treating Melanoma<br />
|align = "center"|Title and Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|Broad ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords<br />
|align = "center"|A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500<br />
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR interferon<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>interferon OR huIFN) AND (Melanoma OR (Skin NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)) OR (Melanocyte<nowiki>*</nowiki> NEAR3 (cancer OR carcinoma OR tumor)))<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''5'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|'''Final query'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4'''<br />
|align = "center"|587 hits<br>'''232 unique records'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Search in Micropatent MPI-INPADOC - Foreign language search===<br />
<br />
Micrpatent MPI-INPADOC search bibliographic data for 71 countries and legal status for 42. Only those patents were analyzed which have English title and/or abstract.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search concept'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Language'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search Scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search reason'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Class Code (IPC, ECLA)'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search query'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''No. of hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma<br />
|align = "center"|'''French'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title and Abstract<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Specific IPC/ECLA classes of interferon AND melanoma keywords<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K03821 OR C07K014555 OR C07K01456 OR C07K014565 OR C07K01457<br />
|align = "center"|(mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|4 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''German'''<br />
|align = "center"|(Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Interferon for treating Melanoma<br />
|align = "center"|'''French'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Title and Abstract<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Broad IPC classes of interferon AND melanoma, interferon keywords<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|A61K03819 OR C07K01452 OR A61P03500<br />
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR Interféron<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>Interféron OR huIFN) AND (mélanome or (Peau NEAR3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)) OR (Mélanocytes Near3 (Cancer or Carcinome or Tumeur)))<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|25 hits<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''German'''<br />
|align = "center"|(IFN<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>IFN OR interferon<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>interferon OR huIFN AND (Melanom or (Haut NEAR3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)) OR (Melanozyten Near3 (Krebs or Karzinom or Krebsgeschwür or Tumor or Geschwulst)))<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Final query'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''1 OR 2'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''29 hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Search in Japanese database===<br />
<br />
Database: IPDL (Industrial property digital library), Japan<br />
<br />
Date of search: 1900/01/01 to 2011/02/15<br />
<br />
{| border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align = "left" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| '''S.No.'''<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Issue/Publication date'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''F-Term Theme'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''FI/F-term/Facet '''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Hits'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1900/01/01 to 2011/02/15'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4H045</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>DA15+DA16+DA17+DA18 </center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1298</center><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
'''Total patents: 1298 (Relevancy ~10%)'''<br />
<br />
<br />
* '''F-Terms and theme used in search''' <br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "3"|'''Japanese F-term search'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Definition'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''F- Term theme'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''4H045'''<br />
|align = "center"|Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|F-term<br />
|align = "center"|DA15<br />
|align = "center"|Peptide or protein characterised by function - Interferons<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|F-term<br />
|align = "center"|DA16<br />
|align = "center"|Alpha-interferons<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|F-term<br />
|align = "center"|DA17<br />
|align = "center"|Beta-interferons<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"|F-term<br />
|align = "center"|DA18<br />
|align = "center"|Gamma-interferons<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Scientific Literature Search===<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>S.No</b></center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>Database</b></center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>Query</b></center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>Limits by Date</b></center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>No.Of Hits</b></center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>1</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Pubmed</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Melanoma Or carcinoma or cancer* or tumor) And (IFN* OR Interferon)</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>20000101-20110221</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>28402</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>2</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Scirus</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Melanoma Or carcinoma or cancer* or tumor) And (IFN* OR Interferon)</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2000-2011</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>24835</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>3</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Google Scholar</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Melanoma Or carcinoma or cancer* or tumor) And (IFN* OR Interferon)</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2000-2011</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>21100</center><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sample patents==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Patent/Publication No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Date Of Publication'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Assignee'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Title'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Abstract'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Problem'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Solution'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7482014.PN.&OS=PN/7482014&RS=PN/7482014 US7482014B2]</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>01/27/2009</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanoma therapy </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Methods for treating treatment-naive as well as treatment-experienced patients having melanoma to increase the progression-free survival time involving administering a therapeutically effective amount of pegylated interferon-alpha, e.g., preferably pegylated interferon alpha-2b, as adjuvant therapy to definitive surgery are disclosed.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem is with the treatment methods that are employed with previously employed dose regimens for treating Melanoma after definitive surgical removal of the lesions.This led to the occurance of hematologic, neurologic and constitutional toxicities.Subject compliance with the dosage and dosage regimen during both phases is considered to be important to achieve maximum clinical benefit. </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The higher patience compliance is achieved with the improved methods of treatment of melanoma.A therapeutically effective dose of pegylated interferon alpha for a time period sufficient to increase the progression-free survival time was administered to the patient.The treatment regimen includes a first dose of 6.0 micrograms/kg of PEG.sub.12000 interferon alpha-2b once a week for eight weeks, and then administering to the patient a second dose of 3.0 or less micrograms/kg of PEG.sub.12000 interferon alpha-2b once a week for the remainder of a five year treatment period. </center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5997858.PN.&OS=PN/5997858&RS=PN/5997858 US5997858A]</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>12/7/1999</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Pharma Pacific Pty Ltd.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Stimulation of host defense mechanisms against tumors</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>A method for treating neoplastic disease in a mammal via administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an interferon via oromucosal contact. The amount of interferon administered is less than an amount which induces a pathological response when administered parenterally.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem is with the method employed for the treatment of neoplastic diseases.The administration of low doses of interferon as a nasal spray or as an oral liquid formulation in the treatment of the neoplastic diseases is not effective in the previous patents.There is no experimental evidence regarding the administration mode of the interferon,though it was anticipated that administrations through other modes is possible to deliver effectively and treating the same conditions.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The solution to the problem is solved by first controlled study in an animal model of the efficacy of oromucosally administered interferon for the treatment of neoplastic diseases.The administration is done oromucosally in asingle dose by almost all forms of Interferons .the amount administered is from about 1500 IU to about 20.times.10.sup.6 IU for a 70 kg man per day.This amount is less than the amount that induces a pathological response in the mammal when administered parenterally.</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19881026&CC=EP&NR=0288055A1&KC=A1 EP288055A1]</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10/26/1988</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>MERRELL DOW PHARMACEUTICALS INC.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Use of ODC inhibitors, dacarbazine, and interferon, in the treatment of malignant melanoma </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>This invention relates to the improvement of the polyamine depletion effects of ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors, the improvement being effected by the use of Interferon and Dacarbazine in conjunctive therapy with said inhibitors.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem in this patent is associated with the methods and drugs that are used for treating the pathological disease conditions such as cancer.Polyamines mechanism is not known and there are some evidences that ODC inhibitors may exert their therapeutic effect by blocking the formation of the polyamines and thereby slowing, interrupting, or arresting the proliferation and metastases of the tumor tissue. So certain methods are explored to find out the same kind of effect on treating cancers.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The solution was found to be the improved methods in treating the cancer with the use of Interferon and Dacarbazine when these disease states are treated with irreversible inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase.This includes a pharmaceutical product containing an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, Interferon and Dacarbazine as a combined preparation for simultaneous, separate or sequential use in treating rapidly-proliferating cell-growth disease states. Even the methods for the formulation are disussed in this patent.</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19871014&CC=EP&NR=0241242A1&KC=A1 EP241242A1]</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10/14/1987</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>CETUS ONCOLOGY CORPORATION</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The use of interferon-beta and interleukin-2 for combination therapy and compositions therefor </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Anti-tumor activity in humans can be augmented by administering to the human patient and effective amount of IFN-&#946; and IL-2 in combination. The composition of IFN-&#946; and IL-2 may be prepared invitro or administered separately to the patient. The composition is useful for prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of such cancers as melanoma, colon cancer lung cancer and breast cancer.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem in this patent is about the use of interferons seperately in treating the cancers.When administered seperately they were found to induce a response that was good.So an approach was thought of where the combination therapy was given to produce better results.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The concern of the prior art was addressed with the successful administration of a combination therapy with Interferon beta and interleukin-2 as an anti-tumor therapeutic or prophylactic agent. It was made suitable for administration to human patients for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of cancer comprising formulating together, whether by mixing or providing separate doses.The administration is done parenterally.</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100086518%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100086518&RS=DN/20100086518 US20100086518] </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4/8/2010</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>NOVARTIS AG</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Treatment of melanoma</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Methods of treating melanoma include administering a compound of Structure I, a tautomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or the tautomer, or a mixture thereof to a subject. The compound, tautomer, salt of the compound, salt of the tautomer, or mixture thereof may be used to prepare medicaments for treating metastatic cancer. The variable A has the values defined herein.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem is that though there are many methods of treating cancer , still there is a need for the advancements in the technologies to be adopted to arrive at better results.The compounds such as quinoline derivatives were used and were disclosed in the prior art for the treatment of Melanoma.The compounds that were used previously were found to be associated with the side effects.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center><nowiki>The solution was found to be finding of compounds that can effectively administered for treating Melanoma.It relates to the use of compounds such as 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quino- lin-2(1H)-one and tautomers, salts, and mixtures thereof in treating melanoma and preparing medicaments for treating melanoma. The therapeutically effective amount of the compound can range from about 0.25 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg body weight of the subject.</nowiki></center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''6'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4846782.PN.&OS=PN/4846782&RS=PN/4846782 US4846782] </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>7/11/1989</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Treatment of cancer with interferon and radiotherapy </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Radiation sensitive human cancers are treated with combined interferon and radiation therapy.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Radiation therapy emerged some years back for the treatment of cancers.It was observed that the results are good.But there was a need felt to effectively increase the efficacy of radiation treatment.So to develop radiation sensitizers or potentiators which enable the radiation to cause increased tumor destruction. Despite numerous laboratory and clinical studies, no single agent has, to date, emerged as the optimal radiation sensitizer. </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The problem could be addressed by an effective treatment means using administering subcutaneously to such patients between 2.0.times.10.sup.6 IU/m.sup.2 and 5.0.times.10.sup.6 IU/m.sup.2 of recombinant DNA-alpha-2-interferon .This is done three days a week at a time on those days prior to radiation therapy.The doses are from 15 to 35 Gy are administered five days a week including those days on which interferon is administered.</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''7'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5824300.PN.&OS=PN/5824300&RS=PN/5824300 US5824300] </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>10/20/1998</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The Texas A&M University System</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Treatment of neoplastic disease with oral interferon </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Neoplastic diseases are treated by the administration of human interferon, particularly IFN-&#945;, at a dosage of from about 0.01 to about 5 IU/lb./day such that the interferon is held in contact with the patient's oral and pharyngeal mucosae. The interferon is administered in a solid dosage from, e.g., a saliva-dissolvable lozenge.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Though the research is intensive in the field of interferons,there exists a substantial lack of uniformity in such matters as classification of interferon types. There are also numerous, sometimes contradictory, theories concerning the mode of action of interferon in producing clinical effects.It became apparent that exogenous interferon was sometimes capable of effecting regression or remission of various metastatic diseases. so different studies are conducted to know the clinical agent of choice for the prevention of cancers.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The present invention is based on applicant's discovery that interferon can be used as a consistently effective therapeutic agent for treatment of diseases having an immunopathologic basis--characterized by inadequate immune response and persistence of the disease.The interferon is administered in an amount of about 0.01 to about 5 IU/lb of patient body weight per day. Multiple dose daily regimen is given to the patients.They aid in the better treatment of cancers.</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''8'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220020107184%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020107184&RS=DN/20020107184 US20020107184]</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8/8/2002</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>None</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>METHOD FOR TREATING MELANOMA </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The present invention discloses a method for treating patients having melanoma or melanoma associated symptoms by parenterally administering Product R, a peptide-nucleic acid preparation.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Melanomas are usually treated by surgical excision, while patients with thick melanomas and those with regional or distant metastasis may benefit from other forms of therapy.Cytokines have been tested in the treatment of different skin cancers during the last decade, and treatment schedules have been established or proposed for several malignant skin tumors. Preferentially, the interferons and interleukin-2 were found to be effective in treating skin cancers including melanoma.But they were needed to be checked in combination with other products as they were anticipated to yield better results.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The new method of treatment using the product R in combination with interferons not only sounded effectively but also proved to be an effective means .The administration is done in an sterile injectible form.</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''9'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4762705.PN.&OS=PN/4762705&RS=PN/4762705 US4762705] </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>8/9/1988</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schwimmer, Adolf W. | Schwartz, Irwin Steven | Rubin, David</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Cancer therapy with interferon </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The effectiveness of interferon for treatment against cancer may be increased by first administering an agent for inhibiting tyrosinase. In this manner the tyrosinase which is known to be produced by malignancies, and which may cause inactivation of the interferon, will be substantially inactivated prior to the interferon administration.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Some of the the prior art patents doesn't trust on the use of interferons for treating all types of malignancies.The reason being the interferons are easily denatured in the enzymatic processes.So attempts were made out initially to find out the reasons for the denaturation even at high doses.Efforts were made to improve methods of cancer therapy using interferon.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The solution has come out in the form of improved treatment method for treating cancer by the efforts of the present inventor.As the reason for the denaturation was found to be tyrosinase,attempts were made seriously to supress this tyrosinase.A composition was made finally with D-penicillamine that can suppress tyrosinase.</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''10'''</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5190751.PN.&OS=PN/5190751&RS=PN/5190751 US5190751] </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3/2/1993</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Treatment of certain leukemias with a combination of gamma interferon and alpha interferon </center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Human leukemia T-cells and B-cells are inhibited from proliferating by treatment with a combination of recombinant human alpha and gamma interferons, either simultaneously or sequentially, and the alpha interferon is preferably recombinant human alfa-2b interferon.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The patent in the prior art posed a lot of problems with the use of gamma interferons alone in terms of the purity as the preparations previously were found to be contaminated.When used singly for the treatment of lekimias they were found to yield ineffective results.</center><br />
| style=";padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The solution was found to administer alpha and gamma interferons for the treatment of leukemias.It could inhibit the proliferation of susceptible leukemia cells with a cell proliferation inhibiting amount of a combination of both of the interferons.They are adminstered sequentially and simultaneously too to give good results.</center><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
[[Image:taxonomy melanoma mod1.jpg|700px|center|thumb| '''Taxonomy''']]<br />
<br />
== Sample Analysis==<br />
* '''Patents:''' The above sample patents were analysed according to the taxonomy.<br />
[[Media:Sample analysis of Treating of melanoma.xls| '''Click here to download Sample analysis sheet on Interferon for treatment of Melanomas''']]<br />
<br />
* '''Scientific Literature:'''* [[Media:Article Analysis Of Melanoma.xls |'''Click here to download Melanoma Treatment Using IFN: sample articles]]<br />
<br />
==Patent Ranking==<br />
10 Sample Patents were ranked according to the patent focus.<br />
*Patent Ranking Details<br />
1 : Granted Patent & Focus in Independent Claim <br><br />
2 : Granted Patent & Focus in Dependent Claim <br><br />
3 : Published Patent & Focus in independent Claim <br><br />
4 : Published Patent & Focus in Dependent claim <br><br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>S.No</b></center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>Patent</b></center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>Type</b></center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>Patent Ranking</b></center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>1</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US7482014B2</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Independent Claim</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>2</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US5997858A</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Independent Claim</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>3</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>EP288055A1</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Independent Claim</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>4</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>EP241242A1</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Dependent Claim</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>5</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US20100086518 </center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Published And Dependent</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>4</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>6</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US4846782 </center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Dependent Claim</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>7</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US5824300 </center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Dependent Claim</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>2</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>8</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US20020107184</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Published And Independent</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>3</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>9</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US4762705 </center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Independent Claim</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center><b>10</b></center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>US5190751 </center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Granted And Independent Claim</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>1</center><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Clinical Trials==<br />
*'''Database:''' [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ '''Clinical trials''']<br />
*'''Searched on:''' Feb 25th, 2011<br />
<br />
*[[Media:clinical trials treatment of melanoma.xls |'''Please click here to download the clinical trial excel sheet''']]<br />
<br />
==IP Activity Graphs Of Sample Patents==<br />
===IP activity based on priority years===<br />
<br />
* Total of 10 Sample patents(basic patent number) were taken into consideration for the IP activity based on priority years.<br />
[[Image:IP act PS priority year Treatment Of Melanoma1.jpg|center|thumb|800 px| IP activity based on priority years]]<br />
<br />
===IP activity based on publication years===<br />
<br />
* Total of 10 Sample patents(basic patent number) were taken into consideration for the IP activity based on publication years.<br />
[[Image:IP act PS publication year Treatment Of Melanoma1.jpg|center|thumb|800 px| IP activity based on publication years]]<br />
<br />
<br />
===Geographical Distribution based on family members===<br />
<br />
* The geographical distribution is based on 10 sample patent numbers along with all their family members. <br />
[[Image:Geographical Distribution based on Family members Melanoma 1.jpg|center|thumb|500 px| Geographical Distribution based on Family members Melanoma]]<br />
<br />
==Market Report==<br />
===Interferon types & Their Compositions===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Generic Name'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Brand Name'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Company Name'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Composition'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Alpha IFN</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intron®,Roferon®-A</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-Interferon alfa-2aInactive Ingredients- sodium chloride, ammonium acetate, polysorbate 80, glycine, sodium phosphate dibasic,sodium phosphate monobasic, human albumin, preservative: benzyl alcohol.</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Beta IFN</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Avonex</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Biogen IDEC</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-Beta interferon,Inactive Ingredients-65 to 90 wt % of polyol,and a p-hydroxybenzoate,carboxymethyl cellulose,human serum albumin</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Gamma IFN</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Actimmune®</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intermune</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-interferon gamma-1b.,Inactive Ingredients-Polyethylene Glycol,dextran ,hydroxyethylstarch </center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Pegylated IFN</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peg Intron</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering-Plough</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active ingredient-peginterferon alfa-2b,Inactive ingredients: dibasic sodium phosphate anhydrous, monobasicsodium phosphate dihydrate, sucrose, polysorbate 80.</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Recombinant IFN</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Active Ingredient-Ribavirin,Inactive Ingredients-microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium,sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate dibasic and sodium phosphate monobasic as buffering agents;human albumin as a stabilizer.</center><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Interferon Types & Description Of Products===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Company Name'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Product'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Description'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Source'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intron®,Roferon®-A</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intron A is an interferon, a group of naturally occurring proteins that were first discovered as a result of their ability to prevent viral replication. Intron A is marketed in 72 countries worldwide for as many as 16 indications.In the United States it has been cleared for use by the FDA for chronic viral hepatitis B, chronic viral hepatitis C, malignant melanoma, hairy cell leukemia, AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma and condylomata acuminata (venereal warts).INTRON A recombinant for Injection has been classified as an alpha interfero nand is a water-soluble protein with a molecular weight of 19,271 daltons produced by recombinant DNA techniques. It is obtained from the bacterial fermentation of a strain of Escherichia coli bearing a genetically engineered plasmid containing an interferon alfa- 2b gene from human leukocytes. The fermentation is carried out in a defined nutrient medium containing the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride at a concentration of 5 to 10 mg/L; the presence of this antibiotic is not detectable in the final product. The specific activity of interferon alfa-2b, recombinant is approximately 2.6 x 108 IU/mg protein as measured by the HPLC assay.</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.introna.com/maintenance.html http://www.introna.com/maintenance.html]</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Biogen IDEC</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Avonex</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Avonex, manufactured by Biogen, is a form of beta interferon (interferon beta, IFN-b) used to modify the course of multiple sclerosis. While not a cure, Avonex has been shown in clinical trials to reduce the average relapse rate in people with the relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis form of the disease. It is identical to the naturally occurring protein found in the human body. It is manufactured by extracting the drug from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Avonex is the same substance as Rebif but administered differently (30 mcg, intra-muscularly, once a week as against 22 mcg or 44 mcg, sub-cutaneously, 3 times a week for Rebif). Avonex is usually given in the large muscles of the thigh, upper arm, or hip.</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/Avonex.html http://www.mult-sclerosis.org/Avonex.html]</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Intermune</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Actimmune®</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Actimmune(R) is a synthesized version of interferon gamma, a naturally occurring protein believed to stimulate the immune system. InterMune markets Actimmune(R) for the treatment of two life-threatening congenital diseases: chronic granulomatous disease and severe, malignant osteopetrosis. The most common side effects are flu-like symptoms, including headache, fatigue, fever, chills, and rash. InterMune was granted two composition-of-matter patents related to interferon gamma-1b in the United States, extending its patent protection until 2022.</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.actimmune.com/ http://www.actimmune.com/]</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''4'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering-Plough</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peg Intron</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Peg-Intron (peginterferon alfa-2b) Powder for Injection has been approved by the FDA.Peg-Intron is a longer-acting formulation of Schering-Plough's Intron A, which is a recombinant version of a naturally occurring alpha interferon. In contrast to Intron A, which is administered three times weekly, Peg-Intron is administered subcutaneously once a week. This reduced frequency of administration may increase patient compliance.</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.pegintron.com/index.html http://www.pegintron.com/index.html]</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''5'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Schering Corporation</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>(Rebetron®, Rebetol®).</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>REBETOL is a medicine used with either interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) or peginterferon alfa-2b (PegIntron) to treat chronic (lasting a long time) hepatitis C infection in people 3 years and older with liver disease.REBETOL Capsules consist of a white powder in a white, opaque, gelatin capsule. Each capsule contains 200 mg ribavirin and the inactive ingredients microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The capsule shell consists of gelatin, sodium lauryl sulfate, silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide. The capsule is printed with edible blue pharmaceutical ink which is made of shellac, anhydrous ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, ammonium hydroxide, and FD&C Blue #2 aluminum lake.</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>[http://www.merck.com/product/home.html http://www.merck.com/product/home.html]</center><br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Global Revenue Data Of products===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|bgcolor = "#99ccff" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#99ccff" rowspan = "2"|''' Generic Name'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#99ccff" rowspan = "2"|''' Brand Name'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#99ccff" rowspan = "2"|''' Company'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#99ccff" colspan = "3"|''' Global revenue ($ Million )'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|'''2008'''<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|'''2009'''<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|'''2010'''<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''1'''<br />
| Alpha IFN<br />
| Intron®,Roferon®-A<br />
|Schering Corporation<br />
|align = "right"| <br />
|align = "right"| 38.4 2<br />
|align = "right"| <br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''2'''<br />
| Beta IFN<br />
| Avonex<br />
|Biogen IDEC<br />
|align = "right"|2518.4<br />
|align = "right"|2322.9<br />
|align = "right"| 2202.6 3<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''3'''<br />
| Gamma IFN<br />
| Actimmune®<br />
| Intermune<br />
|align = "right"|29880<br />
|align = "right"| 25428 4<br />
|align = "right"| <br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''4'''<br />
| Pegylated IFN<br />
| Peg Intron<br />
| Schering-Plough<br />
|align = "right"| <br />
|align = "right"| 148.7 5<br />
|align = "right"| <br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#99ccff"|'''5'''<br />
| Recombinant IFN<br />
|Rebetron®, Rebetol®<br />
| Schering Corporation<br />
|align = "right"| <br />
|align = "right"|36.1<br />
|align = "right"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Biosimilars Of Interferons==<br />
<br />
Biosimilar interferons are the major drug class in the recombinant non-glycosylated proteins market due to their extensive use in the treatment of various genetic and environmental disorders. The overall biosimilar market for interferons is categorized into the submarkets for alpha, beta, and gamma interferons, all of which are used extensively in the treatment of various conditions such as lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and multiple sclerosis.<br />
<br />
While the interferon market growth may be inhibited by the side effects of each of its three drug categories, the market presents many opportunities to new entrants as only a few players currently operate in this relatively unfragmented market.<br />
<br />
The global recombinant interferon market stood at $75.3 million in 2008 and is expected to reach $3.9 billion by 2014 at a CAGR of 82.9% from 2009 to 2014. The American biosimilar interferons market is expected to attain a market worth $1.5 billion by 2014 at a CAGR of 91.5%.[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-669040/4-Biosimilar-products.html Biosimilars ; Global Market]<br />
<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''S.No'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Product'''</center><br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''Global market For Biosimilars'''</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''1'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interferon Alfa</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The global market for biosimilar interferon Alfa was $36.7 million in 2008 and is expected to reach $1.5 billion in 2014 at a CAGR of 76.5% from 2009 to 2014. While Asian market for biosimilar Alfa interferons commanded the highest share in 2008 with $17.5 million, the American market is expected to have the highest CAGR of 88.3% from 2009 to 2014.The world's top two branded Interferon products generated sales of $1,510 million and $910 million each in 2008. The blockbuster sales of innovative Interferon Alfa products thus present encouragement for biosimilar Interferon Alfa manufacturers[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-669040/4-Biosimilar-products.html data].</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''2'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interferon beta</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The global biosimilar interferon beta-1a market is estimated to grow from $36.3 million in 2008 to $2.2 billion by 2014 at a CAGR of 87.8% from 2009 to 2014. However, the U.S. and Europe sales of branded interferon-betas are expected to fall from $4.6 billion in 2010 to $2.4 billion in 2017. The soaring cost of clinical development, the conservative prescribing habits of neurologists, and the expected decline in the use of interferon-betas may induce biosimilar developers to explore other classes of biologics to invest their R&D funds[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-669040/4-Biosimilar-products.html data].</center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#99ccff;padding:0.079cm;"| <center>'''3'''</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>Interferon gamma</center><br />
| style="padding:0.079cm;"| <center>The global biosimilar interferon gamma market was $2.2 million 2008 and is expected to reach $141.5 million in 2014 at a CAGR of 94.2% from 2009 to 2014. While the Asian market accounted for the highest share of $0.5 million in 2008, the American market is expected to have the highest CAGR of 107.6% from 2009 to 2014[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-669040/4-Biosimilar-products.html data].</center><br />
<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=RNAi_Database_sample_wiki&diff=11088RNAi Database sample wiki2015-07-27T09:34:21Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Sample of the RNAi Database Dashboard */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Sample of the RNAi Database Dashboard==<br />
[http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=587 RNAi Database]<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
<br />
[[Image:rnai1.jpg|250 px|right|thumb|RNA Interference [http://www.sciencemag.org/feature/e-market/prodlink/qiasihp.jpg Source]]]<br />
<br />
* '''RNA interference (RNAi)''', is a technique in which exogenous, double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that are complimentary to known mRNAs, are introduced into a cell to specifically destroy that particular mRNA, thereby diminishing or abolishing gene expression. <br />
* This technology considerably bolsters functional genomics to aid in the identification of novel genes involved in disease processes and thus can be used for medicament and for delivery as therapeutics. [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/328/7450/1245 Source]<br />
* RNA interference was known by other names, including post transcriptional gene silencing and quelling. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interference Source]<br />
<br />
===Effector RNA molecules===<br />
RNAi pathways are guided by small RNAs that include<br />
<br />
'''SiRNA:''' <br />
* Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, is a class of 20-25 nucleotide-long double-stranded RNA molecules. <br />
* SiRNAs can also be exogenously (artificially) introduced into cells by various transfection methods to bring about the specific knockdown of a gene of interest. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SiRNA Source]<br />
<br />
'''miRNA:'''<br />
* microRNAs (miRNA) are single-stranded RNA molecules of about 21–23 nucleotides in length, which regulate gene expression. <br />
* miRNAs are encoded by genes from whose DNA they are transcribed but miRNAs are not translated into protein (non-coding RNA); instead each primary transcript (a pri-miRNA) is processed into a short stem-loop structure called a pre-miRNA and finally into a functional miRNA. <br />
* Mature miRNA molecules are partially complementary to one or more messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, and their main function is to down-regulate gene expression. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA Source]<br />
<br />
'''shRNA:'''<br />
* A small hairpin RNA or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) is a sequence of RNA that makes a tight hairpin turn that can be used to silence gene expression via RNA interference. <br />
shRNA uses a vector introduced into cells and utilizes the U6 promoter to ensure that the shRNA is always expressed. This vector is usually passed on to daughter cells, allowing the gene silencing to be inherited. <br />
The shRNA hairpin structure is cleaved by the cellular machinery into siRNA, which is then bound to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). This complex binds to and cleaves mRNAs which match the siRNA that is bound to it. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_hairpin_RNA Source]<br />
<br />
'''Others:'''<br />
* In addition to miRNAs and siRNAs, other innate RNAi effectors have been identified.<br />
** One class of these is the Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). piRNAs seem to be uniquely expressed in the mammalian germline, particularly in the testes. The functional role of piRNAs is currently unclear, but a role in spermatogenesis is likely. <br />
** A number of other small RNAs associated with RNAi have been identified in different species, including trans-activating siRNAs (tasiRNAs), studied in plants and nematodes, and small scan RNAs (ScnRNAs), found in Tetrahymena. [http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.genom.8.080706.092424?cookieSet=1&journalCode=genom Source]<br />
<br />
==Cellular Mechanism==<br />
<br />
'''The RNA interference pathway:''' Long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) is processed by Dicer to form a small interfering RNA (siRNA), which associates with RNA-induced silencing protein complex (RISC) and mediates target sequence specificity for subsequent mRNA cleavage leading to gene silencing.<br />
<br />
[[Image:mech1.jpg|450 px|center|thumb|RNA Interference mechanism [http://arthritis-research.com/content/figures/ar1168-1.jpg Source]]]<br />
<br />
==Cancer specific Targets==<br />
[[Image:genes1.jpg|700px|center|thumb|'''Cancer specific Targets [http://journals.prous.com/journals/servlet/xmlxsl/pk_journals.xml_summaryn_pr?p_JournalId=3&p_RefId=985937 '''Source]]]<br />
<br />
=='''Intellectual property'''==<br />
<br />
=== Search Strategy===<br />
<br />
Effective search strategy ensures that all key words covering the technology are adequately covered. IPC class limitations help in removing the unwanted patents.<br />
<br />
The search strategy was employed to extract patents disclosing RNAi agents against disease causing target genes. Table below summarizes an exemplary search strategy used to extract patents for BCL2, a target gene for curing cancer.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''S.No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''Concept'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''Search scope'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''Query'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''No. of Hits'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"|RNAi<br />
|align = "center"|Claims,Title, Abstract<br />
|align = "center"|(siRNA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (short ADJ1 interfering ADJ1 RNA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (short ADJ1 interfering ADJ1 nucleic ADJ1 acid<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (short ADJ1 interfering ADJ1 NA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR siNA OR siNAs OR (si ADJ1 RNA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Small adj1 interfering adj1 RNA<nowiki>*</nowiki>)OR miRNA or (microRNA<nowiki>*</nowiki> or micro adj1 RNA<nowiki>*</nowiki>)OR shRNA or (small adj1 hairpin adj1 RNA<nowiki>*</nowiki>)OR piRNA or (Piwi adj1 interacting adj1 RNA<nowiki>*</nowiki>)OR tasiRNAs or (trans adj1 activating adj1 siRNA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR ScnRNAs or (small adj1 scan adj1 RNA<nowiki>*</nowiki>)OR RNAi or(RNA adj1 interference))<br />
|align = "center"|12729<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"|IPC<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|a61k or c12q or c12n or c07k or c07h<br />
|align = "center"|1688146<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''BCL2'''<br />
|align = "center"|Full Patent Spec<br />
|align = "center"|(Bcl2 OR (Bcell ADJ1 CLL) OR (Bcell ADJ1 Lymphoma2 ) OR DKFZp781P2092) and Current IPC-R a61k or c12q or c12n or c07k or c07h<br />
|align = "center"|3890<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" rowspan = "2"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|BCL2 <nowiki>+</nowiki> RNAi <nowiki>+</nowiki>IPC<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"| <br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''1 AND 3'''<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|'''633<br>(293 unique records)'''<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Interactive Taxonomy==<br />
<br />
Grouping specific elements into more general categories is conceptually easier and cleaner than is entertaining hundreds of specific elements separately. We categorize the information from analyzed patents and scientific literate into four levels of taxonomy which allow both “bird’s-eye view” and “in-depth views” of scientific technologies.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:tax21.jpg|1000px|center|thumb| '''Interactive Taxonomy''']]<br />
<br />
=='''Top Players and Patenting Activity'''==<br />
<br />
[[Image:bcl2.jpg|800px|center|thumb| '''Bcl-2''']]<br />
<br />
==RNAi Database Dashboard==<br />
<br />
RNAi database dashboard:<br />
<br />
*Categorize and organize large sets of product, patent, and scientific literature<br />
*Analyze client’s competitive position and that of key competitors<br />
*Identify licensing opportunities<br />
*Make build-vs.-buy decisions in new product areas<br />
*Predict product features based on technology and market trends<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:dash1.jpg|1000px|center|thumb| '''Patent Dashboard''']]<br />
<br />
==RNAi Sequence Dashboard==<br />
<br />
Sequence dashboard allows comparison of siRNA agents extracted from patents and scientific literature to the consensus sequence. Since not all the documents disclose the target sequence, the consensus sequence has to be identified and used for sequence dashboard. For example for Bcl-2, consensus sequence is retrieved from NCBI having seq. id [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/179370 '''M14745'''].<br />
<br />
The dashboard also depicts the associated information with RNAi agent on the click of your mouse such as patent number, patent title, length of RNAi agent (siRNA), identity score etc. <br />
<br />
[[Image:seq1.jpg|1000px|center|thumb| '''Sequence Dashboard''']]<br />
<br />
==Experimental data comparison matrix==<br />
<br />
Experimental data may be qualitative or quantitative, each being appropriate for different investigations.<br />
<br />
<br />
Quantitative data was captured from following RNAi experiments for patent focusing on therapeutic application and compared.<br />
<br />
* % inhibition of target mRNA expression<br />
* % encapsulation efficiency <br />
* % transfection efficiency <br />
* % tumor volume reduction<br />
* % cell count reduction <br />
<br />
More such comparison matrix can be prepared for patent having varied focus such as on delivery vehicle, nature of RNAi agents, target gene source, system used to test RNAi etc.<br />
<br />
==='''Patent Focus- Therapeutic Application'''=== <br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0" rowspan = "2"|'''Sr. No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0" rowspan = "2"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99" colspan = "2"|'''Target gene'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FF99CC" colspan = "7"|'''Experimental Details'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''RANK'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''BCL-2'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Others'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CC00"|<font color="#000000">'''Test Model'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CC00"|<font color="#000000">'''Inhibition of Target mRNA Expression (%)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CC00"|<font color="#000000">'''Encapsulation Efficiency'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CC00"|<font color="#000000">'''Transfection efficiency Increase (%)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CC00"|<font color="#000000">'''Tumor Volume Reduction (%)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CC00"|<font color="#000000">'''Cell Count Reduction (%)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CC00"|<font color="#000000">'''Other Remarks'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''1'''<br />
|align = "center"| [http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070298056%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070298056&RS=DN/20070298056 US20070298056A1]<br />
<br />
|align = "center"|Yes<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|Human colon cancer (Caco-2) xenografts in nude mice<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|90.08%<br>Day 25 <br>(Fig 2)<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''2'''<br />
|align = "center"| [http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080038296%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080038296&RS=DN/20080038296 US20080038296A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Yes<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|In vivo (Mice)<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|61.29%<br>Day 13<br>(Fig 3)<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "center"| [http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070258952%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070258952&RS=DN/20070258952 US20070258952A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Yes<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|Human pancreatic carcinoma H79 xenografts<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|49.23%<br>Day 25<br>(Fig 4)<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "center"| [http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070172847%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070172847&RS=DN/20070172847 US20070172847A1]<br />
|align = "center"|Yes<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"|Ramos cells<br />
|align = "center"|80%<br>(Fig 4. B)<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''Ranking of patents''' can be done on the basis of focus of the study, experimental data disclosed, effectiveness of RNAi agent, type of model used to test the RNAi agent, etc. <br />
<br />
Advantages:<br />
*Information disclosure wise sorting available.<br />
*Efficiency of different RNAi agent against target gene can be compared.<br />
*Different models used to test cell line and the efficiency can also be compared.<br />
<br />
===Qualitative Data from Patent Documents=== <br />
<br />
Experiments yielding qualitative data, mentioned below, can’t be compared but are equally important. We did not miss them!<br />
<br />
* Gel electrophoresis<br />
* Gel blots<br />
* Tissue section* Cell staining<br />
* RNAi agent construction<br />
<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent/ Publication No.'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Gel blots'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Gel Electrophorosis'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Tissue section micrograph'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Cell staining micrograph'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''RNAi Agent Construction'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''US20080021205A1'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Yes<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Yes<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''US20070275465A1'''<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Yes<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''WO2007013575A2'''<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Yes<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Yes<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''US20070081982A1'''<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Yes<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''WO2007013575A2'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Yes<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Yes<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''US20050266561A1'''<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center"|_ _<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|Yes<br />
|-<br />
|} *Mathematically incomparable data disclosed in patents</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Nonprofit_Event_Management-_Business_Models&diff=11067Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models2014-10-08T05:14:11Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Nonprofit sector in USA==<br />
<br />
* 1.58 million nonprofits were registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 2011, an increase of 21.5 percent from 2001.<br />
* An estimated $836.9 billion was contributed to the U.S. economy by the nonprofit sector in 2011(Excluding nonprofit institutions serving government or business), which made up 5.6 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP).<br />
* In 2012, total private giving from individuals, foundations, and businesses was around $316.23 billion for the first time since the recession started, an increase of nearly 4 percent from 2011.<br />
* In 2011, almost 1 million organizations were classified as public charities, which represents three-fifths of all registered nonprofits.<br />
* Close to 56.8 percent of reporting organizations were public charities in 2011.Accounting for more than three-quarters of revenues and expenses for the nonprofit sector, public charities reported $1.59 trillion in revenues and $1.50 trillion in expenses. Assets held by public charities account for more than three-fifths of the sector total.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br><br />
===Number and Finances of Reporting Public Charities by Subsector, 2011===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align= "center"<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| <br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| $ Billion<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|Percent (%)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|Number<br />
|align = "center"|%<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|All public charities<br />
|align = "right"|335,037<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|1,593.6<br />
|align = "right"|1,498.2<br />
|align = "right"|2,856.0<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"| <br />
:Arts, culture, and humanities<br />
|align = "right"|35,164<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|align = "right"|30.8<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|101.7<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|3.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Education<br />
|align = "right"|58,568<br />
|align = "right"|17.5<br />
|align = "right"|269.2<br />
|align = "right"|243.8<br />
|align = "right"|851.4<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|16.3<br />
|align = "right"|29.8<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Higher education<br />
|align = "right"|2,094<br />
|align = "right"|0.6<br />
|align = "right"|174.8<br />
|align = "right"|158.8<br />
|align = "right"|548.8<br />
|align = "right"|11<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|align = "right"|19.2<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other education<br />
|align = "right"|56,474<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|94.4<br />
|align = "right"|85<br />
|align = "right"|302.6<br />
|align = "right"|5.9<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Environment and animals<br />
|align = "right"|15,110<br />
|align = "right"|4.5<br />
|align = "right"|14.9<br />
|align = "right"|13.4<br />
|align = "right"|36.3<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.3<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Health<br />
|align = "right"|41,619<br />
|align = "right"|12.4<br />
|align = "right"|942.4<br />
|align = "right"|895.3<br />
|align = "right"|1,202.6<br />
|align = "right"|59.1<br />
|align = "right"|59.8<br />
|align = "right"|42.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Hospitals and primary care facilities<br />
|align = "right"|7,308<br />
|align = "right"|2.2<br />
|align = "right"|798.5<br />
|align = "right"|758.4<br />
|align = "right"|973.3<br />
|align = "right"|50.1<br />
|align = "right"|50.6<br />
|align = "right"|34.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other healthcare<br />
|align = "right"|34,311<br />
|align = "right"|10.2<br />
|align = "right"|143.8<br />
|align = "right"|136.9<br />
|align = "right"|229.3<br />
|align = "right"|9.0<br />
|align = "right"|9.1<br />
|align = "right"|8.0<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Human services<br />
|align = "right"|116,643<br />
|align = "right"|34.8<br />
|align = "right"|202.4<br />
|align = "right"|195.8<br />
|align = "right"|303.7<br />
|align = "right"|12.7<br />
|align = "right"|13.1<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:International and foreign affairs<br />
|align = "right"|7,007<br />
|align = "right"|2.1<br />
|align = "right"|28.9<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|30<br />
|align = "right"|1.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Public and social benefits<br />
|align = "right"|39,415<br />
|align = "right"|11.8<br />
|align = "right"|91.4<br />
|align = "right"|81<br />
|align = "right"|300.1<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|5.4<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Religion-related<br />
|align = "right"|21,511<br />
|align = "right"|6.4<br />
|align = "right"|13.8<br />
|align = "right"|12.6<br />
|align = "right"|30.2<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br />
==Steps in event management==<br />
<br />
===Before the event===<br />
# Fundraising - which may involve one or more of the following types:<br />
## Merchandising - Selling goods to raise fund.Organizations involved : [http://www.cafepress.com/+nposhops+gifts Cafepress], [http://www.smartcausedigital.com/articles/sell-merchandise-your-nonprofit-without-dealing-inventory#.U6Js9pSSySo SmartCause Digital]<br />
## Donation - Donations for the events could also be raised through certain online sources like [https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]<br />
# Payment processing etc. - Certain bodies are present who work exclusively for non-profit organisation payment processing like [https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud], [http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah] and [http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits BluePay]<br />
# Handling registration for the event<br />
# Accounts book-keeping<br />
# Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date like [http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ nonprofitCMS] and [http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Web Works]<br />
# Recruitment of volunteers - companies like [http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan] and [https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteer Match]<br />
# Marketing for the event - companies like [http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent] and [http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]<br />
<br />
===During the event===<br />
# Logistical support like food, accommodation, lighting, generators etc.<br />
# Timekeeers - companies like [https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]<br />
<br />
===After the event===<br />
# Accounting and auditing of records<br />
# Managing mailing list<br />
# Communication with participants <br />
# Communication with institution for which event was organized<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|<mm>[[Nonprofit Event Management Activities.mm]]</mm><br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Companies==<br />
<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Before the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|1<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Fundraising (Online fundraising software)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.kickstarter.com/ Kickstarter]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/?pc=cf2 Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/ YouCaring]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.causes.com/ Causes]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorschoose.org/ Donors Choose]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.buzzbnk.org/ Buzzbnk]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://startsomegood.com/ Start Some Good]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.causevox.com/ Causevox]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/ Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.returnonchange.com/ Return on Change]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Fundraising (Merchandizing)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zazzle.com/charity+stamps Zazzle]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cafepress.com/+nonprofit+gifts Cafepress]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.spreadshirt.com/ Spreadshirt]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.printfection.com/ Printfection]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.winwinsportswear.com/fundraising-options.aspx Win-Win Sportswear]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.charity-merchandise.co.uk/ Charity-merchandise]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Payment processing<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.paypal.com/in/webapps/mpp/home Paypal]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.wepay.com/ WePay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits Bluepay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gifttool.com/ GiftTool]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.clickandpledge.com/ Click & Pledge]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.qgiv.com/ Qgiv]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ MemberClicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.iatspayments.com/ IATS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.contribute.com/ Contribute]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/donation-processing.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greater Giving]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Handling registration for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.eventbrite.com/t/free-online-event-registration Eventbrite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ Active Network, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.avectra.com/ Avectra]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.aptean.com/products/gomembers-ams Aptean]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tendenci.com/ Tendenci]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://fluittsolutions.com/registration Fluitt Solutions]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|Accounts book-keeping<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eisneramper.com/industries/nonprofit_organizations/ EisnerAmper]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nonprofitsuite.com/accounting-services/ Nonprofit Suite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rennercpa.com/index.html?page=accounting-services-nonprofit-auditing-taxation Renner & Company]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.smjones.com/ Susan Matlack Jones & Associates]</u></font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ Non-profit CMS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.webstarttoday.com/website-builder/non-profit-organization-website/ Web Start Today]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Webworks]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|Recruitment of volunteers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteermatch]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.thedatabank.com/ The Data Bank]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|Marketing for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/index.jsp Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|9<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Donor management (CRM)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nationbuilder.com/ NationBuilder]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salsalabs.com/ Salsa Labs]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vtiger.com/ vtiger]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wildapricot.com/ Wild Apricot]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://civicrm.org/ CivicCRM ]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorperfect.com/ Donor Perfect]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://bloomerang.co/about/why/ Bloomerang]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://sumac.com/ Sumac]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donortools.com/ Donor Tools]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://orangeleap.com/ OrangeLeap]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.agoodcloud.com/ A good Cloud]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Logistical support like food, accommodation<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.axisg.com/services/event-management/ Axis Global Systems]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.openspark.co/content/event-logistics-management OpenSpark]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://eventlm.com/ Events Logistics Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mclabs.com/meeting-services/event-logistics.aspx MicroTek]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Timekeepers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://rfidtiming.com/ RFID Timing]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|3<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Event management companies<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/ Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eventbrite.com/ Event Brite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/ Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.brownpapertickets.com/ Brown Paper Tickets]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ RegOnline]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.etouches.com/ eTouches]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://ticketbud.com/ Ticketbud]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.doubleknot.com/ Double Knot]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.volunteerhub.com/ VolunteerHub]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.arts-people.com/ Arts People]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ungerboeck.com/ Ungerboeck]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.yourmembership.com/ Your Membership]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rotundasoftware.com/volunteerschedulerpro/common/howItWorks/howItWorks.php?prog=VSP Rotunda Software, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ Memberclicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.activeendurance.com/ Active Endurance]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acteva.com/ Acteva]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greatergiving]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/ Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://pacificsportsllc.com/ Pacific Sports LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://indrapr.com/nonprofit/ Indra PR]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Event equipment rentals<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/pages/equipment-rental.php Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''After the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Accounting and auditing of records<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://us.intacct.com/your-business/your-industry/accounting-software-for-nonprofits Intacct]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accufund.com/ AccuFund]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.abila.com/solutions/abila-nonprofit-online Abila]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Event results<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.softrek.com/services/nonprofit-business-intelligence-and-reporting SofTrek Corporation]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|Managing mailing list & Communication with participants <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/receipts-and-acknowledgments.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://aherncomm.com/ss_plugins/content/content.php?content.1000 Ahern Donor Communications]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Business Models==<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for nonprofit companies===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for nonprofit companies]]<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for event management===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for event management.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for event management]]<br />
<br><br />
===Fee structure===<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising management software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Fee for using the software'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Percentage of the fundraising dollars and transcation fees'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Technical support and training'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Website Development'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/pricing.cfm Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/app/services/download.cfm?f=pledgeFS DoJiggy Pledge is a complete web-based registration and fundraising management system. $449 annually for up to 100 event participants. This is a single event license. <br>100 Additional Registrant -$169]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|Yes ($100/hour)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising through crowdfunding'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Platform Fees are deducted from each donation'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Payment processing charges'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Monthly fees or setup costs'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Web page design'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/ Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Gofundme 5% ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Wepay 2.9% +$0.30 per donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://support.indiegogo.com/hc/en-us/articles/202444736-How-To-Raise-Tax-Deductible-Funds For nonprofit,<br>reach your goal -3%<br>don't reach your goal -6.75%]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://go.indiegogo.com/pricing-fees 3-5% for credit card or PayPal processing]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/ Giveforward]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>5% per transaction</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>2.9% + $0.50 </u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.youcaring.com/ Youcaring]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/fees 0%. Supported by thousands of contributors.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/learn/raise-more-money 2.9% + $.30 per transaction<br>(+ 5% automatic "tip" for donors)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/p/nonprofits 4.9% transaction fee ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/razoo-difference? 2.0% + 30¢ payment processing fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/ Stayclassy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 4% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 2.2% + $0.30 /transaction<br>+1% for AMEX and +1% for International Transactions]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing $99/Month Subscription fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/ Network for Good]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow 3% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/nonprofits 2.9% + $0.30]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow $69.95/Month. No Set-Up Fees]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/no-hidden-fees-policy Custom webpage Design Fee: $299]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq Fee of 3%-5% of the funds]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq 2.9%+$0.30 fee from each donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/charities/choose $49/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Donor CRM software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Software modules subscription'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Additional fee for users'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Transaction fees (Payment processing)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' '''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing Up to two modules are included with the Standard NeonCRM monthly fee: Under 15,000 contituent records $149/month. <br>Each Additional Module: (Under 15,000 constituents) +$40/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing 10 users can use at the same time. Additional users: $50/month per 5 users.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://store.sugarcrm.com/ Sugar Enterprise Edition - $60<br>user/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/crm/comparison.html ENTERPRISE: $35 /user /month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/get-started-nonprofit/ Enterprise Edition: $30 per user/per month * (billed annually)<br>first 10 EE licenses are FREE]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|5<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/files/resources/downloads/Datasheet_FE_CloudComputing.pdf Fund Accounting Software (Financial Edge ESSENTIALS) -$550/MONTH]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/etapestry/pricing-plans Fundraising CRM (eTapestry ESSENTIALS) - $199 /month<br>5,000 Records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/raisers-edge/pricing-plans The Raiser's Edge (online fundraising) - Unlimited records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://mashable.com/2012/05/21/nonprofits-blackbaud/ 4.95% and $0.30 per transaction]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Crowdfunding platform business models===<br />
*'''Commissions on funds raised:'''<br />
::This is by far the most common of all in the crowdfunding space. It's easy to understand for fund raisers and is also risk-free for them. In fact it's risk-free because you're the one bearing the risk, as you need to pay for software and support without the certainty of earning anything back. In addition, commissions require high volumes to make any good amount of money. Whether it is a crowdfunding or crowdinvesting platform, both have commission-based business models where they take a percentage of the profits (typically [http://www.lumosforbusiness.com/blog/792 4 – 7.5%]) from every successfully funded campaign on their platform.<br />
<br />
*'''Listing fees:'''<br />
::This one is more common on equity crowdfunding platforms, simply because the structure of the investment doesn't allow for commissions. They can be one-off or monthly. Their advantage is that you're guaranteed to earn these fees whatever happens. On the flip side, you won't benefit from a project's potential success.<br />
<br />
*'''Transaction fees:'''<br />
::This is a middle-ground between commissions and listing fees. Every time someone makes an investment or a donation, you can add a non-refundable, fixed or variable transaction fee, paying for using the service. It's a little less popular but can prove effective in building sustainable revenues.<br />
<br />
*'''Additional services:'''<br />
::Most fundraisers will need videos, pictures and marketing. Some will also need more specific services like order management and fulfillment. By offering such added-value services you can make your users' lives much easier and earn more money.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.towema.com/blog/159-Four-business-models-for-your-crowdfunding-platform Towema]<br />
<br></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Nonprofit_Event_Management_Activities.mm&diff=11066File:Nonprofit Event Management Activities.mm2014-10-08T05:13:05Z<p>Thungana.praveen: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Nonprofit_Event_Management-_Business_Models&diff=11065Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models2014-10-07T13:04:18Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Nonprofit sector in USA==<br />
<br />
* 1.58 million nonprofits were registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 2011, an increase of 21.5 percent from 2001.<br />
* An estimated $836.9 billion was contributed to the U.S. economy by the nonprofit sector in 2011(Excluding nonprofit institutions serving government or business), which made up 5.6 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP).<br />
* In 2012, total private giving from individuals, foundations, and businesses was around $316.23 billion for the first time since the recession started, an increase of nearly 4 percent from 2011.<br />
* In 2011, almost 1 million organizations were classified as public charities, which represents three-fifths of all registered nonprofits.<br />
* Close to 56.8 percent of reporting organizations were public charities in 2011.Accounting for more than three-quarters of revenues and expenses for the nonprofit sector, public charities reported $1.59 trillion in revenues and $1.50 trillion in expenses. Assets held by public charities account for more than three-fifths of the sector total.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br><br />
===Number and Finances of Reporting Public Charities by Subsector, 2011===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align= "center"<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| <br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| $ Billion<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|Percent (%)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|Number<br />
|align = "center"|%<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|All public charities<br />
|align = "right"|335,037<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|1,593.6<br />
|align = "right"|1,498.2<br />
|align = "right"|2,856.0<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"| <br />
:Arts, culture, and humanities<br />
|align = "right"|35,164<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|align = "right"|30.8<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|101.7<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|3.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Education<br />
|align = "right"|58,568<br />
|align = "right"|17.5<br />
|align = "right"|269.2<br />
|align = "right"|243.8<br />
|align = "right"|851.4<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|16.3<br />
|align = "right"|29.8<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Higher education<br />
|align = "right"|2,094<br />
|align = "right"|0.6<br />
|align = "right"|174.8<br />
|align = "right"|158.8<br />
|align = "right"|548.8<br />
|align = "right"|11<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|align = "right"|19.2<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other education<br />
|align = "right"|56,474<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|94.4<br />
|align = "right"|85<br />
|align = "right"|302.6<br />
|align = "right"|5.9<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Environment and animals<br />
|align = "right"|15,110<br />
|align = "right"|4.5<br />
|align = "right"|14.9<br />
|align = "right"|13.4<br />
|align = "right"|36.3<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.3<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Health<br />
|align = "right"|41,619<br />
|align = "right"|12.4<br />
|align = "right"|942.4<br />
|align = "right"|895.3<br />
|align = "right"|1,202.6<br />
|align = "right"|59.1<br />
|align = "right"|59.8<br />
|align = "right"|42.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Hospitals and primary care facilities<br />
|align = "right"|7,308<br />
|align = "right"|2.2<br />
|align = "right"|798.5<br />
|align = "right"|758.4<br />
|align = "right"|973.3<br />
|align = "right"|50.1<br />
|align = "right"|50.6<br />
|align = "right"|34.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other healthcare<br />
|align = "right"|34,311<br />
|align = "right"|10.2<br />
|align = "right"|143.8<br />
|align = "right"|136.9<br />
|align = "right"|229.3<br />
|align = "right"|9.0<br />
|align = "right"|9.1<br />
|align = "right"|8.0<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Human services<br />
|align = "right"|116,643<br />
|align = "right"|34.8<br />
|align = "right"|202.4<br />
|align = "right"|195.8<br />
|align = "right"|303.7<br />
|align = "right"|12.7<br />
|align = "right"|13.1<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:International and foreign affairs<br />
|align = "right"|7,007<br />
|align = "right"|2.1<br />
|align = "right"|28.9<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|30<br />
|align = "right"|1.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Public and social benefits<br />
|align = "right"|39,415<br />
|align = "right"|11.8<br />
|align = "right"|91.4<br />
|align = "right"|81<br />
|align = "right"|300.1<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|5.4<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Religion-related<br />
|align = "right"|21,511<br />
|align = "right"|6.4<br />
|align = "right"|13.8<br />
|align = "right"|12.6<br />
|align = "right"|30.2<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br />
==Steps in event management==<br />
<br />
===Before the event===<br />
# Fundraising - which may involve one or more of the following types:<br />
## Merchandising - Selling goods to raise fund.Organizations involved : [http://www.cafepress.com/+nposhops+gifts Cafepress], [http://www.smartcausedigital.com/articles/sell-merchandise-your-nonprofit-without-dealing-inventory#.U6Js9pSSySo SmartCause Digital]<br />
## Donation - Donations for the events could also be raised through certain online sources like [https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]<br />
# Payment processing etc. - Certain bodies are present who work exclusively for non-profit organisation payment processing like [https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud], [http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah] and [http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits BluePay]<br />
# Handling registration for the event<br />
# Accounts book-keeping<br />
# Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date like [http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ nonprofitCMS] and [http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Web Works]<br />
# Recruitment of volunteers - companies like [http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan] and [https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteer Match]<br />
# Marketing for the event - companies like [http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent] and [http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]<br />
<br />
===During the event===<br />
# Logistical support like food, accommodation, lighting, generators etc.<br />
# Timekeeers - companies like [https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]<br />
<br />
===After the event===<br />
# Accounting and auditing of records<br />
# Managing mailing list<br />
# Communication with participants <br />
# Communication with institution for which event was organized<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|<mm>[[Nonprofit_Event_Management_Activities.mm ]]</mm><br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Companies==<br />
<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Before the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|1<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Fundraising (Online fundraising software)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.kickstarter.com/ Kickstarter]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/?pc=cf2 Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/ YouCaring]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.causes.com/ Causes]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorschoose.org/ Donors Choose]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.buzzbnk.org/ Buzzbnk]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://startsomegood.com/ Start Some Good]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.causevox.com/ Causevox]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/ Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.returnonchange.com/ Return on Change]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Fundraising (Merchandizing)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zazzle.com/charity+stamps Zazzle]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cafepress.com/+nonprofit+gifts Cafepress]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.spreadshirt.com/ Spreadshirt]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.printfection.com/ Printfection]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.winwinsportswear.com/fundraising-options.aspx Win-Win Sportswear]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.charity-merchandise.co.uk/ Charity-merchandise]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Payment processing<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.paypal.com/in/webapps/mpp/home Paypal]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.wepay.com/ WePay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits Bluepay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gifttool.com/ GiftTool]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.clickandpledge.com/ Click & Pledge]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.qgiv.com/ Qgiv]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ MemberClicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.iatspayments.com/ IATS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.contribute.com/ Contribute]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/donation-processing.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greater Giving]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Handling registration for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.eventbrite.com/t/free-online-event-registration Eventbrite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ Active Network, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.avectra.com/ Avectra]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.aptean.com/products/gomembers-ams Aptean]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tendenci.com/ Tendenci]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://fluittsolutions.com/registration Fluitt Solutions]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|Accounts book-keeping<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eisneramper.com/industries/nonprofit_organizations/ EisnerAmper]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nonprofitsuite.com/accounting-services/ Nonprofit Suite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rennercpa.com/index.html?page=accounting-services-nonprofit-auditing-taxation Renner & Company]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.smjones.com/ Susan Matlack Jones & Associates]</u></font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ Non-profit CMS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.webstarttoday.com/website-builder/non-profit-organization-website/ Web Start Today]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Webworks]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|Recruitment of volunteers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteermatch]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.thedatabank.com/ The Data Bank]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|Marketing for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/index.jsp Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|9<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Donor management (CRM)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nationbuilder.com/ NationBuilder]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salsalabs.com/ Salsa Labs]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vtiger.com/ vtiger]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wildapricot.com/ Wild Apricot]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://civicrm.org/ CivicCRM ]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorperfect.com/ Donor Perfect]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://bloomerang.co/about/why/ Bloomerang]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://sumac.com/ Sumac]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donortools.com/ Donor Tools]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://orangeleap.com/ OrangeLeap]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.agoodcloud.com/ A good Cloud]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Logistical support like food, accommodation<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.axisg.com/services/event-management/ Axis Global Systems]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.openspark.co/content/event-logistics-management OpenSpark]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://eventlm.com/ Events Logistics Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mclabs.com/meeting-services/event-logistics.aspx MicroTek]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Timekeepers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://rfidtiming.com/ RFID Timing]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|3<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Event management companies<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/ Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eventbrite.com/ Event Brite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/ Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.brownpapertickets.com/ Brown Paper Tickets]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ RegOnline]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.etouches.com/ eTouches]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://ticketbud.com/ Ticketbud]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.doubleknot.com/ Double Knot]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.volunteerhub.com/ VolunteerHub]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.arts-people.com/ Arts People]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ungerboeck.com/ Ungerboeck]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.yourmembership.com/ Your Membership]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rotundasoftware.com/volunteerschedulerpro/common/howItWorks/howItWorks.php?prog=VSP Rotunda Software, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ Memberclicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.activeendurance.com/ Active Endurance]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acteva.com/ Acteva]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greatergiving]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/ Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://pacificsportsllc.com/ Pacific Sports LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://indrapr.com/nonprofit/ Indra PR]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Event equipment rentals<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/pages/equipment-rental.php Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''After the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Accounting and auditing of records<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://us.intacct.com/your-business/your-industry/accounting-software-for-nonprofits Intacct]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accufund.com/ AccuFund]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.abila.com/solutions/abila-nonprofit-online Abila]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Event results<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.softrek.com/services/nonprofit-business-intelligence-and-reporting SofTrek Corporation]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|Managing mailing list & Communication with participants <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/receipts-and-acknowledgments.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://aherncomm.com/ss_plugins/content/content.php?content.1000 Ahern Donor Communications]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Business Models==<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for nonprofit companies===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for nonprofit companies]]<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for event management===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for event management.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for event management]]<br />
<br><br />
===Fee structure===<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising management software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Fee for using the software'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Percentage of the fundraising dollars and transcation fees'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Technical support and training'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Website Development'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/pricing.cfm Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/app/services/download.cfm?f=pledgeFS DoJiggy Pledge is a complete web-based registration and fundraising management system. $449 annually for up to 100 event participants. This is a single event license. <br>100 Additional Registrant -$169]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|Yes ($100/hour)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising through crowdfunding'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Platform Fees are deducted from each donation'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Payment processing charges'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Monthly fees or setup costs'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Web page design'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/ Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Gofundme 5% ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Wepay 2.9% +$0.30 per donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://support.indiegogo.com/hc/en-us/articles/202444736-How-To-Raise-Tax-Deductible-Funds For nonprofit,<br>reach your goal -3%<br>don't reach your goal -6.75%]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://go.indiegogo.com/pricing-fees 3-5% for credit card or PayPal processing]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/ Giveforward]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>5% per transaction</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>2.9% + $0.50 </u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.youcaring.com/ Youcaring]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/fees 0%. Supported by thousands of contributors.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/learn/raise-more-money 2.9% + $.30 per transaction<br>(+ 5% automatic "tip" for donors)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/p/nonprofits 4.9% transaction fee ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/razoo-difference? 2.0% + 30¢ payment processing fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/ Stayclassy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 4% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 2.2% + $0.30 /transaction<br>+1% for AMEX and +1% for International Transactions]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing $99/Month Subscription fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/ Network for Good]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow 3% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/nonprofits 2.9% + $0.30]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow $69.95/Month. No Set-Up Fees]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/no-hidden-fees-policy Custom webpage Design Fee: $299]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq Fee of 3%-5% of the funds]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq 2.9%+$0.30 fee from each donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/charities/choose $49/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Donor CRM software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Software modules subscription'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Additional fee for users'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Transaction fees (Payment processing)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' '''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing Up to two modules are included with the Standard NeonCRM monthly fee: Under 15,000 contituent records $149/month. <br>Each Additional Module: (Under 15,000 constituents) +$40/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing 10 users can use at the same time. Additional users: $50/month per 5 users.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://store.sugarcrm.com/ Sugar Enterprise Edition - $60<br>user/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/crm/comparison.html ENTERPRISE: $35 /user /month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/get-started-nonprofit/ Enterprise Edition: $30 per user/per month * (billed annually)<br>first 10 EE licenses are FREE]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|5<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/files/resources/downloads/Datasheet_FE_CloudComputing.pdf Fund Accounting Software (Financial Edge ESSENTIALS) -$550/MONTH]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/etapestry/pricing-plans Fundraising CRM (eTapestry ESSENTIALS) - $199 /month<br>5,000 Records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/raisers-edge/pricing-plans The Raiser's Edge (online fundraising) - Unlimited records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://mashable.com/2012/05/21/nonprofits-blackbaud/ 4.95% and $0.30 per transaction]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Crowdfunding platform business models===<br />
*'''Commissions on funds raised:'''<br />
::This is by far the most common of all in the crowdfunding space. It's easy to understand for fund raisers and is also risk-free for them. In fact it's risk-free because you're the one bearing the risk, as you need to pay for software and support without the certainty of earning anything back. In addition, commissions require high volumes to make any good amount of money. Whether it is a crowdfunding or crowdinvesting platform, both have commission-based business models where they take a percentage of the profits (typically [http://www.lumosforbusiness.com/blog/792 4 – 7.5%]) from every successfully funded campaign on their platform.<br />
<br />
*'''Listing fees:'''<br />
::This one is more common on equity crowdfunding platforms, simply because the structure of the investment doesn't allow for commissions. They can be one-off or monthly. Their advantage is that you're guaranteed to earn these fees whatever happens. On the flip side, you won't benefit from a project's potential success.<br />
<br />
*'''Transaction fees:'''<br />
::This is a middle-ground between commissions and listing fees. Every time someone makes an investment or a donation, you can add a non-refundable, fixed or variable transaction fee, paying for using the service. It's a little less popular but can prove effective in building sustainable revenues.<br />
<br />
*'''Additional services:'''<br />
::Most fundraisers will need videos, pictures and marketing. Some will also need more specific services like order management and fulfillment. By offering such added-value services you can make your users' lives much easier and earn more money.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.towema.com/blog/159-Four-business-models-for-your-crowdfunding-platform Towema]<br />
<br></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Nonprofit_Event_Management-_Business_Models&diff=11064Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models2014-10-07T09:12:01Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Nonprofit sector in USA==<br />
<br />
* 1.58 million nonprofits were registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 2011, an increase of 21.5 percent from 2001.<br />
* An estimated $836.9 billion was contributed to the U.S. economy by the nonprofit sector in 2011(Excluding nonprofit institutions serving government or business), which made up 5.6 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP).<br />
* In 2012, total private giving from individuals, foundations, and businesses was around $316.23 billion for the first time since the recession started, an increase of nearly 4 percent from 2011.<br />
* In 2011, almost 1 million organizations were classified as public charities, which represents three-fifths of all registered nonprofits.<br />
* Close to 56.8 percent of reporting organizations were public charities in 2011.Accounting for more than three-quarters of revenues and expenses for the nonprofit sector, public charities reported $1.59 trillion in revenues and $1.50 trillion in expenses. Assets held by public charities account for more than three-fifths of the sector total.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br><br />
===Number and Finances of Reporting Public Charities by Subsector, 2011===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align= "center"<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| <br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| $ Billion<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|Percent (%)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|Number<br />
|align = "center"|%<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|All public charities<br />
|align = "right"|335,037<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|1,593.6<br />
|align = "right"|1,498.2<br />
|align = "right"|2,856.0<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"| <br />
:Arts, culture, and humanities<br />
|align = "right"|35,164<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|align = "right"|30.8<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|101.7<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|3.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Education<br />
|align = "right"|58,568<br />
|align = "right"|17.5<br />
|align = "right"|269.2<br />
|align = "right"|243.8<br />
|align = "right"|851.4<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|16.3<br />
|align = "right"|29.8<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Higher education<br />
|align = "right"|2,094<br />
|align = "right"|0.6<br />
|align = "right"|174.8<br />
|align = "right"|158.8<br />
|align = "right"|548.8<br />
|align = "right"|11<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|align = "right"|19.2<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other education<br />
|align = "right"|56,474<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|94.4<br />
|align = "right"|85<br />
|align = "right"|302.6<br />
|align = "right"|5.9<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Environment and animals<br />
|align = "right"|15,110<br />
|align = "right"|4.5<br />
|align = "right"|14.9<br />
|align = "right"|13.4<br />
|align = "right"|36.3<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.3<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Health<br />
|align = "right"|41,619<br />
|align = "right"|12.4<br />
|align = "right"|942.4<br />
|align = "right"|895.3<br />
|align = "right"|1,202.6<br />
|align = "right"|59.1<br />
|align = "right"|59.8<br />
|align = "right"|42.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Hospitals and primary care facilities<br />
|align = "right"|7,308<br />
|align = "right"|2.2<br />
|align = "right"|798.5<br />
|align = "right"|758.4<br />
|align = "right"|973.3<br />
|align = "right"|50.1<br />
|align = "right"|50.6<br />
|align = "right"|34.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other healthcare<br />
|align = "right"|34,311<br />
|align = "right"|10.2<br />
|align = "right"|143.8<br />
|align = "right"|136.9<br />
|align = "right"|229.3<br />
|align = "right"|9.0<br />
|align = "right"|9.1<br />
|align = "right"|8.0<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Human services<br />
|align = "right"|116,643<br />
|align = "right"|34.8<br />
|align = "right"|202.4<br />
|align = "right"|195.8<br />
|align = "right"|303.7<br />
|align = "right"|12.7<br />
|align = "right"|13.1<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:International and foreign affairs<br />
|align = "right"|7,007<br />
|align = "right"|2.1<br />
|align = "right"|28.9<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|30<br />
|align = "right"|1.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Public and social benefits<br />
|align = "right"|39,415<br />
|align = "right"|11.8<br />
|align = "right"|91.4<br />
|align = "right"|81<br />
|align = "right"|300.1<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|5.4<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Religion-related<br />
|align = "right"|21,511<br />
|align = "right"|6.4<br />
|align = "right"|13.8<br />
|align = "right"|12.6<br />
|align = "right"|30.2<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br />
==Steps in event management==<br />
<br />
===Before the event===<br />
# Fundraising - which may involve one or more of the following types:<br />
## Merchandising - Selling goods to raise fund.Organizations involved : [http://www.cafepress.com/+nposhops+gifts Cafepress], [http://www.smartcausedigital.com/articles/sell-merchandise-your-nonprofit-without-dealing-inventory#.U6Js9pSSySo SmartCause Digital]<br />
## Donation - Donations for the events could also be raised through certain online sources like [https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]<br />
# Payment processing etc. - Certain bodies are present who work exclusively for non-profit organisation payment processing like [https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud], [http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah] and [http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits BluePay]<br />
# Handling registration for the event<br />
# Accounts book-keeping<br />
# Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date like [http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ nonprofitCMS] and [http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Web Works]<br />
# Recruitment of volunteers - companies like [http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan] and [https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteer Match]<br />
# Marketing for the event - companies like [http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent] and [http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]<br />
<br />
===During the event===<br />
# Logistical support like food, accommodation, lighting, generators etc.<br />
# Timekeeers - companies like [https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]<br />
<br />
===After the event===<br />
# Accounting and auditing of records<br />
# Managing mailing list<br />
# Communication with participants <br />
# Communication with institution for which event was organized<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
<mm>[[Nonprofit_Event_Management_Activities.mm]]</mm><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Companies==<br />
<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Before the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|1<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Fundraising (Online fundraising software)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.kickstarter.com/ Kickstarter]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/?pc=cf2 Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/ YouCaring]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.causes.com/ Causes]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorschoose.org/ Donors Choose]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.buzzbnk.org/ Buzzbnk]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://startsomegood.com/ Start Some Good]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.causevox.com/ Causevox]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/ Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.returnonchange.com/ Return on Change]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Fundraising (Merchandizing)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zazzle.com/charity+stamps Zazzle]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cafepress.com/+nonprofit+gifts Cafepress]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.spreadshirt.com/ Spreadshirt]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.printfection.com/ Printfection]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.winwinsportswear.com/fundraising-options.aspx Win-Win Sportswear]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.charity-merchandise.co.uk/ Charity-merchandise]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Payment processing<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.paypal.com/in/webapps/mpp/home Paypal]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.wepay.com/ WePay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits Bluepay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gifttool.com/ GiftTool]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.clickandpledge.com/ Click & Pledge]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.qgiv.com/ Qgiv]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ MemberClicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.iatspayments.com/ IATS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.contribute.com/ Contribute]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/donation-processing.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greater Giving]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Handling registration for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.eventbrite.com/t/free-online-event-registration Eventbrite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ Active Network, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.avectra.com/ Avectra]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.aptean.com/products/gomembers-ams Aptean]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tendenci.com/ Tendenci]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://fluittsolutions.com/registration Fluitt Solutions]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|Accounts book-keeping<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eisneramper.com/industries/nonprofit_organizations/ EisnerAmper]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nonprofitsuite.com/accounting-services/ Nonprofit Suite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rennercpa.com/index.html?page=accounting-services-nonprofit-auditing-taxation Renner & Company]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.smjones.com/ Susan Matlack Jones & Associates]</u></font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ Non-profit CMS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.webstarttoday.com/website-builder/non-profit-organization-website/ Web Start Today]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Webworks]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|Recruitment of volunteers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteermatch]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.thedatabank.com/ The Data Bank]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|Marketing for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/index.jsp Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|9<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Donor management (CRM)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nationbuilder.com/ NationBuilder]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salsalabs.com/ Salsa Labs]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vtiger.com/ vtiger]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wildapricot.com/ Wild Apricot]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://civicrm.org/ CivicCRM ]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorperfect.com/ Donor Perfect]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://bloomerang.co/about/why/ Bloomerang]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://sumac.com/ Sumac]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donortools.com/ Donor Tools]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://orangeleap.com/ OrangeLeap]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.agoodcloud.com/ A good Cloud]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Logistical support like food, accommodation<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.axisg.com/services/event-management/ Axis Global Systems]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.openspark.co/content/event-logistics-management OpenSpark]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://eventlm.com/ Events Logistics Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mclabs.com/meeting-services/event-logistics.aspx MicroTek]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Timekeepers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://rfidtiming.com/ RFID Timing]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|3<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Event management companies<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/ Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eventbrite.com/ Event Brite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/ Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.brownpapertickets.com/ Brown Paper Tickets]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ RegOnline]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.etouches.com/ eTouches]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://ticketbud.com/ Ticketbud]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.doubleknot.com/ Double Knot]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.volunteerhub.com/ VolunteerHub]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.arts-people.com/ Arts People]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ungerboeck.com/ Ungerboeck]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.yourmembership.com/ Your Membership]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rotundasoftware.com/volunteerschedulerpro/common/howItWorks/howItWorks.php?prog=VSP Rotunda Software, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ Memberclicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.activeendurance.com/ Active Endurance]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acteva.com/ Acteva]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greatergiving]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/ Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://pacificsportsllc.com/ Pacific Sports LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://indrapr.com/nonprofit/ Indra PR]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Event equipment rentals<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/pages/equipment-rental.php Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''After the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Accounting and auditing of records<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://us.intacct.com/your-business/your-industry/accounting-software-for-nonprofits Intacct]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accufund.com/ AccuFund]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.abila.com/solutions/abila-nonprofit-online Abila]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Event results<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.softrek.com/services/nonprofit-business-intelligence-and-reporting SofTrek Corporation]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|Managing mailing list & Communication with participants <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/receipts-and-acknowledgments.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://aherncomm.com/ss_plugins/content/content.php?content.1000 Ahern Donor Communications]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Business Models==<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for nonprofit companies===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for nonprofit companies]]<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for event management===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for event management.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for event management]]<br />
<br><br />
===Fee structure===<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising management software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Fee for using the software'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Percentage of the fundraising dollars and transcation fees'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Technical support and training'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Website Development'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/pricing.cfm Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/app/services/download.cfm?f=pledgeFS DoJiggy Pledge is a complete web-based registration and fundraising management system. $449 annually for up to 100 event participants. This is a single event license. <br>100 Additional Registrant -$169]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|Yes ($100/hour)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising through crowdfunding'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Platform Fees are deducted from each donation'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Payment processing charges'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Monthly fees or setup costs'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Web page design'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/ Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Gofundme 5% ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Wepay 2.9% +$0.30 per donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://support.indiegogo.com/hc/en-us/articles/202444736-How-To-Raise-Tax-Deductible-Funds For nonprofit,<br>reach your goal -3%<br>don't reach your goal -6.75%]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://go.indiegogo.com/pricing-fees 3-5% for credit card or PayPal processing]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/ Giveforward]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>5% per transaction</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>2.9% + $0.50 </u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.youcaring.com/ Youcaring]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/fees 0%. Supported by thousands of contributors.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/learn/raise-more-money 2.9% + $.30 per transaction<br>(+ 5% automatic "tip" for donors)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/p/nonprofits 4.9% transaction fee ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/razoo-difference? 2.0% + 30¢ payment processing fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/ Stayclassy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 4% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 2.2% + $0.30 /transaction<br>+1% for AMEX and +1% for International Transactions]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing $99/Month Subscription fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/ Network for Good]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow 3% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/nonprofits 2.9% + $0.30]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow $69.95/Month. No Set-Up Fees]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/no-hidden-fees-policy Custom webpage Design Fee: $299]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq Fee of 3%-5% of the funds]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq 2.9%+$0.30 fee from each donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/charities/choose $49/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Donor CRM software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Software modules subscription'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Additional fee for users'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Transaction fees (Payment processing)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' '''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing Up to two modules are included with the Standard NeonCRM monthly fee: Under 15,000 contituent records $149/month. <br>Each Additional Module: (Under 15,000 constituents) +$40/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing 10 users can use at the same time. Additional users: $50/month per 5 users.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://store.sugarcrm.com/ Sugar Enterprise Edition - $60<br>user/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/crm/comparison.html ENTERPRISE: $35 /user /month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/get-started-nonprofit/ Enterprise Edition: $30 per user/per month * (billed annually)<br>first 10 EE licenses are FREE]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|5<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/files/resources/downloads/Datasheet_FE_CloudComputing.pdf Fund Accounting Software (Financial Edge ESSENTIALS) -$550/MONTH]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/etapestry/pricing-plans Fundraising CRM (eTapestry ESSENTIALS) - $199 /month<br>5,000 Records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/raisers-edge/pricing-plans The Raiser's Edge (online fundraising) - Unlimited records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://mashable.com/2012/05/21/nonprofits-blackbaud/ 4.95% and $0.30 per transaction]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Crowdfunding platform business models===<br />
*'''Commissions on funds raised:'''<br />
::This is by far the most common of all in the crowdfunding space. It's easy to understand for fund raisers and is also risk-free for them. In fact it's risk-free because you're the one bearing the risk, as you need to pay for software and support without the certainty of earning anything back. In addition, commissions require high volumes to make any good amount of money. Whether it is a crowdfunding or crowdinvesting platform, both have commission-based business models where they take a percentage of the profits (typically [http://www.lumosforbusiness.com/blog/792 4 – 7.5%]) from every successfully funded campaign on their platform.<br />
<br />
*'''Listing fees:'''<br />
::This one is more common on equity crowdfunding platforms, simply because the structure of the investment doesn't allow for commissions. They can be one-off or monthly. Their advantage is that you're guaranteed to earn these fees whatever happens. On the flip side, you won't benefit from a project's potential success.<br />
<br />
*'''Transaction fees:'''<br />
::This is a middle-ground between commissions and listing fees. Every time someone makes an investment or a donation, you can add a non-refundable, fixed or variable transaction fee, paying for using the service. It's a little less popular but can prove effective in building sustainable revenues.<br />
<br />
*'''Additional services:'''<br />
::Most fundraisers will need videos, pictures and marketing. Some will also need more specific services like order management and fulfillment. By offering such added-value services you can make your users' lives much easier and earn more money.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.towema.com/blog/159-Four-business-models-for-your-crowdfunding-platform Towema]<br />
<br></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Nonprofit_Event_Management-_Business_Models&diff=11063Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models2014-10-07T06:47:42Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Nonprofit sector in USA==<br />
<br />
* 1.58 million nonprofits were registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 2011, an increase of 21.5 percent from 2001.<br />
* An estimated $836.9 billion was contributed to the U.S. economy by the nonprofit sector in 2011(Excluding nonprofit institutions serving government or business), which made up 5.6 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP).<br />
* In 2012, total private giving from individuals, foundations, and businesses was around $316.23 billion for the first time since the recession started, an increase of nearly 4 percent from 2011.<br />
* In 2011, almost 1 million organizations were classified as public charities, which represents three-fifths of all registered nonprofits.<br />
* Close to 56.8 percent of reporting organizations were public charities in 2011.Accounting for more than three-quarters of revenues and expenses for the nonprofit sector, public charities reported $1.59 trillion in revenues and $1.50 trillion in expenses. Assets held by public charities account for more than three-fifths of the sector total.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br><br />
===Number and Finances of Reporting Public Charities by Subsector, 2011===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align= "center"<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| <br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| $ Billion<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|Percent (%)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|Number<br />
|align = "center"|%<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|All public charities<br />
|align = "right"|335,037<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|1,593.6<br />
|align = "right"|1,498.2<br />
|align = "right"|2,856.0<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"| <br />
:Arts, culture, and humanities<br />
|align = "right"|35,164<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|align = "right"|30.8<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|101.7<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|3.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Education<br />
|align = "right"|58,568<br />
|align = "right"|17.5<br />
|align = "right"|269.2<br />
|align = "right"|243.8<br />
|align = "right"|851.4<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|16.3<br />
|align = "right"|29.8<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Higher education<br />
|align = "right"|2,094<br />
|align = "right"|0.6<br />
|align = "right"|174.8<br />
|align = "right"|158.8<br />
|align = "right"|548.8<br />
|align = "right"|11<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|align = "right"|19.2<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other education<br />
|align = "right"|56,474<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|94.4<br />
|align = "right"|85<br />
|align = "right"|302.6<br />
|align = "right"|5.9<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Environment and animals<br />
|align = "right"|15,110<br />
|align = "right"|4.5<br />
|align = "right"|14.9<br />
|align = "right"|13.4<br />
|align = "right"|36.3<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.3<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Health<br />
|align = "right"|41,619<br />
|align = "right"|12.4<br />
|align = "right"|942.4<br />
|align = "right"|895.3<br />
|align = "right"|1,202.6<br />
|align = "right"|59.1<br />
|align = "right"|59.8<br />
|align = "right"|42.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Hospitals and primary care facilities<br />
|align = "right"|7,308<br />
|align = "right"|2.2<br />
|align = "right"|798.5<br />
|align = "right"|758.4<br />
|align = "right"|973.3<br />
|align = "right"|50.1<br />
|align = "right"|50.6<br />
|align = "right"|34.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other healthcare<br />
|align = "right"|34,311<br />
|align = "right"|10.2<br />
|align = "right"|143.8<br />
|align = "right"|136.9<br />
|align = "right"|229.3<br />
|align = "right"|9.0<br />
|align = "right"|9.1<br />
|align = "right"|8.0<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Human services<br />
|align = "right"|116,643<br />
|align = "right"|34.8<br />
|align = "right"|202.4<br />
|align = "right"|195.8<br />
|align = "right"|303.7<br />
|align = "right"|12.7<br />
|align = "right"|13.1<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:International and foreign affairs<br />
|align = "right"|7,007<br />
|align = "right"|2.1<br />
|align = "right"|28.9<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|30<br />
|align = "right"|1.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Public and social benefits<br />
|align = "right"|39,415<br />
|align = "right"|11.8<br />
|align = "right"|91.4<br />
|align = "right"|81<br />
|align = "right"|300.1<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|5.4<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Religion-related<br />
|align = "right"|21,511<br />
|align = "right"|6.4<br />
|align = "right"|13.8<br />
|align = "right"|12.6<br />
|align = "right"|30.2<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br />
==Steps in event management==<br />
<br />
===Before the event===<br />
# Fundraising - which may involve one or more of the following types:<br />
## Merchandising - Selling goods to raise fund.Organizations involved : [http://www.cafepress.com/+nposhops+gifts Cafepress], [http://www.smartcausedigital.com/articles/sell-merchandise-your-nonprofit-without-dealing-inventory#.U6Js9pSSySo SmartCause Digital]<br />
## Donation - Donations for the events could also be raised through certain online sources like [https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]<br />
# Payment processing etc. - Certain bodies are present who work exclusively for non-profit organisation payment processing like [https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud], [http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah] and [http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits BluePay]<br />
# Handling registration for the event<br />
# Accounts book-keeping<br />
# Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date like [http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ nonprofitCMS] and [http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Web Works]<br />
# Recruitment of volunteers - companies like [http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan] and [https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteer Match]<br />
# Marketing for the event - companies like [http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent] and [http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]<br />
<br />
===During the event===<br />
# Logistical support like food, accommodation, lighting, generators etc.<br />
# Timekeeers - companies like [https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]<br />
<br />
===After the event===<br />
# Accounting and auditing of records<br />
# Managing mailing list<br />
# Communication with participants <br />
# Communication with institution for which event was organized<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|<mm>[[Nonprofit_Event_Management_Activities.mm]]</mm><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Companies==<br />
<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Before the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|1<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Fundraising (Online fundraising software)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.kickstarter.com/ Kickstarter]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/?pc=cf2 Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/ YouCaring]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.causes.com/ Causes]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorschoose.org/ Donors Choose]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.buzzbnk.org/ Buzzbnk]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://startsomegood.com/ Start Some Good]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.causevox.com/ Causevox]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/ Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.returnonchange.com/ Return on Change]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Fundraising (Merchandizing)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zazzle.com/charity+stamps Zazzle]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cafepress.com/+nonprofit+gifts Cafepress]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.spreadshirt.com/ Spreadshirt]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.printfection.com/ Printfection]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.winwinsportswear.com/fundraising-options.aspx Win-Win Sportswear]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.charity-merchandise.co.uk/ Charity-merchandise]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Payment processing<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.paypal.com/in/webapps/mpp/home Paypal]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.wepay.com/ WePay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits Bluepay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gifttool.com/ GiftTool]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.clickandpledge.com/ Click & Pledge]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.qgiv.com/ Qgiv]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ MemberClicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.iatspayments.com/ IATS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.contribute.com/ Contribute]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/donation-processing.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greater Giving]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Handling registration for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.eventbrite.com/t/free-online-event-registration Eventbrite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ Active Network, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.avectra.com/ Avectra]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.aptean.com/products/gomembers-ams Aptean]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tendenci.com/ Tendenci]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://fluittsolutions.com/registration Fluitt Solutions]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|Accounts book-keeping<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eisneramper.com/industries/nonprofit_organizations/ EisnerAmper]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nonprofitsuite.com/accounting-services/ Nonprofit Suite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rennercpa.com/index.html?page=accounting-services-nonprofit-auditing-taxation Renner & Company]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.smjones.com/ Susan Matlack Jones & Associates]</u></font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ Non-profit CMS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.webstarttoday.com/website-builder/non-profit-organization-website/ Web Start Today]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Webworks]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|Recruitment of volunteers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteermatch]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.thedatabank.com/ The Data Bank]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|Marketing for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/index.jsp Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|9<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Donor management (CRM)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nationbuilder.com/ NationBuilder]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salsalabs.com/ Salsa Labs]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vtiger.com/ vtiger]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wildapricot.com/ Wild Apricot]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://civicrm.org/ CivicCRM ]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorperfect.com/ Donor Perfect]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://bloomerang.co/about/why/ Bloomerang]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://sumac.com/ Sumac]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donortools.com/ Donor Tools]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://orangeleap.com/ OrangeLeap]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.agoodcloud.com/ A good Cloud]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Logistical support like food, accommodation<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.axisg.com/services/event-management/ Axis Global Systems]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.openspark.co/content/event-logistics-management OpenSpark]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://eventlm.com/ Events Logistics Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mclabs.com/meeting-services/event-logistics.aspx MicroTek]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Timekeepers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://rfidtiming.com/ RFID Timing]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|3<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Event management companies<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/ Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eventbrite.com/ Event Brite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/ Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.brownpapertickets.com/ Brown Paper Tickets]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ RegOnline]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.etouches.com/ eTouches]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://ticketbud.com/ Ticketbud]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.doubleknot.com/ Double Knot]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.volunteerhub.com/ VolunteerHub]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.arts-people.com/ Arts People]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ungerboeck.com/ Ungerboeck]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.yourmembership.com/ Your Membership]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rotundasoftware.com/volunteerschedulerpro/common/howItWorks/howItWorks.php?prog=VSP Rotunda Software, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ Memberclicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.activeendurance.com/ Active Endurance]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acteva.com/ Acteva]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greatergiving]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/ Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://pacificsportsllc.com/ Pacific Sports LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://indrapr.com/nonprofit/ Indra PR]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Event equipment rentals<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/pages/equipment-rental.php Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''After the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Accounting and auditing of records<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://us.intacct.com/your-business/your-industry/accounting-software-for-nonprofits Intacct]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accufund.com/ AccuFund]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.abila.com/solutions/abila-nonprofit-online Abila]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Event results<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.softrek.com/services/nonprofit-business-intelligence-and-reporting SofTrek Corporation]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|Managing mailing list & Communication with participants <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/receipts-and-acknowledgments.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://aherncomm.com/ss_plugins/content/content.php?content.1000 Ahern Donor Communications]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Business Models==<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for nonprofit companies===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for nonprofit companies]]<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for event management===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for event management.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for event management]]<br />
<br><br />
===Fee structure===<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising management software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Fee for using the software'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Percentage of the fundraising dollars and transcation fees'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Technical support and training'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Website Development'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/pricing.cfm Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/app/services/download.cfm?f=pledgeFS DoJiggy Pledge is a complete web-based registration and fundraising management system. $449 annually for up to 100 event participants. This is a single event license. <br>100 Additional Registrant -$169]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|Yes ($100/hour)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising through crowdfunding'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Platform Fees are deducted from each donation'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Payment processing charges'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Monthly fees or setup costs'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Web page design'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/ Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Gofundme 5% ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Wepay 2.9% +$0.30 per donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://support.indiegogo.com/hc/en-us/articles/202444736-How-To-Raise-Tax-Deductible-Funds For nonprofit,<br>reach your goal -3%<br>don't reach your goal -6.75%]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://go.indiegogo.com/pricing-fees 3-5% for credit card or PayPal processing]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/ Giveforward]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>5% per transaction</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>2.9% + $0.50 </u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.youcaring.com/ Youcaring]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/fees 0%. Supported by thousands of contributors.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/learn/raise-more-money 2.9% + $.30 per transaction<br>(+ 5% automatic "tip" for donors)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/p/nonprofits 4.9% transaction fee ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/razoo-difference? 2.0% + 30¢ payment processing fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/ Stayclassy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 4% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 2.2% + $0.30 /transaction<br>+1% for AMEX and +1% for International Transactions]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing $99/Month Subscription fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/ Network for Good]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow 3% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/nonprofits 2.9% + $0.30]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow $69.95/Month. No Set-Up Fees]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/no-hidden-fees-policy Custom webpage Design Fee: $299]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq Fee of 3%-5% of the funds]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq 2.9%+$0.30 fee from each donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/charities/choose $49/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Donor CRM software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Software modules subscription'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Additional fee for users'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Transaction fees (Payment processing)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' '''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing Up to two modules are included with the Standard NeonCRM monthly fee: Under 15,000 contituent records $149/month. <br>Each Additional Module: (Under 15,000 constituents) +$40/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing 10 users can use at the same time. Additional users: $50/month per 5 users.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://store.sugarcrm.com/ Sugar Enterprise Edition - $60<br>user/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/crm/comparison.html ENTERPRISE: $35 /user /month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/get-started-nonprofit/ Enterprise Edition: $30 per user/per month * (billed annually)<br>first 10 EE licenses are FREE]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|5<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/files/resources/downloads/Datasheet_FE_CloudComputing.pdf Fund Accounting Software (Financial Edge ESSENTIALS) -$550/MONTH]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/etapestry/pricing-plans Fundraising CRM (eTapestry ESSENTIALS) - $199 /month<br>5,000 Records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/raisers-edge/pricing-plans The Raiser's Edge (online fundraising) - Unlimited records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://mashable.com/2012/05/21/nonprofits-blackbaud/ 4.95% and $0.30 per transaction]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Crowdfunding platform business models===<br />
*'''Commissions on funds raised:'''<br />
::This is by far the most common of all in the crowdfunding space. It's easy to understand for fund raisers and is also risk-free for them. In fact it's risk-free because you're the one bearing the risk, as you need to pay for software and support without the certainty of earning anything back. In addition, commissions require high volumes to make any good amount of money. Whether it is a crowdfunding or crowdinvesting platform, both have commission-based business models where they take a percentage of the profits (typically [http://www.lumosforbusiness.com/blog/792 4 – 7.5%]) from every successfully funded campaign on their platform.<br />
<br />
*'''Listing fees:'''<br />
::This one is more common on equity crowdfunding platforms, simply because the structure of the investment doesn't allow for commissions. They can be one-off or monthly. Their advantage is that you're guaranteed to earn these fees whatever happens. On the flip side, you won't benefit from a project's potential success.<br />
<br />
*'''Transaction fees:'''<br />
::This is a middle-ground between commissions and listing fees. Every time someone makes an investment or a donation, you can add a non-refundable, fixed or variable transaction fee, paying for using the service. It's a little less popular but can prove effective in building sustainable revenues.<br />
<br />
*'''Additional services:'''<br />
::Most fundraisers will need videos, pictures and marketing. Some will also need more specific services like order management and fulfillment. By offering such added-value services you can make your users' lives much easier and earn more money.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.towema.com/blog/159-Four-business-models-for-your-crowdfunding-platform Towema]<br />
<br></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Nonprofit_Event_Management-_Business_Models&diff=11062Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models2014-10-07T06:45:08Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Nonprofit sector in USA==<br />
<br />
* 1.58 million nonprofits were registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 2011, an increase of 21.5 percent from 2001.<br />
* An estimated $836.9 billion was contributed to the U.S. economy by the nonprofit sector in 2011(Excluding nonprofit institutions serving government or business), which made up 5.6 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP).<br />
* In 2012, total private giving from individuals, foundations, and businesses was around $316.23 billion for the first time since the recession started, an increase of nearly 4 percent from 2011.<br />
* In 2011, almost 1 million organizations were classified as public charities, which represents three-fifths of all registered nonprofits.<br />
* Close to 56.8 percent of reporting organizations were public charities in 2011.Accounting for more than three-quarters of revenues and expenses for the nonprofit sector, public charities reported $1.59 trillion in revenues and $1.50 trillion in expenses. Assets held by public charities account for more than three-fifths of the sector total.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br><br />
===Number and Finances of Reporting Public Charities by Subsector, 2011===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align= "center"<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| <br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| $ Billion<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|Percent (%)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|Number<br />
|align = "center"|%<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|All public charities<br />
|align = "right"|335,037<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|1,593.6<br />
|align = "right"|1,498.2<br />
|align = "right"|2,856.0<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"| <br />
:Arts, culture, and humanities<br />
|align = "right"|35,164<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|align = "right"|30.8<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|101.7<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|3.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Education<br />
|align = "right"|58,568<br />
|align = "right"|17.5<br />
|align = "right"|269.2<br />
|align = "right"|243.8<br />
|align = "right"|851.4<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|16.3<br />
|align = "right"|29.8<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Higher education<br />
|align = "right"|2,094<br />
|align = "right"|0.6<br />
|align = "right"|174.8<br />
|align = "right"|158.8<br />
|align = "right"|548.8<br />
|align = "right"|11<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|align = "right"|19.2<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other education<br />
|align = "right"|56,474<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|94.4<br />
|align = "right"|85<br />
|align = "right"|302.6<br />
|align = "right"|5.9<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Environment and animals<br />
|align = "right"|15,110<br />
|align = "right"|4.5<br />
|align = "right"|14.9<br />
|align = "right"|13.4<br />
|align = "right"|36.3<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.3<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Health<br />
|align = "right"|41,619<br />
|align = "right"|12.4<br />
|align = "right"|942.4<br />
|align = "right"|895.3<br />
|align = "right"|1,202.6<br />
|align = "right"|59.1<br />
|align = "right"|59.8<br />
|align = "right"|42.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Hospitals and primary care facilities<br />
|align = "right"|7,308<br />
|align = "right"|2.2<br />
|align = "right"|798.5<br />
|align = "right"|758.4<br />
|align = "right"|973.3<br />
|align = "right"|50.1<br />
|align = "right"|50.6<br />
|align = "right"|34.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other healthcare<br />
|align = "right"|34,311<br />
|align = "right"|10.2<br />
|align = "right"|143.8<br />
|align = "right"|136.9<br />
|align = "right"|229.3<br />
|align = "right"|9.0<br />
|align = "right"|9.1<br />
|align = "right"|8.0<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Human services<br />
|align = "right"|116,643<br />
|align = "right"|34.8<br />
|align = "right"|202.4<br />
|align = "right"|195.8<br />
|align = "right"|303.7<br />
|align = "right"|12.7<br />
|align = "right"|13.1<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:International and foreign affairs<br />
|align = "right"|7,007<br />
|align = "right"|2.1<br />
|align = "right"|28.9<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|30<br />
|align = "right"|1.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Public and social benefits<br />
|align = "right"|39,415<br />
|align = "right"|11.8<br />
|align = "right"|91.4<br />
|align = "right"|81<br />
|align = "right"|300.1<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|5.4<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Religion-related<br />
|align = "right"|21,511<br />
|align = "right"|6.4<br />
|align = "right"|13.8<br />
|align = "right"|12.6<br />
|align = "right"|30.2<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br />
==Steps in event management==<br />
<br />
===Before the event===<br />
# Fundraising - which may involve one or more of the following types:<br />
## Merchandising - Selling goods to raise fund.Organizations involved : [http://www.cafepress.com/+nposhops+gifts Cafepress], [http://www.smartcausedigital.com/articles/sell-merchandise-your-nonprofit-without-dealing-inventory#.U6Js9pSSySo SmartCause Digital]<br />
## Donation - Donations for the events could also be raised through certain online sources like [https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]<br />
# Payment processing etc. - Certain bodies are present who work exclusively for non-profit organisation payment processing like [https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud], [http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah] and [http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits BluePay]<br />
# Handling registration for the event<br />
# Accounts book-keeping<br />
# Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date like [http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ nonprofitCMS] and [http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Web Works]<br />
# Recruitment of volunteers - companies like [http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan] and [https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteer Match]<br />
# Marketing for the event - companies like [http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent] and [http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]<br />
<br />
===During the event===<br />
# Logistical support like food, accommodation, lighting, generators etc.<br />
# Timekeeers - companies like [https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]<br />
<br />
===After the event===<br />
# Accounting and auditing of records<br />
# Managing mailing list<br />
# Communication with participants <br />
# Communication with institution for which event was organized<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|<mm>[[Nonprofit_Event_Management_Activities.mm|flash|600pt|" "]]</mm><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Companies==<br />
<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Before the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|1<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Fundraising (Online fundraising software)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.kickstarter.com/ Kickstarter]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/?pc=cf2 Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/ YouCaring]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.causes.com/ Causes]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorschoose.org/ Donors Choose]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.buzzbnk.org/ Buzzbnk]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://startsomegood.com/ Start Some Good]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.causevox.com/ Causevox]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/ Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.returnonchange.com/ Return on Change]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Fundraising (Merchandizing)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zazzle.com/charity+stamps Zazzle]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cafepress.com/+nonprofit+gifts Cafepress]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.spreadshirt.com/ Spreadshirt]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.printfection.com/ Printfection]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.winwinsportswear.com/fundraising-options.aspx Win-Win Sportswear]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.charity-merchandise.co.uk/ Charity-merchandise]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Payment processing<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.paypal.com/in/webapps/mpp/home Paypal]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.wepay.com/ WePay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits Bluepay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gifttool.com/ GiftTool]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.clickandpledge.com/ Click & Pledge]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.qgiv.com/ Qgiv]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ MemberClicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.iatspayments.com/ IATS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.contribute.com/ Contribute]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/donation-processing.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greater Giving]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Handling registration for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.eventbrite.com/t/free-online-event-registration Eventbrite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ Active Network, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.avectra.com/ Avectra]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.aptean.com/products/gomembers-ams Aptean]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tendenci.com/ Tendenci]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://fluittsolutions.com/registration Fluitt Solutions]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|Accounts book-keeping<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eisneramper.com/industries/nonprofit_organizations/ EisnerAmper]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nonprofitsuite.com/accounting-services/ Nonprofit Suite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rennercpa.com/index.html?page=accounting-services-nonprofit-auditing-taxation Renner & Company]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.smjones.com/ Susan Matlack Jones & Associates]</u></font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ Non-profit CMS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.webstarttoday.com/website-builder/non-profit-organization-website/ Web Start Today]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Webworks]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|Recruitment of volunteers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteermatch]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.thedatabank.com/ The Data Bank]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|Marketing for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/index.jsp Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|9<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Donor management (CRM)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nationbuilder.com/ NationBuilder]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salsalabs.com/ Salsa Labs]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vtiger.com/ vtiger]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wildapricot.com/ Wild Apricot]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://civicrm.org/ CivicCRM ]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorperfect.com/ Donor Perfect]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://bloomerang.co/about/why/ Bloomerang]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://sumac.com/ Sumac]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donortools.com/ Donor Tools]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://orangeleap.com/ OrangeLeap]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.agoodcloud.com/ A good Cloud]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Logistical support like food, accommodation<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.axisg.com/services/event-management/ Axis Global Systems]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.openspark.co/content/event-logistics-management OpenSpark]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://eventlm.com/ Events Logistics Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mclabs.com/meeting-services/event-logistics.aspx MicroTek]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Timekeepers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://rfidtiming.com/ RFID Timing]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|3<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Event management companies<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/ Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eventbrite.com/ Event Brite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/ Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.brownpapertickets.com/ Brown Paper Tickets]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ RegOnline]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.etouches.com/ eTouches]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://ticketbud.com/ Ticketbud]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.doubleknot.com/ Double Knot]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.volunteerhub.com/ VolunteerHub]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.arts-people.com/ Arts People]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ungerboeck.com/ Ungerboeck]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.yourmembership.com/ Your Membership]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rotundasoftware.com/volunteerschedulerpro/common/howItWorks/howItWorks.php?prog=VSP Rotunda Software, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ Memberclicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.activeendurance.com/ Active Endurance]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acteva.com/ Acteva]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greatergiving]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/ Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://pacificsportsllc.com/ Pacific Sports LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://indrapr.com/nonprofit/ Indra PR]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Event equipment rentals<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/pages/equipment-rental.php Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''After the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Accounting and auditing of records<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://us.intacct.com/your-business/your-industry/accounting-software-for-nonprofits Intacct]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accufund.com/ AccuFund]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.abila.com/solutions/abila-nonprofit-online Abila]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Event results<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.softrek.com/services/nonprofit-business-intelligence-and-reporting SofTrek Corporation]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|Managing mailing list & Communication with participants <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/receipts-and-acknowledgments.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://aherncomm.com/ss_plugins/content/content.php?content.1000 Ahern Donor Communications]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Business Models==<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for nonprofit companies===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for nonprofit companies]]<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for event management===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for event management.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for event management]]<br />
<br><br />
===Fee structure===<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising management software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Fee for using the software'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Percentage of the fundraising dollars and transcation fees'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Technical support and training'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Website Development'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/pricing.cfm Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/app/services/download.cfm?f=pledgeFS DoJiggy Pledge is a complete web-based registration and fundraising management system. $449 annually for up to 100 event participants. This is a single event license. <br>100 Additional Registrant -$169]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|Yes ($100/hour)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising through crowdfunding'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Platform Fees are deducted from each donation'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Payment processing charges'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Monthly fees or setup costs'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Web page design'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/ Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Gofundme 5% ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Wepay 2.9% +$0.30 per donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://support.indiegogo.com/hc/en-us/articles/202444736-How-To-Raise-Tax-Deductible-Funds For nonprofit,<br>reach your goal -3%<br>don't reach your goal -6.75%]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://go.indiegogo.com/pricing-fees 3-5% for credit card or PayPal processing]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/ Giveforward]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>5% per transaction</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>2.9% + $0.50 </u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.youcaring.com/ Youcaring]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/fees 0%. Supported by thousands of contributors.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/learn/raise-more-money 2.9% + $.30 per transaction<br>(+ 5% automatic "tip" for donors)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/p/nonprofits 4.9% transaction fee ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/razoo-difference? 2.0% + 30¢ payment processing fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/ Stayclassy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 4% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 2.2% + $0.30 /transaction<br>+1% for AMEX and +1% for International Transactions]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing $99/Month Subscription fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/ Network for Good]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow 3% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/nonprofits 2.9% + $0.30]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow $69.95/Month. No Set-Up Fees]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/no-hidden-fees-policy Custom webpage Design Fee: $299]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq Fee of 3%-5% of the funds]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq 2.9%+$0.30 fee from each donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/charities/choose $49/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Donor CRM software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Software modules subscription'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Additional fee for users'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Transaction fees (Payment processing)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' '''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing Up to two modules are included with the Standard NeonCRM monthly fee: Under 15,000 contituent records $149/month. <br>Each Additional Module: (Under 15,000 constituents) +$40/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing 10 users can use at the same time. Additional users: $50/month per 5 users.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://store.sugarcrm.com/ Sugar Enterprise Edition - $60<br>user/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/crm/comparison.html ENTERPRISE: $35 /user /month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/get-started-nonprofit/ Enterprise Edition: $30 per user/per month * (billed annually)<br>first 10 EE licenses are FREE]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|5<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/files/resources/downloads/Datasheet_FE_CloudComputing.pdf Fund Accounting Software (Financial Edge ESSENTIALS) -$550/MONTH]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/etapestry/pricing-plans Fundraising CRM (eTapestry ESSENTIALS) - $199 /month<br>5,000 Records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/raisers-edge/pricing-plans The Raiser's Edge (online fundraising) - Unlimited records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://mashable.com/2012/05/21/nonprofits-blackbaud/ 4.95% and $0.30 per transaction]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Crowdfunding platform business models===<br />
*'''Commissions on funds raised:'''<br />
::This is by far the most common of all in the crowdfunding space. It's easy to understand for fund raisers and is also risk-free for them. In fact it's risk-free because you're the one bearing the risk, as you need to pay for software and support without the certainty of earning anything back. In addition, commissions require high volumes to make any good amount of money. Whether it is a crowdfunding or crowdinvesting platform, both have commission-based business models where they take a percentage of the profits (typically [http://www.lumosforbusiness.com/blog/792 4 – 7.5%]) from every successfully funded campaign on their platform.<br />
<br />
*'''Listing fees:'''<br />
::This one is more common on equity crowdfunding platforms, simply because the structure of the investment doesn't allow for commissions. They can be one-off or monthly. Their advantage is that you're guaranteed to earn these fees whatever happens. On the flip side, you won't benefit from a project's potential success.<br />
<br />
*'''Transaction fees:'''<br />
::This is a middle-ground between commissions and listing fees. Every time someone makes an investment or a donation, you can add a non-refundable, fixed or variable transaction fee, paying for using the service. It's a little less popular but can prove effective in building sustainable revenues.<br />
<br />
*'''Additional services:'''<br />
::Most fundraisers will need videos, pictures and marketing. Some will also need more specific services like order management and fulfillment. By offering such added-value services you can make your users' lives much easier and earn more money.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.towema.com/blog/159-Four-business-models-for-your-crowdfunding-platform Towema]<br />
<br></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Nonprofit_Event_Management-_Business_Models&diff=11061Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models2014-10-07T06:42:02Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Nonprofit sector in USA==<br />
<br />
* 1.58 million nonprofits were registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 2011, an increase of 21.5 percent from 2001.<br />
* An estimated $836.9 billion was contributed to the U.S. economy by the nonprofit sector in 2011(Excluding nonprofit institutions serving government or business), which made up 5.6 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP).<br />
* In 2012, total private giving from individuals, foundations, and businesses was around $316.23 billion for the first time since the recession started, an increase of nearly 4 percent from 2011.<br />
* In 2011, almost 1 million organizations were classified as public charities, which represents three-fifths of all registered nonprofits.<br />
* Close to 56.8 percent of reporting organizations were public charities in 2011.Accounting for more than three-quarters of revenues and expenses for the nonprofit sector, public charities reported $1.59 trillion in revenues and $1.50 trillion in expenses. Assets held by public charities account for more than three-fifths of the sector total.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br><br />
===Number and Finances of Reporting Public Charities by Subsector, 2011===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align= "center"<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| <br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| $ Billion<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|Percent (%)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|Number<br />
|align = "center"|%<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|All public charities<br />
|align = "right"|335,037<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|1,593.6<br />
|align = "right"|1,498.2<br />
|align = "right"|2,856.0<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"| <br />
:Arts, culture, and humanities<br />
|align = "right"|35,164<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|align = "right"|30.8<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|101.7<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|3.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Education<br />
|align = "right"|58,568<br />
|align = "right"|17.5<br />
|align = "right"|269.2<br />
|align = "right"|243.8<br />
|align = "right"|851.4<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|16.3<br />
|align = "right"|29.8<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Higher education<br />
|align = "right"|2,094<br />
|align = "right"|0.6<br />
|align = "right"|174.8<br />
|align = "right"|158.8<br />
|align = "right"|548.8<br />
|align = "right"|11<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|align = "right"|19.2<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other education<br />
|align = "right"|56,474<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|94.4<br />
|align = "right"|85<br />
|align = "right"|302.6<br />
|align = "right"|5.9<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Environment and animals<br />
|align = "right"|15,110<br />
|align = "right"|4.5<br />
|align = "right"|14.9<br />
|align = "right"|13.4<br />
|align = "right"|36.3<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.3<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Health<br />
|align = "right"|41,619<br />
|align = "right"|12.4<br />
|align = "right"|942.4<br />
|align = "right"|895.3<br />
|align = "right"|1,202.6<br />
|align = "right"|59.1<br />
|align = "right"|59.8<br />
|align = "right"|42.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Hospitals and primary care facilities<br />
|align = "right"|7,308<br />
|align = "right"|2.2<br />
|align = "right"|798.5<br />
|align = "right"|758.4<br />
|align = "right"|973.3<br />
|align = "right"|50.1<br />
|align = "right"|50.6<br />
|align = "right"|34.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other healthcare<br />
|align = "right"|34,311<br />
|align = "right"|10.2<br />
|align = "right"|143.8<br />
|align = "right"|136.9<br />
|align = "right"|229.3<br />
|align = "right"|9.0<br />
|align = "right"|9.1<br />
|align = "right"|8.0<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Human services<br />
|align = "right"|116,643<br />
|align = "right"|34.8<br />
|align = "right"|202.4<br />
|align = "right"|195.8<br />
|align = "right"|303.7<br />
|align = "right"|12.7<br />
|align = "right"|13.1<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:International and foreign affairs<br />
|align = "right"|7,007<br />
|align = "right"|2.1<br />
|align = "right"|28.9<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|30<br />
|align = "right"|1.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Public and social benefits<br />
|align = "right"|39,415<br />
|align = "right"|11.8<br />
|align = "right"|91.4<br />
|align = "right"|81<br />
|align = "right"|300.1<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|5.4<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Religion-related<br />
|align = "right"|21,511<br />
|align = "right"|6.4<br />
|align = "right"|13.8<br />
|align = "right"|12.6<br />
|align = "right"|30.2<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br />
==Steps in event management==<br />
<br />
===Before the event===<br />
# Fundraising - which may involve one or more of the following types:<br />
## Merchandising - Selling goods to raise fund.Organizations involved : [http://www.cafepress.com/+nposhops+gifts Cafepress], [http://www.smartcausedigital.com/articles/sell-merchandise-your-nonprofit-without-dealing-inventory#.U6Js9pSSySo SmartCause Digital]<br />
## Donation - Donations for the events could also be raised through certain online sources like [https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]<br />
# Payment processing etc. - Certain bodies are present who work exclusively for non-profit organisation payment processing like [https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud], [http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah] and [http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits BluePay]<br />
# Handling registration for the event<br />
# Accounts book-keeping<br />
# Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date like [http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ nonprofitCMS] and [http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Web Works]<br />
# Recruitment of volunteers - companies like [http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan] and [https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteer Match]<br />
# Marketing for the event - companies like [http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent] and [http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]<br />
<br />
===During the event===<br />
# Logistical support like food, accommodation, lighting, generators etc.<br />
# Timekeeers - companies like [https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]<br />
<br />
===After the event===<br />
# Accounting and auditing of records<br />
# Managing mailing list<br />
# Communication with participants <br />
# Communication with institution for which event was organized<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|<mm>[[Nonprofit_Event_Management_Activities.mm]]</mm><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Companies==<br />
<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Before the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|1<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Fundraising (Online fundraising software)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.kickstarter.com/ Kickstarter]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/?pc=cf2 Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/ YouCaring]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.causes.com/ Causes]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorschoose.org/ Donors Choose]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.buzzbnk.org/ Buzzbnk]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://startsomegood.com/ Start Some Good]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.causevox.com/ Causevox]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/ Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.returnonchange.com/ Return on Change]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Fundraising (Merchandizing)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zazzle.com/charity+stamps Zazzle]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cafepress.com/+nonprofit+gifts Cafepress]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.spreadshirt.com/ Spreadshirt]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.printfection.com/ Printfection]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.winwinsportswear.com/fundraising-options.aspx Win-Win Sportswear]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.charity-merchandise.co.uk/ Charity-merchandise]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Payment processing<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.paypal.com/in/webapps/mpp/home Paypal]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.wepay.com/ WePay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits Bluepay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gifttool.com/ GiftTool]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.clickandpledge.com/ Click & Pledge]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.qgiv.com/ Qgiv]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ MemberClicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.iatspayments.com/ IATS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.contribute.com/ Contribute]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/donation-processing.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greater Giving]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Handling registration for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.eventbrite.com/t/free-online-event-registration Eventbrite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ Active Network, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.avectra.com/ Avectra]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.aptean.com/products/gomembers-ams Aptean]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tendenci.com/ Tendenci]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://fluittsolutions.com/registration Fluitt Solutions]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|Accounts book-keeping<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eisneramper.com/industries/nonprofit_organizations/ EisnerAmper]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nonprofitsuite.com/accounting-services/ Nonprofit Suite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rennercpa.com/index.html?page=accounting-services-nonprofit-auditing-taxation Renner & Company]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.smjones.com/ Susan Matlack Jones & Associates]</u></font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ Non-profit CMS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.webstarttoday.com/website-builder/non-profit-organization-website/ Web Start Today]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Webworks]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|Recruitment of volunteers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteermatch]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.thedatabank.com/ The Data Bank]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|Marketing for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/index.jsp Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|9<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Donor management (CRM)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nationbuilder.com/ NationBuilder]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salsalabs.com/ Salsa Labs]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vtiger.com/ vtiger]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wildapricot.com/ Wild Apricot]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://civicrm.org/ CivicCRM ]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorperfect.com/ Donor Perfect]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://bloomerang.co/about/why/ Bloomerang]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://sumac.com/ Sumac]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donortools.com/ Donor Tools]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://orangeleap.com/ OrangeLeap]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.agoodcloud.com/ A good Cloud]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Logistical support like food, accommodation<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.axisg.com/services/event-management/ Axis Global Systems]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.openspark.co/content/event-logistics-management OpenSpark]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://eventlm.com/ Events Logistics Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mclabs.com/meeting-services/event-logistics.aspx MicroTek]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Timekeepers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://rfidtiming.com/ RFID Timing]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|3<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Event management companies<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/ Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eventbrite.com/ Event Brite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/ Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.brownpapertickets.com/ Brown Paper Tickets]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ RegOnline]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.etouches.com/ eTouches]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://ticketbud.com/ Ticketbud]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.doubleknot.com/ Double Knot]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.volunteerhub.com/ VolunteerHub]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.arts-people.com/ Arts People]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ungerboeck.com/ Ungerboeck]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.yourmembership.com/ Your Membership]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rotundasoftware.com/volunteerschedulerpro/common/howItWorks/howItWorks.php?prog=VSP Rotunda Software, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ Memberclicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.activeendurance.com/ Active Endurance]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acteva.com/ Acteva]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greatergiving]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/ Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://pacificsportsllc.com/ Pacific Sports LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://indrapr.com/nonprofit/ Indra PR]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Event equipment rentals<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/pages/equipment-rental.php Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''After the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Accounting and auditing of records<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://us.intacct.com/your-business/your-industry/accounting-software-for-nonprofits Intacct]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accufund.com/ AccuFund]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.abila.com/solutions/abila-nonprofit-online Abila]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Event results<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.softrek.com/services/nonprofit-business-intelligence-and-reporting SofTrek Corporation]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|Managing mailing list & Communication with participants <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/receipts-and-acknowledgments.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://aherncomm.com/ss_plugins/content/content.php?content.1000 Ahern Donor Communications]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Business Models==<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for nonprofit companies===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for nonprofit companies]]<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for event management===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for event management.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for event management]]<br />
<br><br />
===Fee structure===<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising management software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Fee for using the software'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Percentage of the fundraising dollars and transcation fees'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Technical support and training'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Website Development'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/pricing.cfm Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/app/services/download.cfm?f=pledgeFS DoJiggy Pledge is a complete web-based registration and fundraising management system. $449 annually for up to 100 event participants. This is a single event license. <br>100 Additional Registrant -$169]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|Yes ($100/hour)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising through crowdfunding'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Platform Fees are deducted from each donation'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Payment processing charges'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Monthly fees or setup costs'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Web page design'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/ Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Gofundme 5% ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Wepay 2.9% +$0.30 per donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://support.indiegogo.com/hc/en-us/articles/202444736-How-To-Raise-Tax-Deductible-Funds For nonprofit,<br>reach your goal -3%<br>don't reach your goal -6.75%]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://go.indiegogo.com/pricing-fees 3-5% for credit card or PayPal processing]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/ Giveforward]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>5% per transaction</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>2.9% + $0.50 </u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.youcaring.com/ Youcaring]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/fees 0%. Supported by thousands of contributors.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/learn/raise-more-money 2.9% + $.30 per transaction<br>(+ 5% automatic "tip" for donors)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/p/nonprofits 4.9% transaction fee ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/razoo-difference? 2.0% + 30¢ payment processing fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/ Stayclassy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 4% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 2.2% + $0.30 /transaction<br>+1% for AMEX and +1% for International Transactions]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing $99/Month Subscription fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/ Network for Good]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow 3% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/nonprofits 2.9% + $0.30]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow $69.95/Month. No Set-Up Fees]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/no-hidden-fees-policy Custom webpage Design Fee: $299]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq Fee of 3%-5% of the funds]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq 2.9%+$0.30 fee from each donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/charities/choose $49/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Donor CRM software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Software modules subscription'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Additional fee for users'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Transaction fees (Payment processing)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' '''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing Up to two modules are included with the Standard NeonCRM monthly fee: Under 15,000 contituent records $149/month. <br>Each Additional Module: (Under 15,000 constituents) +$40/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing 10 users can use at the same time. Additional users: $50/month per 5 users.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://store.sugarcrm.com/ Sugar Enterprise Edition - $60<br>user/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/crm/comparison.html ENTERPRISE: $35 /user /month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/get-started-nonprofit/ Enterprise Edition: $30 per user/per month * (billed annually)<br>first 10 EE licenses are FREE]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|5<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/files/resources/downloads/Datasheet_FE_CloudComputing.pdf Fund Accounting Software (Financial Edge ESSENTIALS) -$550/MONTH]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/etapestry/pricing-plans Fundraising CRM (eTapestry ESSENTIALS) - $199 /month<br>5,000 Records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/raisers-edge/pricing-plans The Raiser's Edge (online fundraising) - Unlimited records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://mashable.com/2012/05/21/nonprofits-blackbaud/ 4.95% and $0.30 per transaction]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Crowdfunding platform business models===<br />
*'''Commissions on funds raised:'''<br />
::This is by far the most common of all in the crowdfunding space. It's easy to understand for fund raisers and is also risk-free for them. In fact it's risk-free because you're the one bearing the risk, as you need to pay for software and support without the certainty of earning anything back. In addition, commissions require high volumes to make any good amount of money. Whether it is a crowdfunding or crowdinvesting platform, both have commission-based business models where they take a percentage of the profits (typically [http://www.lumosforbusiness.com/blog/792 4 – 7.5%]) from every successfully funded campaign on their platform.<br />
<br />
*'''Listing fees:'''<br />
::This one is more common on equity crowdfunding platforms, simply because the structure of the investment doesn't allow for commissions. They can be one-off or monthly. Their advantage is that you're guaranteed to earn these fees whatever happens. On the flip side, you won't benefit from a project's potential success.<br />
<br />
*'''Transaction fees:'''<br />
::This is a middle-ground between commissions and listing fees. Every time someone makes an investment or a donation, you can add a non-refundable, fixed or variable transaction fee, paying for using the service. It's a little less popular but can prove effective in building sustainable revenues.<br />
<br />
*'''Additional services:'''<br />
::Most fundraisers will need videos, pictures and marketing. Some will also need more specific services like order management and fulfillment. By offering such added-value services you can make your users' lives much easier and earn more money.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.towema.com/blog/159-Four-business-models-for-your-crowdfunding-platform Towema]<br />
<br></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Nonprofit_Event_Management-_Business_Models&diff=11060Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models2014-10-07T06:39:59Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Nonprofit sector in USA==<br />
<br />
* 1.58 million nonprofits were registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 2011, an increase of 21.5 percent from 2001.<br />
* An estimated $836.9 billion was contributed to the U.S. economy by the nonprofit sector in 2011(Excluding nonprofit institutions serving government or business), which made up 5.6 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP).<br />
* In 2012, total private giving from individuals, foundations, and businesses was around $316.23 billion for the first time since the recession started, an increase of nearly 4 percent from 2011.<br />
* In 2011, almost 1 million organizations were classified as public charities, which represents three-fifths of all registered nonprofits.<br />
* Close to 56.8 percent of reporting organizations were public charities in 2011.Accounting for more than three-quarters of revenues and expenses for the nonprofit sector, public charities reported $1.59 trillion in revenues and $1.50 trillion in expenses. Assets held by public charities account for more than three-fifths of the sector total.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br><br />
===Number and Finances of Reporting Public Charities by Subsector, 2011===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align= "center"<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| <br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| $ Billion<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|Percent (%)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|Number<br />
|align = "center"|%<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|All public charities<br />
|align = "right"|335,037<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|1,593.6<br />
|align = "right"|1,498.2<br />
|align = "right"|2,856.0<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"| <br />
:Arts, culture, and humanities<br />
|align = "right"|35,164<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|align = "right"|30.8<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|101.7<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|3.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Education<br />
|align = "right"|58,568<br />
|align = "right"|17.5<br />
|align = "right"|269.2<br />
|align = "right"|243.8<br />
|align = "right"|851.4<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|16.3<br />
|align = "right"|29.8<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Higher education<br />
|align = "right"|2,094<br />
|align = "right"|0.6<br />
|align = "right"|174.8<br />
|align = "right"|158.8<br />
|align = "right"|548.8<br />
|align = "right"|11<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|align = "right"|19.2<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other education<br />
|align = "right"|56,474<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|94.4<br />
|align = "right"|85<br />
|align = "right"|302.6<br />
|align = "right"|5.9<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Environment and animals<br />
|align = "right"|15,110<br />
|align = "right"|4.5<br />
|align = "right"|14.9<br />
|align = "right"|13.4<br />
|align = "right"|36.3<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.3<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Health<br />
|align = "right"|41,619<br />
|align = "right"|12.4<br />
|align = "right"|942.4<br />
|align = "right"|895.3<br />
|align = "right"|1,202.6<br />
|align = "right"|59.1<br />
|align = "right"|59.8<br />
|align = "right"|42.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Hospitals and primary care facilities<br />
|align = "right"|7,308<br />
|align = "right"|2.2<br />
|align = "right"|798.5<br />
|align = "right"|758.4<br />
|align = "right"|973.3<br />
|align = "right"|50.1<br />
|align = "right"|50.6<br />
|align = "right"|34.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other healthcare<br />
|align = "right"|34,311<br />
|align = "right"|10.2<br />
|align = "right"|143.8<br />
|align = "right"|136.9<br />
|align = "right"|229.3<br />
|align = "right"|9.0<br />
|align = "right"|9.1<br />
|align = "right"|8.0<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Human services<br />
|align = "right"|116,643<br />
|align = "right"|34.8<br />
|align = "right"|202.4<br />
|align = "right"|195.8<br />
|align = "right"|303.7<br />
|align = "right"|12.7<br />
|align = "right"|13.1<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:International and foreign affairs<br />
|align = "right"|7,007<br />
|align = "right"|2.1<br />
|align = "right"|28.9<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|30<br />
|align = "right"|1.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Public and social benefits<br />
|align = "right"|39,415<br />
|align = "right"|11.8<br />
|align = "right"|91.4<br />
|align = "right"|81<br />
|align = "right"|300.1<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|5.4<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Religion-related<br />
|align = "right"|21,511<br />
|align = "right"|6.4<br />
|align = "right"|13.8<br />
|align = "right"|12.6<br />
|align = "right"|30.2<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br />
==Steps in event management==<br />
<br />
===Before the event===<br />
# Fundraising - which may involve one or more of the following types:<br />
## Merchandising - Selling goods to raise fund.Organizations involved : [http://www.cafepress.com/+nposhops+gifts Cafepress], [http://www.smartcausedigital.com/articles/sell-merchandise-your-nonprofit-without-dealing-inventory#.U6Js9pSSySo SmartCause Digital]<br />
## Donation - Donations for the events could also be raised through certain online sources like [https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]<br />
# Payment processing etc. - Certain bodies are present who work exclusively for non-profit organisation payment processing like [https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud], [http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah] and [http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits BluePay]<br />
# Handling registration for the event<br />
# Accounts book-keeping<br />
# Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date like [http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ nonprofitCMS] and [http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Web Works]<br />
# Recruitment of volunteers - companies like [http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan] and [https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteer Match]<br />
# Marketing for the event - companies like [http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent] and [http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]<br />
<br />
===During the event===<br />
# Logistical support like food, accommodation, lighting, generators etc.<br />
# Timekeeers - companies like [https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]<br />
<br />
===After the event===<br />
# Accounting and auditing of records<br />
# Managing mailing list<br />
# Communication with participants <br />
# Communication with institution for which event was organized<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|<mm>[[Nonprofit Event Management Activities.mm]]</mm><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Companies==<br />
<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Before the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|1<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Fundraising (Online fundraising software)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.kickstarter.com/ Kickstarter]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/?pc=cf2 Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/ YouCaring]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.causes.com/ Causes]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorschoose.org/ Donors Choose]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.buzzbnk.org/ Buzzbnk]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://startsomegood.com/ Start Some Good]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.causevox.com/ Causevox]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/ Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.returnonchange.com/ Return on Change]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Fundraising (Merchandizing)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zazzle.com/charity+stamps Zazzle]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cafepress.com/+nonprofit+gifts Cafepress]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.spreadshirt.com/ Spreadshirt]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.printfection.com/ Printfection]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.winwinsportswear.com/fundraising-options.aspx Win-Win Sportswear]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.charity-merchandise.co.uk/ Charity-merchandise]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Payment processing<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.paypal.com/in/webapps/mpp/home Paypal]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.wepay.com/ WePay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits Bluepay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gifttool.com/ GiftTool]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.clickandpledge.com/ Click & Pledge]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.qgiv.com/ Qgiv]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ MemberClicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.iatspayments.com/ IATS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.contribute.com/ Contribute]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/donation-processing.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greater Giving]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Handling registration for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.eventbrite.com/t/free-online-event-registration Eventbrite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ Active Network, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.avectra.com/ Avectra]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.aptean.com/products/gomembers-ams Aptean]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tendenci.com/ Tendenci]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://fluittsolutions.com/registration Fluitt Solutions]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|Accounts book-keeping<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eisneramper.com/industries/nonprofit_organizations/ EisnerAmper]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nonprofitsuite.com/accounting-services/ Nonprofit Suite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rennercpa.com/index.html?page=accounting-services-nonprofit-auditing-taxation Renner & Company]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.smjones.com/ Susan Matlack Jones & Associates]</u></font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ Non-profit CMS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.webstarttoday.com/website-builder/non-profit-organization-website/ Web Start Today]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Webworks]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|Recruitment of volunteers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteermatch]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.thedatabank.com/ The Data Bank]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|Marketing for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/index.jsp Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|9<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Donor management (CRM)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nationbuilder.com/ NationBuilder]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salsalabs.com/ Salsa Labs]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vtiger.com/ vtiger]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wildapricot.com/ Wild Apricot]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://civicrm.org/ CivicCRM ]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorperfect.com/ Donor Perfect]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://bloomerang.co/about/why/ Bloomerang]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://sumac.com/ Sumac]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donortools.com/ Donor Tools]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://orangeleap.com/ OrangeLeap]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.agoodcloud.com/ A good Cloud]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Logistical support like food, accommodation<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.axisg.com/services/event-management/ Axis Global Systems]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.openspark.co/content/event-logistics-management OpenSpark]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://eventlm.com/ Events Logistics Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mclabs.com/meeting-services/event-logistics.aspx MicroTek]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Timekeepers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://rfidtiming.com/ RFID Timing]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|3<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Event management companies<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/ Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eventbrite.com/ Event Brite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/ Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.brownpapertickets.com/ Brown Paper Tickets]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ RegOnline]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.etouches.com/ eTouches]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://ticketbud.com/ Ticketbud]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.doubleknot.com/ Double Knot]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.volunteerhub.com/ VolunteerHub]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.arts-people.com/ Arts People]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ungerboeck.com/ Ungerboeck]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.yourmembership.com/ Your Membership]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rotundasoftware.com/volunteerschedulerpro/common/howItWorks/howItWorks.php?prog=VSP Rotunda Software, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ Memberclicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.activeendurance.com/ Active Endurance]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acteva.com/ Acteva]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greatergiving]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/ Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://pacificsportsllc.com/ Pacific Sports LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://indrapr.com/nonprofit/ Indra PR]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Event equipment rentals<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/pages/equipment-rental.php Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''After the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Accounting and auditing of records<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://us.intacct.com/your-business/your-industry/accounting-software-for-nonprofits Intacct]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accufund.com/ AccuFund]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.abila.com/solutions/abila-nonprofit-online Abila]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Event results<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.softrek.com/services/nonprofit-business-intelligence-and-reporting SofTrek Corporation]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|Managing mailing list & Communication with participants <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/receipts-and-acknowledgments.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://aherncomm.com/ss_plugins/content/content.php?content.1000 Ahern Donor Communications]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Business Models==<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for nonprofit companies===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for nonprofit companies]]<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for event management===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for event management.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for event management]]<br />
<br><br />
===Fee structure===<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising management software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Fee for using the software'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Percentage of the fundraising dollars and transcation fees'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Technical support and training'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Website Development'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/pricing.cfm Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/app/services/download.cfm?f=pledgeFS DoJiggy Pledge is a complete web-based registration and fundraising management system. $449 annually for up to 100 event participants. This is a single event license. <br>100 Additional Registrant -$169]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|Yes ($100/hour)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising through crowdfunding'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Platform Fees are deducted from each donation'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Payment processing charges'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Monthly fees or setup costs'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Web page design'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/ Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Gofundme 5% ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Wepay 2.9% +$0.30 per donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://support.indiegogo.com/hc/en-us/articles/202444736-How-To-Raise-Tax-Deductible-Funds For nonprofit,<br>reach your goal -3%<br>don't reach your goal -6.75%]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://go.indiegogo.com/pricing-fees 3-5% for credit card or PayPal processing]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/ Giveforward]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>5% per transaction</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>2.9% + $0.50 </u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.youcaring.com/ Youcaring]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/fees 0%. Supported by thousands of contributors.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/learn/raise-more-money 2.9% + $.30 per transaction<br>(+ 5% automatic "tip" for donors)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/p/nonprofits 4.9% transaction fee ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/razoo-difference? 2.0% + 30¢ payment processing fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/ Stayclassy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 4% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 2.2% + $0.30 /transaction<br>+1% for AMEX and +1% for International Transactions]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing $99/Month Subscription fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/ Network for Good]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow 3% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/nonprofits 2.9% + $0.30]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow $69.95/Month. No Set-Up Fees]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/no-hidden-fees-policy Custom webpage Design Fee: $299]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq Fee of 3%-5% of the funds]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq 2.9%+$0.30 fee from each donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/charities/choose $49/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Donor CRM software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Software modules subscription'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Additional fee for users'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Transaction fees (Payment processing)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' '''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing Up to two modules are included with the Standard NeonCRM monthly fee: Under 15,000 contituent records $149/month. <br>Each Additional Module: (Under 15,000 constituents) +$40/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing 10 users can use at the same time. Additional users: $50/month per 5 users.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://store.sugarcrm.com/ Sugar Enterprise Edition - $60<br>user/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/crm/comparison.html ENTERPRISE: $35 /user /month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/get-started-nonprofit/ Enterprise Edition: $30 per user/per month * (billed annually)<br>first 10 EE licenses are FREE]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|5<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/files/resources/downloads/Datasheet_FE_CloudComputing.pdf Fund Accounting Software (Financial Edge ESSENTIALS) -$550/MONTH]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/etapestry/pricing-plans Fundraising CRM (eTapestry ESSENTIALS) - $199 /month<br>5,000 Records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/raisers-edge/pricing-plans The Raiser's Edge (online fundraising) - Unlimited records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://mashable.com/2012/05/21/nonprofits-blackbaud/ 4.95% and $0.30 per transaction]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Crowdfunding platform business models===<br />
*'''Commissions on funds raised:'''<br />
::This is by far the most common of all in the crowdfunding space. It's easy to understand for fund raisers and is also risk-free for them. In fact it's risk-free because you're the one bearing the risk, as you need to pay for software and support without the certainty of earning anything back. In addition, commissions require high volumes to make any good amount of money. Whether it is a crowdfunding or crowdinvesting platform, both have commission-based business models where they take a percentage of the profits (typically [http://www.lumosforbusiness.com/blog/792 4 – 7.5%]) from every successfully funded campaign on their platform.<br />
<br />
*'''Listing fees:'''<br />
::This one is more common on equity crowdfunding platforms, simply because the structure of the investment doesn't allow for commissions. They can be one-off or monthly. Their advantage is that you're guaranteed to earn these fees whatever happens. On the flip side, you won't benefit from a project's potential success.<br />
<br />
*'''Transaction fees:'''<br />
::This is a middle-ground between commissions and listing fees. Every time someone makes an investment or a donation, you can add a non-refundable, fixed or variable transaction fee, paying for using the service. It's a little less popular but can prove effective in building sustainable revenues.<br />
<br />
*'''Additional services:'''<br />
::Most fundraisers will need videos, pictures and marketing. Some will also need more specific services like order management and fulfillment. By offering such added-value services you can make your users' lives much easier and earn more money.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.towema.com/blog/159-Four-business-models-for-your-crowdfunding-platform Towema]<br />
<br></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Value_chain_for_nonprofit_companies.jpg&diff=11059File:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg2014-10-07T06:13:26Z<p>Thungana.praveen: Thungana.praveen uploaded a new version of &quot;File:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg&quot;</p>
<hr />
<div></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Value_chain_for_event_management.jpg&diff=11058File:Value chain for event management.jpg2014-10-07T06:09:43Z<p>Thungana.praveen: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Value_chain_for_nonprofit_companies.jpg&diff=11057File:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg2014-10-07T06:09:32Z<p>Thungana.praveen: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Nonprofit_Event_Management-_Business_Models&diff=11056Nonprofit Event Management- Business Models2014-10-07T06:08:05Z<p>Thungana.praveen: Created page with "==Nonprofit sector in USA== * 1.58 million nonprofits were registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 2011, an increase of 21.5 percent from 2001. * An estimated $..."</p>
<hr />
<div>==Nonprofit sector in USA==<br />
<br />
* 1.58 million nonprofits were registered with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 2011, an increase of 21.5 percent from 2001.<br />
* An estimated $836.9 billion was contributed to the U.S. economy by the nonprofit sector in 2011(Excluding nonprofit institutions serving government or business), which made up 5.6 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP).<br />
* In 2012, total private giving from individuals, foundations, and businesses was around $316.23 billion for the first time since the recession started, an increase of nearly 4 percent from 2011.<br />
* In 2011, almost 1 million organizations were classified as public charities, which represents three-fifths of all registered nonprofits.<br />
* Close to 56.8 percent of reporting organizations were public charities in 2011.Accounting for more than three-quarters of revenues and expenses for the nonprofit sector, public charities reported $1.59 trillion in revenues and $1.50 trillion in expenses. Assets held by public charities account for more than three-fifths of the sector total.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br><br />
===Number and Finances of Reporting Public Charities by Subsector, 2011===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align= "center"<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| <br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"| $ Billion<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|Percent (%)<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
|Number<br />
|align = "center"|%<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|Revenues<br />
|Expenses<br />
|Assets<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|All public charities<br />
|align = "right"|335,037<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|1,593.6<br />
|align = "right"|1,498.2<br />
|align = "right"|2,856.0<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|align = "right"|100<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"| <br />
:Arts, culture, and humanities<br />
|align = "right"|35,164<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|align = "right"|30.8<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|101.7<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|3.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Education<br />
|align = "right"|58,568<br />
|align = "right"|17.5<br />
|align = "right"|269.2<br />
|align = "right"|243.8<br />
|align = "right"|851.4<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|16.3<br />
|align = "right"|29.8<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Higher education<br />
|align = "right"|2,094<br />
|align = "right"|0.6<br />
|align = "right"|174.8<br />
|align = "right"|158.8<br />
|align = "right"|548.8<br />
|align = "right"|11<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|align = "right"|19.2<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other education<br />
|align = "right"|56,474<br />
|align = "right"|16.9<br />
|align = "right"|94.4<br />
|align = "right"|85<br />
|align = "right"|302.6<br />
|align = "right"|5.9<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Environment and animals<br />
|align = "right"|15,110<br />
|align = "right"|4.5<br />
|align = "right"|14.9<br />
|align = "right"|13.4<br />
|align = "right"|36.3<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.3<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Health<br />
|align = "right"|41,619<br />
|align = "right"|12.4<br />
|align = "right"|942.4<br />
|align = "right"|895.3<br />
|align = "right"|1,202.6<br />
|align = "right"|59.1<br />
|align = "right"|59.8<br />
|align = "right"|42.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Hospitals and primary care facilities<br />
|align = "right"|7,308<br />
|align = "right"|2.2<br />
|align = "right"|798.5<br />
|align = "right"|758.4<br />
|align = "right"|973.3<br />
|align = "right"|50.1<br />
|align = "right"|50.6<br />
|align = "right"|34.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
::Other healthcare<br />
|align = "right"|34,311<br />
|align = "right"|10.2<br />
|align = "right"|143.8<br />
|align = "right"|136.9<br />
|align = "right"|229.3<br />
|align = "right"|9.0<br />
|align = "right"|9.1<br />
|align = "right"|8.0<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Human services<br />
|align = "right"|116,643<br />
|align = "right"|34.8<br />
|align = "right"|202.4<br />
|align = "right"|195.8<br />
|align = "right"|303.7<br />
|align = "right"|12.7<br />
|align = "right"|13.1<br />
|align = "right"|10.6<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:International and foreign affairs<br />
|align = "right"|7,007<br />
|align = "right"|2.1<br />
|align = "right"|28.9<br />
|align = "right"|28.1<br />
|align = "right"|30<br />
|align = "right"|1.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.9<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Public and social benefits<br />
|align = "right"|39,415<br />
|align = "right"|11.8<br />
|align = "right"|91.4<br />
|align = "right"|81<br />
|align = "right"|300.1<br />
|align = "right"|5.7<br />
|align = "right"|5.4<br />
|align = "right"|10.5<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|<br />
:Religion-related<br />
|align = "right"|21,511<br />
|align = "right"|6.4<br />
|align = "right"|13.8<br />
|align = "right"|12.6<br />
|align = "right"|30.2<br />
|align = "right"|0.9<br />
|align = "right"|0.8<br />
|align = "right"|1.1<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/412923-The-Nonprofit-Sector-in-Brief.pdf The Urban Institute]<br />
<br />
==Steps in event management==<br />
<br />
===Before the event===<br />
# Fundraising - which may involve one or more of the following types:<br />
## Merchandising - Selling goods to raise fund.Organizations involved : [http://www.cafepress.com/+nposhops+gifts Cafepress], [http://www.smartcausedigital.com/articles/sell-merchandise-your-nonprofit-without-dealing-inventory#.U6Js9pSSySo SmartCause Digital]<br />
## Donation - Donations for the events could also be raised through certain online sources like [https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]<br />
# Payment processing etc. - Certain bodies are present who work exclusively for non-profit organisation payment processing like [https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud], [http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah] and [http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits BluePay]<br />
# Handling registration for the event<br />
# Accounts book-keeping<br />
# Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date like [http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ nonprofitCMS] and [http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Web Works]<br />
# Recruitment of volunteers - companies like [http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan] and [https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteer Match]<br />
# Marketing for the event - companies like [http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent] and [http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]<br />
<br />
===During the event===<br />
# Logistical support like food, accommodation, lighting, generators etc.<br />
# Timekeeers - companies like [https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]<br />
<br />
===After the event===<br />
# Accounting and auditing of records<br />
# Managing mailing list<br />
# Communication with participants <br />
# Communication with institution for which event was organized<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Mind map: Nonprofit Event Management==<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|<mm>[[Image:Nonprofit Event Management Activities.mm]]</mm><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Companies==<br />
<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Before the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|1<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Fundraising (Online fundraising software)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.kickstarter.com/ Kickstarter]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/?pc=cf2 Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/ YouCaring]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.causes.com/ Causes]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorschoose.org/ Donors Choose]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.buzzbnk.org/ Buzzbnk]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://startsomegood.com/ Start Some Good]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.causevox.com/ Causevox]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/ Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.returnonchange.com/ Return on Change]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Fundraising (Merchandizing)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zazzle.com/charity+stamps Zazzle]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cafepress.com/+nonprofit+gifts Cafepress]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.spreadshirt.com/ Spreadshirt]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.printfection.com/ Printfection]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.winwinsportswear.com/fundraising-options.aspx Win-Win Sportswear]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.charity-merchandise.co.uk/ Charity-merchandise]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3<br />
|rowspan = "2"|Payment processing<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.paypal.com/in/webapps/mpp/home Paypal]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.wepay.com/ WePay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bluepay.com/processing-services/merchant-types/non-profits Bluepay]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gifttool.com/ GiftTool]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.clickandpledge.com/ Click & Pledge]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.qgiv.com/ Qgiv]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ MemberClicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.iatspayments.com/ IATS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.contribute.com/ Contribute]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/donation-processing.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.moolahpayments.com/ Moolah]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greater Giving]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Handling registration for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.eventbrite.com/t/free-online-event-registration Eventbrite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ Active Network, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.avectra.com/ Avectra]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.aptean.com/products/gomembers-ams Aptean]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tendenci.com/ Tendenci]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://fluittsolutions.com/registration Fluitt Solutions]</u></font><br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|Accounts book-keeping<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eisneramper.com/industries/nonprofit_organizations/ EisnerAmper]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nonprofitsuite.com/accounting-services/ Nonprofit Suite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rennercpa.com/index.html?page=accounting-services-nonprofit-auditing-taxation Renner & Company]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.smjones.com/ Susan Matlack Jones & Associates]</u></font><br />
|&nbsp;<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Creating event website and keeping it up-to-date<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nonprofitcms.org/ Non-profit CMS]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.webstarttoday.com/website-builder/non-profit-organization-website/ Web Start Today]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://dotorgwebworks.org/ Dot Org Webworks]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|Recruitment of volunteers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.volunteermatch.org/nonprofits/gettingstarted/ Volunteermatch]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bridgespan.org/Publications-and-Tools/Hiring-Nonprofit-Leaders.aspx Bridgespan]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.thedatabank.com/ The Data Bank]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|Marketing for the event<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/index.jsp Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/en/customers/non-profit-solutions.shtml Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.coultercos.com/ Coulter Companies]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|9<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Donor management (CRM)<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://nationbuilder.com/ NationBuilder]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salsalabs.com/ Salsa Labs]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vtiger.com/ vtiger]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/BBMS/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wildapricot.com/ Wild Apricot]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://civicrm.org/ CivicCRM ]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donorperfect.com/ Donor Perfect]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://bloomerang.co/about/why/ Bloomerang]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://sumac.com/ Sumac]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.donortools.com/ Donor Tools]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://orangeleap.com/ OrangeLeap]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.agoodcloud.com/ A good Cloud]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Logistical support like food, accommodation<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.axisg.com/services/event-management/ Axis Global Systems]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.openspark.co/content/event-logistics-management OpenSpark]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://eventlm.com/ Events Logistics Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.mclabs.com/meeting-services/event-logistics.aspx MicroTek]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Timekeepers<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.chronotrack.com/ Chronotrack]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://rfidtiming.com/ RFID Timing]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|3<br />
|rowspan = "3"|Event management companies<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.constantcontact.com/ Constant Contact]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.eventbrite.com/ Event Brite]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.cvent.com/ Cvent]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.brownpapertickets.com/ Brown Paper Tickets]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.regonline.com/ RegOnline]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.etouches.com/ eTouches]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://ticketbud.com/ Ticketbud]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.doubleknot.com/ Double Knot]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.volunteerhub.com/ VolunteerHub]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.arts-people.com/ Arts People]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ungerboeck.com/ Ungerboeck]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.yourmembership.com/ Your Membership]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.rotundasoftware.com/volunteerschedulerpro/common/howItWorks/howItWorks.php?prog=VSP Rotunda Software, LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.memberclicks.com/ Memberclicks]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
<br />
||<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.activeendurance.com/ Active Endurance]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acteva.com/ Acteva]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.greatergiving.com/ Greatergiving]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/ Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://pacificsportsllc.com/ Pacific Sports LLC]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://indrapr.com/nonprofit/ Indra PR]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Event equipment rentals<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.visioneventmanagement.com/pages/equipment-rental.php Vision Event Management]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u> </u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "9"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''After the event'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center"|'''Category'''<br />
|align = "center" colspan = "7"|'''Companies'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|Accounting and auditing of records<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://us.intacct.com/your-business/your-industry/accounting-software-for-nonprofits Intacct]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.accufund.com/ AccuFund]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.abila.com/solutions/abila-nonprofit-online Abila]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Event results<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.softrek.com/services/nonprofit-business-intelligence-and-reporting SofTrek Corporation]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|Managing mailing list & Communication with participants <br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.consultnbs.com/our-services/receipts-and-acknowledgments.html Nonprofit Business Solutions]</u></font><br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://aherncomm.com/ss_plugins/content/content.php?content.1000 Ahern Donor Communications]</u></font><br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Business Models==<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for nonprofit companies===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for nonprofit companies.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for nonprofit companies]]<br />
<br><br />
===Value chain for event management===<br />
[[Image:Value chain for event management.jpg|700px|thumb|center|Value chain for event management]]<br />
<br><br />
===Fee structure===<br />
{|border="1" cellspacing="2" width="90%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising management software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Fee for using the software'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Percentage of the fundraising dollars and transcation fees'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Technical support and training'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Website Development'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/pricing.cfm Dojiggy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.dojiggy.com/app/services/download.cfm?f=pledgeFS DoJiggy Pledge is a complete web-based registration and fundraising management system. $449 annually for up to 100 event participants. This is a single event license. <br>100 Additional Registrant -$169]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|Yes ($100/hour)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Fundraising through crowdfunding'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Platform Fees are deducted from each donation'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Payment processing charges'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Monthly fees or setup costs'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Custom Web page design'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/ Gofundme]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Gofundme 5% ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.gofundme.com/pricing/ Wepay 2.9% +$0.30 per donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.indiegogo.com/ Indiegogo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://support.indiegogo.com/hc/en-us/articles/202444736-How-To-Raise-Tax-Deductible-Funds For nonprofit,<br>reach your goal -3%<br>don't reach your goal -6.75%]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://go.indiegogo.com/pricing-fees 3-5% for credit card or PayPal processing]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/ Giveforward]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>5% per transaction</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>2.9% + $0.50 </u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.youcaring.com/ Youcaring]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.youcaring.com/fees 0%. Supported by thousands of contributors.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.giveforward.com/learn/raise-more-money 2.9% + $.30 per transaction<br>(+ 5% automatic "tip" for donors)]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/ Razoo]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/p/nonprofits 4.9% transaction fee ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.razoo.com/razoo-difference? 2.0% + 30¢ payment processing fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/ Stayclassy]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 4% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing 2.2% + $0.30 /transaction<br>+1% for AMEX and +1% for International Transactions]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.stayclassy.org/pricing $99/Month Subscription fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/ Network for Good]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow 3% Transaction Fee]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/nonprofits 2.9% + $0.30]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/for-nonprofits/fundraising/donatenow $69.95/Month. No Set-Up Fees]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www1.networkforgood.org/no-hidden-fees-policy Custom webpage Design Fee: $299]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/ Crowdrise]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq Fee of 3%-5% of the funds]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/about/faq 2.9%+$0.30 fee from each donation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.crowdrise.com/charities/choose $49/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|No<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#1F497D" colspan = "6"|<font color="#FFFFFF"><font size = "4">'''Donor CRM software'''</font></font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Software modules subscription'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Additional fee for users'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Transaction fees (Payment processing)'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">''' '''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/ NeonCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing Up to two modules are included with the Standard NeonCRM monthly fee: Under 15,000 contituent records $149/month. <br>Each Additional Module: (Under 15,000 constituents) +$40/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.z2systems.com/neoncrm/pricing 10 users can use at the same time. Additional users: $50/month per 5 users.]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.sugarcrm.com/ SugarCRM]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://store.sugarcrm.com/ Sugar Enterprise Edition - $60<br>user/month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/ Zoho]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.zoho.com/crm/comparison.html ENTERPRISE: $35 /user /month]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/nonprofit/ Salesforce Foundation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.salesforcefoundation.org/get-started-nonprofit/ Enterprise Edition: $30 per user/per month * (billed annually)<br>first 10 EE licenses are FREE]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|5<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/ Blackbaud]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/files/resources/downloads/Datasheet_FE_CloudComputing.pdf Fund Accounting Software (Financial Edge ESSENTIALS) -$550/MONTH]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/etapestry/pricing-plans Fundraising CRM (eTapestry ESSENTIALS) - $199 /month<br>5,000 Records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://www.blackbaud.com/fundraising-crm/raisers-edge/pricing-plans The Raiser's Edge (online fundraising) - Unlimited records]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Unlimited users<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://mashable.com/2012/05/21/nonprofits-blackbaud/ 4.95% and $0.30 per transaction]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Crowdfunding platform business models===<br />
*'''Commissions on funds raised:'''<br />
::This is by far the most common of all in the crowdfunding space. It's easy to understand for fund raisers and is also risk-free for them. In fact it's risk-free because you're the one bearing the risk, as you need to pay for software and support without the certainty of earning anything back. In addition, commissions require high volumes to make any good amount of money. Whether it is a crowdfunding or crowdinvesting platform, both have commission-based business models where they take a percentage of the profits (typically [http://www.lumosforbusiness.com/blog/792 4 – 7.5%]) from every successfully funded campaign on their platform.<br />
<br />
*'''Listing fees:'''<br />
::This one is more common on equity crowdfunding platforms, simply because the structure of the investment doesn't allow for commissions. They can be one-off or monthly. Their advantage is that you're guaranteed to earn these fees whatever happens. On the flip side, you won't benefit from a project's potential success.<br />
<br />
*'''Transaction fees:'''<br />
::This is a middle-ground between commissions and listing fees. Every time someone makes an investment or a donation, you can add a non-refundable, fixed or variable transaction fee, paying for using the service. It's a little less popular but can prove effective in building sustainable revenues.<br />
<br />
*'''Additional services:'''<br />
::Most fundraisers will need videos, pictures and marketing. Some will also need more specific services like order management and fulfillment. By offering such added-value services you can make your users' lives much easier and earn more money.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.towema.com/blog/159-Four-business-models-for-your-crowdfunding-platform Towema]<br />
<br></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=11055Main Page2014-10-07T06:07:28Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Business & Information Research Services */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
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<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]</font><br><br><br />
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{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
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===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
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<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
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{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
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! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
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|-<br />
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* [[Patent Valuation]]<br />
* [[Automatic Faucets]]<br />
|-<br />
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{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
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<br />
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<br />
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* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard] <br />
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<br />
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<br />
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<br />
==== Templates: ====<br />
<br />
<b> Food : </b><br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in foods]]<br />
* [[Campylobacter control in meat]]<br />
* [[Antioxidants form olive waste]]<br />
* [[phytosterol and phytostanols]]<br />
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<br />
<b> Packaging : </b><br />
* [[Plastic aerosols]]<br />
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<br />
<b> Cosmetics: </b><br />
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<br />
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{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "<br />
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]''' <br />
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----<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani<br />
|-<br />
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Veterinary_Vaccines_Market_Report&diff=11052Veterinary Vaccines Market Report2014-06-02T12:03:43Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Indian Veterinary Vaccines Market */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following report studies the Veterinary Vaccines market in detail and analyzes the market information to come up with Future trends and Attractive segments in this market. <br />
<br />
<br />
The following is a snapshot of the complete report:<br />
* The '''Global Veterinary Vaccines market ($4.23 Bn)''' accounted for around 20% of the total Vaccines market ($29.71 Bn) in 2010. It is expected to grow with a '''CAGR of 5.80%''' to reach the market size of '''$5.6 Bn by 2015'''. <br />
* '''United States''' represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. <br />
* '''Porcine vaccines''' is the '''largest sub-segment''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015 whereas '''Canine Vaccines''' is the '''fastest growing segment''' among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%. <br />
* The '''top 3 players''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market are '''Pfizer, Merck and Sanofi-Aventis''', based on the revenues they generated in the Animal Health Segment in 2010. <br />
* The report contains the company profile of 8 major players in this segment, with focus on their Veterinary Vaccines market activities only. <br />
* There have been '''11 Mergers/Acquisitions''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market in the last two years (2009-2011), with Pfizer acquiring Wyeth being the largest aquisition based on the deal size and the value add, it brought to Pfizer in the Veterinary Vaccines market and its portfolio. This acquisition has been analyzed in the market report.<br />
<br />
<br />
Based on the market analysis, R&D trends, future focus areas of the key players and transactional activities in this segment, we conclude the following trends in the Veterinary Vaccines market:<br />
# '''Companion Veterinary Vaccines''' are trailing on '''''high growth track'''''<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, '''canine vaccines''' is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is '''''expected to be the leading segment''''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# '''Two major segments in focus:'''<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# '''Two major areas of focus''' in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
=Introduction=<br />
Vaccination protects hundreds of millions of animals worldwide from disease and possibly death. Animals, just like humans, suffer from a range of infectious diseases. As veterinary medicine has advanced, prevention of disease has become a priority as healthy food comes from healthy animals. One of the best means of preventing disease is by creating immunity in the animal. This is usually achieved by vaccination.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Not all animals need every vaccine. Some, like clostridial disease prevention, are basically routine, just like childhood vaccination programmes. The vaccination programme chosen for farm animals depends on the management system, the location of the farm and the history of the herd or flock (and whether or not a disease is likely to be encountered). Most farm animals are young, and these animals (just like children) are often more susceptible to infection. So, for example, calves often need to be protected by vaccination against respiratory disease. Some of the diseases that can be prevented are shown below.<br />
<br><br />
==Species Diseases Controlled by Vaccines==<br />
# '''Cattle''' - Blackleg, tetanus, <nowiki>’</nowiki>husk<nowiki>’</nowiki> (lungworm disease), rotavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheictis (IBR), respiratory syncytial virus, pasteurellosis, enteritis, leptospirosis, mastitis, ringworm, BVD, PI3, coronavirus, salmonella, E Coli.<br />
# '''Sheep & goats''' - Clostridial diseases (8 different species including tetanus), pasteurellosis, ovine abortion (chlamydiosis and toxoplasmosis), louping ill, contagious pustular dermatitis (orf), footrot<br />
# '''Pigs''' - Erysipelas, parvovirus, colibacillosis, clostridial disease, atrophic rhinitis, enteritis, porcine pneumonia, PRRS<br />
# '''Poultry''' - Avian coccidiosis, avian encephalomyelitis, avian infectious bronchitis, avian infectious bursal disease, avian reovirus, chicken anaemia virus, duck virus enteritis, egg drop syndrome 1976, erysipelas, infectious laryngotracheitis, Marek<nowiki>’</nowiki>s disease, Newcastle disease, pasteurellosis, post-natal colibacillosis, salmonellosis, swollen head syndrome, turkey haemorrhagic enteritis, turkey rhinotracheitis<br />
# '''Fish''' - Enteric redmouth disease, furunculosis, vibriosis (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio viscosus (now named moratella viscosus))<br />
# '''Dogs''' - Distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvovirus, kennel cough (Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus). Also rabies for dogs going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Cats''' - Feline infectious enteritis (or panleucopenia), feline leukaemia, chlamydia, cat <nowiki>’</nowiki>flu<nowiki>’</nowiki> (feline herpes virus and feline calicivirus). Also rabies for cats going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Horses''' - Equine herpes virus 1, influenza, tetanus, viral arteritis. Also rabies (not routinely used in the UK)<br />
# '''Rabbits''' - Myxomatosis, viral haemorrhagic disease<br />
# '''Pigeons''' - Paramyxovirus, pigeon pox<br />
<br />
Sources: National Office of Animal Health [http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/10-vacci.htm 1],[http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/22-vaccfarmanimals.htm 2]<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
=Market Overview=<br />
<br />
The global pharmaceutical industry was $825Bn in 2010, out of which the total Vaccines market accounted for only 3.6% ($29.71 Bn). The vaccines market is classified in two segments: Human Vaccines and Veterinary Vaccines market. The human vaccines market accounts for more than 80% of the total vaccines market, whereas the Veterinary vaccines market accounts for around 20% of the total vaccines market. The focus of this report will be on Veterinary vaccines. <br />
<br><br />
==Market Size of Vaccines==<br />
* The global sales of human and animal vaccines were $22.5 Bn in 2008. In 2010, it has reached approximately $29.71 Bn. The global vaccines market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.91% in 2008-2010.<br />
* The global market for human vaccines in 2008 was $18.7 Bn and, with a continuing increase in the global market, reached $25.48 Bn in 2010. <br />
* The Veterinary vaccines market grew from approximately $3.8 Bn in 2008 to about $4.23 Bn in 2010, an increase of about 5.51%. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Global Vaccines Market Size1.jpg|center|thumb|592px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Indian Veterinary Vaccines Market===<br />
* The Indian veterinary vaccine market has reached $107M in 2011 and is forecast to reach $174M by 2020 with a CAGR of 5%.<br />
* The animal vaccines include poultry vaccines,cattle and sheep vaccines.<br />
* The main players in this sector include <br />
** [http://www.indimmune.com/ Indian Immunologicals] <br />
** [http://www.indovax.com/ Indovax] <br />
** Intervet acquired by Merck<br />
** [http://www.biovet.com/ Biovet]<br />
** [http://www.hesterbiosciences.co.in/ Hester Biosciences]<br />
** [http://www.brilliantbiopharma.com/ Brilliant Bio Pharma] <br />
** [http://www.msd-animal-health.co.in/ MSD Animal Health (Merck)] and<br />
** [http://iahvb.co.in/ The Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals]<br />
<br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
[[Image:Indian Vaccines Market Size.jpg|center|thumb|592px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Forecast for Vaccines==<br />
* Veterinary Vaccines market is expected to increase at a 5.7% CAGR between 2010 and 2015 to reach $5.6 billion in 2015, driven by a growing number of diseases in animals, technological breakthroughs in biotechnology and growing awareness of animal disease<br />
* Human Vaccines market is expected to grow at a CAGR) of 19.6% to reach $58.6 billion by the end of 2015.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Vaccines Market Size Forecast1.jpg|center|thumb|601px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines Market==<br />
<br />
* United States represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. The growth in the US Veterinary market will slow down in future due to safety concerns, higher market maturity and fewer prospects for mass production and development of new products.<br />
* Europe comes second, with the market share of 33% and the market size of $1.4 Bn in 2010. The European market is mainly driven by the growing demand for livestock. 40% of the revenues in Europe come from France, Germany and United Kingdom, which amounts to $560 Mn <br />
<br />
[[Image:Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccine Market1.jpg|center|thumb|600px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Segments of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
Veterinary Vaccines market is divided into 2 major segments:<br><br />
(i) Livestock Vaccines<br><br />
(ii) Companion Vaccines<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines:''' Mainly consists of Farm animals like Cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, aquaculture and bees<br />
* '''Companion Animals:''' Mainly consist of Dogs, cats and horses<br />
<br><br />
[[Image:Market Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines1.jpg|center|thumb|591px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Among the two segments analyzed, Livestock Vaccines accounts for the larger share of about 59% in 2010. <br />
** Porcine vaccines are the largest sub-segment within Livestock Vaccines. <br />
** The revenues from Porcine Vaccines market have touched $1 Bn in 2010.<br />
<br />
* '''Companion Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Companion Vaccines account for 41% of the Veterinary Vaccines market in 2010. <br />
** Companion Vaccines market is sub-divided into 3 segments, namely, Canine, Feline and Equine. <br />
** Among these segments, Canine and Feline segments are large and account for 95% of the sales in Companion Vaccines. <br />
** Equine vaccines only accounts for 5% of the sales in this segment. <br />
** Canine vaccines are the fastest growing segment within Companion vaccines with the growth potential of more than 5% over the period to 2015.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Analysis of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
The following chart shows the percentage breakup of all the 5 segments in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also shows the market forecast for each of the segments for the years 2010 - 2015. Please click on the required segment in the pie-chart to get the market forecast for that segment in the bar chart.<br />
<br />
'''''Please click on the segments in the pie-chart to get the corresponding segment forecast for 2010-2015'''''<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Market_Segment_Forecast1_01.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* Porcine vaccines is the largest sub-segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015.<br />
* Canine and Feline Vaccine markets are slightly behind the Porcine Vaccines market in terms of market size<br />
* Canine Vaccines is the fastest growing segment among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%<br />
<br><br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
=Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines Market=<br />
This section lists the top players in the Animal Health Segment based on the revenue generated in 2010. It then analyzes the performance of these players in the veterinary vaccines market by looking at the breakup of the revenues generated by them in the vaccines market, current product portfolio in veterinary vaccines, their R&D focus areas in this segment, veterinary vaccines under clinical trial and the benefits from mergers and acquisitions in this market.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Key Players - on Revenue basis ==<br />
Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines market have been determined based on the revenues they made from Animal Health Segment in 2010. The following table lists down the top players in this market along with the revenues generated by them in Animal Health Segment in 2010. All the figures are in Billion $.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Revenues from Animal Health in 2010 ($ Bn)'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.575<br />
|-<br />
|Merck<br />
|align = "center"|2.900<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2.635<br />
|-<br />
|Bayer Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|0.800<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.781<br />
|-<br />
|Novartis<br />
|align = "center"|0.500<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.354<br />
|-<br />
|Heska Corporation<br />
|align = "center"|0.065<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Source: Company Annual Reports<br />
<br />
== Comparative Analysis of Key Players ==<br />
The following interactive chart gives a snapshot of all the activities going on in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It gives the sales breakup for all the segments and sub-segments for all the major players in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also lists down the area of clinical trials and future focus areas of all the major companies in this market.<br />
<br>'''''Please click on the labels to get the corresponding information'''''<br />
<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Comparative_Analysis3_02.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
# Pfizer is the market leader in the Veterinary vaccines market (by revenue) but Merck is the market leader in Livestock Vaccines market and Sanofi-Aventis is leading in the Companion Vaccines market. <br />
# Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacterian and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
Source: Company literature, databases, investment reports, and medical and business journals<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Company Snapshot ==<br />
The following interactive graph compares all the major players in the veterinary vaccines market on various parameters<br />
<br />
# [[Pfizer Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Merck Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Sanofi-Aventis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Bayer Healthcare - Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Virbac]]<br />
# [[Novartis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Heska Corporation]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
= Mergers and Acquisitions =<br />
The following section lists down the major mergers and acquisitions in the veterinary vaccines market and their implications on the veterinary vaccines business of the corresponding companies. It then goes down to analyse one acquisition made in this segment, in detail.<br />
<br><br />
== Major Mergers and Acquisitions ==<br />
The following table lists down all the major mergers and acquisitions that took place in the last 2 years in the Veterinary Vaccines Market and the implications of the same, on the companies involved.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company/Business'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Implications to Veterinary Vaccines business of the Acquiring company/ merged companies'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''% Stake Purchased'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration ($ Mn)'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Source'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|29-Dec-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corp<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corporation is a leader in the development, manufacture and marketing of immunodiagnostic tests for companion and food production animals.<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health<nowiki>’</nowiki>s global reach, commercial operations, and expertise in regulatory and marketing functions will expand customer access to such leading products as WITNESS® and ASSURE® for companion animals, the SERELISA® franchise for livestock animals, and PROFLOK for poultry into new markets, especially in emerging markets for Synbiotics Corp. <br><br>Marrying Synbiotics<nowiki>’</nowiki> R&D expertise in diagnostics with the strength of Pfizer veterinary R&D also is expected to help accelerate our diagnostic development program.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|735<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://animalhealth.pfizer.com/sites/pahweb/PressReleases/Pages/Pfizer%20Animal%20Health%20To%20Acquire%20Synbiotics%20Corporation,%20Entering%20Diagnostics%20Sector.aspx Pfizer Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|14-Dec-10<br />
|Novartis<br />
|Chiron Behring Vaccines<br />
|USA<br />
|Chiron Behring is a joint venture of Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc. and Aventis Pharma. Novartis and Aventis are currently fighting a couple of cases on the largest selling rabies vaccine brand, Rabipur, after the brand went to Novartis in 2009.<br><br>Rabipur was the largest selling rabies vaccine brand in India sold by Aventis for the last one decade. With this transaction, this dispute will be mutually settled.<br><br>Rabipur, the top selling rabies vaccine, with an almost 60% vaccine share was contributing atleast 10% to Aventis Pharma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s total revenue till it went to Novartis<br />
|49<br />
|22.3<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.livemint.com/2010/12/14004955/Novartis-to-acquire-49-stake.html Livemint]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11-Oct-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|King Pharmaceuticals Inc<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The transaction will further expand Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s business profile, including animal health business that will offer a variety of feed additive products for a wide range of species because of the acquisition<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3600<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-12/pfizer-agrees-to-purchase-king-pharmaceuticals-for-3-6-billion-in-cash.html Bloomberg]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|24-May-10<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Microtek International Inc<br />
|Canada<br />
|Microtek International, Inc. is a recognized innovator in aquaculture vaccines, R&D and healthcare diagnostic services. <br><br>The acquisition further expands Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s commitment to a safe food supply from healthy beef and dairy cattle, swine, poultry and fish.<br><br>Microtek not only brings to Pfizer Animal Health industry-leading vaccines and technology, but also complements Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s portfolio of health services and diagnostics for food animal production<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pfizer-animal-health-expands-global-commitment-to-a-safe-food-supply-with-a-new-focus-on-healthy-fish-94817064.html PRNewsWire]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5-Mar-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Santa Elena laboratory<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Uruguay<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac wanted to establish a strategic alliance in the area of vaccines designed for food producing animals. <br><br>This laboratory specializes in biotechnological products of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation for the manufacturing of bacterian vaccines (inactivated and modified),and a wide range of stable cell lines for the production of virus vaccines, inactivated or lessened. <br><br>With this alliance, Santa Elena will be able to use the solid commercial platform brought by Virbac and introduce its vaccines range in many markets abroad. <br><br>Virbac on its side will benefit from Santa Elena<nowiki>’</nowiki>s skills and know-how in biology to help building up a development and manufacturing base for food-producing animals vaccines, allowing Virbac<nowiki>’</nowiki>s entry into this market segment.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1836576 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|12-Jan-10<br />
|Virbac<br />
|Veterinary Assets from Pfizer Inc.<br />
|Australia<br />
|Virbac SA will acquire rights to a portfolio of livestock products historically marketed in Australia by Fort Dodge Animal Health for use in farm animals, primarily cattle and sheep. <br><br>The portfolio includes parasiticides (80% of sales) and vaccines (20%) that achieved net sales of approximately AUD 36 million in 2009. <br><br>This new portfolio will perfectly fit and complement the current range of products that Virbac Australia is bringing to its customers.<br />
|100<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1795141 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2-Nov-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Schering-Plough<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|This will double the number of drugs in late stages of development for Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merger (Merck shareholders would own 68% of the combined company)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|41,000<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123659326420569463.html Wall Street Journal]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Wyeth<br />
|USA<br />
|Wyeth acquisition will diversify Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s pipeline, particularly in vaccines and in biologics<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health will now offer an enhanced portfolio in beef, dairy, and companion animals, as well as a redefined product line for swine, equine and poultry<br />
|100<br />
|68,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/26/us-wyeth-pfizer-idUSTRE50M1AQ20090126?feedType=RSS Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|21-Sep-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s certain assets of Wyeth Pharmaceutical<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Fort Dodge Animal Health business<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Several Countries<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The deal significantly increases the size of Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s companion animal and cattle portfolios.<br><br>Boehringer Ingelheim will acquire the Duramune® line of vaccines for dogs, the Fel-O-Vax® line of vaccines for cats, and the Rabvac® line of rabies vaccines manufactured and sold in the U.S., Canada and Australia. <br><br>In addition, a portfolio of pet and equine pharmaceutical products currently sold in the U.S. is also included in the deal. <br><br>The company will also acquire cattle vaccines in the U.S. and Canada including the Triangle®, Pyramid, and Presponse® vaccine lines. Pharmaceutical products being acquired include Cydectin® (moxidectin) for cattle and sheep as well as Polyflex® (ampicillin sodium). <br><br>The dairy portfolio includes the key brands Today® and Tomorrow®. Several Canadian swine vaccines are included in the acquisition as are some cattle vaccines sold in Europe and South Africa.<br><br>It will build more capabilities in the core vaccine segment and expand Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s already strong product lines<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.americancattlemen.com/articles/boehringer-ingelheim-cattle-health Americancattlemen]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|17-Sep-09<br />
|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|Merial Ltd (50% stake from Merck)<br />
|USA<br />
|Merial makes pet medicines like flea-and-tick blocker, Frontline and chewable heartworm preventer Heartgard, plus Ivomec, a parasite killer in cattle.<br />
|100<br />
|4,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.merck.com/newsroom/news-release-archive/corporate/2009_0918.html Merck Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7-Jun-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|RFCL-Vetnex Animal Health Unit<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|India<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vetnex is a market leader in poultry, livestock and pet healthcare and is one of the top three players in the Indian animal healthcare market.<br><br>Opportunity to enter India market<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|75<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-06-09/news/28467472_1_rfcl-animal-healthcare-pfizer-animal-health Economic Times]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Analysis of Pfizer's Acquisition of Wyeth==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="30%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|Pfizer<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company'''</font><br />
|Wyeth<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|USA<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration'''</font><br />
|$68 Bn<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Post the acquisition, Pfizer Animal Health is now the world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s leader in the discovery, development, manufacture and sales of veterinary vaccines and medicines for livestock and companion animals.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Relevance to Pfizer Animal Health Business ===<br />
Fort Dodge Animal Health is one of the divisions of Wyeth, which is a leader in the manufacturing of prescription and over-the-counter vaccines and pharmaceuticals for veterinary medicine as well as livestock.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reasons for the acquisition ===<br />
==== 1. Diversified its U.S. portfolio ====<br />
<br />
The following products have been added to Pfizer Animal Health portfolio post acquisition:<br />
* Beef and dairy animal health portfolio - FACTREL®, SYNOVEX®<br />
* Swine market portfolio - SUVAXYN®, SUVAXYN PCV-2<br />
* Poultry Health Portfolio - POULVAC®, MATERNAVAC® IBD-Reo<br />
* Equine health portfolio - WEST NILE INNOVATOR ®, FLU VAC INNOVATOR ®, QUEST®, QUEST PLUS® <br />
* Canine portfolio - LYMEVAX®<br />
<br />
<br><br />
==== 2. Foray into new business areas ====<br />
* Wyeth has expanded Pfizer's presence in animal health<br />
* Augments in-line and pipeline portfolio in “invest to win” disease areas<br />
* Enhances the scientific, manufacturing and pharmaceutical science capabilities of Pfizer<br />
* Provides the best opportunities for world class, high performing talent in the industry<br />
<br><br />
==== 3. Strengthens Platforms for Improved, Consistent and Stable Earnings Growth ====<br />
* Pfizer’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= -5.3%<br />
* Wyeth’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= 4.3%<br />
* Combined Pfizer-Wyeth CAGR (2008-13) = 0.9%<br />
* Wyeth contributes a large revenue increment to Pfizer<br />
<br><br />
==== 4. Addresses Revenue Loss from Lipitor patent expiry ====<br />
* Lipitor accounted for over 28% of Pfizer's sales in 2008<br />
* Lipitor was going to lose US patent exclusivity in 2011, leading to significant revenue losses<br />
* This acquisition makes up for the revenue loss from the exclusivity of Lipitor<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Legal Issues due to the acquisition ===<br />
The complaint charges that the proposed transaction likely would harm competition in each of the relevant markets by reducing the number of suppliers and leaving veterinarians and other animal health product customers with limited options. Without the competition provided by Pfizer and Wyeth in these markets, customers are more likely to see prices rise, according to the complaint. The complaint further alleges that the entry of new competitors in these markets would not be timely, likely, nor sufficient to offset the loss of competition, and that the transaction would increase the likelihood that Pfizer could act on its own or with other companies to raise prices.<br />
<br><br />
==== Divesture of certain Animal Health Assets of Wyeth to Boehringer Ingelheim ====<br />
<br />
Pfizer divested some of the Fort Dodge Animal Health products it acquired from Wyeth, within 10 days from the acquisition, to Boehringer Ingelheim to settle the anticompetitive effects the Federal Trade Commission believes are likely to result from the transaction in numerous markets for animal health products.<br />
<br />
Due to this transaction, the Federal Trade Commission approved that it would not harm consumers in any prescription drug market where the companies currently overlap, reduce incentives to innovate, create intellectual property barriers, or allow Pfizer to engage in anticompetitive marketing.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2009/10/pfizer.shtm Federal Trade Commission], [http://www.equinechronicle.com/business/new-pfizer-animal-health-is-unveiled-with-acquisition-of-wyeth.html Equinechronicle]<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
= Emerging Trends in Veterinary Vaccines =<br />
# Companion Veterinary Vaccines are trailing on high growth track<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, canine vaccines is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is expected to be the leading segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# Two major segments in focus:<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
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<div></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Veterinary_Vaccines_Market_Report&diff=11050Veterinary Vaccines Market Report2014-06-02T11:52:08Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Indian Veterinary Vaccines Market */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following report studies the Veterinary Vaccines market in detail and analyzes the market information to come up with Future trends and Attractive segments in this market. <br />
<br />
<br />
The following is a snapshot of the complete report:<br />
* The '''Global Veterinary Vaccines market ($4.23 Bn)''' accounted for around 20% of the total Vaccines market ($29.71 Bn) in 2010. It is expected to grow with a '''CAGR of 5.80%''' to reach the market size of '''$5.6 Bn by 2015'''. <br />
* '''United States''' represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. <br />
* '''Porcine vaccines''' is the '''largest sub-segment''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015 whereas '''Canine Vaccines''' is the '''fastest growing segment''' among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%. <br />
* The '''top 3 players''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market are '''Pfizer, Merck and Sanofi-Aventis''', based on the revenues they generated in the Animal Health Segment in 2010. <br />
* The report contains the company profile of 8 major players in this segment, with focus on their Veterinary Vaccines market activities only. <br />
* There have been '''11 Mergers/Acquisitions''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market in the last two years (2009-2011), with Pfizer acquiring Wyeth being the largest aquisition based on the deal size and the value add, it brought to Pfizer in the Veterinary Vaccines market and its portfolio. This acquisition has been analyzed in the market report.<br />
<br />
<br />
Based on the market analysis, R&D trends, future focus areas of the key players and transactional activities in this segment, we conclude the following trends in the Veterinary Vaccines market:<br />
# '''Companion Veterinary Vaccines''' are trailing on '''''high growth track'''''<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, '''canine vaccines''' is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is '''''expected to be the leading segment''''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# '''Two major segments in focus:'''<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# '''Two major areas of focus''' in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
=Introduction=<br />
Vaccination protects hundreds of millions of animals worldwide from disease and possibly death. Animals, just like humans, suffer from a range of infectious diseases. As veterinary medicine has advanced, prevention of disease has become a priority as healthy food comes from healthy animals. One of the best means of preventing disease is by creating immunity in the animal. This is usually achieved by vaccination.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Not all animals need every vaccine. Some, like clostridial disease prevention, are basically routine, just like childhood vaccination programmes. The vaccination programme chosen for farm animals depends on the management system, the location of the farm and the history of the herd or flock (and whether or not a disease is likely to be encountered). Most farm animals are young, and these animals (just like children) are often more susceptible to infection. So, for example, calves often need to be protected by vaccination against respiratory disease. Some of the diseases that can be prevented are shown below.<br />
<br><br />
==Species Diseases Controlled by Vaccines==<br />
# '''Cattle''' - Blackleg, tetanus, <nowiki>’</nowiki>husk<nowiki>’</nowiki> (lungworm disease), rotavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheictis (IBR), respiratory syncytial virus, pasteurellosis, enteritis, leptospirosis, mastitis, ringworm, BVD, PI3, coronavirus, salmonella, E Coli.<br />
# '''Sheep & goats''' - Clostridial diseases (8 different species including tetanus), pasteurellosis, ovine abortion (chlamydiosis and toxoplasmosis), louping ill, contagious pustular dermatitis (orf), footrot<br />
# '''Pigs''' - Erysipelas, parvovirus, colibacillosis, clostridial disease, atrophic rhinitis, enteritis, porcine pneumonia, PRRS<br />
# '''Poultry''' - Avian coccidiosis, avian encephalomyelitis, avian infectious bronchitis, avian infectious bursal disease, avian reovirus, chicken anaemia virus, duck virus enteritis, egg drop syndrome 1976, erysipelas, infectious laryngotracheitis, Marek<nowiki>’</nowiki>s disease, Newcastle disease, pasteurellosis, post-natal colibacillosis, salmonellosis, swollen head syndrome, turkey haemorrhagic enteritis, turkey rhinotracheitis<br />
# '''Fish''' - Enteric redmouth disease, furunculosis, vibriosis (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio viscosus (now named moratella viscosus))<br />
# '''Dogs''' - Distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvovirus, kennel cough (Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus). Also rabies for dogs going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Cats''' - Feline infectious enteritis (or panleucopenia), feline leukaemia, chlamydia, cat <nowiki>’</nowiki>flu<nowiki>’</nowiki> (feline herpes virus and feline calicivirus). Also rabies for cats going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Horses''' - Equine herpes virus 1, influenza, tetanus, viral arteritis. Also rabies (not routinely used in the UK)<br />
# '''Rabbits''' - Myxomatosis, viral haemorrhagic disease<br />
# '''Pigeons''' - Paramyxovirus, pigeon pox<br />
<br />
Sources: National Office of Animal Health [http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/10-vacci.htm 1],[http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/22-vaccfarmanimals.htm 2]<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
=Market Overview=<br />
<br />
The global pharmaceutical industry was $825Bn in 2010, out of which the total Vaccines market accounted for only 3.6% ($29.71 Bn). The vaccines market is classified in two segments: Human Vaccines and Veterinary Vaccines market. The human vaccines market accounts for more than 80% of the total vaccines market, whereas the Veterinary vaccines market accounts for around 20% of the total vaccines market. The focus of this report will be on Veterinary vaccines. <br />
<br><br />
==Market Size of Vaccines==<br />
* The global sales of human and animal vaccines were $22.5 Bn in 2008. In 2010, it has reached approximately $29.71 Bn. The global vaccines market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.91% in 2008-2010.<br />
* The global market for human vaccines in 2008 was $18.7 Bn and, with a continuing increase in the global market, reached $25.48 Bn in 2010. <br />
* The Veterinary vaccines market grew from approximately $3.8 Bn in 2008 to about $4.23 Bn in 2010, an increase of about 5.51%. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Global Vaccines Market Size1.jpg|center|thumb|592px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Indian Veterinary Vaccines Market===<br />
* The Indian veterinary vaccine market has reached $107M in 2011 and is forecast to reach $174M by 2020 with a CAGR of 5%.<br />
* The main players in this sector include Indian Immunologicals, Indovax, Intervet, Biovet, Hester Biosciences, Brilliant Bio Pharma, MSD Animal Health (Merck), Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals.<br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
[[Image:Indian Vaccines Market Size.jpg|center|thumb|592px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Forecast for Vaccines==<br />
* Veterinary Vaccines market is expected to increase at a 5.7% CAGR between 2010 and 2015 to reach $5.6 billion in 2015, driven by a growing number of diseases in animals, technological breakthroughs in biotechnology and growing awareness of animal disease<br />
* Human Vaccines market is expected to grow at a CAGR) of 19.6% to reach $58.6 billion by the end of 2015.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Vaccines Market Size Forecast1.jpg|center|thumb|601px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines Market==<br />
<br />
* United States represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. The growth in the US Veterinary market will slow down in future due to safety concerns, higher market maturity and fewer prospects for mass production and development of new products.<br />
* Europe comes second, with the market share of 33% and the market size of $1.4 Bn in 2010. The European market is mainly driven by the growing demand for livestock. 40% of the revenues in Europe come from France, Germany and United Kingdom, which amounts to $560 Mn <br />
<br />
[[Image:Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccine Market1.jpg|center|thumb|600px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Segments of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
Veterinary Vaccines market is divided into 2 major segments:<br><br />
(i) Livestock Vaccines<br><br />
(ii) Companion Vaccines<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines:''' Mainly consists of Farm animals like Cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, aquaculture and bees<br />
* '''Companion Animals:''' Mainly consist of Dogs, cats and horses<br />
<br><br />
[[Image:Market Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines1.jpg|center|thumb|591px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Among the two segments analyzed, Livestock Vaccines accounts for the larger share of about 59% in 2010. <br />
** Porcine vaccines are the largest sub-segment within Livestock Vaccines. <br />
** The revenues from Porcine Vaccines market have touched $1 Bn in 2010.<br />
<br />
* '''Companion Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Companion Vaccines account for 41% of the Veterinary Vaccines market in 2010. <br />
** Companion Vaccines market is sub-divided into 3 segments, namely, Canine, Feline and Equine. <br />
** Among these segments, Canine and Feline segments are large and account for 95% of the sales in Companion Vaccines. <br />
** Equine vaccines only accounts for 5% of the sales in this segment. <br />
** Canine vaccines are the fastest growing segment within Companion vaccines with the growth potential of more than 5% over the period to 2015.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Analysis of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
The following chart shows the percentage breakup of all the 5 segments in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also shows the market forecast for each of the segments for the years 2010 - 2015. Please click on the required segment in the pie-chart to get the market forecast for that segment in the bar chart.<br />
<br />
'''''Please click on the segments in the pie-chart to get the corresponding segment forecast for 2010-2015'''''<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Market_Segment_Forecast1_01.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* Porcine vaccines is the largest sub-segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015.<br />
* Canine and Feline Vaccine markets are slightly behind the Porcine Vaccines market in terms of market size<br />
* Canine Vaccines is the fastest growing segment among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%<br />
<br><br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
=Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines Market=<br />
This section lists the top players in the Animal Health Segment based on the revenue generated in 2010. It then analyzes the performance of these players in the veterinary vaccines market by looking at the breakup of the revenues generated by them in the vaccines market, current product portfolio in veterinary vaccines, their R&D focus areas in this segment, veterinary vaccines under clinical trial and the benefits from mergers and acquisitions in this market.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Key Players - on Revenue basis ==<br />
Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines market have been determined based on the revenues they made from Animal Health Segment in 2010. The following table lists down the top players in this market along with the revenues generated by them in Animal Health Segment in 2010. All the figures are in Billion $.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Revenues from Animal Health in 2010 ($ Bn)'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.575<br />
|-<br />
|Merck<br />
|align = "center"|2.900<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2.635<br />
|-<br />
|Bayer Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|0.800<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.781<br />
|-<br />
|Novartis<br />
|align = "center"|0.500<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.354<br />
|-<br />
|Heska Corporation<br />
|align = "center"|0.065<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Source: Company Annual Reports<br />
<br />
== Comparative Analysis of Key Players ==<br />
The following interactive chart gives a snapshot of all the activities going on in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It gives the sales breakup for all the segments and sub-segments for all the major players in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also lists down the area of clinical trials and future focus areas of all the major companies in this market.<br />
<br>'''''Please click on the labels to get the corresponding information'''''<br />
<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Comparative_Analysis3_02.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
# Pfizer is the market leader in the Veterinary vaccines market (by revenue) but Merck is the market leader in Livestock Vaccines market and Sanofi-Aventis is leading in the Companion Vaccines market. <br />
# Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacterian and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
Source: Company literature, databases, investment reports, and medical and business journals<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Company Snapshot ==<br />
The following interactive graph compares all the major players in the veterinary vaccines market on various parameters<br />
<br />
# [[Pfizer Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Merck Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Sanofi-Aventis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Bayer Healthcare - Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Virbac]]<br />
# [[Novartis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Heska Corporation]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
= Mergers and Acquisitions =<br />
The following section lists down the major mergers and acquisitions in the veterinary vaccines market and their implications on the veterinary vaccines business of the corresponding companies. It then goes down to analyse one acquisition made in this segment, in detail.<br />
<br><br />
== Major Mergers and Acquisitions ==<br />
The following table lists down all the major mergers and acquisitions that took place in the last 2 years in the Veterinary Vaccines Market and the implications of the same, on the companies involved.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company/Business'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Implications to Veterinary Vaccines business of the Acquiring company/ merged companies'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''% Stake Purchased'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration ($ Mn)'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Source'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|29-Dec-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corp<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corporation is a leader in the development, manufacture and marketing of immunodiagnostic tests for companion and food production animals.<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health<nowiki>’</nowiki>s global reach, commercial operations, and expertise in regulatory and marketing functions will expand customer access to such leading products as WITNESS® and ASSURE® for companion animals, the SERELISA® franchise for livestock animals, and PROFLOK for poultry into new markets, especially in emerging markets for Synbiotics Corp. <br><br>Marrying Synbiotics<nowiki>’</nowiki> R&D expertise in diagnostics with the strength of Pfizer veterinary R&D also is expected to help accelerate our diagnostic development program.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|735<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://animalhealth.pfizer.com/sites/pahweb/PressReleases/Pages/Pfizer%20Animal%20Health%20To%20Acquire%20Synbiotics%20Corporation,%20Entering%20Diagnostics%20Sector.aspx Pfizer Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|14-Dec-10<br />
|Novartis<br />
|Chiron Behring Vaccines<br />
|USA<br />
|Chiron Behring is a joint venture of Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc. and Aventis Pharma. Novartis and Aventis are currently fighting a couple of cases on the largest selling rabies vaccine brand, Rabipur, after the brand went to Novartis in 2009.<br><br>Rabipur was the largest selling rabies vaccine brand in India sold by Aventis for the last one decade. With this transaction, this dispute will be mutually settled.<br><br>Rabipur, the top selling rabies vaccine, with an almost 60% vaccine share was contributing atleast 10% to Aventis Pharma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s total revenue till it went to Novartis<br />
|49<br />
|22.3<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.livemint.com/2010/12/14004955/Novartis-to-acquire-49-stake.html Livemint]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11-Oct-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|King Pharmaceuticals Inc<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The transaction will further expand Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s business profile, including animal health business that will offer a variety of feed additive products for a wide range of species because of the acquisition<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3600<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-12/pfizer-agrees-to-purchase-king-pharmaceuticals-for-3-6-billion-in-cash.html Bloomberg]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|24-May-10<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Microtek International Inc<br />
|Canada<br />
|Microtek International, Inc. is a recognized innovator in aquaculture vaccines, R&D and healthcare diagnostic services. <br><br>The acquisition further expands Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s commitment to a safe food supply from healthy beef and dairy cattle, swine, poultry and fish.<br><br>Microtek not only brings to Pfizer Animal Health industry-leading vaccines and technology, but also complements Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s portfolio of health services and diagnostics for food animal production<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pfizer-animal-health-expands-global-commitment-to-a-safe-food-supply-with-a-new-focus-on-healthy-fish-94817064.html PRNewsWire]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5-Mar-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Santa Elena laboratory<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Uruguay<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac wanted to establish a strategic alliance in the area of vaccines designed for food producing animals. <br><br>This laboratory specializes in biotechnological products of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation for the manufacturing of bacterian vaccines (inactivated and modified),and a wide range of stable cell lines for the production of virus vaccines, inactivated or lessened. <br><br>With this alliance, Santa Elena will be able to use the solid commercial platform brought by Virbac and introduce its vaccines range in many markets abroad. <br><br>Virbac on its side will benefit from Santa Elena<nowiki>’</nowiki>s skills and know-how in biology to help building up a development and manufacturing base for food-producing animals vaccines, allowing Virbac<nowiki>’</nowiki>s entry into this market segment.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1836576 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|12-Jan-10<br />
|Virbac<br />
|Veterinary Assets from Pfizer Inc.<br />
|Australia<br />
|Virbac SA will acquire rights to a portfolio of livestock products historically marketed in Australia by Fort Dodge Animal Health for use in farm animals, primarily cattle and sheep. <br><br>The portfolio includes parasiticides (80% of sales) and vaccines (20%) that achieved net sales of approximately AUD 36 million in 2009. <br><br>This new portfolio will perfectly fit and complement the current range of products that Virbac Australia is bringing to its customers.<br />
|100<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1795141 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2-Nov-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Schering-Plough<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|This will double the number of drugs in late stages of development for Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merger (Merck shareholders would own 68% of the combined company)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|41,000<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123659326420569463.html Wall Street Journal]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Wyeth<br />
|USA<br />
|Wyeth acquisition will diversify Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s pipeline, particularly in vaccines and in biologics<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health will now offer an enhanced portfolio in beef, dairy, and companion animals, as well as a redefined product line for swine, equine and poultry<br />
|100<br />
|68,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/26/us-wyeth-pfizer-idUSTRE50M1AQ20090126?feedType=RSS Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|21-Sep-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s certain assets of Wyeth Pharmaceutical<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Fort Dodge Animal Health business<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Several Countries<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The deal significantly increases the size of Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s companion animal and cattle portfolios.<br><br>Boehringer Ingelheim will acquire the Duramune® line of vaccines for dogs, the Fel-O-Vax® line of vaccines for cats, and the Rabvac® line of rabies vaccines manufactured and sold in the U.S., Canada and Australia. <br><br>In addition, a portfolio of pet and equine pharmaceutical products currently sold in the U.S. is also included in the deal. <br><br>The company will also acquire cattle vaccines in the U.S. and Canada including the Triangle®, Pyramid, and Presponse® vaccine lines. Pharmaceutical products being acquired include Cydectin® (moxidectin) for cattle and sheep as well as Polyflex® (ampicillin sodium). <br><br>The dairy portfolio includes the key brands Today® and Tomorrow®. Several Canadian swine vaccines are included in the acquisition as are some cattle vaccines sold in Europe and South Africa.<br><br>It will build more capabilities in the core vaccine segment and expand Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s already strong product lines<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.americancattlemen.com/articles/boehringer-ingelheim-cattle-health Americancattlemen]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|17-Sep-09<br />
|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|Merial Ltd (50% stake from Merck)<br />
|USA<br />
|Merial makes pet medicines like flea-and-tick blocker, Frontline and chewable heartworm preventer Heartgard, plus Ivomec, a parasite killer in cattle.<br />
|100<br />
|4,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.merck.com/newsroom/news-release-archive/corporate/2009_0918.html Merck Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7-Jun-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|RFCL-Vetnex Animal Health Unit<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|India<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vetnex is a market leader in poultry, livestock and pet healthcare and is one of the top three players in the Indian animal healthcare market.<br><br>Opportunity to enter India market<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|75<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-06-09/news/28467472_1_rfcl-animal-healthcare-pfizer-animal-health Economic Times]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Analysis of Pfizer's Acquisition of Wyeth==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="30%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|Pfizer<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company'''</font><br />
|Wyeth<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|USA<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration'''</font><br />
|$68 Bn<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Post the acquisition, Pfizer Animal Health is now the world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s leader in the discovery, development, manufacture and sales of veterinary vaccines and medicines for livestock and companion animals.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Relevance to Pfizer Animal Health Business ===<br />
Fort Dodge Animal Health is one of the divisions of Wyeth, which is a leader in the manufacturing of prescription and over-the-counter vaccines and pharmaceuticals for veterinary medicine as well as livestock.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reasons for the acquisition ===<br />
==== 1. Diversified its U.S. portfolio ====<br />
<br />
The following products have been added to Pfizer Animal Health portfolio post acquisition:<br />
* Beef and dairy animal health portfolio - FACTREL®, SYNOVEX®<br />
* Swine market portfolio - SUVAXYN®, SUVAXYN PCV-2<br />
* Poultry Health Portfolio - POULVAC®, MATERNAVAC® IBD-Reo<br />
* Equine health portfolio - WEST NILE INNOVATOR ®, FLU VAC INNOVATOR ®, QUEST®, QUEST PLUS® <br />
* Canine portfolio - LYMEVAX®<br />
<br />
<br><br />
==== 2. Foray into new business areas ====<br />
* Wyeth has expanded Pfizer's presence in animal health<br />
* Augments in-line and pipeline portfolio in “invest to win” disease areas<br />
* Enhances the scientific, manufacturing and pharmaceutical science capabilities of Pfizer<br />
* Provides the best opportunities for world class, high performing talent in the industry<br />
<br><br />
==== 3. Strengthens Platforms for Improved, Consistent and Stable Earnings Growth ====<br />
* Pfizer’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= -5.3%<br />
* Wyeth’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= 4.3%<br />
* Combined Pfizer-Wyeth CAGR (2008-13) = 0.9%<br />
* Wyeth contributes a large revenue increment to Pfizer<br />
<br><br />
==== 4. Addresses Revenue Loss from Lipitor patent expiry ====<br />
* Lipitor accounted for over 28% of Pfizer's sales in 2008<br />
* Lipitor was going to lose US patent exclusivity in 2011, leading to significant revenue losses<br />
* This acquisition makes up for the revenue loss from the exclusivity of Lipitor<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Legal Issues due to the acquisition ===<br />
The complaint charges that the proposed transaction likely would harm competition in each of the relevant markets by reducing the number of suppliers and leaving veterinarians and other animal health product customers with limited options. Without the competition provided by Pfizer and Wyeth in these markets, customers are more likely to see prices rise, according to the complaint. The complaint further alleges that the entry of new competitors in these markets would not be timely, likely, nor sufficient to offset the loss of competition, and that the transaction would increase the likelihood that Pfizer could act on its own or with other companies to raise prices.<br />
<br><br />
==== Divesture of certain Animal Health Assets of Wyeth to Boehringer Ingelheim ====<br />
<br />
Pfizer divested some of the Fort Dodge Animal Health products it acquired from Wyeth, within 10 days from the acquisition, to Boehringer Ingelheim to settle the anticompetitive effects the Federal Trade Commission believes are likely to result from the transaction in numerous markets for animal health products.<br />
<br />
Due to this transaction, the Federal Trade Commission approved that it would not harm consumers in any prescription drug market where the companies currently overlap, reduce incentives to innovate, create intellectual property barriers, or allow Pfizer to engage in anticompetitive marketing.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2009/10/pfizer.shtm Federal Trade Commission], [http://www.equinechronicle.com/business/new-pfizer-animal-health-is-unveiled-with-acquisition-of-wyeth.html Equinechronicle]<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
= Emerging Trends in Veterinary Vaccines =<br />
# Companion Veterinary Vaccines are trailing on high growth track<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, canine vaccines is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is expected to be the leading segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# Two major segments in focus:<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
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|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Veterinary_Vaccines_Market_Report&diff=11049Veterinary Vaccines Market Report2014-06-02T11:51:51Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Market Size of Vaccines */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following report studies the Veterinary Vaccines market in detail and analyzes the market information to come up with Future trends and Attractive segments in this market. <br />
<br />
<br />
The following is a snapshot of the complete report:<br />
* The '''Global Veterinary Vaccines market ($4.23 Bn)''' accounted for around 20% of the total Vaccines market ($29.71 Bn) in 2010. It is expected to grow with a '''CAGR of 5.80%''' to reach the market size of '''$5.6 Bn by 2015'''. <br />
* '''United States''' represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. <br />
* '''Porcine vaccines''' is the '''largest sub-segment''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015 whereas '''Canine Vaccines''' is the '''fastest growing segment''' among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%. <br />
* The '''top 3 players''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market are '''Pfizer, Merck and Sanofi-Aventis''', based on the revenues they generated in the Animal Health Segment in 2010. <br />
* The report contains the company profile of 8 major players in this segment, with focus on their Veterinary Vaccines market activities only. <br />
* There have been '''11 Mergers/Acquisitions''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market in the last two years (2009-2011), with Pfizer acquiring Wyeth being the largest aquisition based on the deal size and the value add, it brought to Pfizer in the Veterinary Vaccines market and its portfolio. This acquisition has been analyzed in the market report.<br />
<br />
<br />
Based on the market analysis, R&D trends, future focus areas of the key players and transactional activities in this segment, we conclude the following trends in the Veterinary Vaccines market:<br />
# '''Companion Veterinary Vaccines''' are trailing on '''''high growth track'''''<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, '''canine vaccines''' is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is '''''expected to be the leading segment''''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# '''Two major segments in focus:'''<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# '''Two major areas of focus''' in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
=Introduction=<br />
Vaccination protects hundreds of millions of animals worldwide from disease and possibly death. Animals, just like humans, suffer from a range of infectious diseases. As veterinary medicine has advanced, prevention of disease has become a priority as healthy food comes from healthy animals. One of the best means of preventing disease is by creating immunity in the animal. This is usually achieved by vaccination.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Not all animals need every vaccine. Some, like clostridial disease prevention, are basically routine, just like childhood vaccination programmes. The vaccination programme chosen for farm animals depends on the management system, the location of the farm and the history of the herd or flock (and whether or not a disease is likely to be encountered). Most farm animals are young, and these animals (just like children) are often more susceptible to infection. So, for example, calves often need to be protected by vaccination against respiratory disease. Some of the diseases that can be prevented are shown below.<br />
<br><br />
==Species Diseases Controlled by Vaccines==<br />
# '''Cattle''' - Blackleg, tetanus, <nowiki>’</nowiki>husk<nowiki>’</nowiki> (lungworm disease), rotavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheictis (IBR), respiratory syncytial virus, pasteurellosis, enteritis, leptospirosis, mastitis, ringworm, BVD, PI3, coronavirus, salmonella, E Coli.<br />
# '''Sheep & goats''' - Clostridial diseases (8 different species including tetanus), pasteurellosis, ovine abortion (chlamydiosis and toxoplasmosis), louping ill, contagious pustular dermatitis (orf), footrot<br />
# '''Pigs''' - Erysipelas, parvovirus, colibacillosis, clostridial disease, atrophic rhinitis, enteritis, porcine pneumonia, PRRS<br />
# '''Poultry''' - Avian coccidiosis, avian encephalomyelitis, avian infectious bronchitis, avian infectious bursal disease, avian reovirus, chicken anaemia virus, duck virus enteritis, egg drop syndrome 1976, erysipelas, infectious laryngotracheitis, Marek<nowiki>’</nowiki>s disease, Newcastle disease, pasteurellosis, post-natal colibacillosis, salmonellosis, swollen head syndrome, turkey haemorrhagic enteritis, turkey rhinotracheitis<br />
# '''Fish''' - Enteric redmouth disease, furunculosis, vibriosis (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio viscosus (now named moratella viscosus))<br />
# '''Dogs''' - Distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvovirus, kennel cough (Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus). Also rabies for dogs going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Cats''' - Feline infectious enteritis (or panleucopenia), feline leukaemia, chlamydia, cat <nowiki>’</nowiki>flu<nowiki>’</nowiki> (feline herpes virus and feline calicivirus). Also rabies for cats going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Horses''' - Equine herpes virus 1, influenza, tetanus, viral arteritis. Also rabies (not routinely used in the UK)<br />
# '''Rabbits''' - Myxomatosis, viral haemorrhagic disease<br />
# '''Pigeons''' - Paramyxovirus, pigeon pox<br />
<br />
Sources: National Office of Animal Health [http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/10-vacci.htm 1],[http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/22-vaccfarmanimals.htm 2]<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
=Market Overview=<br />
<br />
The global pharmaceutical industry was $825Bn in 2010, out of which the total Vaccines market accounted for only 3.6% ($29.71 Bn). The vaccines market is classified in two segments: Human Vaccines and Veterinary Vaccines market. The human vaccines market accounts for more than 80% of the total vaccines market, whereas the Veterinary vaccines market accounts for around 20% of the total vaccines market. The focus of this report will be on Veterinary vaccines. <br />
<br><br />
==Market Size of Vaccines==<br />
* The global sales of human and animal vaccines were $22.5 Bn in 2008. In 2010, it has reached approximately $29.71 Bn. The global vaccines market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.91% in 2008-2010.<br />
* The global market for human vaccines in 2008 was $18.7 Bn and, with a continuing increase in the global market, reached $25.48 Bn in 2010. <br />
* The Veterinary vaccines market grew from approximately $3.8 Bn in 2008 to about $4.23 Bn in 2010, an increase of about 5.51%. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Global Vaccines Market Size1.jpg|center|thumb|592px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Indian Veterinary Vaccines Market===<br />
* The Indian veterinary vaccine market has reached $107M in 2011 and is forecast to reach $174M by 2020 with a CAGR of 5%.<br />
* The main players in this sector include Indian Immunologicals, Indovax, Intervet, Biovet, Hester Biosciences, Brilliant Bio Pharma, MSD Animal Health (Merck), Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals.<br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
[[Image:Indian Vaccines Market Size1.jpg|center|thumb|592px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Forecast for Vaccines==<br />
* Veterinary Vaccines market is expected to increase at a 5.7% CAGR between 2010 and 2015 to reach $5.6 billion in 2015, driven by a growing number of diseases in animals, technological breakthroughs in biotechnology and growing awareness of animal disease<br />
* Human Vaccines market is expected to grow at a CAGR) of 19.6% to reach $58.6 billion by the end of 2015.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Vaccines Market Size Forecast1.jpg|center|thumb|601px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines Market==<br />
<br />
* United States represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. The growth in the US Veterinary market will slow down in future due to safety concerns, higher market maturity and fewer prospects for mass production and development of new products.<br />
* Europe comes second, with the market share of 33% and the market size of $1.4 Bn in 2010. The European market is mainly driven by the growing demand for livestock. 40% of the revenues in Europe come from France, Germany and United Kingdom, which amounts to $560 Mn <br />
<br />
[[Image:Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccine Market1.jpg|center|thumb|600px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Segments of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
Veterinary Vaccines market is divided into 2 major segments:<br><br />
(i) Livestock Vaccines<br><br />
(ii) Companion Vaccines<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines:''' Mainly consists of Farm animals like Cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, aquaculture and bees<br />
* '''Companion Animals:''' Mainly consist of Dogs, cats and horses<br />
<br><br />
[[Image:Market Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines1.jpg|center|thumb|591px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Among the two segments analyzed, Livestock Vaccines accounts for the larger share of about 59% in 2010. <br />
** Porcine vaccines are the largest sub-segment within Livestock Vaccines. <br />
** The revenues from Porcine Vaccines market have touched $1 Bn in 2010.<br />
<br />
* '''Companion Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Companion Vaccines account for 41% of the Veterinary Vaccines market in 2010. <br />
** Companion Vaccines market is sub-divided into 3 segments, namely, Canine, Feline and Equine. <br />
** Among these segments, Canine and Feline segments are large and account for 95% of the sales in Companion Vaccines. <br />
** Equine vaccines only accounts for 5% of the sales in this segment. <br />
** Canine vaccines are the fastest growing segment within Companion vaccines with the growth potential of more than 5% over the period to 2015.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Analysis of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
The following chart shows the percentage breakup of all the 5 segments in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also shows the market forecast for each of the segments for the years 2010 - 2015. Please click on the required segment in the pie-chart to get the market forecast for that segment in the bar chart.<br />
<br />
'''''Please click on the segments in the pie-chart to get the corresponding segment forecast for 2010-2015'''''<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Market_Segment_Forecast1_01.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* Porcine vaccines is the largest sub-segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015.<br />
* Canine and Feline Vaccine markets are slightly behind the Porcine Vaccines market in terms of market size<br />
* Canine Vaccines is the fastest growing segment among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%<br />
<br><br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
=Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines Market=<br />
This section lists the top players in the Animal Health Segment based on the revenue generated in 2010. It then analyzes the performance of these players in the veterinary vaccines market by looking at the breakup of the revenues generated by them in the vaccines market, current product portfolio in veterinary vaccines, their R&D focus areas in this segment, veterinary vaccines under clinical trial and the benefits from mergers and acquisitions in this market.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Key Players - on Revenue basis ==<br />
Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines market have been determined based on the revenues they made from Animal Health Segment in 2010. The following table lists down the top players in this market along with the revenues generated by them in Animal Health Segment in 2010. All the figures are in Billion $.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Revenues from Animal Health in 2010 ($ Bn)'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.575<br />
|-<br />
|Merck<br />
|align = "center"|2.900<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2.635<br />
|-<br />
|Bayer Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|0.800<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.781<br />
|-<br />
|Novartis<br />
|align = "center"|0.500<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.354<br />
|-<br />
|Heska Corporation<br />
|align = "center"|0.065<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Source: Company Annual Reports<br />
<br />
== Comparative Analysis of Key Players ==<br />
The following interactive chart gives a snapshot of all the activities going on in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It gives the sales breakup for all the segments and sub-segments for all the major players in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also lists down the area of clinical trials and future focus areas of all the major companies in this market.<br />
<br>'''''Please click on the labels to get the corresponding information'''''<br />
<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Comparative_Analysis3_02.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
# Pfizer is the market leader in the Veterinary vaccines market (by revenue) but Merck is the market leader in Livestock Vaccines market and Sanofi-Aventis is leading in the Companion Vaccines market. <br />
# Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacterian and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
Source: Company literature, databases, investment reports, and medical and business journals<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Company Snapshot ==<br />
The following interactive graph compares all the major players in the veterinary vaccines market on various parameters<br />
<br />
# [[Pfizer Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Merck Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Sanofi-Aventis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Bayer Healthcare - Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Virbac]]<br />
# [[Novartis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Heska Corporation]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
= Mergers and Acquisitions =<br />
The following section lists down the major mergers and acquisitions in the veterinary vaccines market and their implications on the veterinary vaccines business of the corresponding companies. It then goes down to analyse one acquisition made in this segment, in detail.<br />
<br><br />
== Major Mergers and Acquisitions ==<br />
The following table lists down all the major mergers and acquisitions that took place in the last 2 years in the Veterinary Vaccines Market and the implications of the same, on the companies involved.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company/Business'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Implications to Veterinary Vaccines business of the Acquiring company/ merged companies'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''% Stake Purchased'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration ($ Mn)'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Source'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|29-Dec-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corp<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corporation is a leader in the development, manufacture and marketing of immunodiagnostic tests for companion and food production animals.<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health<nowiki>’</nowiki>s global reach, commercial operations, and expertise in regulatory and marketing functions will expand customer access to such leading products as WITNESS® and ASSURE® for companion animals, the SERELISA® franchise for livestock animals, and PROFLOK for poultry into new markets, especially in emerging markets for Synbiotics Corp. <br><br>Marrying Synbiotics<nowiki>’</nowiki> R&D expertise in diagnostics with the strength of Pfizer veterinary R&D also is expected to help accelerate our diagnostic development program.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|735<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://animalhealth.pfizer.com/sites/pahweb/PressReleases/Pages/Pfizer%20Animal%20Health%20To%20Acquire%20Synbiotics%20Corporation,%20Entering%20Diagnostics%20Sector.aspx Pfizer Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|14-Dec-10<br />
|Novartis<br />
|Chiron Behring Vaccines<br />
|USA<br />
|Chiron Behring is a joint venture of Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc. and Aventis Pharma. Novartis and Aventis are currently fighting a couple of cases on the largest selling rabies vaccine brand, Rabipur, after the brand went to Novartis in 2009.<br><br>Rabipur was the largest selling rabies vaccine brand in India sold by Aventis for the last one decade. With this transaction, this dispute will be mutually settled.<br><br>Rabipur, the top selling rabies vaccine, with an almost 60% vaccine share was contributing atleast 10% to Aventis Pharma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s total revenue till it went to Novartis<br />
|49<br />
|22.3<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.livemint.com/2010/12/14004955/Novartis-to-acquire-49-stake.html Livemint]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11-Oct-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|King Pharmaceuticals Inc<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The transaction will further expand Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s business profile, including animal health business that will offer a variety of feed additive products for a wide range of species because of the acquisition<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3600<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-12/pfizer-agrees-to-purchase-king-pharmaceuticals-for-3-6-billion-in-cash.html Bloomberg]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|24-May-10<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Microtek International Inc<br />
|Canada<br />
|Microtek International, Inc. is a recognized innovator in aquaculture vaccines, R&D and healthcare diagnostic services. <br><br>The acquisition further expands Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s commitment to a safe food supply from healthy beef and dairy cattle, swine, poultry and fish.<br><br>Microtek not only brings to Pfizer Animal Health industry-leading vaccines and technology, but also complements Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s portfolio of health services and diagnostics for food animal production<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pfizer-animal-health-expands-global-commitment-to-a-safe-food-supply-with-a-new-focus-on-healthy-fish-94817064.html PRNewsWire]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5-Mar-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Santa Elena laboratory<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Uruguay<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac wanted to establish a strategic alliance in the area of vaccines designed for food producing animals. <br><br>This laboratory specializes in biotechnological products of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation for the manufacturing of bacterian vaccines (inactivated and modified),and a wide range of stable cell lines for the production of virus vaccines, inactivated or lessened. <br><br>With this alliance, Santa Elena will be able to use the solid commercial platform brought by Virbac and introduce its vaccines range in many markets abroad. <br><br>Virbac on its side will benefit from Santa Elena<nowiki>’</nowiki>s skills and know-how in biology to help building up a development and manufacturing base for food-producing animals vaccines, allowing Virbac<nowiki>’</nowiki>s entry into this market segment.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1836576 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|12-Jan-10<br />
|Virbac<br />
|Veterinary Assets from Pfizer Inc.<br />
|Australia<br />
|Virbac SA will acquire rights to a portfolio of livestock products historically marketed in Australia by Fort Dodge Animal Health for use in farm animals, primarily cattle and sheep. <br><br>The portfolio includes parasiticides (80% of sales) and vaccines (20%) that achieved net sales of approximately AUD 36 million in 2009. <br><br>This new portfolio will perfectly fit and complement the current range of products that Virbac Australia is bringing to its customers.<br />
|100<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1795141 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2-Nov-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Schering-Plough<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|This will double the number of drugs in late stages of development for Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merger (Merck shareholders would own 68% of the combined company)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|41,000<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123659326420569463.html Wall Street Journal]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Wyeth<br />
|USA<br />
|Wyeth acquisition will diversify Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s pipeline, particularly in vaccines and in biologics<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health will now offer an enhanced portfolio in beef, dairy, and companion animals, as well as a redefined product line for swine, equine and poultry<br />
|100<br />
|68,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/26/us-wyeth-pfizer-idUSTRE50M1AQ20090126?feedType=RSS Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|21-Sep-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s certain assets of Wyeth Pharmaceutical<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Fort Dodge Animal Health business<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Several Countries<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The deal significantly increases the size of Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s companion animal and cattle portfolios.<br><br>Boehringer Ingelheim will acquire the Duramune® line of vaccines for dogs, the Fel-O-Vax® line of vaccines for cats, and the Rabvac® line of rabies vaccines manufactured and sold in the U.S., Canada and Australia. <br><br>In addition, a portfolio of pet and equine pharmaceutical products currently sold in the U.S. is also included in the deal. <br><br>The company will also acquire cattle vaccines in the U.S. and Canada including the Triangle®, Pyramid, and Presponse® vaccine lines. Pharmaceutical products being acquired include Cydectin® (moxidectin) for cattle and sheep as well as Polyflex® (ampicillin sodium). <br><br>The dairy portfolio includes the key brands Today® and Tomorrow®. Several Canadian swine vaccines are included in the acquisition as are some cattle vaccines sold in Europe and South Africa.<br><br>It will build more capabilities in the core vaccine segment and expand Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s already strong product lines<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.americancattlemen.com/articles/boehringer-ingelheim-cattle-health Americancattlemen]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|17-Sep-09<br />
|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|Merial Ltd (50% stake from Merck)<br />
|USA<br />
|Merial makes pet medicines like flea-and-tick blocker, Frontline and chewable heartworm preventer Heartgard, plus Ivomec, a parasite killer in cattle.<br />
|100<br />
|4,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.merck.com/newsroom/news-release-archive/corporate/2009_0918.html Merck Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7-Jun-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|RFCL-Vetnex Animal Health Unit<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|India<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vetnex is a market leader in poultry, livestock and pet healthcare and is one of the top three players in the Indian animal healthcare market.<br><br>Opportunity to enter India market<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|75<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-06-09/news/28467472_1_rfcl-animal-healthcare-pfizer-animal-health Economic Times]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Analysis of Pfizer's Acquisition of Wyeth==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="30%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|Pfizer<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company'''</font><br />
|Wyeth<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|USA<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration'''</font><br />
|$68 Bn<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Post the acquisition, Pfizer Animal Health is now the world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s leader in the discovery, development, manufacture and sales of veterinary vaccines and medicines for livestock and companion animals.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Relevance to Pfizer Animal Health Business ===<br />
Fort Dodge Animal Health is one of the divisions of Wyeth, which is a leader in the manufacturing of prescription and over-the-counter vaccines and pharmaceuticals for veterinary medicine as well as livestock.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reasons for the acquisition ===<br />
==== 1. Diversified its U.S. portfolio ====<br />
<br />
The following products have been added to Pfizer Animal Health portfolio post acquisition:<br />
* Beef and dairy animal health portfolio - FACTREL®, SYNOVEX®<br />
* Swine market portfolio - SUVAXYN®, SUVAXYN PCV-2<br />
* Poultry Health Portfolio - POULVAC®, MATERNAVAC® IBD-Reo<br />
* Equine health portfolio - WEST NILE INNOVATOR ®, FLU VAC INNOVATOR ®, QUEST®, QUEST PLUS® <br />
* Canine portfolio - LYMEVAX®<br />
<br />
<br><br />
==== 2. Foray into new business areas ====<br />
* Wyeth has expanded Pfizer's presence in animal health<br />
* Augments in-line and pipeline portfolio in “invest to win” disease areas<br />
* Enhances the scientific, manufacturing and pharmaceutical science capabilities of Pfizer<br />
* Provides the best opportunities for world class, high performing talent in the industry<br />
<br><br />
==== 3. Strengthens Platforms for Improved, Consistent and Stable Earnings Growth ====<br />
* Pfizer’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= -5.3%<br />
* Wyeth’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= 4.3%<br />
* Combined Pfizer-Wyeth CAGR (2008-13) = 0.9%<br />
* Wyeth contributes a large revenue increment to Pfizer<br />
<br><br />
==== 4. Addresses Revenue Loss from Lipitor patent expiry ====<br />
* Lipitor accounted for over 28% of Pfizer's sales in 2008<br />
* Lipitor was going to lose US patent exclusivity in 2011, leading to significant revenue losses<br />
* This acquisition makes up for the revenue loss from the exclusivity of Lipitor<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Legal Issues due to the acquisition ===<br />
The complaint charges that the proposed transaction likely would harm competition in each of the relevant markets by reducing the number of suppliers and leaving veterinarians and other animal health product customers with limited options. Without the competition provided by Pfizer and Wyeth in these markets, customers are more likely to see prices rise, according to the complaint. The complaint further alleges that the entry of new competitors in these markets would not be timely, likely, nor sufficient to offset the loss of competition, and that the transaction would increase the likelihood that Pfizer could act on its own or with other companies to raise prices.<br />
<br><br />
==== Divesture of certain Animal Health Assets of Wyeth to Boehringer Ingelheim ====<br />
<br />
Pfizer divested some of the Fort Dodge Animal Health products it acquired from Wyeth, within 10 days from the acquisition, to Boehringer Ingelheim to settle the anticompetitive effects the Federal Trade Commission believes are likely to result from the transaction in numerous markets for animal health products.<br />
<br />
Due to this transaction, the Federal Trade Commission approved that it would not harm consumers in any prescription drug market where the companies currently overlap, reduce incentives to innovate, create intellectual property barriers, or allow Pfizer to engage in anticompetitive marketing.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2009/10/pfizer.shtm Federal Trade Commission], [http://www.equinechronicle.com/business/new-pfizer-animal-health-is-unveiled-with-acquisition-of-wyeth.html Equinechronicle]<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
= Emerging Trends in Veterinary Vaccines =<br />
# Companion Veterinary Vaccines are trailing on high growth track<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, canine vaccines is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is expected to be the leading segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# Two major segments in focus:<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
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|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Veterinary_Vaccines_Market_Report&diff=11048Veterinary Vaccines Market Report2014-06-02T11:44:29Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Indian Veterinary Vaccines Market */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following report studies the Veterinary Vaccines market in detail and analyzes the market information to come up with Future trends and Attractive segments in this market. <br />
<br />
<br />
The following is a snapshot of the complete report:<br />
* The '''Global Veterinary Vaccines market ($4.23 Bn)''' accounted for around 20% of the total Vaccines market ($29.71 Bn) in 2010. It is expected to grow with a '''CAGR of 5.80%''' to reach the market size of '''$5.6 Bn by 2015'''. <br />
* '''United States''' represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. <br />
* '''Porcine vaccines''' is the '''largest sub-segment''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015 whereas '''Canine Vaccines''' is the '''fastest growing segment''' among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%. <br />
* The '''top 3 players''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market are '''Pfizer, Merck and Sanofi-Aventis''', based on the revenues they generated in the Animal Health Segment in 2010. <br />
* The report contains the company profile of 8 major players in this segment, with focus on their Veterinary Vaccines market activities only. <br />
* There have been '''11 Mergers/Acquisitions''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market in the last two years (2009-2011), with Pfizer acquiring Wyeth being the largest aquisition based on the deal size and the value add, it brought to Pfizer in the Veterinary Vaccines market and its portfolio. This acquisition has been analyzed in the market report.<br />
<br />
<br />
Based on the market analysis, R&D trends, future focus areas of the key players and transactional activities in this segment, we conclude the following trends in the Veterinary Vaccines market:<br />
# '''Companion Veterinary Vaccines''' are trailing on '''''high growth track'''''<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, '''canine vaccines''' is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is '''''expected to be the leading segment''''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# '''Two major segments in focus:'''<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# '''Two major areas of focus''' in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
=Introduction=<br />
Vaccination protects hundreds of millions of animals worldwide from disease and possibly death. Animals, just like humans, suffer from a range of infectious diseases. As veterinary medicine has advanced, prevention of disease has become a priority as healthy food comes from healthy animals. One of the best means of preventing disease is by creating immunity in the animal. This is usually achieved by vaccination.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Not all animals need every vaccine. Some, like clostridial disease prevention, are basically routine, just like childhood vaccination programmes. The vaccination programme chosen for farm animals depends on the management system, the location of the farm and the history of the herd or flock (and whether or not a disease is likely to be encountered). Most farm animals are young, and these animals (just like children) are often more susceptible to infection. So, for example, calves often need to be protected by vaccination against respiratory disease. Some of the diseases that can be prevented are shown below.<br />
<br><br />
==Species Diseases Controlled by Vaccines==<br />
# '''Cattle''' - Blackleg, tetanus, <nowiki>’</nowiki>husk<nowiki>’</nowiki> (lungworm disease), rotavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheictis (IBR), respiratory syncytial virus, pasteurellosis, enteritis, leptospirosis, mastitis, ringworm, BVD, PI3, coronavirus, salmonella, E Coli.<br />
# '''Sheep & goats''' - Clostridial diseases (8 different species including tetanus), pasteurellosis, ovine abortion (chlamydiosis and toxoplasmosis), louping ill, contagious pustular dermatitis (orf), footrot<br />
# '''Pigs''' - Erysipelas, parvovirus, colibacillosis, clostridial disease, atrophic rhinitis, enteritis, porcine pneumonia, PRRS<br />
# '''Poultry''' - Avian coccidiosis, avian encephalomyelitis, avian infectious bronchitis, avian infectious bursal disease, avian reovirus, chicken anaemia virus, duck virus enteritis, egg drop syndrome 1976, erysipelas, infectious laryngotracheitis, Marek<nowiki>’</nowiki>s disease, Newcastle disease, pasteurellosis, post-natal colibacillosis, salmonellosis, swollen head syndrome, turkey haemorrhagic enteritis, turkey rhinotracheitis<br />
# '''Fish''' - Enteric redmouth disease, furunculosis, vibriosis (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio viscosus (now named moratella viscosus))<br />
# '''Dogs''' - Distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvovirus, kennel cough (Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus). Also rabies for dogs going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Cats''' - Feline infectious enteritis (or panleucopenia), feline leukaemia, chlamydia, cat <nowiki>’</nowiki>flu<nowiki>’</nowiki> (feline herpes virus and feline calicivirus). Also rabies for cats going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Horses''' - Equine herpes virus 1, influenza, tetanus, viral arteritis. Also rabies (not routinely used in the UK)<br />
# '''Rabbits''' - Myxomatosis, viral haemorrhagic disease<br />
# '''Pigeons''' - Paramyxovirus, pigeon pox<br />
<br />
Sources: National Office of Animal Health [http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/10-vacci.htm 1],[http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/22-vaccfarmanimals.htm 2]<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
=Market Overview=<br />
<br />
The global pharmaceutical industry was $825Bn in 2010, out of which the total Vaccines market accounted for only 3.6% ($29.71 Bn). The vaccines market is classified in two segments: Human Vaccines and Veterinary Vaccines market. The human vaccines market accounts for more than 80% of the total vaccines market, whereas the Veterinary vaccines market accounts for around 20% of the total vaccines market. The focus of this report will be on Veterinary vaccines. <br />
<br><br />
==Market Size of Vaccines==<br />
* The global sales of human and animal vaccines were $22.5 Bn in 2008. In 2010, it has reached approximately $29.71 Bn. The global vaccines market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.91% in 2008-2010.<br />
* The global market for human vaccines in 2008 was $18.7 Bn and, with a continuing increase in the global market, reached $25.48 Bn in 2010. <br />
* The Veterinary vaccines market grew from approximately $3.8 Bn in 2008 to about $4.23 Bn in 2010, an increase of about 5.51%. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Global Vaccines Market Size1.jpg|center|thumb|592px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Indian Veterinary Vaccines Market===<br />
* The Indian veterinary vaccine market has reached $107M in 2011 and is forecast to reach $174M by 2020 with a CAGR of 5%.<br />
* The main players in this sector include Indian Immunologicals, Indovax, Intervet, Biovet, Hester Biosciences, Brilliant Bio Pharma, MSD Animal Health (Merck), Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals.<br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
==Market Forecast for Vaccines==<br />
* Veterinary Vaccines market is expected to increase at a 5.7% CAGR between 2010 and 2015 to reach $5.6 billion in 2015, driven by a growing number of diseases in animals, technological breakthroughs in biotechnology and growing awareness of animal disease<br />
* Human Vaccines market is expected to grow at a CAGR) of 19.6% to reach $58.6 billion by the end of 2015.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Vaccines Market Size Forecast1.jpg|center|thumb|601px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines Market==<br />
<br />
* United States represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. The growth in the US Veterinary market will slow down in future due to safety concerns, higher market maturity and fewer prospects for mass production and development of new products.<br />
* Europe comes second, with the market share of 33% and the market size of $1.4 Bn in 2010. The European market is mainly driven by the growing demand for livestock. 40% of the revenues in Europe come from France, Germany and United Kingdom, which amounts to $560 Mn <br />
<br />
[[Image:Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccine Market1.jpg|center|thumb|600px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Segments of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
Veterinary Vaccines market is divided into 2 major segments:<br><br />
(i) Livestock Vaccines<br><br />
(ii) Companion Vaccines<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines:''' Mainly consists of Farm animals like Cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, aquaculture and bees<br />
* '''Companion Animals:''' Mainly consist of Dogs, cats and horses<br />
<br><br />
[[Image:Market Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines1.jpg|center|thumb|591px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Among the two segments analyzed, Livestock Vaccines accounts for the larger share of about 59% in 2010. <br />
** Porcine vaccines are the largest sub-segment within Livestock Vaccines. <br />
** The revenues from Porcine Vaccines market have touched $1 Bn in 2010.<br />
<br />
* '''Companion Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Companion Vaccines account for 41% of the Veterinary Vaccines market in 2010. <br />
** Companion Vaccines market is sub-divided into 3 segments, namely, Canine, Feline and Equine. <br />
** Among these segments, Canine and Feline segments are large and account for 95% of the sales in Companion Vaccines. <br />
** Equine vaccines only accounts for 5% of the sales in this segment. <br />
** Canine vaccines are the fastest growing segment within Companion vaccines with the growth potential of more than 5% over the period to 2015.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Analysis of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
The following chart shows the percentage breakup of all the 5 segments in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also shows the market forecast for each of the segments for the years 2010 - 2015. Please click on the required segment in the pie-chart to get the market forecast for that segment in the bar chart.<br />
<br />
'''''Please click on the segments in the pie-chart to get the corresponding segment forecast for 2010-2015'''''<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Market_Segment_Forecast1_01.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* Porcine vaccines is the largest sub-segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015.<br />
* Canine and Feline Vaccine markets are slightly behind the Porcine Vaccines market in terms of market size<br />
* Canine Vaccines is the fastest growing segment among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%<br />
<br><br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
=Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines Market=<br />
This section lists the top players in the Animal Health Segment based on the revenue generated in 2010. It then analyzes the performance of these players in the veterinary vaccines market by looking at the breakup of the revenues generated by them in the vaccines market, current product portfolio in veterinary vaccines, their R&D focus areas in this segment, veterinary vaccines under clinical trial and the benefits from mergers and acquisitions in this market.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Key Players - on Revenue basis ==<br />
Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines market have been determined based on the revenues they made from Animal Health Segment in 2010. The following table lists down the top players in this market along with the revenues generated by them in Animal Health Segment in 2010. All the figures are in Billion $.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Revenues from Animal Health in 2010 ($ Bn)'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.575<br />
|-<br />
|Merck<br />
|align = "center"|2.900<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2.635<br />
|-<br />
|Bayer Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|0.800<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.781<br />
|-<br />
|Novartis<br />
|align = "center"|0.500<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.354<br />
|-<br />
|Heska Corporation<br />
|align = "center"|0.065<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Source: Company Annual Reports<br />
<br />
== Comparative Analysis of Key Players ==<br />
The following interactive chart gives a snapshot of all the activities going on in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It gives the sales breakup for all the segments and sub-segments for all the major players in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also lists down the area of clinical trials and future focus areas of all the major companies in this market.<br />
<br>'''''Please click on the labels to get the corresponding information'''''<br />
<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Comparative_Analysis3_02.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
# Pfizer is the market leader in the Veterinary vaccines market (by revenue) but Merck is the market leader in Livestock Vaccines market and Sanofi-Aventis is leading in the Companion Vaccines market. <br />
# Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacterian and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
Source: Company literature, databases, investment reports, and medical and business journals<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Company Snapshot ==<br />
The following interactive graph compares all the major players in the veterinary vaccines market on various parameters<br />
<br />
# [[Pfizer Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Merck Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Sanofi-Aventis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Bayer Healthcare - Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Virbac]]<br />
# [[Novartis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Heska Corporation]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
= Mergers and Acquisitions =<br />
The following section lists down the major mergers and acquisitions in the veterinary vaccines market and their implications on the veterinary vaccines business of the corresponding companies. It then goes down to analyse one acquisition made in this segment, in detail.<br />
<br><br />
== Major Mergers and Acquisitions ==<br />
The following table lists down all the major mergers and acquisitions that took place in the last 2 years in the Veterinary Vaccines Market and the implications of the same, on the companies involved.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company/Business'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Implications to Veterinary Vaccines business of the Acquiring company/ merged companies'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''% Stake Purchased'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration ($ Mn)'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Source'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|29-Dec-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corp<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corporation is a leader in the development, manufacture and marketing of immunodiagnostic tests for companion and food production animals.<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health<nowiki>’</nowiki>s global reach, commercial operations, and expertise in regulatory and marketing functions will expand customer access to such leading products as WITNESS® and ASSURE® for companion animals, the SERELISA® franchise for livestock animals, and PROFLOK for poultry into new markets, especially in emerging markets for Synbiotics Corp. <br><br>Marrying Synbiotics<nowiki>’</nowiki> R&D expertise in diagnostics with the strength of Pfizer veterinary R&D also is expected to help accelerate our diagnostic development program.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|735<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://animalhealth.pfizer.com/sites/pahweb/PressReleases/Pages/Pfizer%20Animal%20Health%20To%20Acquire%20Synbiotics%20Corporation,%20Entering%20Diagnostics%20Sector.aspx Pfizer Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|14-Dec-10<br />
|Novartis<br />
|Chiron Behring Vaccines<br />
|USA<br />
|Chiron Behring is a joint venture of Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc. and Aventis Pharma. Novartis and Aventis are currently fighting a couple of cases on the largest selling rabies vaccine brand, Rabipur, after the brand went to Novartis in 2009.<br><br>Rabipur was the largest selling rabies vaccine brand in India sold by Aventis for the last one decade. With this transaction, this dispute will be mutually settled.<br><br>Rabipur, the top selling rabies vaccine, with an almost 60% vaccine share was contributing atleast 10% to Aventis Pharma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s total revenue till it went to Novartis<br />
|49<br />
|22.3<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.livemint.com/2010/12/14004955/Novartis-to-acquire-49-stake.html Livemint]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11-Oct-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|King Pharmaceuticals Inc<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The transaction will further expand Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s business profile, including animal health business that will offer a variety of feed additive products for a wide range of species because of the acquisition<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3600<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-12/pfizer-agrees-to-purchase-king-pharmaceuticals-for-3-6-billion-in-cash.html Bloomberg]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|24-May-10<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Microtek International Inc<br />
|Canada<br />
|Microtek International, Inc. is a recognized innovator in aquaculture vaccines, R&D and healthcare diagnostic services. <br><br>The acquisition further expands Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s commitment to a safe food supply from healthy beef and dairy cattle, swine, poultry and fish.<br><br>Microtek not only brings to Pfizer Animal Health industry-leading vaccines and technology, but also complements Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s portfolio of health services and diagnostics for food animal production<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pfizer-animal-health-expands-global-commitment-to-a-safe-food-supply-with-a-new-focus-on-healthy-fish-94817064.html PRNewsWire]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5-Mar-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Santa Elena laboratory<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Uruguay<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac wanted to establish a strategic alliance in the area of vaccines designed for food producing animals. <br><br>This laboratory specializes in biotechnological products of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation for the manufacturing of bacterian vaccines (inactivated and modified),and a wide range of stable cell lines for the production of virus vaccines, inactivated or lessened. <br><br>With this alliance, Santa Elena will be able to use the solid commercial platform brought by Virbac and introduce its vaccines range in many markets abroad. <br><br>Virbac on its side will benefit from Santa Elena<nowiki>’</nowiki>s skills and know-how in biology to help building up a development and manufacturing base for food-producing animals vaccines, allowing Virbac<nowiki>’</nowiki>s entry into this market segment.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1836576 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|12-Jan-10<br />
|Virbac<br />
|Veterinary Assets from Pfizer Inc.<br />
|Australia<br />
|Virbac SA will acquire rights to a portfolio of livestock products historically marketed in Australia by Fort Dodge Animal Health for use in farm animals, primarily cattle and sheep. <br><br>The portfolio includes parasiticides (80% of sales) and vaccines (20%) that achieved net sales of approximately AUD 36 million in 2009. <br><br>This new portfolio will perfectly fit and complement the current range of products that Virbac Australia is bringing to its customers.<br />
|100<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1795141 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2-Nov-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Schering-Plough<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|This will double the number of drugs in late stages of development for Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merger (Merck shareholders would own 68% of the combined company)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|41,000<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123659326420569463.html Wall Street Journal]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Wyeth<br />
|USA<br />
|Wyeth acquisition will diversify Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s pipeline, particularly in vaccines and in biologics<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health will now offer an enhanced portfolio in beef, dairy, and companion animals, as well as a redefined product line for swine, equine and poultry<br />
|100<br />
|68,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/26/us-wyeth-pfizer-idUSTRE50M1AQ20090126?feedType=RSS Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|21-Sep-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s certain assets of Wyeth Pharmaceutical<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Fort Dodge Animal Health business<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Several Countries<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The deal significantly increases the size of Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s companion animal and cattle portfolios.<br><br>Boehringer Ingelheim will acquire the Duramune® line of vaccines for dogs, the Fel-O-Vax® line of vaccines for cats, and the Rabvac® line of rabies vaccines manufactured and sold in the U.S., Canada and Australia. <br><br>In addition, a portfolio of pet and equine pharmaceutical products currently sold in the U.S. is also included in the deal. <br><br>The company will also acquire cattle vaccines in the U.S. and Canada including the Triangle®, Pyramid, and Presponse® vaccine lines. Pharmaceutical products being acquired include Cydectin® (moxidectin) for cattle and sheep as well as Polyflex® (ampicillin sodium). <br><br>The dairy portfolio includes the key brands Today® and Tomorrow®. Several Canadian swine vaccines are included in the acquisition as are some cattle vaccines sold in Europe and South Africa.<br><br>It will build more capabilities in the core vaccine segment and expand Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s already strong product lines<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.americancattlemen.com/articles/boehringer-ingelheim-cattle-health Americancattlemen]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|17-Sep-09<br />
|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|Merial Ltd (50% stake from Merck)<br />
|USA<br />
|Merial makes pet medicines like flea-and-tick blocker, Frontline and chewable heartworm preventer Heartgard, plus Ivomec, a parasite killer in cattle.<br />
|100<br />
|4,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.merck.com/newsroom/news-release-archive/corporate/2009_0918.html Merck Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7-Jun-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|RFCL-Vetnex Animal Health Unit<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|India<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vetnex is a market leader in poultry, livestock and pet healthcare and is one of the top three players in the Indian animal healthcare market.<br><br>Opportunity to enter India market<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|75<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-06-09/news/28467472_1_rfcl-animal-healthcare-pfizer-animal-health Economic Times]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Analysis of Pfizer's Acquisition of Wyeth==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="30%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|Pfizer<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company'''</font><br />
|Wyeth<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|USA<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration'''</font><br />
|$68 Bn<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Post the acquisition, Pfizer Animal Health is now the world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s leader in the discovery, development, manufacture and sales of veterinary vaccines and medicines for livestock and companion animals.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Relevance to Pfizer Animal Health Business ===<br />
Fort Dodge Animal Health is one of the divisions of Wyeth, which is a leader in the manufacturing of prescription and over-the-counter vaccines and pharmaceuticals for veterinary medicine as well as livestock.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reasons for the acquisition ===<br />
==== 1. Diversified its U.S. portfolio ====<br />
<br />
The following products have been added to Pfizer Animal Health portfolio post acquisition:<br />
* Beef and dairy animal health portfolio - FACTREL®, SYNOVEX®<br />
* Swine market portfolio - SUVAXYN®, SUVAXYN PCV-2<br />
* Poultry Health Portfolio - POULVAC®, MATERNAVAC® IBD-Reo<br />
* Equine health portfolio - WEST NILE INNOVATOR ®, FLU VAC INNOVATOR ®, QUEST®, QUEST PLUS® <br />
* Canine portfolio - LYMEVAX®<br />
<br />
<br><br />
==== 2. Foray into new business areas ====<br />
* Wyeth has expanded Pfizer's presence in animal health<br />
* Augments in-line and pipeline portfolio in “invest to win” disease areas<br />
* Enhances the scientific, manufacturing and pharmaceutical science capabilities of Pfizer<br />
* Provides the best opportunities for world class, high performing talent in the industry<br />
<br><br />
==== 3. Strengthens Platforms for Improved, Consistent and Stable Earnings Growth ====<br />
* Pfizer’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= -5.3%<br />
* Wyeth’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= 4.3%<br />
* Combined Pfizer-Wyeth CAGR (2008-13) = 0.9%<br />
* Wyeth contributes a large revenue increment to Pfizer<br />
<br><br />
==== 4. Addresses Revenue Loss from Lipitor patent expiry ====<br />
* Lipitor accounted for over 28% of Pfizer's sales in 2008<br />
* Lipitor was going to lose US patent exclusivity in 2011, leading to significant revenue losses<br />
* This acquisition makes up for the revenue loss from the exclusivity of Lipitor<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Legal Issues due to the acquisition ===<br />
The complaint charges that the proposed transaction likely would harm competition in each of the relevant markets by reducing the number of suppliers and leaving veterinarians and other animal health product customers with limited options. Without the competition provided by Pfizer and Wyeth in these markets, customers are more likely to see prices rise, according to the complaint. The complaint further alleges that the entry of new competitors in these markets would not be timely, likely, nor sufficient to offset the loss of competition, and that the transaction would increase the likelihood that Pfizer could act on its own or with other companies to raise prices.<br />
<br><br />
==== Divesture of certain Animal Health Assets of Wyeth to Boehringer Ingelheim ====<br />
<br />
Pfizer divested some of the Fort Dodge Animal Health products it acquired from Wyeth, within 10 days from the acquisition, to Boehringer Ingelheim to settle the anticompetitive effects the Federal Trade Commission believes are likely to result from the transaction in numerous markets for animal health products.<br />
<br />
Due to this transaction, the Federal Trade Commission approved that it would not harm consumers in any prescription drug market where the companies currently overlap, reduce incentives to innovate, create intellectual property barriers, or allow Pfizer to engage in anticompetitive marketing.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2009/10/pfizer.shtm Federal Trade Commission], [http://www.equinechronicle.com/business/new-pfizer-animal-health-is-unveiled-with-acquisition-of-wyeth.html Equinechronicle]<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
= Emerging Trends in Veterinary Vaccines =<br />
# Companion Veterinary Vaccines are trailing on high growth track<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, canine vaccines is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is expected to be the leading segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# Two major segments in focus:<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
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|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Veterinary_Vaccines_Market_Report&diff=11047Veterinary Vaccines Market Report2014-06-02T10:49:54Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Indian Veterinary Vaccines Market */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following report studies the Veterinary Vaccines market in detail and analyzes the market information to come up with Future trends and Attractive segments in this market. <br />
<br />
<br />
The following is a snapshot of the complete report:<br />
* The '''Global Veterinary Vaccines market ($4.23 Bn)''' accounted for around 20% of the total Vaccines market ($29.71 Bn) in 2010. It is expected to grow with a '''CAGR of 5.80%''' to reach the market size of '''$5.6 Bn by 2015'''. <br />
* '''United States''' represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. <br />
* '''Porcine vaccines''' is the '''largest sub-segment''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015 whereas '''Canine Vaccines''' is the '''fastest growing segment''' among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%. <br />
* The '''top 3 players''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market are '''Pfizer, Merck and Sanofi-Aventis''', based on the revenues they generated in the Animal Health Segment in 2010. <br />
* The report contains the company profile of 8 major players in this segment, with focus on their Veterinary Vaccines market activities only. <br />
* There have been '''11 Mergers/Acquisitions''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market in the last two years (2009-2011), with Pfizer acquiring Wyeth being the largest aquisition based on the deal size and the value add, it brought to Pfizer in the Veterinary Vaccines market and its portfolio. This acquisition has been analyzed in the market report.<br />
<br />
<br />
Based on the market analysis, R&D trends, future focus areas of the key players and transactional activities in this segment, we conclude the following trends in the Veterinary Vaccines market:<br />
# '''Companion Veterinary Vaccines''' are trailing on '''''high growth track'''''<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, '''canine vaccines''' is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is '''''expected to be the leading segment''''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# '''Two major segments in focus:'''<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# '''Two major areas of focus''' in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
=Introduction=<br />
Vaccination protects hundreds of millions of animals worldwide from disease and possibly death. Animals, just like humans, suffer from a range of infectious diseases. As veterinary medicine has advanced, prevention of disease has become a priority as healthy food comes from healthy animals. One of the best means of preventing disease is by creating immunity in the animal. This is usually achieved by vaccination.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Not all animals need every vaccine. Some, like clostridial disease prevention, are basically routine, just like childhood vaccination programmes. The vaccination programme chosen for farm animals depends on the management system, the location of the farm and the history of the herd or flock (and whether or not a disease is likely to be encountered). Most farm animals are young, and these animals (just like children) are often more susceptible to infection. So, for example, calves often need to be protected by vaccination against respiratory disease. Some of the diseases that can be prevented are shown below.<br />
<br><br />
==Species Diseases Controlled by Vaccines==<br />
# '''Cattle''' - Blackleg, tetanus, <nowiki>’</nowiki>husk<nowiki>’</nowiki> (lungworm disease), rotavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheictis (IBR), respiratory syncytial virus, pasteurellosis, enteritis, leptospirosis, mastitis, ringworm, BVD, PI3, coronavirus, salmonella, E Coli.<br />
# '''Sheep & goats''' - Clostridial diseases (8 different species including tetanus), pasteurellosis, ovine abortion (chlamydiosis and toxoplasmosis), louping ill, contagious pustular dermatitis (orf), footrot<br />
# '''Pigs''' - Erysipelas, parvovirus, colibacillosis, clostridial disease, atrophic rhinitis, enteritis, porcine pneumonia, PRRS<br />
# '''Poultry''' - Avian coccidiosis, avian encephalomyelitis, avian infectious bronchitis, avian infectious bursal disease, avian reovirus, chicken anaemia virus, duck virus enteritis, egg drop syndrome 1976, erysipelas, infectious laryngotracheitis, Marek<nowiki>’</nowiki>s disease, Newcastle disease, pasteurellosis, post-natal colibacillosis, salmonellosis, swollen head syndrome, turkey haemorrhagic enteritis, turkey rhinotracheitis<br />
# '''Fish''' - Enteric redmouth disease, furunculosis, vibriosis (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio viscosus (now named moratella viscosus))<br />
# '''Dogs''' - Distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvovirus, kennel cough (Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus). Also rabies for dogs going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Cats''' - Feline infectious enteritis (or panleucopenia), feline leukaemia, chlamydia, cat <nowiki>’</nowiki>flu<nowiki>’</nowiki> (feline herpes virus and feline calicivirus). Also rabies for cats going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Horses''' - Equine herpes virus 1, influenza, tetanus, viral arteritis. Also rabies (not routinely used in the UK)<br />
# '''Rabbits''' - Myxomatosis, viral haemorrhagic disease<br />
# '''Pigeons''' - Paramyxovirus, pigeon pox<br />
<br />
Sources: National Office of Animal Health [http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/10-vacci.htm 1],[http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/22-vaccfarmanimals.htm 2]<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
=Market Overview=<br />
<br />
The global pharmaceutical industry was $825Bn in 2010, out of which the total Vaccines market accounted for only 3.6% ($29.71 Bn). The vaccines market is classified in two segments: Human Vaccines and Veterinary Vaccines market. The human vaccines market accounts for more than 80% of the total vaccines market, whereas the Veterinary vaccines market accounts for around 20% of the total vaccines market. The focus of this report will be on Veterinary vaccines. <br />
<br><br />
==Market Size of Vaccines==<br />
* The global sales of human and animal vaccines were $22.5 Bn in 2008. In 2010, it has reached approximately $29.71 Bn. The global vaccines market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.91% in 2008-2010.<br />
* The global market for human vaccines in 2008 was $18.7 Bn and, with a continuing increase in the global market, reached $25.48 Bn in 2010. <br />
* The Veterinary vaccines market grew from approximately $3.8 Bn in 2008 to about $4.23 Bn in 2010, an increase of about 5.51%. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Global Vaccines Market Size1.jpg|center|thumb|592px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Indian Veterinary Vaccines Market===<br />
* The Indian veterinary vaccine market has reached $65M in 2011 and is forecast to reach $180M by 2020.<br />
* The main players in this sector include Indian Immunologicals, Indovax, Intervet, Biovet, Hester Biosciences, Brilliant Bio Pharma, MSD Animal Health (Merck), Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals.<br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
==Market Forecast for Vaccines==<br />
* Veterinary Vaccines market is expected to increase at a 5.7% CAGR between 2010 and 2015 to reach $5.6 billion in 2015, driven by a growing number of diseases in animals, technological breakthroughs in biotechnology and growing awareness of animal disease<br />
* Human Vaccines market is expected to grow at a CAGR) of 19.6% to reach $58.6 billion by the end of 2015.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Vaccines Market Size Forecast1.jpg|center|thumb|601px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines Market==<br />
<br />
* United States represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. The growth in the US Veterinary market will slow down in future due to safety concerns, higher market maturity and fewer prospects for mass production and development of new products.<br />
* Europe comes second, with the market share of 33% and the market size of $1.4 Bn in 2010. The European market is mainly driven by the growing demand for livestock. 40% of the revenues in Europe come from France, Germany and United Kingdom, which amounts to $560 Mn <br />
<br />
[[Image:Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccine Market1.jpg|center|thumb|600px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Segments of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
Veterinary Vaccines market is divided into 2 major segments:<br><br />
(i) Livestock Vaccines<br><br />
(ii) Companion Vaccines<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines:''' Mainly consists of Farm animals like Cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, aquaculture and bees<br />
* '''Companion Animals:''' Mainly consist of Dogs, cats and horses<br />
<br><br />
[[Image:Market Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines1.jpg|center|thumb|591px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Among the two segments analyzed, Livestock Vaccines accounts for the larger share of about 59% in 2010. <br />
** Porcine vaccines are the largest sub-segment within Livestock Vaccines. <br />
** The revenues from Porcine Vaccines market have touched $1 Bn in 2010.<br />
<br />
* '''Companion Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Companion Vaccines account for 41% of the Veterinary Vaccines market in 2010. <br />
** Companion Vaccines market is sub-divided into 3 segments, namely, Canine, Feline and Equine. <br />
** Among these segments, Canine and Feline segments are large and account for 95% of the sales in Companion Vaccines. <br />
** Equine vaccines only accounts for 5% of the sales in this segment. <br />
** Canine vaccines are the fastest growing segment within Companion vaccines with the growth potential of more than 5% over the period to 2015.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Analysis of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
The following chart shows the percentage breakup of all the 5 segments in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also shows the market forecast for each of the segments for the years 2010 - 2015. Please click on the required segment in the pie-chart to get the market forecast for that segment in the bar chart.<br />
<br />
'''''Please click on the segments in the pie-chart to get the corresponding segment forecast for 2010-2015'''''<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Market_Segment_Forecast1_01.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* Porcine vaccines is the largest sub-segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015.<br />
* Canine and Feline Vaccine markets are slightly behind the Porcine Vaccines market in terms of market size<br />
* Canine Vaccines is the fastest growing segment among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%<br />
<br><br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
=Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines Market=<br />
This section lists the top players in the Animal Health Segment based on the revenue generated in 2010. It then analyzes the performance of these players in the veterinary vaccines market by looking at the breakup of the revenues generated by them in the vaccines market, current product portfolio in veterinary vaccines, their R&D focus areas in this segment, veterinary vaccines under clinical trial and the benefits from mergers and acquisitions in this market.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Key Players - on Revenue basis ==<br />
Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines market have been determined based on the revenues they made from Animal Health Segment in 2010. The following table lists down the top players in this market along with the revenues generated by them in Animal Health Segment in 2010. All the figures are in Billion $.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Revenues from Animal Health in 2010 ($ Bn)'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.575<br />
|-<br />
|Merck<br />
|align = "center"|2.900<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2.635<br />
|-<br />
|Bayer Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|0.800<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.781<br />
|-<br />
|Novartis<br />
|align = "center"|0.500<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.354<br />
|-<br />
|Heska Corporation<br />
|align = "center"|0.065<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Source: Company Annual Reports<br />
<br />
== Comparative Analysis of Key Players ==<br />
The following interactive chart gives a snapshot of all the activities going on in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It gives the sales breakup for all the segments and sub-segments for all the major players in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also lists down the area of clinical trials and future focus areas of all the major companies in this market.<br />
<br>'''''Please click on the labels to get the corresponding information'''''<br />
<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Comparative_Analysis3_02.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
# Pfizer is the market leader in the Veterinary vaccines market (by revenue) but Merck is the market leader in Livestock Vaccines market and Sanofi-Aventis is leading in the Companion Vaccines market. <br />
# Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacterian and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
Source: Company literature, databases, investment reports, and medical and business journals<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Company Snapshot ==<br />
The following interactive graph compares all the major players in the veterinary vaccines market on various parameters<br />
<br />
# [[Pfizer Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Merck Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Sanofi-Aventis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Bayer Healthcare - Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Virbac]]<br />
# [[Novartis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Heska Corporation]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
= Mergers and Acquisitions =<br />
The following section lists down the major mergers and acquisitions in the veterinary vaccines market and their implications on the veterinary vaccines business of the corresponding companies. It then goes down to analyse one acquisition made in this segment, in detail.<br />
<br><br />
== Major Mergers and Acquisitions ==<br />
The following table lists down all the major mergers and acquisitions that took place in the last 2 years in the Veterinary Vaccines Market and the implications of the same, on the companies involved.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company/Business'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Implications to Veterinary Vaccines business of the Acquiring company/ merged companies'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''% Stake Purchased'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration ($ Mn)'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Source'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|29-Dec-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corp<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corporation is a leader in the development, manufacture and marketing of immunodiagnostic tests for companion and food production animals.<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health<nowiki>’</nowiki>s global reach, commercial operations, and expertise in regulatory and marketing functions will expand customer access to such leading products as WITNESS® and ASSURE® for companion animals, the SERELISA® franchise for livestock animals, and PROFLOK for poultry into new markets, especially in emerging markets for Synbiotics Corp. <br><br>Marrying Synbiotics<nowiki>’</nowiki> R&D expertise in diagnostics with the strength of Pfizer veterinary R&D also is expected to help accelerate our diagnostic development program.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|735<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://animalhealth.pfizer.com/sites/pahweb/PressReleases/Pages/Pfizer%20Animal%20Health%20To%20Acquire%20Synbiotics%20Corporation,%20Entering%20Diagnostics%20Sector.aspx Pfizer Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|14-Dec-10<br />
|Novartis<br />
|Chiron Behring Vaccines<br />
|USA<br />
|Chiron Behring is a joint venture of Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc. and Aventis Pharma. Novartis and Aventis are currently fighting a couple of cases on the largest selling rabies vaccine brand, Rabipur, after the brand went to Novartis in 2009.<br><br>Rabipur was the largest selling rabies vaccine brand in India sold by Aventis for the last one decade. With this transaction, this dispute will be mutually settled.<br><br>Rabipur, the top selling rabies vaccine, with an almost 60% vaccine share was contributing atleast 10% to Aventis Pharma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s total revenue till it went to Novartis<br />
|49<br />
|22.3<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.livemint.com/2010/12/14004955/Novartis-to-acquire-49-stake.html Livemint]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11-Oct-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|King Pharmaceuticals Inc<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The transaction will further expand Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s business profile, including animal health business that will offer a variety of feed additive products for a wide range of species because of the acquisition<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3600<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-12/pfizer-agrees-to-purchase-king-pharmaceuticals-for-3-6-billion-in-cash.html Bloomberg]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|24-May-10<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Microtek International Inc<br />
|Canada<br />
|Microtek International, Inc. is a recognized innovator in aquaculture vaccines, R&D and healthcare diagnostic services. <br><br>The acquisition further expands Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s commitment to a safe food supply from healthy beef and dairy cattle, swine, poultry and fish.<br><br>Microtek not only brings to Pfizer Animal Health industry-leading vaccines and technology, but also complements Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s portfolio of health services and diagnostics for food animal production<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pfizer-animal-health-expands-global-commitment-to-a-safe-food-supply-with-a-new-focus-on-healthy-fish-94817064.html PRNewsWire]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5-Mar-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Santa Elena laboratory<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Uruguay<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac wanted to establish a strategic alliance in the area of vaccines designed for food producing animals. <br><br>This laboratory specializes in biotechnological products of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation for the manufacturing of bacterian vaccines (inactivated and modified),and a wide range of stable cell lines for the production of virus vaccines, inactivated or lessened. <br><br>With this alliance, Santa Elena will be able to use the solid commercial platform brought by Virbac and introduce its vaccines range in many markets abroad. <br><br>Virbac on its side will benefit from Santa Elena<nowiki>’</nowiki>s skills and know-how in biology to help building up a development and manufacturing base for food-producing animals vaccines, allowing Virbac<nowiki>’</nowiki>s entry into this market segment.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1836576 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|12-Jan-10<br />
|Virbac<br />
|Veterinary Assets from Pfizer Inc.<br />
|Australia<br />
|Virbac SA will acquire rights to a portfolio of livestock products historically marketed in Australia by Fort Dodge Animal Health for use in farm animals, primarily cattle and sheep. <br><br>The portfolio includes parasiticides (80% of sales) and vaccines (20%) that achieved net sales of approximately AUD 36 million in 2009. <br><br>This new portfolio will perfectly fit and complement the current range of products that Virbac Australia is bringing to its customers.<br />
|100<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1795141 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2-Nov-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Schering-Plough<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|This will double the number of drugs in late stages of development for Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merger (Merck shareholders would own 68% of the combined company)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|41,000<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123659326420569463.html Wall Street Journal]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Wyeth<br />
|USA<br />
|Wyeth acquisition will diversify Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s pipeline, particularly in vaccines and in biologics<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health will now offer an enhanced portfolio in beef, dairy, and companion animals, as well as a redefined product line for swine, equine and poultry<br />
|100<br />
|68,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/26/us-wyeth-pfizer-idUSTRE50M1AQ20090126?feedType=RSS Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|21-Sep-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s certain assets of Wyeth Pharmaceutical<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Fort Dodge Animal Health business<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Several Countries<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The deal significantly increases the size of Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s companion animal and cattle portfolios.<br><br>Boehringer Ingelheim will acquire the Duramune® line of vaccines for dogs, the Fel-O-Vax® line of vaccines for cats, and the Rabvac® line of rabies vaccines manufactured and sold in the U.S., Canada and Australia. <br><br>In addition, a portfolio of pet and equine pharmaceutical products currently sold in the U.S. is also included in the deal. <br><br>The company will also acquire cattle vaccines in the U.S. and Canada including the Triangle®, Pyramid, and Presponse® vaccine lines. Pharmaceutical products being acquired include Cydectin® (moxidectin) for cattle and sheep as well as Polyflex® (ampicillin sodium). <br><br>The dairy portfolio includes the key brands Today® and Tomorrow®. Several Canadian swine vaccines are included in the acquisition as are some cattle vaccines sold in Europe and South Africa.<br><br>It will build more capabilities in the core vaccine segment and expand Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s already strong product lines<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.americancattlemen.com/articles/boehringer-ingelheim-cattle-health Americancattlemen]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|17-Sep-09<br />
|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|Merial Ltd (50% stake from Merck)<br />
|USA<br />
|Merial makes pet medicines like flea-and-tick blocker, Frontline and chewable heartworm preventer Heartgard, plus Ivomec, a parasite killer in cattle.<br />
|100<br />
|4,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.merck.com/newsroom/news-release-archive/corporate/2009_0918.html Merck Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7-Jun-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|RFCL-Vetnex Animal Health Unit<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|India<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vetnex is a market leader in poultry, livestock and pet healthcare and is one of the top three players in the Indian animal healthcare market.<br><br>Opportunity to enter India market<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|75<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-06-09/news/28467472_1_rfcl-animal-healthcare-pfizer-animal-health Economic Times]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Analysis of Pfizer's Acquisition of Wyeth==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="30%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|Pfizer<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company'''</font><br />
|Wyeth<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|USA<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration'''</font><br />
|$68 Bn<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Post the acquisition, Pfizer Animal Health is now the world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s leader in the discovery, development, manufacture and sales of veterinary vaccines and medicines for livestock and companion animals.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Relevance to Pfizer Animal Health Business ===<br />
Fort Dodge Animal Health is one of the divisions of Wyeth, which is a leader in the manufacturing of prescription and over-the-counter vaccines and pharmaceuticals for veterinary medicine as well as livestock.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reasons for the acquisition ===<br />
==== 1. Diversified its U.S. portfolio ====<br />
<br />
The following products have been added to Pfizer Animal Health portfolio post acquisition:<br />
* Beef and dairy animal health portfolio - FACTREL®, SYNOVEX®<br />
* Swine market portfolio - SUVAXYN®, SUVAXYN PCV-2<br />
* Poultry Health Portfolio - POULVAC®, MATERNAVAC® IBD-Reo<br />
* Equine health portfolio - WEST NILE INNOVATOR ®, FLU VAC INNOVATOR ®, QUEST®, QUEST PLUS® <br />
* Canine portfolio - LYMEVAX®<br />
<br />
<br><br />
==== 2. Foray into new business areas ====<br />
* Wyeth has expanded Pfizer's presence in animal health<br />
* Augments in-line and pipeline portfolio in “invest to win” disease areas<br />
* Enhances the scientific, manufacturing and pharmaceutical science capabilities of Pfizer<br />
* Provides the best opportunities for world class, high performing talent in the industry<br />
<br><br />
==== 3. Strengthens Platforms for Improved, Consistent and Stable Earnings Growth ====<br />
* Pfizer’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= -5.3%<br />
* Wyeth’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= 4.3%<br />
* Combined Pfizer-Wyeth CAGR (2008-13) = 0.9%<br />
* Wyeth contributes a large revenue increment to Pfizer<br />
<br><br />
==== 4. Addresses Revenue Loss from Lipitor patent expiry ====<br />
* Lipitor accounted for over 28% of Pfizer's sales in 2008<br />
* Lipitor was going to lose US patent exclusivity in 2011, leading to significant revenue losses<br />
* This acquisition makes up for the revenue loss from the exclusivity of Lipitor<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Legal Issues due to the acquisition ===<br />
The complaint charges that the proposed transaction likely would harm competition in each of the relevant markets by reducing the number of suppliers and leaving veterinarians and other animal health product customers with limited options. Without the competition provided by Pfizer and Wyeth in these markets, customers are more likely to see prices rise, according to the complaint. The complaint further alleges that the entry of new competitors in these markets would not be timely, likely, nor sufficient to offset the loss of competition, and that the transaction would increase the likelihood that Pfizer could act on its own or with other companies to raise prices.<br />
<br><br />
==== Divesture of certain Animal Health Assets of Wyeth to Boehringer Ingelheim ====<br />
<br />
Pfizer divested some of the Fort Dodge Animal Health products it acquired from Wyeth, within 10 days from the acquisition, to Boehringer Ingelheim to settle the anticompetitive effects the Federal Trade Commission believes are likely to result from the transaction in numerous markets for animal health products.<br />
<br />
Due to this transaction, the Federal Trade Commission approved that it would not harm consumers in any prescription drug market where the companies currently overlap, reduce incentives to innovate, create intellectual property barriers, or allow Pfizer to engage in anticompetitive marketing.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2009/10/pfizer.shtm Federal Trade Commission], [http://www.equinechronicle.com/business/new-pfizer-animal-health-is-unveiled-with-acquisition-of-wyeth.html Equinechronicle]<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
= Emerging Trends in Veterinary Vaccines =<br />
# Companion Veterinary Vaccines are trailing on high growth track<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, canine vaccines is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is expected to be the leading segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# Two major segments in focus:<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
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|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Veterinary_Vaccines_Market_Report&diff=11046Veterinary Vaccines Market Report2014-06-02T10:48:24Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Market Size of Vaccines */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following report studies the Veterinary Vaccines market in detail and analyzes the market information to come up with Future trends and Attractive segments in this market. <br />
<br />
<br />
The following is a snapshot of the complete report:<br />
* The '''Global Veterinary Vaccines market ($4.23 Bn)''' accounted for around 20% of the total Vaccines market ($29.71 Bn) in 2010. It is expected to grow with a '''CAGR of 5.80%''' to reach the market size of '''$5.6 Bn by 2015'''. <br />
* '''United States''' represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. <br />
* '''Porcine vaccines''' is the '''largest sub-segment''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015 whereas '''Canine Vaccines''' is the '''fastest growing segment''' among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%. <br />
* The '''top 3 players''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market are '''Pfizer, Merck and Sanofi-Aventis''', based on the revenues they generated in the Animal Health Segment in 2010. <br />
* The report contains the company profile of 8 major players in this segment, with focus on their Veterinary Vaccines market activities only. <br />
* There have been '''11 Mergers/Acquisitions''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market in the last two years (2009-2011), with Pfizer acquiring Wyeth being the largest aquisition based on the deal size and the value add, it brought to Pfizer in the Veterinary Vaccines market and its portfolio. This acquisition has been analyzed in the market report.<br />
<br />
<br />
Based on the market analysis, R&D trends, future focus areas of the key players and transactional activities in this segment, we conclude the following trends in the Veterinary Vaccines market:<br />
# '''Companion Veterinary Vaccines''' are trailing on '''''high growth track'''''<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, '''canine vaccines''' is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is '''''expected to be the leading segment''''' in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# '''Two major segments in focus:'''<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# '''Two major areas of focus''' in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
=Introduction=<br />
Vaccination protects hundreds of millions of animals worldwide from disease and possibly death. Animals, just like humans, suffer from a range of infectious diseases. As veterinary medicine has advanced, prevention of disease has become a priority as healthy food comes from healthy animals. One of the best means of preventing disease is by creating immunity in the animal. This is usually achieved by vaccination.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Not all animals need every vaccine. Some, like clostridial disease prevention, are basically routine, just like childhood vaccination programmes. The vaccination programme chosen for farm animals depends on the management system, the location of the farm and the history of the herd or flock (and whether or not a disease is likely to be encountered). Most farm animals are young, and these animals (just like children) are often more susceptible to infection. So, for example, calves often need to be protected by vaccination against respiratory disease. Some of the diseases that can be prevented are shown below.<br />
<br><br />
==Species Diseases Controlled by Vaccines==<br />
# '''Cattle''' - Blackleg, tetanus, <nowiki>’</nowiki>husk<nowiki>’</nowiki> (lungworm disease), rotavirus, infectious bovine rhinotracheictis (IBR), respiratory syncytial virus, pasteurellosis, enteritis, leptospirosis, mastitis, ringworm, BVD, PI3, coronavirus, salmonella, E Coli.<br />
# '''Sheep & goats''' - Clostridial diseases (8 different species including tetanus), pasteurellosis, ovine abortion (chlamydiosis and toxoplasmosis), louping ill, contagious pustular dermatitis (orf), footrot<br />
# '''Pigs''' - Erysipelas, parvovirus, colibacillosis, clostridial disease, atrophic rhinitis, enteritis, porcine pneumonia, PRRS<br />
# '''Poultry''' - Avian coccidiosis, avian encephalomyelitis, avian infectious bronchitis, avian infectious bursal disease, avian reovirus, chicken anaemia virus, duck virus enteritis, egg drop syndrome 1976, erysipelas, infectious laryngotracheitis, Marek<nowiki>’</nowiki>s disease, Newcastle disease, pasteurellosis, post-natal colibacillosis, salmonellosis, swollen head syndrome, turkey haemorrhagic enteritis, turkey rhinotracheitis<br />
# '''Fish''' - Enteric redmouth disease, furunculosis, vibriosis (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio salmonicida and Vibrio viscosus (now named moratella viscosus))<br />
# '''Dogs''' - Distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, leptospirosis, parvovirus, kennel cough (Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus). Also rabies for dogs going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Cats''' - Feline infectious enteritis (or panleucopenia), feline leukaemia, chlamydia, cat <nowiki>’</nowiki>flu<nowiki>’</nowiki> (feline herpes virus and feline calicivirus). Also rabies for cats going abroad as part of the PETS scheme.<br />
# '''Horses''' - Equine herpes virus 1, influenza, tetanus, viral arteritis. Also rabies (not routinely used in the UK)<br />
# '''Rabbits''' - Myxomatosis, viral haemorrhagic disease<br />
# '''Pigeons''' - Paramyxovirus, pigeon pox<br />
<br />
Sources: National Office of Animal Health [http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/10-vacci.htm 1],[http://www.noah.co.uk/issues/briefingdoc/22-vaccfarmanimals.htm 2]<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
=Market Overview=<br />
<br />
The global pharmaceutical industry was $825Bn in 2010, out of which the total Vaccines market accounted for only 3.6% ($29.71 Bn). The vaccines market is classified in two segments: Human Vaccines and Veterinary Vaccines market. The human vaccines market accounts for more than 80% of the total vaccines market, whereas the Veterinary vaccines market accounts for around 20% of the total vaccines market. The focus of this report will be on Veterinary vaccines. <br />
<br><br />
==Market Size of Vaccines==<br />
* The global sales of human and animal vaccines were $22.5 Bn in 2008. In 2010, it has reached approximately $29.71 Bn. The global vaccines market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.91% in 2008-2010.<br />
* The global market for human vaccines in 2008 was $18.7 Bn and, with a continuing increase in the global market, reached $25.48 Bn in 2010. <br />
* The Veterinary vaccines market grew from approximately $3.8 Bn in 2008 to about $4.23 Bn in 2010, an increase of about 5.51%. <br />
<br />
[[Image:Global Vaccines Market Size1.jpg|center|thumb|592px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Indian Veterinary Vaccines Market===<br />
* The Indian veterinary vaccine market has reached $65M in 2011.<br />
* The main players in this sector include Indian Immunologicals, Indovax, Intervet, Biovet, Hester Biosciences, Brilliant Bio Pharma, MSD Animal Health (Merck), Institute of Veterinary Preventive Medicine and Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals.<br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
==Market Forecast for Vaccines==<br />
* Veterinary Vaccines market is expected to increase at a 5.7% CAGR between 2010 and 2015 to reach $5.6 billion in 2015, driven by a growing number of diseases in animals, technological breakthroughs in biotechnology and growing awareness of animal disease<br />
* Human Vaccines market is expected to grow at a CAGR) of 19.6% to reach $58.6 billion by the end of 2015.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Vaccines Market Size Forecast1.jpg|center|thumb|601px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines Market==<br />
<br />
* United States represents the largest market for Veterinary vaccines worldwide, with the market share of 46% and market size of $1.94 Bn in 2010. The growth in the US Veterinary market will slow down in future due to safety concerns, higher market maturity and fewer prospects for mass production and development of new products.<br />
* Europe comes second, with the market share of 33% and the market size of $1.4 Bn in 2010. The European market is mainly driven by the growing demand for livestock. 40% of the revenues in Europe come from France, Germany and United Kingdom, which amounts to $560 Mn <br />
<br />
[[Image:Geographical Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccine Market1.jpg|center|thumb|600px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Segments of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
Veterinary Vaccines market is divided into 2 major segments:<br><br />
(i) Livestock Vaccines<br><br />
(ii) Companion Vaccines<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines:''' Mainly consists of Farm animals like Cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, aquaculture and bees<br />
* '''Companion Animals:''' Mainly consist of Dogs, cats and horses<br />
<br><br />
[[Image:Market Segmentation of Veterinary Vaccines1.jpg|center|thumb|591px|Source: Dolcera Analysis]]<br />
<br><br />
* '''Livestock Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Among the two segments analyzed, Livestock Vaccines accounts for the larger share of about 59% in 2010. <br />
** Porcine vaccines are the largest sub-segment within Livestock Vaccines. <br />
** The revenues from Porcine Vaccines market have touched $1 Bn in 2010.<br />
<br />
* '''Companion Vaccines Market:'''<br />
** Companion Vaccines account for 41% of the Veterinary Vaccines market in 2010. <br />
** Companion Vaccines market is sub-divided into 3 segments, namely, Canine, Feline and Equine. <br />
** Among these segments, Canine and Feline segments are large and account for 95% of the sales in Companion Vaccines. <br />
** Equine vaccines only accounts for 5% of the sales in this segment. <br />
** Canine vaccines are the fastest growing segment within Companion vaccines with the growth potential of more than 5% over the period to 2015.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
==Market Analysis of Veterinary Vaccines==<br />
The following chart shows the percentage breakup of all the 5 segments in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also shows the market forecast for each of the segments for the years 2010 - 2015. Please click on the required segment in the pie-chart to get the market forecast for that segment in the bar chart.<br />
<br />
'''''Please click on the segments in the pie-chart to get the corresponding segment forecast for 2010-2015'''''<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Market_Segment_Forecast1_01.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* Porcine vaccines is the largest sub-segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market which is forecasted to grow to $1.32 Bn market by 2015.<br />
* Canine and Feline Vaccine markets are slightly behind the Porcine Vaccines market in terms of market size<br />
* Canine Vaccines is the fastest growing segment among all the sub-segments with the growth rate of 5.81%<br />
<br><br />
Source: Dolcera Analysis<br />
<br />
=Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines Market=<br />
This section lists the top players in the Animal Health Segment based on the revenue generated in 2010. It then analyzes the performance of these players in the veterinary vaccines market by looking at the breakup of the revenues generated by them in the vaccines market, current product portfolio in veterinary vaccines, their R&D focus areas in this segment, veterinary vaccines under clinical trial and the benefits from mergers and acquisitions in this market.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Key Players - on Revenue basis ==<br />
Major Players in the Veterinary Vaccines market have been determined based on the revenues they made from Animal Health Segment in 2010. The following table lists down the top players in this market along with the revenues generated by them in Animal Health Segment in 2010. All the figures are in Billion $.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" align="center"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Revenues from Animal Health in 2010 ($ Bn)'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.575<br />
|-<br />
|Merck<br />
|align = "center"|2.900<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2.635<br />
|-<br />
|Bayer Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|0.800<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.781<br />
|-<br />
|Novartis<br />
|align = "center"|0.500<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|0.354<br />
|-<br />
|Heska Corporation<br />
|align = "center"|0.065<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Source: Company Annual Reports<br />
<br />
== Comparative Analysis of Key Players ==<br />
The following interactive chart gives a snapshot of all the activities going on in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It gives the sales breakup for all the segments and sub-segments for all the major players in the Veterinary Vaccines market. It also lists down the area of clinical trials and future focus areas of all the major companies in this market.<br />
<br>'''''Please click on the labels to get the corresponding information'''''<br />
<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|<gflash>900 500 http://dolcera.com/upload/files/Comparative_Analysis3_02.swf</gflash><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
# Pfizer is the market leader in the Veterinary vaccines market (by revenue) but Merck is the market leader in Livestock Vaccines market and Sanofi-Aventis is leading in the Companion Vaccines market. <br />
# Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacterian and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
Source: Company literature, databases, investment reports, and medical and business journals<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Company Snapshot ==<br />
The following interactive graph compares all the major players in the veterinary vaccines market on various parameters<br />
<br />
# [[Pfizer Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Merck Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Sanofi-Aventis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Bayer Healthcare - Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Virbac]]<br />
# [[Novartis Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health]]<br />
# [[Heska Corporation]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
= Mergers and Acquisitions =<br />
The following section lists down the major mergers and acquisitions in the veterinary vaccines market and their implications on the veterinary vaccines business of the corresponding companies. It then goes down to analyse one acquisition made in this segment, in detail.<br />
<br><br />
== Major Mergers and Acquisitions ==<br />
The following table lists down all the major mergers and acquisitions that took place in the last 2 years in the Veterinary Vaccines Market and the implications of the same, on the companies involved.<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company/Business'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Implications to Veterinary Vaccines business of the Acquiring company/ merged companies'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''% Stake Purchased'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration ($ Mn)'''</font><br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Source'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|29-Dec-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corp<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Synbiotics Corporation is a leader in the development, manufacture and marketing of immunodiagnostic tests for companion and food production animals.<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health<nowiki>’</nowiki>s global reach, commercial operations, and expertise in regulatory and marketing functions will expand customer access to such leading products as WITNESS® and ASSURE® for companion animals, the SERELISA® franchise for livestock animals, and PROFLOK for poultry into new markets, especially in emerging markets for Synbiotics Corp. <br><br>Marrying Synbiotics<nowiki>’</nowiki> R&D expertise in diagnostics with the strength of Pfizer veterinary R&D also is expected to help accelerate our diagnostic development program.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|735<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[https://animalhealth.pfizer.com/sites/pahweb/PressReleases/Pages/Pfizer%20Animal%20Health%20To%20Acquire%20Synbiotics%20Corporation,%20Entering%20Diagnostics%20Sector.aspx Pfizer Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|2<br />
|14-Dec-10<br />
|Novartis<br />
|Chiron Behring Vaccines<br />
|USA<br />
|Chiron Behring is a joint venture of Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc. and Aventis Pharma. Novartis and Aventis are currently fighting a couple of cases on the largest selling rabies vaccine brand, Rabipur, after the brand went to Novartis in 2009.<br><br>Rabipur was the largest selling rabies vaccine brand in India sold by Aventis for the last one decade. With this transaction, this dispute will be mutually settled.<br><br>Rabipur, the top selling rabies vaccine, with an almost 60% vaccine share was contributing atleast 10% to Aventis Pharma<nowiki>’</nowiki>s total revenue till it went to Novartis<br />
|49<br />
|22.3<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.livemint.com/2010/12/14004955/Novartis-to-acquire-49-stake.html Livemint]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11-Oct-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|King Pharmaceuticals Inc<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The transaction will further expand Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s business profile, including animal health business that will offer a variety of feed additive products for a wide range of species because of the acquisition<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3600<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-12/pfizer-agrees-to-purchase-king-pharmaceuticals-for-3-6-billion-in-cash.html Bloomberg]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|4<br />
|24-May-10<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Microtek International Inc<br />
|Canada<br />
|Microtek International, Inc. is a recognized innovator in aquaculture vaccines, R&D and healthcare diagnostic services. <br><br>The acquisition further expands Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s commitment to a safe food supply from healthy beef and dairy cattle, swine, poultry and fish.<br><br>Microtek not only brings to Pfizer Animal Health industry-leading vaccines and technology, but also complements Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s portfolio of health services and diagnostics for food animal production<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pfizer-animal-health-expands-global-commitment-to-a-safe-food-supply-with-a-new-focus-on-healthy-fish-94817064.html PRNewsWire]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5-Mar-10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Santa Elena laboratory<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Uruguay<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Virbac wanted to establish a strategic alliance in the area of vaccines designed for food producing animals. <br><br>This laboratory specializes in biotechnological products of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation for the manufacturing of bacterian vaccines (inactivated and modified),and a wide range of stable cell lines for the production of virus vaccines, inactivated or lessened. <br><br>With this alliance, Santa Elena will be able to use the solid commercial platform brought by Virbac and introduce its vaccines range in many markets abroad. <br><br>Virbac on its side will benefit from Santa Elena<nowiki>’</nowiki>s skills and know-how in biology to help building up a development and manufacturing base for food-producing animals vaccines, allowing Virbac<nowiki>’</nowiki>s entry into this market segment.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|3.7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1836576 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|6<br />
|12-Jan-10<br />
|Virbac<br />
|Veterinary Assets from Pfizer Inc.<br />
|Australia<br />
|Virbac SA will acquire rights to a portfolio of livestock products historically marketed in Australia by Fort Dodge Animal Health for use in farm animals, primarily cattle and sheep. <br><br>The portfolio includes parasiticides (80% of sales) and vaccines (20%) that achieved net sales of approximately AUD 36 million in 2009. <br><br>This new portfolio will perfectly fit and complement the current range of products that Virbac Australia is bringing to its customers.<br />
|100<br />
|undisclosed<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://in.reuters.com/finance/stocks/VIRB.PA/key-developments/article/1795141 Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2-Nov-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Schering-Plough<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|USA<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|This will double the number of drugs in late stages of development for Merck<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Merger (Merck shareholders would own 68% of the combined company)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|41,000<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123659326420569463.html Wall Street Journal]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|8<br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|Pfizer<br />
|Wyeth<br />
|USA<br />
|Wyeth acquisition will diversify Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s pipeline, particularly in vaccines and in biologics<br><br>Pfizer Animal Health will now offer an enhanced portfolio in beef, dairy, and companion animals, as well as a redefined product line for swine, equine and poultry<br />
|100<br />
|68,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/01/26/us-wyeth-pfizer-idUSTRE50M1AQ20090126?feedType=RSS Reuters]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|21-Sep-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Boehringer Ingelheim<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<nowiki>’</nowiki>s certain assets of Wyeth Pharmaceutical<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Fort Dodge Animal Health business<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Several Countries<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|The deal significantly increases the size of Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s companion animal and cattle portfolios.<br><br>Boehringer Ingelheim will acquire the Duramune® line of vaccines for dogs, the Fel-O-Vax® line of vaccines for cats, and the Rabvac® line of rabies vaccines manufactured and sold in the U.S., Canada and Australia. <br><br>In addition, a portfolio of pet and equine pharmaceutical products currently sold in the U.S. is also included in the deal. <br><br>The company will also acquire cattle vaccines in the U.S. and Canada including the Triangle®, Pyramid, and Presponse® vaccine lines. Pharmaceutical products being acquired include Cydectin® (moxidectin) for cattle and sheep as well as Polyflex® (ampicillin sodium). <br><br>The dairy portfolio includes the key brands Today® and Tomorrow®. Several Canadian swine vaccines are included in the acquisition as are some cattle vaccines sold in Europe and South Africa.<br><br>It will build more capabilities in the core vaccine segment and expand Boehringer Ingelheim<nowiki>’</nowiki>s already strong product lines<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|undisclosed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.americancattlemen.com/articles/boehringer-ingelheim-cattle-health Americancattlemen]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|10<br />
|17-Sep-09<br />
|Sanofi-Aventis<br />
|Merial Ltd (50% stake from Merck)<br />
|USA<br />
|Merial makes pet medicines like flea-and-tick blocker, Frontline and chewable heartworm preventer Heartgard, plus Ivomec, a parasite killer in cattle.<br />
|100<br />
|4,000<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.merck.com/newsroom/news-release-archive/corporate/2009_0918.html Merck Press Release]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|11<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7-Jun-09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Pfizer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|RFCL-Vetnex Animal Health Unit<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|India<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vetnex is a market leader in poultry, livestock and pet healthcare and is one of the top three players in the Indian animal healthcare market.<br><br>Opportunity to enter India market<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|100<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|75<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-06-09/news/28467472_1_rfcl-animal-healthcare-pfizer-animal-health Economic Times]</u></font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
== Analysis of Pfizer's Acquisition of Wyeth==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="30%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Date of Acquisition'''</font><br />
|14-Oct-09<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquiring Company'''</font><br />
|Pfizer<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Acquired Company'''</font><br />
|Wyeth<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Country'''</font><br />
|USA<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Consideration'''</font><br />
|$68 Bn<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
Post the acquisition, Pfizer Animal Health is now the world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s leader in the discovery, development, manufacture and sales of veterinary vaccines and medicines for livestock and companion animals.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Relevance to Pfizer Animal Health Business ===<br />
Fort Dodge Animal Health is one of the divisions of Wyeth, which is a leader in the manufacturing of prescription and over-the-counter vaccines and pharmaceuticals for veterinary medicine as well as livestock.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
=== Reasons for the acquisition ===<br />
==== 1. Diversified its U.S. portfolio ====<br />
<br />
The following products have been added to Pfizer Animal Health portfolio post acquisition:<br />
* Beef and dairy animal health portfolio - FACTREL®, SYNOVEX®<br />
* Swine market portfolio - SUVAXYN®, SUVAXYN PCV-2<br />
* Poultry Health Portfolio - POULVAC®, MATERNAVAC® IBD-Reo<br />
* Equine health portfolio - WEST NILE INNOVATOR ®, FLU VAC INNOVATOR ®, QUEST®, QUEST PLUS® <br />
* Canine portfolio - LYMEVAX®<br />
<br />
<br><br />
==== 2. Foray into new business areas ====<br />
* Wyeth has expanded Pfizer's presence in animal health<br />
* Augments in-line and pipeline portfolio in “invest to win” disease areas<br />
* Enhances the scientific, manufacturing and pharmaceutical science capabilities of Pfizer<br />
* Provides the best opportunities for world class, high performing talent in the industry<br />
<br><br />
==== 3. Strengthens Platforms for Improved, Consistent and Stable Earnings Growth ====<br />
* Pfizer’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= -5.3%<br />
* Wyeth’s CAGR before acquisition (2008-13)= 4.3%<br />
* Combined Pfizer-Wyeth CAGR (2008-13) = 0.9%<br />
* Wyeth contributes a large revenue increment to Pfizer<br />
<br><br />
==== 4. Addresses Revenue Loss from Lipitor patent expiry ====<br />
* Lipitor accounted for over 28% of Pfizer's sales in 2008<br />
* Lipitor was going to lose US patent exclusivity in 2011, leading to significant revenue losses<br />
* This acquisition makes up for the revenue loss from the exclusivity of Lipitor<br />
<br><br />
<br />
=== Legal Issues due to the acquisition ===<br />
The complaint charges that the proposed transaction likely would harm competition in each of the relevant markets by reducing the number of suppliers and leaving veterinarians and other animal health product customers with limited options. Without the competition provided by Pfizer and Wyeth in these markets, customers are more likely to see prices rise, according to the complaint. The complaint further alleges that the entry of new competitors in these markets would not be timely, likely, nor sufficient to offset the loss of competition, and that the transaction would increase the likelihood that Pfizer could act on its own or with other companies to raise prices.<br />
<br><br />
==== Divesture of certain Animal Health Assets of Wyeth to Boehringer Ingelheim ====<br />
<br />
Pfizer divested some of the Fort Dodge Animal Health products it acquired from Wyeth, within 10 days from the acquisition, to Boehringer Ingelheim to settle the anticompetitive effects the Federal Trade Commission believes are likely to result from the transaction in numerous markets for animal health products.<br />
<br />
Due to this transaction, the Federal Trade Commission approved that it would not harm consumers in any prescription drug market where the companies currently overlap, reduce incentives to innovate, create intellectual property barriers, or allow Pfizer to engage in anticompetitive marketing.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.ftc.gov/opa/2009/10/pfizer.shtm Federal Trade Commission], [http://www.equinechronicle.com/business/new-pfizer-animal-health-is-unveiled-with-acquisition-of-wyeth.html Equinechronicle]<br />
<br><br><br />
<br />
= Emerging Trends in Veterinary Vaccines =<br />
# Companion Veterinary Vaccines are trailing on high growth track<br />
#* Livestock Vaccines market is more developed than Companion Vaccines market right now, but the later is catching up very quickly with more number of clinical trials in the Companion Vaccines area<br />
#* In companion vaccines, canine vaccines is forecasted to grow at the highest pace and is expected to be the leading segment in the Veterinary Vaccines market<br />
# Two major segments in focus:<br />
#* Canine<br />
#* Porcine<br />
# Two major areas of focus in the Veterinary vaccines market are:<br />
#* Parasiticides<br />
#* Infectious disease vaccines (Bacteria and Virus Vaccines)<br />
<br />
<br><br />
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|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:FDA_Drug_Regulation_Process.jpg&diff=10986File:FDA Drug Regulation Process.jpg2013-12-31T09:39:59Z<p>Thungana.praveen: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Rx_to_OTC_Switch-Market_Analysis&diff=10985Rx to OTC Switch-Market Analysis2013-12-31T09:39:32Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Introduction */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines that may be sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional, and are commonly used to treat symptoms of common illnesses that may not require the direct supervision of a physician. <br><br />
*For a medicine to be granted OTC status, it must have a wide safety margin and be effective, and must bear understandable labeling to ensure proper use<br />
*More than 700 OTC products on the market today use ingredients or dosages, that were available only by prescription, less than 30 years ago<br />
*Rx to OTC switch refers to the transfer of proven prescription drugs (Rx) to non-prescription, over-the-counter (OTC) status. Rx to OTC switch is a data-driven, scientifically rigorous, and highly regulated process that allows consumers to have OTC access to a growing range of medicines<br />
<br><br />
There are two ways in which drugs are commonly switched as approved by FDA in US :<br />
<br />
#The OTC Drug Review <br />
#*Began in 1972<br />
#*Ongoing assessment of the safety and effectiveness of all nonprescription drugs<br />
#*Panels of non-government experts review active ingredients in marketed OTC drug products to determine whether they can be classified as safe and effective<br />
#*About 40 former prescription-only drug ingredients have been switched by this process<br />
#New drug application (NDA) process<br />
#*Manufacturers submit data to the FDA showing the drug is appropriate for self-administration.<br />
#*The submission includes studies showing that the product's labeling can be read, understood, and followed by the consumer without the guidance of a health care provider<br />
#*Some drugs are approved initially as OTC drugs, but most are first approved for prescription use and later switched to OTC<br />
<br />
==Rx and OTC Regulation==<br />
<br />
The FDA process for drug approval is given below<br />
<br />
[[Image:FDA Drug Regulation Process.jpg |center|thumb|1100px| [http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/default.htm FDA Drug Regulation Process]]]<br />
<br />
* NDA - New Drug Application<br />
* ANDA - Abbreviated New Drug Application<br />
* Full NDA- For a new dosage or formulation such as lower strength than Rx version (for a medication currently available by prescription)<br />
* Supplemental NDA – For a product for which the manufacturer already holds an approved NDA or holds an abbreviated NDA for a closely related product<br />
* Abbreviated NDA – For products that are identical to an existing prescription product<br />
* The switch to OTC is done in a partial or total way. Most switches are partial, a version of the active ingredient remains available on prescription while a specific indication, strength, or dosage form becomes available through the(new NDA) switch application. On the other hand some switches are full, no prescription version of the active ingredient remains which becomes available through (NDA supplement) switch application. <br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.fda.gov FDA] , [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=XU1sMK1djVAC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=rx-to-otc+switch+full+partial&source=bl&ots=o32Y2RGGOL&sig=6bYHqWf8Qi79E1Tq7-bm340hJ7A&hl=en&sa=X&ei=e3LCUvCiC8WwiQeeg4HgDA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=rx-to-otc%20switch%20full%20partial&f=false Nonprescription Product Therapeutics, Section 1, Chapter 2]<br />
===Prescription Drugs - Branded===<br />
Once a drug has been discovered, the drug manufacturer must test the drug in laboratory and on animals. If it proves effective, the drug is tested in humans to see if it safe and effective.<br />
Once it is demonstrated to be safe, the manufacturer sends a '''New Drug Application (NDA)''' to the FDA to apply for approval. Next come tests in humans to see if the drug is safe and effective when used to treat or diagnose a disease.<br />
<br />
'''New Drug Application (NDA)'''<br />
<br><br />
The NDA application is the vehicle through which drug sponsors formally propose that the FDA approve a new pharmaceutical for sale and marketing in the U.S. The data gathered during the animal studies and human clinical trials of an Investigational New Drug (IND) become part of the NDA.<br />
The goals of the NDA are to provide enough information to permit FDA reviewer to reach the following key decisions:<br />
#Whether the drug is safe and effective in its proposed use(s), and whether the benefits of the drug outweigh the risks.<br />
#Whether the drug's proposed labeling (package insert) is appropriate, and what it should contain.<br />
#Whether the methods used in manufacturing the drug and the controls used to maintain the drug's quality are adequate to preserve the drug's identity, strength, quality, and purity.<br />
The documentation required in an NDA is supposed to tell the drug's whole story, including what happened during the clinical tests, what the ingredients of the drug are, the results of the animal studies, how the drug behaves in the body, and how it is manufactured, processed and packaged. <br />
<br><br />
NDAs include:<br />
#The drug's test results<br />
#Manufacturing information to demonstrate the company can properly manufacture the drug.<br />
#The company's proposed label for the drug, which should include information about the drug, its uses, and possible risks.<br />
The FDA approves drugs if their benefits outweigh any risks in taking them. Once a drug is approved, its manufacturer can market and then sell it in the U.S.<br />
In approving the drug, the FDA also takes into account the proposed name for it. To protect the safety of the public, it is important that the name not be similar to that of another drug product to prevent against mix-ups. FDA's Division of Medication Error Prevention and Analysis reviews the names.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/ApprovalApplications/NewDrugApplicationNDA/default.htm FDA],[http://pharmacy.about.com/od/TheDrugIndustry/a/The-Fda-Drug-Approval-Process.htm Pharmacy.About]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Prescription Drugs – Generic===<br />
Generic drugs are also known as copycat drugs. They are exact replicas of the branded drugs and typically go by their chemical name-Lipitor's generic is called atorvastatin, for example. They do not have a patent.<br />
The manufacturers of generic drugs provide an '''abbreviated new drug application (ANDA)''' to the FDA to receive approval. Since there is already a drug on the market to help consumers, the approval time for generic drugs is typically longer.<br />
The Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), which is a department within the FDA, approves generic drugs.<br />
<br />
An Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) is submitted to the FDA when seeking review and approval for a generic drug product. The application is submitted to the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs. If approved, the generic drug may be manufactured and sold in the U.S. market.<br />
Generic drug applications are not typically required to include preclinical (animal) and clinical (human) data to establish safety and effectiveness. An applicant submitting an ANDA must scientifically demonstrate that its product is bioequivalent to the previously approved innovator or brand name drug.<br />
<br><br />
Source:[http://pharmacy.about.com/od/TheDrugIndustry/a/The-Fda-Drug-Approval-Process.htm Pharmacy.about1], [http://pharma.about.com/od/A/g/Abbreviated-New-Drug-Application.htm Pharmacy.about2]<br />
<br />
FDA requires generic drugs to have the same quality and performance as brand name drugs. <br />
#When a generic drug product is approved, it has met rigorous standards established by the FDA with respect to identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency. However, some variability can and does occur during manufacturing, for both brand name and generic drugs. When a drug, generic or brand name, is mass-produced, very small variations in purity, size, strength, and other parameters are permitted. FDA limits how much variability is acceptable. <br />
#Generic drugs are required to have the same active ingredient, strength, dosage form, and route of administration as the brand name product. Generic drugs do not need to contain the same inactive ingredients as the brand name product. <br />
#The generic drug manufacturer must prove its drug is the same as (bioequivalent) the brand name drug. For example, after the patient takes the generic drug, the amount of drug in the bloodstream is measured. If the levels of the drug in the bloodstream are the same as the levels found when the brand name product is used, the generic drug will work the same. <br />
#Through review of bioequivalence data, FDA ensures that the generic product performs the same as its respective brand name product. This standard applies to all generic drugs, whether immediate or controlled release. <br />
#All generic manufacturing, packaging, and testing sites must pass the same quality standards as those of brand name drugs, and the generic products must meet the same exacting specifications as any brand name product. In fact, many generic drugs are made in the same manufacturing plants as brand name drug products.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.fda.gov/drugs/resourcesforyou/consumers/buyingusingmedicinesafely/understandinggenericdrugs/ucm167991.htm FDA]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===OTC - Branded & Prescription Drugs===<br />
The FDA's '''Office of Drug Evaluation IV''', Over-the-Counter Drug Products reviews OTC drugs. A Nonprescription Drug Advisory Committee, comprised of up to 14 independent experts selected by the FDA commissioner, assists the FDA in reviewing issues surrounding OTC drugs, including switching drugs from prescription to non-prescription status.<br />
<br />
Instead of reviewing the labels and ingredients of all 300,000 OTC drugs now being marketed, the FDA focuses on about 80 different therapeutic classes of drugs, such as analgesics, antacids, antimicrobial, antiperspirants, dental and cough/cold medicines.<br />
<br />
The FDA publishes an '''OTC drug monograph''' for each category of drug in the Federal Register. Drug monographs serve as a cook book, or list of recipes, that include acceptable ingredients, formulations, dosages and labeling for each category of drug.The monograph explains the types of ingredients that may be used to treat certain diseases or conditions without a prescription, the appropriate dose and instructions for use, and labeling.<br />
<br />
Once a monograph is adopted, companies may develop and market an OTC product without pre-approval from the FDA. Products that do not adhere to the monograph must be reviewed through FDA’s '''New Drug Application''' process.A drug company can also petition the FDA to deviate from the ingredient or labeling requirements of an OTC monograph.<br />
<br />
#Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are drugs that the FDA has decided are safe and appropriate for use without the supervision of a health care professional and can be purchased without a prescription.<br />
#Products conforming to a monograph may be marketed without further FDA clearance, while those that do not must undergo separate review and approval through the "New Drug Approval System".<br />
#OTC products that meet a monograph's requirements may be marketed without FDA review. OTC products that do not fit under an existing monograph must be approved under an application like the '''applications for prescription products'''.<br />
<br />
Source:[http://pharma.about.com/od/Over-the-Counter-Medicine/a/Over-The-Counter-Drugs-Theres-A-Recipe-For-That.htm Pharmacy.About1],[http://pharmacy.about.com/od/TheDrugIndustry/a/The-Fda-Drug-Approval-Process.htm Pharmacy.About2]<br />
<br />
===Rx to OTC Switch – Regulatory Process===<br />
<br />
There are 2 regulatory pathways for getting approval for OTC drugs (Rx to OTC switch and Direct to OTC)<br />
<br />
# OTC New Drug Application (NDA)<br />
# OTC Drug Monograph<br />
<br />
'''Rx-to-OTC switches'''<br />
<br />
The applications differ based on whether the manufacturer wants to switch to OTC completely or partially.<br />
#Full switch (NDA supplement)<br />
#Partial switch (new NDA)<br />
Source:[http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OfficeofMedicalProductsandTobacco/CDER/UCM148055.pdf FDA]<br />
<br />
'''Direct-to-OTC'''<br />
#OTC Monographs<br />
#OTC NDA<br />
Source:[http://www.slideshare.net/nkp8490/an-overveiw-on-regulation-of-otc-drug-product-in-different-country OTC Regulation in Different Countries]<br />
<br />
'''FDA Applications'''<br />
<br />
#An efficacy supplement should be submitted to an approved NDA for a prescription product if the sponsor plans to switch the drug product covered under the NDA to OTC marketing status in its entirety without a change in the previously approved dosage form or route of administration. <br />
#An NDA 505(b)(1) should be submitted if the sponsor is proposing to convert some but not all of the approved prescription indications to OTC marketing status. <br />
#An original NDA (505)(b)(1) or 505(b)(2) needs to be submitted if the sponsor plans to market either a new product OTC whose active substance, indication, or dosage form has never previously been marketed OTC.<br />
<br />
'''OTC drug review'''<br />
<br />
The OTC drug review was established to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of OTC drug products marketed in the United States before May 11, 1972. It is a three-phase public rulemaking process (each phase requiring a Federal Register publication) resulting in the establishment of standards (monographs or non-monographs) for an OTC therapeutic drug category.<br />
<br />
::'''First phase'''<br />
:::The first phase was accomplished by advisory review panels. The panels were charged with reviewing the ingredients in nonprescription drug products to determine whether these ingredients could be generally recognized as safe and effective for use in self-treatment. They were also charged with reviewing claims and recommending appropriate labeling, including therapeutic indications, dosage instructions, and warnings about side effects and preventing misuse.<br />
:::According to the terms of the review, the panels classified ingredients in three categories as follows:<br />
:::#Category I: generally recognized as safe and effective for the claimed therapeutic indication;<br />
:::#Category II: not generally recognized as safe and effective or unacceptable indications;<br />
:::#Category III: insufficient data available to permit final classification<br />
<br />
::'''Second phase'''<br />
:::The second phase of the OTC drug review was the agency’s review of ingredients in each class of drugs, based on the panel’s findings, on public comment, and on new data that may have become available. The agency, in turn, publishes its conclusions in the Federal Register in the form of a tentative final monograph. After publication of the tentative final monograph, a period of time is allotted for objections to the agency’s proposal or for requests to be submitted for a hearing before the Commissioner of FDA.<br />
<br />
::'''Third phase'''<br />
:::The publication of final regulations in the form of drug monographs is the third and last phase of the review process. The monographs establish conditions under which certain OTC drug products are generally recognized as safe and effective.<br />
<br />
===Clinical Trials : Rx-to-OTC=== <br />
<br />
Clinical trials are not a compulsory requirement for Rx-to-OTC switches, but most switch applications include new clinical trial data for the non-prescription indication and almost all the switch applications include label comprehension studies and/or actual use studies to demonstrate <br />
that the medicine can be used safely and effectively in the consumer target population. Additional standard efficacy and safety clinical trials are to prove the drug can be used safely in an OTC setting.<br />
<br />
FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) defines OTC drug actual use study as “a controlled experiment in which a prescription drug or unapproved new drug is used by subjects under OTC-like conditions.” OTC studies are intended to support a significant change in labelling for the drug. These studies are considered the most important in assessing a drug’s appropriateness for a switch. The main Objectives of an Rx-to OTC study fall into four main categories: <br />
<br />
# Safety (prescription safety demonstrated by previous trials) <br />
# Comprehension (demonstrated by label comprehension studies) <br />
# Self-selection and de-selection <br />
# Compliance as the core issue <br />
<br />
If the drug has a good safety profile, shown by the studies done to support its marketing as a prescription drug, and if the drug meets the specific criteria for switching which includes ability of selection or de-selection by consumer, there is relatively good chance that FDA will approve it for OTC use. <br />
<br />
Source:[http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/SmallBusinessAssistance/ucm069917.htm FDA], [http://www.complianceonline.com/articlefiles/Regulatory_Requirements_Prescription_to_OTC_Switches_USA_India.pdf Compliance Online]<br />
<br />
==Market Overview==<br />
===OTC Market===<br />
[[Image:OTC Market.png|center|thumb|900px|Source:Kalorama Information]]<br />
{|border="2" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="28%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Time Period'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''CAGR'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2005-2009<br />
|align = "center"|3.3%<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2009-2014<br />
|align = "center"|2.7%<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2005-2014<br />
|align = "center"|3.0%<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Rx vs. OTC Market===<br />
'''Total Pharmaceutical Market by Country, 2009 ($B)'''<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Country'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Rx Market'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''OTC Market'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Total Pharma Market'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''OTC as % of Total Pharma Market'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''United States'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|214<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|18<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|232<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''7.8'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''Japan'''<br />
|align = "center"|56<br />
|align = "center"|11<br />
|align = "center"|67<br />
|align = "center"|'''16.4'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''Germany'''<br />
|align = "center"|35<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|40<br />
|align = "center"|'''12.5'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''France'''<br />
|align = "center"|32<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|36<br />
|align = "center"|'''11.1'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''China'''<br />
|align = "center"|16<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|21<br />
|align = "center"|'''23.1'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''United Kingdom'''<br />
|align = "center"|17<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|20<br />
|align = "center"|'''15.0'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''Russia'''<br />
|align = "center"|13<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|16<br />
|align = "center"|'''18.8'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''Brazil'''<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|12<br />
|align = "center"|'''16.7'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''Mexico'''<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|11<br />
|align = "center"|'''18.1'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|'''India'''<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|'''33.3'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
Source: Kalorama Information<br />
<br />
===Rx to OTC Switches===<br />
{|align="center"<br />
|[[Image:Rx to OTC Switches market1.png|left|thumb|800px|Source:Kalorama Information]][[Image:Market Segmentation (2008).png|right|thumb|800px|Source:Kalorama Information]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
*CAGR for 2008-2013 is '''9.4%'''<br />
<br />
===Major OTC Players===<br />
[[Image:OTC Players1.png|center|thumb|800px|Source:Company Websites]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Sales Data for selected Rx to OTC Switches, USA===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Switched Drug'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Manufacturer/Marketer'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Drug Category'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Switch Year'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''First 12-Month Sales (in $M)'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|Alli<br />
|align = "center"|Glaxo SmithKline Consumer Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|Weight Loss Aid<br />
|align = "center"|2007<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|80<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|MiraLax<br />
|align = "center"|Schering-Plough Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|Gastrointestinal<br />
|align = "center"|2006<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|40<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|Prilosec OTC<br />
|align = "center"|Procter & Gamble<br />
|align = "center"|Gastrointestinal<br />
|align = "center"|2003<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|130<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|Claritin<br />
|align = "center"|Schering-Plough Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|Allergy<br />
|align = "center"|2002<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|380<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|Nicoderm CQ<br />
|align = "center"|Glaxo SmithKline Consumer Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|Smoking Cessation<br />
|align = "center"|1996<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|160<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|Nicorette<br />
|align = "center"|Glaxo SmithKline Consumer Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|Smoking Cessation<br />
|align = "center"|1996<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|195<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|Rogaine<br />
|align = "center"|McNeil Consumer Healthcare<br />
|align = "center"|Hair Loss<br />
|align = "center"|1996<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|180<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|Pepcid AC<br />
|align = "center"|Johnson & Johnson- Merck Consumer Pharmaceuticals Co.<br />
|align = "center"|Gastrointestinal<br />
|align = "center"|1995<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|200<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|Zantac 75<br />
|align = "center"|Boehringer Ingelheim Consumer Healthcare Products<br />
|align = "center"|Gastrointestinal<br />
|align = "center"|1995<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|140<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|align = "center"|Aleve<br />
|align = "center"|Bayer Consumer Care<br />
|align = "center"|Analgesic<br />
|align = "center"|1994<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|110<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
Source:Company Websites, Press Releases and Journals<br />
<br />
===Factors Affecting Rx to OTC Switch===<br />
[[Image:Factors.png|center|thumb|800px]]<br />
<br />
==Trends in Rx to OTC Switches==<br />
===Rx-to-OTC Switches Since 2000===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Ingredient'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Product Category'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Date of OTC Approval'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Product Examples'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Company'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|ibuprofen (NDA)<br />
|align = "center"|migraine<br />
|align = "center"|25/02/2000<br />
|align = "center"|Motrin Migraine Pain<br />
|align = "center"|McNeil Consumer Healthcare<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|docosanol (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|cold sore/fever blister<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|25/07/2000<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Abreva Cream<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Avanir Pharmaceuticals<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|3<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|famotidine, calcium carbonate,<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|heartburn,<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4" rowspan = "2"|17/10/2000<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4" rowspan = "2"|Pepcid Complete<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4" rowspan = "2"|J&J/Merck<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|magnesium hydroxide (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|acid indigestion<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|butenafine hydrochloride (NDA)<br />
|align = "center"|athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm<br />
|align = "center"|7/12/2001<br />
|align = "center"|Lotrimin Ultra<br />
|align = "center"|Schering-Plough<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|5<br />
|align = "center"|ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine HCl,<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|analgesic/decongestant<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|18/04/2002<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Children’s Advil Cold<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Wyeth<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|suspension for pediatric use (NDA)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|guaifenesin extended-release tablet (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|expectorant<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|12/7/2002<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Mucinex<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Adams Respiratory Therapeutics<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|nicotine polacrilex troche/lozenge (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|smoking cessation<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|31/10/2002<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Commit<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|GlaxoSmithKline<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|loratadine (NDA)<br />
|align = "center"|antihistamine<br />
|align = "center"|27/11/2002<br />
|align = "center"|Claritin Tablets, Claritin RediTabs, Claritin Syrup<br />
|align = "center"|Schering-Plough<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|9<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|loratadine, pseudoephededrine sulfate (NDA)<br />
|align = "center"|antihistamine/<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|27/11/2002<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Claritin-D 12 Hour Extended Release Tablets,<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Schering-Plough<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|decongestant<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|omeprazole magnesium<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|acid reducer to treat frequent heartburn<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|20/06/2003<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Prilosec OTC<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Procter & Gamble<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|11<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|loratadine (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|hives relief<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|15/11/2003<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Claritin hives relief<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Schering-Plough<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|diphenhydramine citrate & ibuprofen (NDA); diphenhydramine HCl & ibuprofen potassium (NDA)<br />
|align = "center"|analgesic sleep-aid<br />
|align = "center"|21/12/2005<br />
|align = "center"|Advil PM<br />
|align = "center"|Wyeth<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|12<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|ecamsule (combined with avobenzone and octocrylene (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|sunscreen<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|21/07/2006<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Anthelios SX<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|L’Oreal<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|13<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|levonorgestrel (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|contraceptive<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|24/08/2006<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Plan B<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Duramed<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|polyethylene glycol 3350 (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|laxative<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|6/10/2006<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|MiraLAX<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Schering-Plough<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|14<br />
|align = "center"|ketotifen (NDA)<br />
|align = "center"|antihistamine eye drops<br />
|align = "center"|19/10/2006<br />
|align = "center"|Zaditor<br />
|align = "center"|Novartis<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|15<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|orlistat (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|weight loss aid<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|7/2/2007<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|alli<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|GlaxoSmithKline<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4" rowspan = "2"|cetirizine HCl & pseudoephedrine HCl (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|antihistamine/<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4" rowspan = "2"|9/11/2007<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4" rowspan = "2"|Zyrtec-D<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4" rowspan = "2"|McNeil<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|16<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|decongestant<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|17<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|cetirizine HCl (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|antihistamine, hives relief<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|16/11/2007<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|Zyrtec<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|McNeil<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA" rowspan = "2"|lansoprazole (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|acid reducer to treat<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA" rowspan = "2"|18/05/2009<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA" rowspan = "2"|Prevacid 24 HR<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA" rowspan = "2"|Novartis<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|18<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|frequent heartburn<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|19<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|levonorgestrel (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|contraceptive<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|10/7/2009<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Plan B One Step<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Duramed<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|omeprazole and sodium<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|acid reducer to treat<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4" rowspan = "2"|1/12/2009<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4" rowspan = "2"|Zegerid OTC<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4" rowspan = "2"|Schering-Plough<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|20<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|bicarbonate (NDA)<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#B8CCE4"|frequent heartburn<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* Blue highlighted drugs are patent-protected<br><br />
* Purple highlighted drugs are under FDA exclusivity period<br />
<br />
===Rx to OTC Switches before patent expiry===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Product Examples'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Company'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Date of OTC Approval'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Patent Expiry'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''FDA Exclusivity'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Patent Number'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center" |Abreva Cream<br />
|align = "center" |Avanir Pharmaceuticals<br />
|align = "center" |25/07/2000<br />
|align = "center" |28/04/2014<br />
|align = "center" |--<br />
|align = "center" |4874794<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center" |Pepcid Complete<br />
|align = "center" |J&J/Merck<br />
|align = "center" |17/10/2000<br />
|align = "center" |15/10/2000<br />
|align = "center" |--<br />
|align = "center" |4283408<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center" |Mucinex<br />
|align = "center" |Adams Respiratory Therapeutics<br />
|align = "center" |12/7/2002<br />
|align = "center" |28/04/2020<br />
|align = "center" |--<br />
|align = "center" |6372252<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center" |Commit<br />
|align = "center" |GlaxoSmithKline<br />
|align = "center" |31/10/2002<br />
|align = "center" |21/08/2010<br />
|align = "center" |--<br />
|align = "center" |5110605<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center" |Prilosec OTC<br />
|align = "center" |Procter & Gamble<br />
|align = "center" |20/06/2003<br />
|align = "center" |15/11/2019<br />
|align = "center" |--<br />
|align = "center" |5690960, 5753265, 5817338, 5900424, 6403616, 6428810<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center" |Claritin hives relief<br />
|align = "center" |Schering-Plough<br />
|align = "center" |15/11/2003<br />
|align = "center" |19/06/2002<br />
|align = "center" |--<br />
|align = "center" |4282233<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center" |Anthelios SX<br />
|align = "center" |L’Oreal<br />
|align = "center" |21/07/2006<br />
|align = "center" |24/12/2013<br />
|align = "center" |--<br />
|align = "center" |5587150<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Plan B<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Duramed<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|24/08/2006<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|--<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|24/08/2009<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>-<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|MiraLAX<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Schering-Plough<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|6/10/2006<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|--<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|6/10/2009<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>-<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|align = "center" |alli<br />
|align = "center" |GlaxoSmithKline<br />
|align = "center" |7/2/2007<br />
|align = "center" |6/1/2018<br />
|align = "center" |7/2/2010<br />
|align = "center" |6004996<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|11<br />
|align = "center" |Zyrtec-D<br />
|align = "center" |McNeil<br />
|align = "center" |9/11/2007<br />
|align = "center" |10/6/2022<br />
|align = "center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>-<br />
|align = "center" |6469009, 6489329, 7014867, 7226614<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|12<br />
|align = "center" |Zyrtec<br />
|align = "center" |McNeil<br />
|align = "center" |16/11/2007<br />
|align = "center" |2/7/2018<br />
|align = "center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>-<br />
|align = "center" |6455533<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|13<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Prevacid 24 HR<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Novartis<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|18/05/2009<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|--<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|18/05/2012<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>-<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|14<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Plan B One Step<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|Duramed<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|10/7/2009<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|--<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|10/7/2012<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCC0DA"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>-<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|15<br />
|align = "center" |Zegerid OTC<br />
|align = "center" |Schering-Plough<br />
|align = "center" |1/12/2009<br />
|align = "center" |15/07/2016<br />
|align = "center" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>-<br />
|align = "center" |6489346, 6645988, 6699885, 7399772<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
* Purple highlighted drugs are under FDA exclusivity period<br />
<br />
===Trend Analysis===<br />
#11 out of 22 recent drugs ('''50%''') which switched from Rx to OTC were '''patent protected'''<br />
#4 out of 22 recent drugs ('''18.2%''') which switched from Rx to OTC were under '''FDA exclusivity period'''<br />
#13 out of 22 recent drugs ('''59%''') were switched from Rx to OTC before their patent or FDA exclusivity expiry. 2 drugs switched after the expiry of patents<br />
#6 out of these 13 drugs made a switch more than 10 years before expiry<br />
#5 out of these 13 drugs made a switch between 3 to 10 years before expiry<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Potential Drugs for Rx-to-OTC Switch===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''S.No'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Drug'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Patent Expiry Date'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Expected Switch Year'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''US Patent Numbers'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|1<br />
|align = "center"|Allegra<br />
|align = "center"|14/3/2017<br />
|align = "center"|2012<br />
|align = "center"|5578610, 6037353, 6187791, 6399632, 7138524<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|Clarinex<br />
|align = "center"|1/12/2018<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2013<br />
|align = "center"| 6514520, 7211582, 7214683, 7214684<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|3<br />
|align = "center"|Crestor<br />
|align = "center"|17/6/2022<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|6858618, 6316460, 7030152, RE37314<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|Lescol<br />
|align = "center"|12/6/2012<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|5356896, 5354772,<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|Lipitor<br />
|align = "center"|8/1/2017<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|5969156, 4681893, 5273995, 5686104, 5969156, 6126971, RE40667<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|Pravachol<br />
|align = "center"|22/10/2014<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|5622985<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|TriCor<br />
|align = "center"|21/2/2023<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|7276249, 5145684, 6277405, 6375986 , 6652881, 7037529, 7041319, 7320802<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|Vytorin<br />
|align = "center"|25/4/2017<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|RE37721, 5846966,<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|Zetia<br />
|align = "center"|25/7/2022<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|7030106, 5846966, 7612058, RE37721<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|align = "center"|AcipHex<br />
|align = "center"|8/5/2013<br />
|align = "center"|2013<br />
|align = "center"|5045552<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|11<br />
|align = "center"|Nexium<br />
|align = "center"|25/11/2018<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|7411070, 5690960, 5714504, 5877192, 5900424, 6147103, 6166213, 6191148, 6369085, 6428810, 6875872<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|12<br />
|align = "center"|Protonix<br />
|align = "center"|30/3/2025<br />
|align = "center"|2010<br />
|align = "center"|7553498, 4758579, 7544370, 7550153<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|13<br />
|align = "center"|Zofran<br />
|align = "center"|7/12/2026<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|7544370, 4758579, 7550153, 7553498<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|14<br />
|align = "center"|Propecia<br />
|align = "center"|5/11/2013<br />
|align = "center"|2011<br />
|align = "center"|5571817, 5547957, 5886184<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|15<br />
|align = "center"|Imitrex<br />
|align = "center"|10/3/2014<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2010<br />
|align = "center"|5554639, 5307953, 5705520<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|16<br />
|align = "center"|Actonel<br />
|align = "center"|10/12/2018<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|6165513, 5583122, 6096342<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|17<br />
|align = "center"|Boniva<br />
|align = "center"|2/9/2014<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|5662918, 4927814<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|18<br />
|align = "center"|Fosamax<br />
|align = "center"| 17/1/2019<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|6225294, 5462932, 5994329, 6015801<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|19<br />
|align = "center"|Evista<br />
|align = "center"|10/3/2017<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"| 6894064, 6797719, 6458811, 5393763, 5457117, 5478847, 5811120, 5972383, 6906086, RE38968, RE39049, RE39050<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|20<br />
|align = "center"|Detrol<br />
|align = "center"|11/5/2020<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"| 5382600, 6630162, 6770295, 6911217<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|21<br />
|align = "center"|Ditropan<br />
|align = "center"|22/11/2015<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|5674895, 5840754, 1 5912268, 6262115, 6919092<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|22<br />
|align = "center"|Cialis<br />
|align = "center"|26/4/2020<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|7182958, 5859006, 6140329, 6821975, 6943166<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|23<br />
|align = "center"|Levitra<br />
|align = "center"|31/10/2018<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|6362178, 7696206<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|24<br />
|align = "center"|Viagra<br />
|align = "center"|22/10/2019<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>></nowiki>2014<br />
|align = "center"|6469012, 5250534<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
==US Market Survey - Physicians Preferences and Insights==<br />
===Objectives of Survey===<br />
* To find Physician preferences for OTC drugs in comparison to prescription drugs<br />
* To find insights on OTC drugs market and usage <br />
* To understand the effectiveness of different sources of marketing<br />
===Research Methodology===<br />
The research instrument used was a questionnaire survey administered to collect empirical data. The physician responses were kept confidential to encourage openness and disclosure. The respondents rated the questions on Yes or No, ticked the relevant choices from the options available and ranked the options on a numerical scale. All the responses were coded using a binary system logic and analysis was done to derive insights there after.<br />
===Sample Size and Screening Criteria===<br />
<br><br />
{|border="2" align = "center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="35%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Gender'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Sample Size'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Male<br />
|align = "center"|18<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Female<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|'''Total Physicians'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|'''20'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
{|border="2" align = "center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="60%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3" colspan = "2"|'''Screening Criteria'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Primary Medical Specialty<br />
|align = "center"|General Physician/Family Practice<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|No. of years in practice<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|No. of patients consulting per month<br />
|align = "center"|150<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Survey Results===<br />
*All the respondents would recommend an OTC drug for fever <br />
*About 95% of the doctors feel that the usage of OTC drugs has increased in the past five years<br />
*About 85% of them would do so for other minor ailments like cold/cough and acidity <br />
[[Image:USFirst.png|center|thumb|800px]]<br />
<br><br />
*Low cost, effective and easy availability are selected as the major factors that resulted in increased usage of OTC drugs<br />
*All the respondents feel it is important to prescribe a drug that minimizes patients' out-of-pocket costs, while choosing between equally effective and safe medications<br />
<br><br />
[[Image:US2.png|center|thumb|800px]]<br />
*Advertisement is the major source of information on OTC drugs for most of the respondents<br />
*Only 30% of respondents replied in positive when asked about permitting marketing executives to market OTC products through them<br />
<br><br />
[[Image:US3.png|center|thumb|800px]]<br />
*About 63% of the respondents reported the growth rate of OTC usage during 2005-2010 between 25% - 50% and equal percentage of respondents stated that patients are trusting OTC drugs more than they used to do before as the prime reason for the growth<br />
{|align = "center"<br />
|[[Image:US4.png|left|thumb|800px]][[Image:US5.png|right|thumb|800px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
*Less than 50% of the patients are not prescribed OTC due to their medical history<br />
[[Image:non pres due to medical history.jpg|center|thumb|800px]]<br />
<br><br />
*The case of patients coming to the doctor due to side effects from OTC drugs happens once a month<br />
*About 45% of the respondents feel that non-prescription of drugs is not a serious problem<br />
{| align="center"<br />
|[[Image:Seriousness of non-prescription1.jpg|left|thumb|488×299px]][[Image:side effects1.jpg|right|thumb|488×304px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
*85% of the doctors feel that the information on the label of OTC drugs is sufficient for the patients, in order to take OTC medicines<br />
*50% of the doctors feel that more OTC drugs should be included under Medicare/insurance coverage<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
'''The effective ranking of the ailments in the order of safety of available OTC drugs is as follows:'''<br />
[[Image:effective ranking.jpg|center|thumb|800px]]<br />
[[Media:Working of Effective Ranking & Scoring.xls| To see the calculation of the effective scores and effective ranking, click on this link]]<br />
<br />
==Indian Market Survey - Physicians Preferences and Insights==<br />
===Objectives of the Survey===<br />
<br />
The reason for carrying out this research is to determine the scope of potential switch of prescription drugs to over the counter drugs in the Indian pharma industry. The study is particularly focused at the scope of making statins(a drug for reducing cholesterol level) available over-the-counter. The study aims to understand how successful a switch would be, and if it is safe for such drugs to be made available without prescription. The study also aims at determining the marketing pattern of over the counter drugs, and how it can be improved in future.<br />
<br />
The objectives for the survey are :<br />
<br />
* To understand the effectiveness of OTC drug marketing campaigns in India<br />
* To understand the source of information for the OTC drugs among doctors<br />
* To explore the potential of switch from Rx to OTC drugs<br />
* To gauge the current prescription pattern of statins in India<br />
* To identify if statins can be switched to OTC<br />
<br />
===Research Methodology===<br />
The research instrument used was a questionnaire survey administered to collect empirical data. The physician responses were kept confidential to encourage openness and disclosure. The respondents rated the questions on Yes or No, ticked the relevant choices from the options available and ranked the options on a numerical scale. All the responses were coded using a binary system logic and analysis was done to derive insights there after.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Sample Size and Screening Criteria===<br />
'''Screening Criteria'''<br />
{|border="2" align = "center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="60%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3" colspan = "2"|'''Screening Criteria'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Medical Specialty<br />
|align = "center"|General Physician, Consulting Physician, Gynaecologist, Dermatologist, Cardiologist, Pediatrician<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|No. of years in practice<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|No. of patients consulting per month<br />
|align = "center"|150<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br><br />
<br />
'''Sample Size'''<br />
{|border="2" align = "center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="25%" align = "center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Gender'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Sample Size'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Male<br />
|align = "center"|44<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|Female<br />
|align = "center"|16<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|'''Total Physicians'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C5D9F1"|'''60'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="25%" align = "center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7" colspan = "2"|'''Medical Specialty-wise Breakup'''<br />
|-<br />
|General Physician<br />
|align = "center"|17<br />
|-<br />
|Consulting Physician<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|-<br />
|Gynecologist<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|-<br />
|Dermatologist<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|-<br />
|Cardiologist<br />
|align = "center"|12<br />
|-<br />
|Pediatrician<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7" colspan = "2"|'''Geographywise Breakup'''<br />
|-<br />
|Mumbai<br />
|align = "center"|15<br />
|-<br />
|Hyderabad<br />
|align = "center"|15<br />
|-<br />
|Delhi NCR<br />
|align = "center"|14<br />
|-<br />
|Bangalore<br />
|align = "center"|16<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Survey Results===<br />
* 97% of the Indian doctors feel that the usage of OTC drugs has increased in the past 5 years<br />
* Indian doctors feel that the usage of OTC drugs has increased by more than 50% in the past 5 years<br />
* Ease in the availability of OTC drugs, Advertisements and Saving time are the major reasons for increase in the usage of OTC drugs<br />
{|align = "center" width="100%"<br />
|[[Image:Opinion on increased usage - India1.jpg|left|thumb|520px]][[Image:Reasons for increase in OTC Usage - India.jpg|right|thumb|520px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
* Headache, Cold/Cough and acidity are the most common ailments for which physicians prefer giving an OTC drug<br />
[[Image:Physician preferences for minor ailments - india.jpg|center|thumb|603px]]<br />
<br><br />
* More than 80% of the patients are not prescribed OTC drugs beacuse of their prior medical history<br />
[[Image:non pres due to medical history - india.jpg|center|thumb|619px]]<br />
<br><br />
* Only 13% of the doctors feel that the information on the labels of OTC drugs is sufficient<br />
* 98% of the doctors feel that drug-drug interactions might be a potential danger for OTC drugs<br />
* 48% of the patients come once a month to doctor due to side effects caused by OTC drugs<br />
[[Image:Patients coming due to side effects - India.jpg|center|thumb|554px]]<br />
<br><br />
* 95% of the doctors feel that the problem of taking OTCs in India is serious<br />
[[Image:Seriousness of taking otc - india.jpg|center|thumb|547px]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
'''The effective ranking of the ailments in the order of safety of available OTC drugs is as follows:'''<br />
[[Image:effective ranking - india.jpg|center|thumb|800px]]<br />
[[Media:Working of Effective Ranking & Scoring - India.xls| To see the calculation of the effective scores and effective ranking, click on this link]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* 72% of the doctors see an opportunity for Rx-to-OTC switch in Indian pharma market<br />
* Drugs relating to Vitamins, Antacids, Cuts, wounds and burns & Cold/Cough have a better potential to do well as an OTC drug<br />
[[Image:category with better potential for switch - india.jpg|center|thumb|570px]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
'''Effectiveness of marketing campaigns'''<br />
* Advertisements are a major source of information for Indians on OTC drugs<br />
[[Image:Source of info - india.jpg|center|thumb|514px]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
* Only 23% of the doctors permit marketing executives to market OTC products through them<br />
* Quality is the most important factor affecting the choice of a drug<br />
[[Image:factor affecting choice of a drug - india.jpg|center|thumb|484px]]<br />
<br><br />
<br />
'''Results on Statins'''<br />
* More than 50% of the patients with high cholesteral level fall in the age group of 40-60 years<br />
* 73% of the patients with high cholesteral level are prescribed Statin by doctors<br />
{|align = "center" width = "90%"<br />
|[[Image:age grp increased cholesterol - india1.jpg|left|thumb|485px]][[Image:drug prescribed for cholesterol - india1.jpg|right|thumb|485px]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
* Atrovastatin and Rosuvastatin are prescribed more than 90% of the times (whenever statins are prescribed) by doctors to patients with high cholesterol level<br />
[[Image:prescribed statin - india.jpg|center|thumb|526px]]<br />
<br><br />
* Sale and effectiveness of the drug, Manufacturer of the drug and Patient type are the major factors for choosing any type/brand of statin<br />
[[Image:factors for choosing statin - india.jpg|center|thumb|565px]]<br />
<br><br />
* Only 25% of the doctors feel that statins safe to be made available as OTC drugs for low- to-moderate risk group</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Deodorants_Market_Analysis:_Acquisition_of_Sanex_by_Colgate&diff=10762Deodorants Market Analysis: Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate2013-05-02T09:32:31Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Eastern Europe */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Introduction==<br />
<br />
<u>'''Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate'''</u><br />
<br />
* Colgate-Palmolive Co. (CL) has acquired Unilever<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Sanex personal-care unit for about $940 million, to expand in deodorant and body wash overseas.<br />
* Colgate has also sold its Colombian laundry detergent business to Unilever for $215 million.<br />
* Sanex, which Unilever had to sell to fulfill the [[Legal obligations of EU Antitrust Laws]], generated sales of about $260 million in 2009.<br />
* The acquisition is Colgate<nowiki>’</nowiki>s first since 2006 as Chief Executive Officer Ian Cook aims to expand into more profitable products.<br />
* Colgate, which generates more than 80 percent of sales outside North America, will gain a foothold in key parts of the personal-care market in Western Europe as a result of the transaction<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Asset Disposal by Unilever'''</u><br />
<br />
* Unilever, which bought Sanex as part of its 1.2 billion euro ($1.7 billion) acquisition of Sara Lee Corp. (SLE)<nowiki>’</nowiki>s international toiletries unit, was forced to dispose of the brand by the European Union, which raised concerns about competition issues in Europe.<br />
* Combining Sanex with the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Dove and Rexona brands would "likely have led to price increases" in seven countries including the U.K. and Spain, according to the European Commission.<br />
* Sanex also drew interest from Procter & Gamble Co and Henkel AG, people briefed on the discussions said this month. Unilever didn<nowiki>’</nowiki>t want to sell the business, because Sanex was the brand it wanted most, according to the people.<br />
* Colgate will pay all cash for the shares and net assets and expects to close the acquisition by the end of the second quarter.<br />
* Colgate is planning to expand its portfolio of brands that can help Colgate increase its competitive strength.<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
Colgate needs research support in taking the decision.<br />
<br />
==Market overview==<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Introduction to the market'''</u><br />
<br />
* The world market for deodorants registered growth during the years 2008 and 2009, albeit at a slower rate than in previous years.<br />
* With the recovery from the financial crisis in 2010, the market is projected to post healthy growth in the coming years driven by manufacturers increased focus on delivering technologically advanced products in various novel product formats.<br />
* In addition, rising demand for gender-specific products is expected to enhance market prospects.<br />
* Further, growing population, increasing awareness and rise in disposable incomes among consumers in developing regions including Asia-Pacific and Latin America would contribute to enhanced deodorant sales.<br />
* Deodorants is a matured market in developed regions such as the US and Europe. In these markets, delivery of innovative products and an '''improved product mix''' play a vital role for manufacturers to increase their revenues.<br />
* Producers are more or less compelled to offer innovative products that deliver quick, effective protection against odor and wetness.<br />
* Deodorant producers have sought to generate sales growth by relying on product introductions on a continuous basis as well as '''product line extensions.'''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Europe Market'''</u><br />
<br />
* Europe represents the largest regional market for deodorants worldwide.<br />
* Europe along with the US collectively account for a major share of the global deodorants sales.<br />
* Demand for deodorants in Europe as well as the US reported a moderate drop during 2009 because of economic slowdown that forced consumers to cut down spending on certain avoidable products such as deodorants.<br />
* Deodorant Market can be further segmented into aerosol sprays, non-aerosol sprays, and squeeze-bottle sprays. Aerosol Sprays constitute the largest as well as fastest growing product segment of deodorants in the world.<br />
* Stick & Solid Deodorants category represents the second major deodorants product segment.<br />
* The personal care category is witnessing a strong growth trend as a result of the increasing focus of men towards grooming, hygiene and appearance. Male oriented products are growing briskly, surpassing the hitherto women dominated cosmetics and personal care market.<br />
* With regard to fragrances, '''men choose deodorants over the luxurious perfumes''' which are preferred by females. This has provided a definite impetus to the overall sales of deodorants.<br />
* Another major trend in the deodorants market includes the shift towards more '''natural products'''. The increase in awareness about the benefits of natural products, led to a rise in demand for deodorants using herbs and botanicals. Botanical ingredients such as cucumber, aloe vera, lemongrass, and green tea are increasingly being used in deodorants to lure health-conscious individuals. <br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
===Market Size===<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Total Market Size====<br />
[[image:2_3_1.JPG|thumb|705×406px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br />
- Western Europe market is saturated with a value as high as 5000 m USD<br />
<br />
- Eastern Europe market has lots of scope and is expected to grow, as more countries move towards Free Market Economy<br />
<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Product wise Market Size====<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
=====Western Europe=====<br />
[[image:2_3_1_9.JPG|thumb|709×495px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
=====Eastern Europe=====<br />
[[image:2_3_1_8.JPG|thumb|709×495px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br />
- Deodorants roll on and sprays are preferred more in western Europe while in Eastern Europe stick ons are expected to have a have a huge market<br />
<br />
- Product Offerings for Colgate in Eastern and Western Europe should contain spray format and should have stick ons and roll ons in their offerings in these countries, respectively<br />
<br />
- People in Eastern Europe are more Price Conscious due to communist regimes / mixed economies and hence, share of sticks in Eastern market is more as compared to Western Europe<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Market Share===<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Western Europe====<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Market Share of Various Companies between 2005-10 in Western Europe'''</u> <br/><br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Image:2_3_1_7.JPG|thumb|710×495px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
[[Market Share of Various Companies in 2010 - Western Europe]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Eastern Europe====<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Market Share of Various Companies between 2005-10 in Eastern Europe'''</u> <br/><br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Image:2_3_1_6.JPG|thumb|708×492px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
[[Market Share of Various Companies in 2010 - Eastern Europe]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br />
- Western Europe has two major players – Unilever and Beiersdorf, while the rest of the industry is moving towards consolidation which is a sign of saturated market, '''which can only be revived by continuous product innovations'''<br />
<br />
- Eastern Europe has three major players but no market leader, hence the shares are evenly distributed and the industry is fragmented into a lot of small players, while the scope of growth remains high<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Country-wise Share===<br />
<br/><br />
====Western Europe====<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Sales Value'''</u><br />
<br />
[[Sales Value Past Trends]]<br/><br />
[[Sales Value Future Trends]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Value Growth'''</u><br />
<br />
[[ Value Growth Past Trends]]<br/><br />
[[Value Growth Future Trends]] <br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Per Capita Spending'''</u><br />
<br />
[[Per Capita Spending Past Trends]]<br/><br />
[[Per Capita Spending Future Trends]] <br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br />
- France, Germany, Italy and UK are the biggest markets for Deodorants and are saturated to a good extent.<br />
<br />
- in next five years Spain and Netherlands are expected to grow and thus marketing expenditure by Colgate can be targeted accordingly<br />
<br />
- in Switzerland, France, Germany, Denmark and Belgium are the countries where the '''Premium brand Sanex''' can be targeted as Per capita spend in these countries is very high<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Eastern Europe====<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Sales Value'''</u><br />
<br />
[[Past Trends in Sales Value]]<br/><br />
[[Future Trends in Sales Value]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Value Growth'''</u><br />
<br />
[[Future Trends in Value Growth]] <br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Per Capita Spending'''</u><br />
<br />
[[Past Trends in Per Capita Spending]]<br/><br />
[[Future Trends in Per Capita Spending]] <br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br/><br />
- Market in Poland and Russia is expected to grow in next five years while market will saturate in other countries<br />
<br />
- Spend per capita is high in countries – Czech, Poland and Slovak republic, while in coming next five years, the per capita spend by Poland is expected to grow, while other countries might become price sensitive to the product<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Brand wise Share===<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Western Europe====<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Brand-wise share of Deodorants in Western Europe during 2010'''</u> <br/><br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Image:0_11_0_1.JPG|thumb|707×414px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
[[Trends in Brand-wise Share between 2005-10 - Western Europe]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br/><br />
- There is no clear leader in the Western European Deodorant Market, Nivea is the market leader but it is closely followed by other brands<br />
<br />
- In such a scenario, much of the growth will depend upon Marketing and Advertising capabilities of the organizations along with the ability to differentiate offerings<br />
<br />
- Unilever by far has the largest market share due to its ability to differentiate its offerings<br />
<br />
- Sanex which is a Premium Priced Deodorant has a considerable market share of 4% due to high disposable incomes of people in this region<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Eastern Europe====<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Brand-wise share of Deodorants in Eastern Europe during 2010'''</u> <br/><br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Image:2_3_1_4.JPG|thumb|709×410px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
[[Trends in Brand-wise Share between 2005-10 - Eastern Europe]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br/><br />
- East European Market has tremendous potential for growth<br />
<br />
- Rexona and Nivea have the maximum Market share, having a significant lead of 6% over its nearest rival<br />
<br />
- Sanex is currently not present in East European Market, since the disposable income of these people is quite low. However, sice the trend is changing there is an opportunity for the brand<br />
<br />
==Consumer Behavior==<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Consumer Behaviour Trends in Europe===<br />
<br />
====Trends in Men and Women====<br />
[[Image:C_MF_F.JPG|centre|1160×408px]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Geography Wise Consumer Behaviour Trends===<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Western Europe - United Kingdom and France====<br />
[[Image:C_UF_F.JPG|centre|1166×394px]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Eastern Europe - Russia====<br />
[[Image:C_RU.JPG|centre|550×550px]]<br />
<br/><br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==Brand Valuation==<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Price Premium Technique===<br />
<br/><br />
Prime premium approach is based on the extra price (or profit) which a branded product may command over an unbranded or generic equivalent.<br />
<br />
'''Volume X Price premium = Brand Value'''<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><u>'''For Sanex Following are the details on which calculation was run'''</u></div><br/><br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|Brand<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|Price in GBP<br />
|-<br />
|Local<br />
|align = "right"|0.73<br />
|-<br />
|SANEX<br />
|align = "right"|1.49<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><u>'''Total Sales of Sanex in Aerosol format'''</u></div><br/><br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Total Deodorant Sales in Europe in USD<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|5,033.90M<br />
|-<br />
|Total Spray Deodorant Sales in Europe in USD<br />
|align = "right"|2,885.30M<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|% of Spray Sales / Total Sales<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|57.31<br />
|-<br />
|Sales of Sanex Sprays in USD<br />
|align = "right"|109,641,400<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><u>'''Current Exchange Rate'''</u></div><br/><br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|Current Exchage Rate of 1 USD w.r.t GBP (as on 09/06/2011)<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|0.61<br />
|-<br />
|Current Exchage Rate of 1 GBP w.r.t USD (as on 09/06/2011)<br />
|align = "right"|1.64<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><u>'''Brand Value Calculations'''</u></div><br/><br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Sales of Sanex Sprays in GBP<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|66.88M<br />
|-<br />
|Volume of Sales in Units = (Sales Value in GBP / Price of 1 Spray Bottle)<br />
|align = "right"|44.89M<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Brand Value = (Price Premium <nowiki>*</nowiki> Volume of Sales) in GBP'''<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''34.11M'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Brand Value in USD'''<br />
|align = "right"|'''55.92M'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==Brand Positioning==<br />
[[image:11_22_1.JPG|thumb|800px|center|Deodorant Positioning in Europe]]<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* The Position Map segments Deodorants on Three Parameters: Distinguishing Characteristics, Men/Women and Price Premium<br />
* The Premiumness of Deodorants was calculated by considering the Median Retail Value of the top 14 Deodorant Brands of Western Europe as per the definition of a premium product by [http://http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/premium-pricing.html/ Business Dictionary] is: "Practice in which a product is sold at a price higher that of competing brands to give it snob appeals through an aura of <nowiki>’</nowiki>exclusivity<nowiki>’</nowiki>"<br />
* Most Deodorant Brands in Europe have different versions for Men and Women, by differentiating the products this way they have been able to capture a larger market share<br />
<br />
<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==Company Profile in Personal Care Market==<br />
<br />
===Unilever===<br />
<br />
====Strategic Evaluation====<br />
<br />
=====Unilever Group=====<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Name'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Unilever Group'''<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Headquarter<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Netherlands,England & Wales<br />
|-<br />
|Regionalinvolvement<br />
|WE, EE, LA, AP, MEA, AUS, NA<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Leading categoryinvolvement<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Deodorants,bath and shower, skin care<br />
|-<br />
|World beauty& personal care market share (2009)<br />
|6.8%<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Value growth (2008-2009)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7.6%<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
=====Key Strategies and Operations=====<br />
<br />
1. '''Invest in Basic Products - '''Unilever is a global leader in categories which are generally described as commodities -examples include deodorants, bath and shower, shampoos and conditioners. Moving on, as the economic situation improves, these categories continue to have benefits as they have a much wider appeal for consumers in emerging markets.<br />
<br />
2. '''Leverage Economies of Scale - '''Unilever has consolidated its operations in terms of manufacturing, procurement and other relevant activities and intends to take full advantage of this. It aims to invest in products that can work globally rather than just in a few countries.<br />
<br />
3. '''Maintain Diversity - '''Unilever intends to focus on basic products that work globally, it still wants to maintain a diverse portfolio to accommodate different market conditions.<br />
<br />
4. '''Increased Competition - '''While Unilever has performed well with its compact and focused approach to growth, it faces increased competition in the market. L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal and Beiersdorf are identifying areas such as deodorants and body care, overlapping with Unilever. Moreover, Unilever faces competition from more competitively-priced private label.<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
====Competitive Positioning====<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Company name'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2005'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2006'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2007'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2008'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2009'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2009 % share'''<br />
|-<br />
|Procter & Gamble<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|11.7<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal Groupe<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|10.1<br />
|-<br />
|'''Unilever Group'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''6.8'''<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Colgate-Palmolive Co<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|4<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|4<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|4<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|4<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|4<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|3.7<br />
|-<br />
|Avon Products<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|3.4<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Beiersdorf AG<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|6<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|6<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|3.3<br />
|-<br />
|Estée Lauder<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|3.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Johnson & Johnson<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|9<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2.9<br />
|-<br />
|Shiseido Co<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|2.5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
[[Image:competitive positioning1.png|centre|thumb|838×287px]]<br />
<br />
====Market Assessment====<br />
=====Unilever<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Deodorants Share Grows=====<br />
* Unilever is by far the market leader in deodorants, with an over 31% global share in 2009. The company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s closest competitor is Procter & Gamble, with a 10% share.<br />
* In the US, its largest deodorants market, Unilever launched four new deodorants each supported by substantial media advertising, marketing campaigns and promotions.<br />
* Unilever has captured the deodorants market by offering interesting products, a slew of launches and products that appeal to a wider consumer group, supported by heavy investment in advertising and marketing.<br />
* The markets to lead growth in absolute terms for deodorants are Brazil, Germany and India, all of which are led by Unilever, and the company is in a good position to benefit from the growth opportunities<br />
* Unilever is the market leader and its position is unchallenged, but strategic moves by its competitors could put the company under strong threat.<br />
* Deodorants is a strong category for Unilever and it should continue to spend on product development to beat the competition and keep its strong category leadership.<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
[[Image:M_0988.JPG|924×345|center]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
=====Category and Geographic Opportunity=====<br />
<br />
* Deodorants is Colgate-Palmolive<nowiki>’</nowiki>s fourth largest category in beauty and personal care, but the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s sales are predominantly derived from the US market, at nearly 30% of its global category sales. However, the US is projected to grow only marginally, by US$51 million, over 2009-2014 compared to US$548 million for Brazil, the highest in the world.<br />
* The two other leading markets to drive growth are Germany and India, where Colgate-Palmolive does not a significant presence.<br />
* Deodorants is projected to post robust growth and a few companies in the industry are expanding their presence in this category with the launch of products with additional features or breakthrough technology. Both Beiersdorf and L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal have launched deodorants within the natural/organic niche, but Beiersdorf has gone a step further stating that it has formulated a technology to control stress-induced sweat with its deodorants. Strong product launches combined with effective marketing campaigns can ease the competitive pressure for Colgate-Palmolive.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
===Colgate===<br />
<br />
====Strategic Evaluation====<br />
<br />
=====Colgate Palmolive Co=====<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Name'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Colgate Palmolive'''<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Headquarters<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|New York, USA<br />
|-<br />
|Regional Involvement<br />
|Global<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Category Involvement<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Oral care, bathand shower, hair care, deodorants, men<nowiki>’</nowiki>s grooming, baby care<br />
|-<br />
|World Beauty and Personal Care value share (2009)<br />
|3.7%<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|World Beauty and Personal Care value growth (2009)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|6.1%<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
=====Key Strategies and Operations=====<br />
<br />
1. '''International expansion - '''Colgate-Palmolive<nowiki>’</nowiki>s success in building a strong emerging market profile has helped its oral, personal and home care business weather the global financial storm, at least to date.<br />
<br />
2. '''Product innovation based on scientific study - '''As part of its <nowiki>’</nowiki>winning on the ground<nowiki>’</nowiki> strategy, Colgate-Palmolive aims to combat the threat from private label at a time when consumers are trading down through a greater focus on product development close to consumer needs.<br />
<br />
3. '''Strong marketing focus - '''Colgate-Palmolive<nowiki>’</nowiki>s strategy is to combine product development with strong marketing initiatives, across the globe.<br />
<br />
4. '''Product offering at different pricing tiers - '''While the focus is on premium products, Colgate-Palmolive also aims to offer a range of products at a lower pricing tier –in case consumers are looking to trade down.<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
====Competitive Positioning====<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Company name'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2005'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2006'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2007'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2008'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2009'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2009 % share'''<br />
|-<br />
|Procter & Gamble<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|11.7<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal Groupe<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|10.1<br />
|-<br />
|Unilever Group<br />
|align = "Center"|3<br />
|align = "Center"|3<br />
|align = "Center"|3<br />
|align = "Center"|3<br />
|align = "Center"|3<br />
|align = "Center"|6.8<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Colgate-Palmolive Co'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''3.7'''<br />
|-<br />
|Avon Products<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|3.4<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Beiersdorf AG<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|6<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|6<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|3.3<br />
|-<br />
|Estée Lauder<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|3.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Johnson & Johnson<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|9<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2.9<br />
|-<br />
|Shiseido Co<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|2.5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:competitive_positioning.png|thumb|centre|860×553px]]<br />
<br />
=====Global Consolidation=====<br />
[[Image:global consolidation.png|thumb|centre|386×580px]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Market Assessment====<br />
<br />
*Colgate-Palmolive is too focused on oral care, which generates around 63% of its total revenue. While the company is the global leader in oral care, with nearly a quarter of value sales, oral care is also one of the most mature categories with its percentage growth projection below that of the industry average over 2009-2014.<br />
<br />
*Its three other categories following oral care are bath and shower, hair care and deodorants, respectively. Colgate-Palmolive has a good presence in Brazil bath and shower, one of the markets to drive growth in this category, but has yet to penetrate China and India, two other strategic markets to drive absolute growth in bath and shower.<br />
<br />
*Colgate-Palmolive will also benefit from expanding in deodorants, which has a robust growth projection. Competitive pressure is strong with not only Unilever controlling the market, but also players, such as Beiersdorf and L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal, making the category their key priority.<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Category and Geographic Opportunity====<br />
<br />
* Deodorants is Colgate-Palmolive<nowiki>’</nowiki>s fourth largest category in beauty and personal care, but the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s sales are predominantly derived from the US market, at nearly 30% of its global category sales. However, the US is projected to grow only marginally, by US$51 million, over 2009-2014 compared to US$548 million for Brazil, the highest in the world.<br />
* The two other leading markets to drive growth are Germany and India, where Colgate-Palmolive does not a significant presence.<br />
* Deodorants is projected to post robust growth and a few companies in the industry are expanding their presence in this category with the launch of products with additional features or breakthrough technology. Both Beiersdorf and L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal have launched deodorants within the natural/organic niche, but Beiersdorf has gone a step further stating that it has formulated a technology to control stress-induced sweat with its deodorants. Strong product launches combined with effective marketing campaigns can ease the competitive pressure for Colgate-Palmolive.<br />
<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:deo_growth.png|thumb|centre|804×261px]]<br />
<br />
===Competitors===<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====L'Oreal Inc====<br />
<br/><br />
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Overview'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal is world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s largest beauty products company, it creates makeup, perfume, and hair and skin care items<br>* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal has a century of expertise in cosmetics with €19.5 billion consolidated sales in 2010<br>* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal 23 global brands across 130 countries<br>* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal filed 612 patents filed in 2010</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Business Segments'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* '''''Consumer Products:''''' High technology products at competitive price are distributed through mass-market retailing channels (Garnier, L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal Paris, Maybelline NY, Softsheen-Carson)<br>* '''''Professional Products''''': Portfolio of brands that meet the requirements of hair salons (L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal Professionnel, Kérastase, Redken, Matrix, Mizani, Shu Uemura Art of Hair, Keraskin Esthetics)<br>* '''''Active Cosmetics:''''' Dermo-cosmetics products sold in pharmacies and specialist retailers and supported by advice from pharmacists and dermatologists (Vichy, La Roche-Posay, Innéov, Skinceuticals, Sanoflore)<br>* '''''The Body Shop:''''' Naturally inspired and fairly traded products sold in over 2300 The Body Shop stores throughout the world<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Geographic Presence'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* The company currently has operations in over 130 countries across five continents</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Brands'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal Paris, Garnier, Maybelline New York, Softsheen, Carson, CCB Paris, L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal Professionel, Kerastase, and Redke, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Revenue'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* €19.50 billion (2010)</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Profit'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* €2.240 billion (2010)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Recent Developments'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal announces the reunification of the roles of Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of the Group. Jean-Paul Agon was appointed the Chairman and CEO Sir Lindsay Owen-Jones Honorary Chairman</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
====Beiersdorf AG====<br />
<br/><br />
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Overview'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* Beiersdorf Aktiengesellschaft engages in the development, manufacture, and marketing of consumer goods in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia<br>* It is based out of Hamburg, Germany</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Business Segments'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* '''''Consumer Business segment:''''' It offers skin and beauty care products<br>* '''''Tesa Business segment: '''''It manufactures and sells self-adhesive systems and product solutions for industrial customers and consumers<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Geographic Presence'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* Company operates wholly owned subsidiaries in Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Mexico, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Japan, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Brands'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* Nivea, Eucerin, La Parairie, Florena, Slek, SBT & Hansaplast, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Revenue'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* €6.194 billion (2010)</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Profit'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* €318 million (2010)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Recent Developments'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* NIVEA brand recently completed "100 Years Skincare for Life".<br>* Focus on Skin Care, closer to Markets<nowiki>’</nowiki> strategy is designed to make the company even more competitive<br>* Focus its resources in selective skin care markets<br>* Global streamlining & harmonization of product portfolio by substantial investments in the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s skin and body care brands<br>* Beiersdorf appointed Peter Feld, formerly General Manager of Johnson & Johnson GmbH Germany, as the new Executive Board member</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
====Henkel AG & Co KGaA====<br />
<br/><br />
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Overview'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* Henkel was founded in 1876<br>* The Dax-30 company is headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany, and ranked among the Fortune Global 500<br>* Henkel employs 48,000 people worldwide, 80 percent of which work outside of Germany. Henkel is one of the most internationally aligned German companies</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Business Segments'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* '''''Laundry & Home Care:''''' The laundry products comprise heavy-duty detergents and special detergents. In fiscal 2010, the Laundry & Home Care business sector contributed 29 % of total company sales<br>* '''''Cosmetics / Toiletries''':'' Schwarzkopf & Henkel stands for brand-name products in the fields of hair colorants, hair styling hair care and form, toiletries, skin care and oral hygiene. Schwarzkopf Professional is one of the world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s leading suppliers of hair salon products. In fiscal 2009, the segment contributed 22 % of total company sales<br>* '''''Adhesive Technologies:''''' Henkel is the world market leader in adhesives, sealants and surface treatments for consumers, craftsmen and industrial applications. Henkel offers a multitude of applications to satisfy the needs of different target groups – consumers as well as craftsmen and industrial businesses. In fiscal 2009, the business sector contributed 48 % of total company sales<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Geographic Presence'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* With presence in 125 countries on five continents, Henkel engages in the majority of its business within Europe and North America</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Brands'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* Persil<sup> </sup>washing powder, Spee washing powder, Vernel/Silan fabric softener, Somat/Glist dishwasher tablets, Pril washing-up liquid, Schwarzkopf hair care, Schauma shampoo, Fa shower gel and deodorant, Diadermine skin and body care, Dial shower and hand soap, Loctite adhesives, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Revenue'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* €15,092 million (2010)</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Profit'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* €1,862 million (2010)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Recent Developments'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* '''''Mar 2011:''''' Henkel was recognized with the European Diversity Leadership Honour Award in the Multicultural Working Environment category, the jury was particularly impressed by the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s commitment and transparency in the diversity domain<br>* '''''Feb 2011:''''' Henkel unveiled new company logo and slogan <nowiki>’</nowiki>Henkel – Excellence is our Passion<nowiki>’</nowiki>.<br>* '''''Jan 2011:''''' Henkel conferred "Best Supply Performance 2010" award to Firmenich and Symrise for their outstanding operational supply performance<br>* '''''Aug 2010:''''' CMO at Henkel Müller, responsible for the global retail business of the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s hair cosmetics, skin and oral care segments, was awarded the accolade of "Chief Marketing Officer of the Year", in recognition of outstanding and innovative marketing achievements that have made a major contribution to corporate success</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
====Procter & Gamble Co.====<br />
<br/><br />
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Overview'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* The Procter & Gamble Company was founded in 1837 and is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio.<br>* P&G world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s largest multinational consumer goods company, Procter & Gamble Co. (P&G, NYSE: PG) is the 4th largest corporation in the world by market capitalization and is Fortune<nowiki>’</nowiki>s 6th Most Admired Company.<br>* P&G touches the lives of 4 billion consumers daily with trusted brands</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Business Segments'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* '''''Beauty and Grooming: '''''GBU offers female beauty products, including cosmetics, deodorants, female blades and razors, personal cleansing and skin care products, hair care products, and fragrances under the Head & Shoulders, Olay, Pantene, and Wella brands. It also provides electric hair removal devices, home appliances, male blades and razors, and male personal care products, such as deodorants, face and shave products, hair care, and personal cleansing products under the Braun, Fusion, Gillette, and Mach3 brands<br>* '''''Health and Well-Being:''''' GBU provides feminine care, oral care, and personal health care products under Always, Crest, and Oral-B brands; and snacks and pet food under the Lams and Pringles brands<br>* '''''Household Care:''''' GBU offers air care products, batteries, dish care products, and fabric care and surface care products under the Ace, Ariel, Dawn, Downy, Duracell, Gain, and Tide brands. It also offers baby care and family care products, under the Bounty, Charmin, and Pampers brands<br>* '''''Retail & Brands:''''' P&G sells its products through retail operations, including mass merchandisers, grocery stores, membership club stores, drug stores, department stores, salons, and high-frequency stores<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Geographic Presence'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* P&G products are available in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Brands'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* Tide, Olay, Pantene, Herbal Essences, Gillette, Always, Pampers, Crest, Braun, Pringles, Duracell, Secret, Old Spice, Hugo Boss, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Revenue'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* US$ 78.938 billion (2010)</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Profit'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* -<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Recent Developments'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* P&G signed a binding offer with the Sara Lee Corporation to acquire Ambi Pur for €320 million. Procter & Gamble acquired the high end shaving chain called the Art of Shaving in line with its objective to expand in high end male grooming category<br>* Procter & Gamble has sold of its hair care brands to reduce its exposure to slow-growing businesses<br>* P&G also decided to dispose off its pharma unit, but it seems it finding it difficult to find a buyer due to the credit crunch. Procter & Gamble organized its beauty and grooming business unit around "Him and Her" to better connect with the male consumer section which has not received the same level attention as female consumers</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
==SWOT of Colgate==<br />
<br/><br />
[[image:colgate_swot.PNG|center]]<br />
<br/><br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==LinkedIn Data Mining==<br />
<br />
===Growth of Employees in Sales & Marketing and R&D===<br />
[[image:6655_4.PNG|thumb|1153×415px|LinkedIn]]<br />
<br />
===Insights for Unilever===<br />
<br/><br />
[[Lateral Movement of Employees working in Unilever]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* Unilever<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Growth in terms of Sales and Marketing is more than the Industry average, this justifies its high sales and Market Leadership position across various categories<br />
* Unilever attracts talent from rival firms such as Kraft, Sara Lee, etc. However, after working in Unilever people generally go in for Consulting Organizations like Accenture, this shows the expertise they gain in the organization specifically in Supply Chain and Logistics<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
===Insights for Colgate===<br />
<br/><br />
[[Lateral Movement of Employees working in Colgate]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* Colgate spends quite less on R&D and hence prefers Acquisitions as preferred mode of expansion<br />
* However, the striking feature here is the shrinking employee growth rate in Colgate in Sales and Marketing as compared to its competitors<br />
<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
===Insights for P&G===<br />
<br/><br />
[[Lateral Movement of Employees working in P&G]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* P&G's personnel growth in Sales and Marketing as well as R&D is quite less<br />
* An interesting trend is the movement of employees from P&G into Hewlett Packard which is a core Technology Firm, this shows strong Technology Adoption Culture being followed in P&G<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
===Insights for Beiersdorf===<br />
<br/><br />
[[Lateral Movement of Employees working in Beiersdorf]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* Beiersdorf has been steadily reducing Personnel growth in its R&D department, hinting at heightening M&A Activity<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
===Insights for Henkel===<br />
<br/><br />
[[Lateral Movement of Employees working in Henkel]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* Henkel has an increased spend in Research and Development Activities which shows that strategies are directed towards product innovations<br />
* The attrition rate is low, that shows that Henkel is trying its best to retain its employees and job satisfaction is high<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==Recommendations==<br />
<br />
[[Image:R_123.JPG|centre|642×300px]]<br />
<br />
===Key Geographies for Deodorant Market===<br />
<br/><br />
====Western Europe====<br />
<br />
* Germany – It has the highest spend per capita in the world for deodorants. With a stable growth rate in the next 4 years, Germany remains an important place to have a presence. As Sanex already is there in Germany, with Uilever<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Sales and Marketing experience can take this brand even further ahead.<br />
* UK – Next best country after Germany for spend per capita. Usage is very high and is a part of daily habit. This market is exploited by many big and small players but still keeps the scope of new entrants with new product innovations. As people are very aware and used to deodorant as a category, continues new ranges and product innovation is where lies the key.<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Eastern Europe====<br />
<br />
In Eastern Europe Colgate has its presence with Mennen and Palmolive deodorants. But with no new product innovation in last few years and very less spent on marketing, these brands were ignored to an extent by Colgate. As per a report published on Colgate acquiring Sanex, one major reason behind this acquisition was to get R&D capabilities in Deodorant market which Colgate lacked initially.<br />
<br />
* Poland – Part of eastern market, which is growing at very high rate in the context of deodorants, Poland has the highest spend per capita, and an increasing projected value growth in deodorant markets.<br />
* Russia – Russia, because of the population is expected to have a high volume for deodorant sales, though it has low spend per capita, but the projected growth trend is stable and promising.<br />
* Hungary – Expected to grow in next two years but may get stagnant after that because of very low spend per capita on deodorants<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Consumer Insights===<br />
<br />
* Women still remain the driving point behind men using personal care items, thus the positioning should always be around attraction and sex appeal<br />
* One of the biggest turn off among women is men with dangling white residue from their underarms. No product in Europe till date is tackling this problem, and it can be treated as a new product innovation to invest into<br />
* In Russia, preserving feminity is of key importance, hence becomes the weak point to sell personal care products to Russian women<br />
* Secondary research on consumer behavior insights will be backed by [[media:112233.docx|Primary Research]] in key European markets <br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Brand Positioning===<br />
<br />
* The key challenge for Colgate is that the parent company Colgate Palmolive is considered as a brand and not as a parent company with umbrella brands.<br />
* Nine out of ten people consider Colgate as an Oral care brand and not as a personal care brand.<br />
* As Oral care market is almost saturated and with Colgate having plans in exploring more categories, it becomes even more challenging.<br />
* Branding its individual brands separately is the biggest challenge Colgate is facing, the marketing attempts should be more focused to strengthening the Individual brands, being distributed by Colgate Palmolive, like in the case of P&G, Unilever and Reckitt.<br />
* Colgate is known for its continues innovations, and now after acquiring Sanex R&D Capablties, Colgate can explore newer markets and also can strengthen its existing brand – Mennen and Palmolive.<br />
<br/><br />
Tough Sanex brand positioning is also related to its premiumness, Sanex does not provide the emotional value to the customer. The positioning need to work upon and category may need to be chosen. As In deodorant brands multiple variants are possible, marketing tricks can be used to brand them separately in different markets as per needs<br />
<br />
* As per the positioning map there are two major emotional spaces, where there is good scope of growth and can be used to create a stronger positioning for that segment<br />
1) '''Sporty Appeal''' – Adidas being only player working in the category, and as per the consumer behavior report, Sports deodorants acted as a trigger in the deodorant sales, Sanex can have a variant in this category to cater the segment<br />
<br />
2) '''Masculine Emotional Space – '''Old Spice acts as an old premium brand in this category for last many years. Sanex (as it being a non premium brand) can launch a variant in this category as a mass brand, and can target those who aspire for masculine appeal<br />
<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [http://www.euromonitor.com/ Euromonitor]<br />
* [http://www.mintel.com/ Mintel]<br />
* [[media:3027409.pdf|Top 100 Cosmetic Manufacturers]]<br />
* [[media:2007_I.pdf|Global Deodorant Industry insights in 2007]]<br />
* [[media:Getdocument.pdf|European Deodorant Market Insight]]<br />
* [http://www.russiaretail.com/70111/Outlook-on-deodorant-market.shtml Outlook of Russian Deodorant Market]<br />
* [[media:Cb_russia.pdf|Consumer Behave Insights from Russia]]<br />
* [http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/152296/Brits-win-pong-contest.html?print=yes Consumer Behavior Insights from UK]<br />
* [http://www.bucharestherald.ro/dailyevents/41-dailyevents/21504-survey-two-toothpaste-tubes-four-bars-of-soap-and-one-deodorant-thats-how-much-romanians-use-in-a-year Consumer Behavior Insights from Romania]<br />
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/25/french-stereotypes-failure-wash Consumer Behavior Insights from France]<br />
* [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703696704576223112705412404.html Consumer Insights derived from a study conducted by Unilever]<br />
* [http://thefranknewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/news-from-body-shop.html Consumer Behavior Insights from a study conducted by Body Shop]<br />
* [http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/11/684/ European Commission - Press release Mergers: Commission approves acquisition of Sanex by Colgate]</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Deodorants_Market_Analysis:_Acquisition_of_Sanex_by_Colgate&diff=10761Deodorants Market Analysis: Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate2013-05-02T09:31:04Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Brand Positioning */</p>
<hr />
<div>==Introduction==<br />
<br />
<u>'''Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate'''</u><br />
<br />
* Colgate-Palmolive Co. (CL) has acquired Unilever<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Sanex personal-care unit for about $940 million, to expand in deodorant and body wash overseas.<br />
* Colgate has also sold its Colombian laundry detergent business to Unilever for $215 million.<br />
* Sanex, which Unilever had to sell to fulfill the [[Legal obligations of EU Antitrust Laws]], generated sales of about $260 million in 2009.<br />
* The acquisition is Colgate<nowiki>’</nowiki>s first since 2006 as Chief Executive Officer Ian Cook aims to expand into more profitable products.<br />
* Colgate, which generates more than 80 percent of sales outside North America, will gain a foothold in key parts of the personal-care market in Western Europe as a result of the transaction<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Asset Disposal by Unilever'''</u><br />
<br />
* Unilever, which bought Sanex as part of its 1.2 billion euro ($1.7 billion) acquisition of Sara Lee Corp. (SLE)<nowiki>’</nowiki>s international toiletries unit, was forced to dispose of the brand by the European Union, which raised concerns about competition issues in Europe.<br />
* Combining Sanex with the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Dove and Rexona brands would "likely have led to price increases" in seven countries including the U.K. and Spain, according to the European Commission.<br />
* Sanex also drew interest from Procter & Gamble Co and Henkel AG, people briefed on the discussions said this month. Unilever didn<nowiki>’</nowiki>t want to sell the business, because Sanex was the brand it wanted most, according to the people.<br />
* Colgate will pay all cash for the shares and net assets and expects to close the acquisition by the end of the second quarter.<br />
* Colgate is planning to expand its portfolio of brands that can help Colgate increase its competitive strength.<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
Colgate needs research support in taking the decision.<br />
<br />
==Market overview==<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Introduction to the market'''</u><br />
<br />
* The world market for deodorants registered growth during the years 2008 and 2009, albeit at a slower rate than in previous years.<br />
* With the recovery from the financial crisis in 2010, the market is projected to post healthy growth in the coming years driven by manufacturers increased focus on delivering technologically advanced products in various novel product formats.<br />
* In addition, rising demand for gender-specific products is expected to enhance market prospects.<br />
* Further, growing population, increasing awareness and rise in disposable incomes among consumers in developing regions including Asia-Pacific and Latin America would contribute to enhanced deodorant sales.<br />
* Deodorants is a matured market in developed regions such as the US and Europe. In these markets, delivery of innovative products and an '''improved product mix''' play a vital role for manufacturers to increase their revenues.<br />
* Producers are more or less compelled to offer innovative products that deliver quick, effective protection against odor and wetness.<br />
* Deodorant producers have sought to generate sales growth by relying on product introductions on a continuous basis as well as '''product line extensions.'''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Europe Market'''</u><br />
<br />
* Europe represents the largest regional market for deodorants worldwide.<br />
* Europe along with the US collectively account for a major share of the global deodorants sales.<br />
* Demand for deodorants in Europe as well as the US reported a moderate drop during 2009 because of economic slowdown that forced consumers to cut down spending on certain avoidable products such as deodorants.<br />
* Deodorant Market can be further segmented into aerosol sprays, non-aerosol sprays, and squeeze-bottle sprays. Aerosol Sprays constitute the largest as well as fastest growing product segment of deodorants in the world.<br />
* Stick & Solid Deodorants category represents the second major deodorants product segment.<br />
* The personal care category is witnessing a strong growth trend as a result of the increasing focus of men towards grooming, hygiene and appearance. Male oriented products are growing briskly, surpassing the hitherto women dominated cosmetics and personal care market.<br />
* With regard to fragrances, '''men choose deodorants over the luxurious perfumes''' which are preferred by females. This has provided a definite impetus to the overall sales of deodorants.<br />
* Another major trend in the deodorants market includes the shift towards more '''natural products'''. The increase in awareness about the benefits of natural products, led to a rise in demand for deodorants using herbs and botanicals. Botanical ingredients such as cucumber, aloe vera, lemongrass, and green tea are increasingly being used in deodorants to lure health-conscious individuals. <br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
===Market Size===<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Total Market Size====<br />
[[image:2_3_1.JPG|thumb|705×406px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br />
- Western Europe market is saturated with a value as high as 5000 m USD<br />
<br />
- Eastern Europe market has lots of scope and is expected to grow, as more countries move towards Free Market Economy<br />
<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Product wise Market Size====<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
=====Western Europe=====<br />
[[image:2_3_1_9.JPG|thumb|709×495px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
=====Eastern Europe=====<br />
[[image:2_3_1_8.JPG|thumb|709×495px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br />
- Deodorants roll on and sprays are preferred more in western Europe while in Eastern Europe stick ons are expected to have a have a huge market<br />
<br />
- Product Offerings for Colgate in Eastern and Western Europe should contain spray format and should have stick ons and roll ons in their offerings in these countries, respectively<br />
<br />
- People in Eastern Europe are more Price Conscious due to communist regimes / mixed economies and hence, share of sticks in Eastern market is more as compared to Western Europe<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Market Share===<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Western Europe====<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Market Share of Various Companies between 2005-10 in Western Europe'''</u> <br/><br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Image:2_3_1_7.JPG|thumb|710×495px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
[[Market Share of Various Companies in 2010 - Western Europe]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Eastern Europe====<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Market Share of Various Companies between 2005-10 in Eastern Europe'''</u> <br/><br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Image:2_3_1_6.JPG|thumb|708×492px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
[[Market Share of Various Companies in 2010 - Eastern Europe]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br />
- Western Europe has two major players – Unilever and Beiersdorf, while the rest of the industry is moving towards consolidation which is a sign of saturated market, '''which can only be revived by continues product innovations'''<br />
<br />
- Eastern Europe has three major players but no market leader, hence the shares are evenly distributed and the industry is fragmented into a lot of small players, while the scope of growth remains high<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Country-wise Share===<br />
<br/><br />
====Western Europe====<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Sales Value'''</u><br />
<br />
[[Sales Value Past Trends]]<br/><br />
[[Sales Value Future Trends]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Value Growth'''</u><br />
<br />
[[ Value Growth Past Trends]]<br/><br />
[[Value Growth Future Trends]] <br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Per Capita Spending'''</u><br />
<br />
[[Per Capita Spending Past Trends]]<br/><br />
[[Per Capita Spending Future Trends]] <br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br />
- France, Germany, Italy and UK are the biggest markets for Deodorants and are saturated to a good extent.<br />
<br />
- in next five years Spain and Netherlands are expected to grow and thus marketing expenditure by Colgate can be targeted accordingly<br />
<br />
- in Switzerland, France, Germany, Denmark and Belgium are the countries where the '''Premium brand Sanex''' can be targeted as Per capita spend in these countries is very high<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Eastern Europe====<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Sales Value'''</u><br />
<br />
[[Past Trends in Sales Value]]<br/><br />
[[Future Trends in Sales Value]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Value Growth'''</u><br />
<br />
[[Future Trends in Value Growth]] <br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Per Capita Spending'''</u><br />
<br />
[[Past Trends in Per Capita Spending]]<br/><br />
[[Future Trends in Per Capita Spending]] <br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br/><br />
- Market in Poland and Russia is expected to grow in next five years while market will saturate in other countries<br />
<br />
- Spend per capita is high in countries – Czech, Poland and Slovak republic, while in coming next five years, the per capita spend by Poland is expected to grow, while other countries might become price sensitive to the product<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Brand wise Share===<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Western Europe====<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Brand-wise share of Deodorants in Western Europe during 2010'''</u> <br/><br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Image:0_11_0_1.JPG|thumb|707×414px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
[[Trends in Brand-wise Share between 2005-10 - Western Europe]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br/><br />
- There is no clear leader in the Western European Deodorant Market, Nivea is the market leader but it is closely followed by other brands<br />
<br />
- In such a scenario, much of the growth will depend upon Marketing and Advertising capabilities of the organizations along with the ability to differentiate offerings<br />
<br />
- Unilever by far has the largest market share due to its ability to differentiate its offerings<br />
<br />
- Sanex which is a Premium Priced Deodorant has a considerable market share of 4% due to high disposable incomes of people in this region<br />
<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Eastern Europe====<br />
<br/><br />
<u>'''Brand-wise share of Deodorants in Eastern Europe during 2010'''</u> <br/><br />
<br><br />
<br />
[[Image:2_3_1_4.JPG|thumb|709×410px|center|European Market Size|Source: Euromonitor]]<br />
<br/><br />
[[Trends in Brand-wise Share between 2005-10 - Eastern Europe]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
<br/><br />
- East European Market has tremendous potential for growth<br />
<br />
- Rexona and Nivea have the maximum Market share, having a significant lead of 6% over its nearest rival<br />
<br />
- Sanex is currently not present in East European Market, since the disposable income of these people is quite low. However, sice the trend is changing there is an opportunity for the brand<br />
<br />
==Consumer Behavior==<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Consumer Behaviour Trends in Europe===<br />
<br />
====Trends in Men and Women====<br />
[[Image:C_MF_F.JPG|centre|1160×408px]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Geography Wise Consumer Behaviour Trends===<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Western Europe - United Kingdom and France====<br />
[[Image:C_UF_F.JPG|centre|1166×394px]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Eastern Europe - Russia====<br />
[[Image:C_RU.JPG|centre|550×550px]]<br />
<br/><br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==Brand Valuation==<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Price Premium Technique===<br />
<br/><br />
Prime premium approach is based on the extra price (or profit) which a branded product may command over an unbranded or generic equivalent.<br />
<br />
'''Volume X Price premium = Brand Value'''<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><u>'''For Sanex Following are the details on which calculation was run'''</u></div><br/><br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|Brand<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|Price in GBP<br />
|-<br />
|Local<br />
|align = "right"|0.73<br />
|-<br />
|SANEX<br />
|align = "right"|1.49<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><u>'''Total Sales of Sanex in Aerosol format'''</u></div><br/><br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Total Deodorant Sales in Europe in USD<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|5,033.90M<br />
|-<br />
|Total Spray Deodorant Sales in Europe in USD<br />
|align = "right"|2,885.30M<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|% of Spray Sales / Total Sales<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|57.31<br />
|-<br />
|Sales of Sanex Sprays in USD<br />
|align = "right"|109,641,400<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><u>'''Current Exchange Rate'''</u></div><br/><br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|Current Exchage Rate of 1 USD w.r.t GBP (as on 09/06/2011)<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|0.61<br />
|-<br />
|Current Exchage Rate of 1 GBP w.r.t USD (as on 09/06/2011)<br />
|align = "right"|1.64<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;"><u>'''Brand Value Calculations'''</u></div><br/><br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Sales of Sanex Sprays in GBP<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|66.88M<br />
|-<br />
|Volume of Sales in Units = (Sales Value in GBP / Price of 1 Spray Bottle)<br />
|align = "right"|44.89M<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Brand Value = (Price Premium <nowiki>*</nowiki> Volume of Sales) in GBP'''<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''34.11M'''<br />
|-<br />
|'''Brand Value in USD'''<br />
|align = "right"|'''55.92M'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==Brand Positioning==<br />
[[image:11_22_1.JPG|thumb|800px|center|Deodorant Positioning in Europe]]<br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* The Position Map segments Deodorants on Three Parameters: Distinguishing Characteristics, Men/Women and Price Premium<br />
* The Premiumness of Deodorants was calculated by considering the Median Retail Value of the top 14 Deodorant Brands of Western Europe as per the definition of a premium product by [http://http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/premium-pricing.html/ Business Dictionary] is: "Practice in which a product is sold at a price higher that of competing brands to give it snob appeals through an aura of <nowiki>’</nowiki>exclusivity<nowiki>’</nowiki>"<br />
* Most Deodorant Brands in Europe have different versions for Men and Women, by differentiating the products this way they have been able to capture a larger market share<br />
<br />
<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==Company Profile in Personal Care Market==<br />
<br />
===Unilever===<br />
<br />
====Strategic Evaluation====<br />
<br />
=====Unilever Group=====<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Name'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Unilever Group'''<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Headquarter<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Netherlands,England & Wales<br />
|-<br />
|Regionalinvolvement<br />
|WE, EE, LA, AP, MEA, AUS, NA<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Leading categoryinvolvement<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Deodorants,bath and shower, skin care<br />
|-<br />
|World beauty& personal care market share (2009)<br />
|6.8%<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Value growth (2008-2009)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|7.6%<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
=====Key Strategies and Operations=====<br />
<br />
1. '''Invest in Basic Products - '''Unilever is a global leader in categories which are generally described as commodities -examples include deodorants, bath and shower, shampoos and conditioners. Moving on, as the economic situation improves, these categories continue to have benefits as they have a much wider appeal for consumers in emerging markets.<br />
<br />
2. '''Leverage Economies of Scale - '''Unilever has consolidated its operations in terms of manufacturing, procurement and other relevant activities and intends to take full advantage of this. It aims to invest in products that can work globally rather than just in a few countries.<br />
<br />
3. '''Maintain Diversity - '''Unilever intends to focus on basic products that work globally, it still wants to maintain a diverse portfolio to accommodate different market conditions.<br />
<br />
4. '''Increased Competition - '''While Unilever has performed well with its compact and focused approach to growth, it faces increased competition in the market. L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal and Beiersdorf are identifying areas such as deodorants and body care, overlapping with Unilever. Moreover, Unilever faces competition from more competitively-priced private label.<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
====Competitive Positioning====<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Company name'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2005'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2006'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2007'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2008'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2009'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2009 % share'''<br />
|-<br />
|Procter & Gamble<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|11.7<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal Groupe<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|10.1<br />
|-<br />
|'''Unilever Group'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''3'''<br />
|align = "Center"|'''6.8'''<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Colgate-Palmolive Co<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|4<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|4<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|4<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|4<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|4<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|3.7<br />
|-<br />
|Avon Products<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|3.4<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Beiersdorf AG<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|6<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|6<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|3.3<br />
|-<br />
|Estée Lauder<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|3.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Johnson & Johnson<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|9<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2.9<br />
|-<br />
|Shiseido Co<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|2.5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
[[Image:competitive positioning1.png|centre|thumb|838×287px]]<br />
<br />
====Market Assessment====<br />
=====Unilever<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Deodorants Share Grows=====<br />
* Unilever is by far the market leader in deodorants, with an over 31% global share in 2009. The company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s closest competitor is Procter & Gamble, with a 10% share.<br />
* In the US, its largest deodorants market, Unilever launched four new deodorants each supported by substantial media advertising, marketing campaigns and promotions.<br />
* Unilever has captured the deodorants market by offering interesting products, a slew of launches and products that appeal to a wider consumer group, supported by heavy investment in advertising and marketing.<br />
* The markets to lead growth in absolute terms for deodorants are Brazil, Germany and India, all of which are led by Unilever, and the company is in a good position to benefit from the growth opportunities<br />
* Unilever is the market leader and its position is unchallenged, but strategic moves by its competitors could put the company under strong threat.<br />
* Deodorants is a strong category for Unilever and it should continue to spend on product development to beat the competition and keep its strong category leadership.<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
[[Image:M_0988.JPG|924×345|center]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
=====Category and Geographic Opportunity=====<br />
<br />
* Deodorants is Colgate-Palmolive<nowiki>’</nowiki>s fourth largest category in beauty and personal care, but the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s sales are predominantly derived from the US market, at nearly 30% of its global category sales. However, the US is projected to grow only marginally, by US$51 million, over 2009-2014 compared to US$548 million for Brazil, the highest in the world.<br />
* The two other leading markets to drive growth are Germany and India, where Colgate-Palmolive does not a significant presence.<br />
* Deodorants is projected to post robust growth and a few companies in the industry are expanding their presence in this category with the launch of products with additional features or breakthrough technology. Both Beiersdorf and L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal have launched deodorants within the natural/organic niche, but Beiersdorf has gone a step further stating that it has formulated a technology to control stress-induced sweat with its deodorants. Strong product launches combined with effective marketing campaigns can ease the competitive pressure for Colgate-Palmolive.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
===Colgate===<br />
<br />
====Strategic Evaluation====<br />
<br />
=====Colgate Palmolive Co=====<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Name'''<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Colgate Palmolive'''<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Headquarters<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|New York, USA<br />
|-<br />
|Regional Involvement<br />
|Global<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Category Involvement<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Oral care, bathand shower, hair care, deodorants, men<nowiki>’</nowiki>s grooming, baby care<br />
|-<br />
|World Beauty and Personal Care value share (2009)<br />
|3.7%<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|World Beauty and Personal Care value growth (2009)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|6.1%<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
=====Key Strategies and Operations=====<br />
<br />
1. '''International expansion - '''Colgate-Palmolive<nowiki>’</nowiki>s success in building a strong emerging market profile has helped its oral, personal and home care business weather the global financial storm, at least to date.<br />
<br />
2. '''Product innovation based on scientific study - '''As part of its <nowiki>’</nowiki>winning on the ground<nowiki>’</nowiki> strategy, Colgate-Palmolive aims to combat the threat from private label at a time when consumers are trading down through a greater focus on product development close to consumer needs.<br />
<br />
3. '''Strong marketing focus - '''Colgate-Palmolive<nowiki>’</nowiki>s strategy is to combine product development with strong marketing initiatives, across the globe.<br />
<br />
4. '''Product offering at different pricing tiers - '''While the focus is on premium products, Colgate-Palmolive also aims to offer a range of products at a lower pricing tier –in case consumers are looking to trade down.<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
====Competitive Positioning====<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Company name'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2005'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2006'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2007'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2008'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2009'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2009 % share'''<br />
|-<br />
|Procter & Gamble<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|1<br />
|align = "Center"|11.7<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal Groupe<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|10.1<br />
|-<br />
|Unilever Group<br />
|align = "Center"|3<br />
|align = "Center"|3<br />
|align = "Center"|3<br />
|align = "Center"|3<br />
|align = "Center"|3<br />
|align = "Center"|6.8<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''Colgate-Palmolive Co'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''4'''<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|'''3.7'''<br />
|-<br />
|Avon Products<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|6<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|3.4<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Beiersdorf AG<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|7<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|6<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|6<br />
|align = "Center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|3.3<br />
|-<br />
|Estée Lauder<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "Center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|5<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|7<br />
|align = "center"|3.1<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|Johnson & Johnson<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|9<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|8<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#8DB4E3"|2.9<br />
|-<br />
|Shiseido Co<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|9<br />
|align = "center"|2.5<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:competitive_positioning.png|thumb|centre|860×553px]]<br />
<br />
=====Global Consolidation=====<br />
[[Image:global consolidation.png|thumb|centre|386×580px]]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Market Assessment====<br />
<br />
*Colgate-Palmolive is too focused on oral care, which generates around 63% of its total revenue. While the company is the global leader in oral care, with nearly a quarter of value sales, oral care is also one of the most mature categories with its percentage growth projection below that of the industry average over 2009-2014.<br />
<br />
*Its three other categories following oral care are bath and shower, hair care and deodorants, respectively. Colgate-Palmolive has a good presence in Brazil bath and shower, one of the markets to drive growth in this category, but has yet to penetrate China and India, two other strategic markets to drive absolute growth in bath and shower.<br />
<br />
*Colgate-Palmolive will also benefit from expanding in deodorants, which has a robust growth projection. Competitive pressure is strong with not only Unilever controlling the market, but also players, such as Beiersdorf and L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal, making the category their key priority.<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Category and Geographic Opportunity====<br />
<br />
* Deodorants is Colgate-Palmolive<nowiki>’</nowiki>s fourth largest category in beauty and personal care, but the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s sales are predominantly derived from the US market, at nearly 30% of its global category sales. However, the US is projected to grow only marginally, by US$51 million, over 2009-2014 compared to US$548 million for Brazil, the highest in the world.<br />
* The two other leading markets to drive growth are Germany and India, where Colgate-Palmolive does not a significant presence.<br />
* Deodorants is projected to post robust growth and a few companies in the industry are expanding their presence in this category with the launch of products with additional features or breakthrough technology. Both Beiersdorf and L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal have launched deodorants within the natural/organic niche, but Beiersdorf has gone a step further stating that it has formulated a technology to control stress-induced sweat with its deodorants. Strong product launches combined with effective marketing campaigns can ease the competitive pressure for Colgate-Palmolive.<br />
<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:deo_growth.png|thumb|centre|804×261px]]<br />
<br />
===Competitors===<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====L'Oreal Inc====<br />
<br/><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align="center"<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<u>Parameters</u><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<u>Details</u><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Overview'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal is world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s largest beauty products company, it creates makeup, perfume, and hair and skin care items<br>* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal has a century of expertise in cosmetics with €19.5 billion consolidated sales in 2010<br>* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal 23 global brands across 130 countries<br>* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal filed 612 patents filed in 2010</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Business Segments'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* '''''Consumer Products:''''' High technology products at competitive price are distributed through mass-market retailing channels (Garnier, L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal Paris, Maybelline NY, Softsheen-Carson)<br>* '''''Professional Products''''': Portfolio of brands that meet the requirements of hair salons (L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal Professionnel, Kérastase, Redken, Matrix, Mizani, Shu Uemura Art of Hair, Keraskin Esthetics)<br>* '''''Active Cosmetics:''''' Dermo-cosmetics products sold in pharmacies and specialist retailers and supported by advice from pharmacists and dermatologists (Vichy, La Roche-Posay, Innéov, Skinceuticals, Sanoflore)<br>* '''''The Body Shop:''''' Naturally inspired and fairly traded products sold in over 2300 The Body Shop stores throughout the world<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Geographic Presence'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* The company currently has operations in over 130 countries across five continents</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Brands'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oréal Paris, Garnier, Maybelline New York, Softsheen, Carson, CCB Paris, L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal Professionel, Kerastase, and Redke, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Revenue'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* €19.50 billion (2010)</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Profit'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* €2.240 billion (2010)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Recent Developments'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* L<nowiki>’</nowiki>Oreal announces the reunification of the roles of Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer of the Group. Jean-Paul Agon was appointed the Chairman and CEO Sir Lindsay Owen-Jones Honorary Chairman</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
====Beiersdorf AG====<br />
<br/><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align="center"<br />
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<u>Details</u><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Overview'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* Beiersdorf Aktiengesellschaft engages in the development, manufacture, and marketing of consumer goods in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australia<br>* It is based out of Hamburg, Germany</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Business Segments'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* '''''Consumer Business segment:''''' It offers skin and beauty care products<br>* '''''Tesa Business segment: '''''It manufactures and sells self-adhesive systems and product solutions for industrial customers and consumers<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Geographic Presence'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* Company operates wholly owned subsidiaries in Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Mexico, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Japan, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Brands'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* Nivea, Eucerin, La Parairie, Florena, Slek, SBT & Hansaplast, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Revenue'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* €6.194 billion (2010)</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Profit'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* €318 million (2010)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Recent Developments'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* NIVEA brand recently completed "100 Years Skincare for Life".<br>* Focus on Skin Care, closer to Markets<nowiki>’</nowiki> strategy is designed to make the company even more competitive<br>* Focus its resources in selective skin care markets<br>* Global streamlining & harmonization of product portfolio by substantial investments in the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s skin and body care brands<br>* Beiersdorf appointed Peter Feld, formerly General Manager of Johnson & Johnson GmbH Germany, as the new Executive Board member</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
====Henkel AG & Co KGaA====<br />
<br/><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align="center"<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<u>Parameters</u><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<u>Details</u><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Overview'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* Henkel was founded in 1876<br>* The Dax-30 company is headquartered in Düsseldorf, Germany, and ranked among the Fortune Global 500<br>* Henkel employs 48,000 people worldwide, 80 percent of which work outside of Germany. Henkel is one of the most internationally aligned German companies</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Business Segments'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* '''''Laundry & Home Care:''''' The laundry products comprise heavy-duty detergents and special detergents. In fiscal 2010, the Laundry & Home Care business sector contributed 29 % of total company sales<br>* '''''Cosmetics / Toiletries''':'' Schwarzkopf & Henkel stands for brand-name products in the fields of hair colorants, hair styling hair care and form, toiletries, skin care and oral hygiene. Schwarzkopf Professional is one of the world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s leading suppliers of hair salon products. In fiscal 2009, the segment contributed 22 % of total company sales<br>* '''''Adhesive Technologies:''''' Henkel is the world market leader in adhesives, sealants and surface treatments for consumers, craftsmen and industrial applications. Henkel offers a multitude of applications to satisfy the needs of different target groups – consumers as well as craftsmen and industrial businesses. In fiscal 2009, the business sector contributed 48 % of total company sales<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Geographic Presence'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* With presence in 125 countries on five continents, Henkel engages in the majority of its business within Europe and North America</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Brands'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* Persil<sup> </sup>washing powder, Spee washing powder, Vernel/Silan fabric softener, Somat/Glist dishwasher tablets, Pril washing-up liquid, Schwarzkopf hair care, Schauma shampoo, Fa shower gel and deodorant, Diadermine skin and body care, Dial shower and hand soap, Loctite adhesives, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Revenue'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* €15,092 million (2010)</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Profit'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* €1,862 million (2010)<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Recent Developments'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* '''''Mar 2011:''''' Henkel was recognized with the European Diversity Leadership Honour Award in the Multicultural Working Environment category, the jury was particularly impressed by the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s commitment and transparency in the diversity domain<br>* '''''Feb 2011:''''' Henkel unveiled new company logo and slogan <nowiki>’</nowiki>Henkel – Excellence is our Passion<nowiki>’</nowiki>.<br>* '''''Jan 2011:''''' Henkel conferred "Best Supply Performance 2010" award to Firmenich and Symrise for their outstanding operational supply performance<br>* '''''Aug 2010:''''' CMO at Henkel Müller, responsible for the global retail business of the company<nowiki>’</nowiki>s hair cosmetics, skin and oral care segments, was awarded the accolade of "Chief Marketing Officer of the Year", in recognition of outstanding and innovative marketing achievements that have made a major contribution to corporate success</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
====Procter & Gamble Co.====<br />
<br/><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="80%" align="center"<br />
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|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<u>Details</u><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Overview'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* The Procter & Gamble Company was founded in 1837 and is headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio.<br>* P&G world<nowiki>’</nowiki>s largest multinational consumer goods company, Procter & Gamble Co. (P&G, NYSE: PG) is the 4th largest corporation in the world by market capitalization and is Fortune<nowiki>’</nowiki>s 6th Most Admired Company.<br>* P&G touches the lives of 4 billion consumers daily with trusted brands</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Business Segments'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* '''''Beauty and Grooming: '''''GBU offers female beauty products, including cosmetics, deodorants, female blades and razors, personal cleansing and skin care products, hair care products, and fragrances under the Head & Shoulders, Olay, Pantene, and Wella brands. It also provides electric hair removal devices, home appliances, male blades and razors, and male personal care products, such as deodorants, face and shave products, hair care, and personal cleansing products under the Braun, Fusion, Gillette, and Mach3 brands<br>* '''''Health and Well-Being:''''' GBU provides feminine care, oral care, and personal health care products under Always, Crest, and Oral-B brands; and snacks and pet food under the Lams and Pringles brands<br>* '''''Household Care:''''' GBU offers air care products, batteries, dish care products, and fabric care and surface care products under the Ace, Ariel, Dawn, Downy, Duracell, Gain, and Tide brands. It also offers baby care and family care products, under the Bounty, Charmin, and Pampers brands<br>* '''''Retail & Brands:''''' P&G sells its products through retail operations, including mass merchandisers, grocery stores, membership club stores, drug stores, department stores, salons, and high-frequency stores<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Geographic Presence'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* P&G products are available in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Brands'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* Tide, Olay, Pantene, Herbal Essences, Gillette, Always, Pampers, Crest, Braun, Pringles, Duracell, Secret, Old Spice, Hugo Boss, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Revenue'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* US$ 78.938 billion (2010)</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify"|'''Profit'''<br />
|align = "justify"|* -<br />
|-<br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">'''Recent Developments'''</font><br />
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|<font color="#000000">* P&G signed a binding offer with the Sara Lee Corporation to acquire Ambi Pur for €320 million. Procter & Gamble acquired the high end shaving chain called the Art of Shaving in line with its objective to expand in high end male grooming category<br>* Procter & Gamble has sold of its hair care brands to reduce its exposure to slow-growing businesses<br>* P&G also decided to dispose off its pharma unit, but it seems it finding it difficult to find a buyer due to the credit crunch. Procter & Gamble organized its beauty and grooming business unit around "Him and Her" to better connect with the male consumer section which has not received the same level attention as female consumers</font><br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
==SWOT of Colgate==<br />
<br/><br />
[[image:colgate_swot.PNG|center]]<br />
<br/><br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==LinkedIn Data Mining==<br />
<br />
===Growth of Employees in Sales & Marketing and R&D===<br />
[[image:6655_4.PNG|thumb|1153×415px|LinkedIn]]<br />
<br />
===Insights for Unilever===<br />
<br/><br />
[[Lateral Movement of Employees working in Unilever]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* Unilever<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Growth in terms of Sales and Marketing is more than the Industry average, this justifies its high sales and Market Leadership position across various categories<br />
* Unilever attracts talent from rival firms such as Kraft, Sara Lee, etc. However, after working in Unilever people generally go in for Consulting Organizations like Accenture, this shows the expertise they gain in the organization specifically in Supply Chain and Logistics<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
===Insights for Colgate===<br />
<br/><br />
[[Lateral Movement of Employees working in Colgate]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* Colgate spends quite less on R&D and hence prefers Acquisitions as preferred mode of expansion<br />
* However, the striking feature here is the shrinking employee growth rate in Colgate in Sales and Marketing as compared to its competitors<br />
<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
===Insights for P&G===<br />
<br/><br />
[[Lateral Movement of Employees working in P&G]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* P&G's personnel growth in Sales and Marketing as well as R&D is quite less<br />
* An interesting trend is the movement of employees from P&G into Hewlett Packard which is a core Technology Firm, this shows strong Technology Adoption Culture being followed in P&G<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
===Insights for Beiersdorf===<br />
<br/><br />
[[Lateral Movement of Employees working in Beiersdorf]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* Beiersdorf has been steadily reducing Personnel growth in its R&D department, hinting at heightening M&A Activity<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
===Insights for Henkel===<br />
<br/><br />
[[Lateral Movement of Employees working in Henkel]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<u>'''Key Insights'''</u><br />
* Henkel has an increased spend in Research and Development Activities which shows that strategies are directed towards product innovations<br />
* The attrition rate is low, that shows that Henkel is trying its best to retain its employees and job satisfaction is high<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==Recommendations==<br />
<br />
[[Image:R_123.JPG|centre|642×300px]]<br />
<br />
===Key Geographies for Deodorant Market===<br />
<br/><br />
====Western Europe====<br />
<br />
* Germany – It has the highest spend per capita in the world for deodorants. With a stable growth rate in the next 4 years, Germany remains an important place to have a presence. As Sanex already is there in Germany, with Uilever<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Sales and Marketing experience can take this brand even further ahead.<br />
* UK – Next best country after Germany for spend per capita. Usage is very high and is a part of daily habit. This market is exploited by many big and small players but still keeps the scope of new entrants with new product innovations. As people are very aware and used to deodorant as a category, continues new ranges and product innovation is where lies the key.<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
====Eastern Europe====<br />
<br />
In Eastern Europe Colgate has its presence with Mennen and Palmolive deodorants. But with no new product innovation in last few years and very less spent on marketing, these brands were ignored to an extent by Colgate. As per a report published on Colgate acquiring Sanex, one major reason behind this acquisition was to get R&D capabilities in Deodorant market which Colgate lacked initially.<br />
<br />
* Poland – Part of eastern market, which is growing at very high rate in the context of deodorants, Poland has the highest spend per capita, and an increasing projected value growth in deodorant markets.<br />
* Russia – Russia, because of the population is expected to have a high volume for deodorant sales, though it has low spend per capita, but the projected growth trend is stable and promising.<br />
* Hungary – Expected to grow in next two years but may get stagnant after that because of very low spend per capita on deodorants<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Consumer Insights===<br />
<br />
* Women still remain the driving point behind men using personal care items, thus the positioning should always be around attraction and sex appeal<br />
* One of the biggest turn off among women is men with dangling white residue from their underarms. No product in Europe till date is tackling this problem, and it can be treated as a new product innovation to invest into<br />
* In Russia, preserving feminity is of key importance, hence becomes the weak point to sell personal care products to Russian women<br />
* Secondary research on consumer behavior insights will be backed by [[media:112233.docx|Primary Research]] in key European markets <br />
<br/><br />
<br />
===Brand Positioning===<br />
<br />
* The key challenge for Colgate is that the parent company Colgate Palmolive is considered as a brand and not as a parent company with umbrella brands.<br />
* Nine out of ten people consider Colgate as an Oral care brand and not as a personal care brand.<br />
* As Oral care market is almost saturated and with Colgate having plans in exploring more categories, it becomes even more challenging.<br />
* Branding its individual brands separately is the biggest challenge Colgate is facing, the marketing attempts should be more focused to strengthening the Individual brands, being distributed by Colgate Palmolive, like in the case of P&G, Unilever and Reckitt.<br />
* Colgate is known for its continues innovations, and now after acquiring Sanex R&D Capablties, Colgate can explore newer markets and also can strengthen its existing brand – Mennen and Palmolive.<br />
<br/><br />
Tough Sanex brand positioning is also related to its premiumness, Sanex does not provide the emotional value to the customer. The positioning need to work upon and category may need to be chosen. As In deodorant brands multiple variants are possible, marketing tricks can be used to brand them separately in different markets as per needs<br />
<br />
* As per the positioning map there are two major emotional spaces, where there is good scope of growth and can be used to create a stronger positioning for that segment<br />
1) '''Sporty Appeal''' – Adidas being only player working in the category, and as per the consumer behavior report, Sports deodorants acted as a trigger in the deodorant sales, Sanex can have a variant in this category to cater the segment<br />
<br />
2) '''Masculine Emotional Space – '''Old Spice acts as an old premium brand in this category for last many years. Sanex (as it being a non premium brand) can launch a variant in this category as a mass brand, and can target those who aspire for masculine appeal<br />
<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [http://www.euromonitor.com/ Euromonitor]<br />
* [http://www.mintel.com/ Mintel]<br />
* [[media:3027409.pdf|Top 100 Cosmetic Manufacturers]]<br />
* [[media:2007_I.pdf|Global Deodorant Industry insights in 2007]]<br />
* [[media:Getdocument.pdf|European Deodorant Market Insight]]<br />
* [http://www.russiaretail.com/70111/Outlook-on-deodorant-market.shtml Outlook of Russian Deodorant Market]<br />
* [[media:Cb_russia.pdf|Consumer Behave Insights from Russia]]<br />
* [http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/152296/Brits-win-pong-contest.html?print=yes Consumer Behavior Insights from UK]<br />
* [http://www.bucharestherald.ro/dailyevents/41-dailyevents/21504-survey-two-toothpaste-tubes-four-bars-of-soap-and-one-deodorant-thats-how-much-romanians-use-in-a-year Consumer Behavior Insights from Romania]<br />
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/25/french-stereotypes-failure-wash Consumer Behavior Insights from France]<br />
* [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703696704576223112705412404.html Consumer Insights derived from a study conducted by Unilever]<br />
* [http://thefranknewsblog.blogspot.com/2010/07/news-from-body-shop.html Consumer Behavior Insights from a study conducted by Body Shop]<br />
* [http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/11/684/ European Commission - Press release Mergers: Commission approves acquisition of Sanex by Colgate]</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:World_Installed2.PNG&diff=10760File:World Installed2.PNG2013-03-18T04:43:37Z<p>Thungana.praveen: </p>
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<div></div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Wind_Energy&diff=10759Wind Energy2013-03-18T04:43:18Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Market Overview */</p>
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<div>This report presents a brief introduction to wind energy and technologies available for horizontal wind turbines. A detailed taxonomy for horizontal axis wind turbines is presented covering parts of the turbine, control systems, applications among others. A detailed landscape analysis of patent and non-patent literature is done with a focus on Doubly-fed Induction Generators (DFIG) used in the horizontal axis wind turbines for efficient power generation. The product information of major players in the market is also captured for Doubly-fed Induction Generators. The final section of the report covers the existing and future market predictions for wind energy-based power generation.<br />
[[Image:Wind_Flowchart.PNG|right|580px|thumb|Process Flow]]<br />
<br />
<br><br />
=Introduction=<br />
* We have been using wind power at least since 5000 BC to propel sailboats and sailing ships, and architects have used wind-driven natural ventilation in buildings since similarly ancient times. The use of wind to provide mechanical power came later.<br />
* Harnessing renewable alternative energy is the ideal way to tackle the energy crisis, with due consideration given to environmental pollution, that looms large over the world.<br />
<br />
* Renewable energy is also called "clean energy" or "green power" because it doesn’t pollute the air or the water. Wind energy is one such renewable energy source that harnesses natural wind power.<br> <br />
== Read More? ==<br />
Click on '''[[Wind Energy Background]]''' to read more about wind energy.<br />
<br />
In order to overcome the problems associated with fixed speed wind turbine system and to maximize the wind energy capture, many new wind farms are employing variable speed wind energy conversion systems (WECS) with doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). It is the most popular and widely used scheme for the wind generators due to its advantages.<br />
<br />
For variable-speed systems with limited variable-speed range, e.g. ±30% of synchronous speed, the doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG) can be an interesting solution. This is mainly due to the fact that the power electronic converter only has to handle a fraction (20-30%) of the total power as the converters are connected to the rotor and not to the stator. Therefore, the losses in the power electronic converter can be reduced, compared to a system where the converter has to handle the total power. The overall structure of wind power generation through DFIG as shown in the figure below.<br />
<br />
=Market Research=<br />
==The History of Wind Energy==<br />
<br />
To read about '''the History of Wind Energy''', '''[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=The_History_of_Wind_Energy click here]'''<br />
<br />
==Global Wind Energy Market==<br />
===Market Overview===<br />
* In the year 2010, the wind capacity reached worldwide '''196’630 Megawatt''', after '''159’050 MW''' in 2009, '''120’903 MW''' in 2008, and '''93’930 MW''' in 2007.<br />
[[Image:World_Installed2.PNG|center|600px|thumb|Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]<br />
* Wind power showed a growth rate of '''23.6 %''', the lowest growth since 2004 and the second lowest growth of the past decade.<br />
* For the first time in more than two decades, the market for new wind turbines was smaller than in the previous year and reached an overall size of '''37’642 MW''', after 38'312 MW in 2009.<br />
[[Image:New.PNG|center|600px|thumb|Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]<br />
* All wind turbines installed by the end of 2010 worldwide can generate '''430 Tera watt hours per annum''', more than the total electricity demand of the United Kingdom, the sixth largest economy of the world, and equaling 2.5 % of the global electricity consumption.<br />
* In the year 2010, altogether '''83 countries''', one more than in 2009, used wind energy for electricity generation. 52 countries increased their total installed capacity, after 49 in the previous year.<br />
* The turnover of the wind sector worldwide reached '''40 billion Euros (55 billion US$) in 2010''', after 50 billion Euros (70 billion US$) in the year 2009. The decrease is due to lower prices for wind turbines and a shift towards China.<br />
* China became number one in total installed capacity and the center of the international wind industry, and added '''18’928 Megawatt''' within one year, accounting for more than 50 % of the world market for new wind turbines.<br />
* The wind sector in 2010 employed '''670’000 persons''' worldwide.<br />
* Nuclear disaster in Japan and oil spill in Gulf of Mexico will have long-term impact on the prospects of wind energy. Governments need to urgently reinforce their wind energy policies.<br />
* WWEA sees a global capacity of '''600’000 Megawatt''' as possible by the year 2015 and more than '''1’500’000 Megawatt''' by the year 2020.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]<br />
<br />
===Global Market Forecast===<br />
* Global Wind Energy Outlook 2010, provides forecast under [http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Forecast_Scenarios three different scenarios] - Reference, Moderate and Advanced.<br />
* The Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity is estimated to reach 572,733 MW by the year 2030, under the Reference Scenario<br />
* The Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity is estimated to reach 1,777,550 MW by the year 2030, under the Moderate Scenario<br />
* The Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity is estimated to reach 2,341,984 MW by the year 2030, under the Advanced Scenario<br />
* The following chart shows the Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity Forecast,under the different scenarios:<br />
<br />
[[Image:Global_Forecast.PNG|center|618*363px|thumb|Global Cumulative Wind Power Capacity Forecast, Source: [http://www.gwec.net/fileadmin/documents/Publications/GWEO%202010%20final.pdf Global Wind Energy Outlook 2010]]]<br />
<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.gwec.net/fileadmin/documents/Publications/GWEO%202010%20final.pdf Global Wind Energy Outlook 2010]<br />
<br />
===Market Growth Rates===<br />
* The growth rate is the relation between the new installed wind power capacity and the installed capacity of the previous year.<br />
* With '''23.6 %''', the year 2010 showed the second lowest growth rate of the last decade.<br />
<br />
[[Image:World_Market_Growth Rates.PNG|center|600px|thumb|World Market Growth Rates, Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]<br />
<br />
* Before 2010, the annual growth rate had continued to increase since the year 2004, '''peaking in 2009 at 31.7%''', the highest rate since 2001.<br />
* The highest growth rates of the year 2010 by country can be found in '''Romania''', which increased its capacity by 40 times.<br />
* The second country with a growth rate of more than 100 % was '''Bulgaria (112%)'''.<br />
* In the year 2009, four major wind markets had more than doubled their wind capacity: '''China, Mexico, Turkey, and Morocco'''.<br />
* Next to China, strong growth could be found mainly in '''Eastern European and South Eastern European''' countries: Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Croatia and Cyprus, and Belgium.<br />
* Africa (with the exception of Egypt and Morocco) and Latin America (with the exception of Brazil), are again lagging behind the rest of the world in the commercial use of wind power. <br />
* The Top 10 countries by Growth Rate are shown in the figure listed below (only markets bigger than 200 MW have been considered):<br />
<br />
[[Image:Top_Growth_Countries.PNG|center|600px|thumb|Top Countries by Market Growth Rates, Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]<br />
<br />
==Geographical Market Distribution==<br />
* China became number one in total installed capacity and the center of the international wind industry, and added '''18'928 Megawatt''' within one year, accounting for more than 50 % of the world market for new wind turbines.<br />
* Major decrease in new installations can be observed in North America and the '''USA lost its number one position''' in total capacity to China.<br />
* Many Western European countries are showing stagnation, whereas there is strong growth in a number of Eastern European countries.<br />
* '''Germany''' keeps its number one position in Europe with '''27'215 Megawatt''', followed by Spain with 20'676 Megawatt.<br />
* The highest shares of wind power can be found in three European countries: '''Denmark (21.0%), Portugal (18.0 %) and Spain (16.0%)'''.<br />
* '''Asia''' accounted for the largest share of new installations '''(54.6%)''', followed by '''Europe (27.0%)''' and '''North America (16.7 %)'''.<br />
* '''Latin America (1.2%)''' and '''Africa (0.4%)''' still played only a marginal role in new installations.<br />
* Africa: North Africa represents still lion share of installed capacity, wind energy plays hardly a role yet in Sub-Sahara Africa.<br />
* Nuclear disaster in Japan and oil spill in Gulf of Mexico will have long-term impact on the prospects of wind energy. Governments need to urgently reinforce their wind energy policies.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]<br />
<br />
The regional breakdowns for the period 2009-2030 has been provided for the following three scenarios:<br />
;# [[Regional Breakdown: Reference scenario (GWEO 2010)]]<br />
;# [[Regional Breakdown: Moderate scenario (GWEO 2010)]]<br />
;# [[Regional Breakdown: Advanced scenario (GWEO 2010)]]<br />
<br />
''Note: To know more about the '''Forecast Scenarios''' [http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Forecast_Scenarios click here]''<br />
<br />
==Country-wise Market Distribution==<br />
<br />
* In 2010, the Chinese wind market represented more than half of the world market for new wind turbines adding '''18.9 GW''', which equals a market share of '''50.3%'''.<br />
* A sharp decrease in new capacity happened in the USA whose share in new wind turbines fell down to '''14.9% (5.6 GW)''', after 25.9% or 9.9 GW in<br />
the year 2009.<br />
* '''Nine further countries''' could be seen as major markets, with turbine sales in a range '''between 0.5 and 1.5 GW''': Germany, Spain, India, United<br />
Kingdom, France, Italy, Canada, Sweden and the Eastern European newcomer Romania.<br />
* Further, '''12 markets''' for new turbines had a medium size '''between 100 and 500 MW''': Turkey, Poland, Portugal, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Japan, Bulgaria, Greece, Egypt, Ireland, and Mexico.<br />
* By end of 2010, '''20 countries''' had installations of '''more than 1 000 MW''', compared with 17 countries by end of 2009 and 11 countries byend of 2005.<br />
* Worldwide, '''39 countries''' had wind farms with '''a capacity of 100 Megawatt''' or more installed, compared with 35 countries one year ago, and 24 countries five years ago.<br />
* The top five countries (USA, China, Germany, Spain and India) represented '''74.2%''' of the worldwide wind capacity, significantly more than 72.9 % in the year.<br />
* The '''USA and China''' together represented '''43.2%''' of the global wind capacity (up from 38.4 % in 2009).<br />
* The newcomer on the list of countries using wind power commercially is a Mediterranean country, '''Cyprus''', which for the first time installed a larger grid-connected wind farm, with 82 MW.<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]<br />
<br />
The top 10 countries by Total Installed Capacity for the year 2010, is illustrated in the chart below:<br />
[[Image:Top_Installed_Countries.PNG|center|600px|thumb|Top Countries by Market Growth Rates, Source: [http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf World Wind Energy Report, 2010]]]<br />
<br />
To view the Top 10 countries by different other parameters for the year 2010, click on the links below:<br />
;# [[Top 10 countries by Total New Installed Capacity]]<br />
;# [[Top 10 countries by Capacity per Capita (kW/cap)]]<br />
;# [[Top 10 countries by Capacity per Land Area (kW/sq. km)]]<br />
;# [[Top 10 countries by Capacity per GDP (kW/ million USD)]]<br />
<br />
To view the '''[[Country-wise Installed Wind Power Capacity]]''' (MW) 2002-2010 (Source: World Wind Energy Association), '''[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Country-wise_Installed_Wind_Power_Capacity click here]'''<br />
<br />
==Country Profiles==<br />
===China===<br />
<br>'''Wind Energy Outlook for China - 2011 & Beyond'''<br />
<br>Despite its rapid and seemingly unhampered expansion, the<br />
Chinese wind power sector continues to face significant<br />
challenges, including issues surrounding grid access and<br />
integration, reliability of turbines and a coherent strategy for<br />
developing China’s offshore wind resource. These issues will<br />
be prominent during discussions around the twelfth Five-Year<br />
Plan, which will be passed in March 2011. According to the<br />
draft plan, this is expected to reflect the Chinese<br />
government’s continuous and reinforced commitment to<br />
wind power development, with national wind energy targets<br />
of 90 GW for 2015 and 200 GW for 2020.<br />
<br />
For a detailed country profile of China please visit this [[China Wind Energy Profile Link]]<br />
<br />
===India===<br />
<br>'''Wind Energy Main market developments in 2010'''<br />
<br>Today the Indian market is emerging as one of the major<br />
manufacturing hubs for wind turbines in Asia. Currently,<br />
seventeen manufacturers have an annual production capacity<br />
of 7,500 MW. According to the WISE, the annual wind turbine<br />
manufacturing capacity in India is likely to exceed<br />
17,000 MW by 2013.<br />
<br>The Indian market is expanding with the leading wind<br />
companies like Suzlon, Vestas, Enercon, RRB Energy and GE<br />
now being joined by new entrants like Gamesa, Siemens, and<br />
WinWinD, all vying for a greater market share. Suzlon, however,<br />
is still the market leader with a market share of over 50%.<br />
<br>The Indian wind industry has not been significantly affected<br />
by the financial and economic crises. Even in the face of a<br />
global slowdown, the Indian annual wind power market has<br />
grown by almost 68%. However, it needs to be pointed out<br />
that the strong growth in 2010 might have been stimulated<br />
by developers taking advantage of the accelerated<br />
depreciation before this option is phased out.<br />
<br />
For a detailed country profile of India please visit this [[India Wind Energy Profile Link]]<br />
<br />
==Market Share Analysis==<br />
===Global Market Share===<br />
* Vestas leads the Global Market in the 2010 with a 12% market share according to Make Consulting, while BTM Consulting reports it to have a 14.8% market share.<br />
* According to Make Consulting, the global market share of Vestas has decreased from 19% in 2008, to 14.5% in 2009, to 12% in 2010.<br />
* According to BTM Consulting, the global market share of Vestas has changed from 19% in 2008, to 12% in 2009, to 14.8% in 2010.<br />
* According to Make Consulting, the global market share of GE Energy has decreased from 18% in 2008, to 12.5% in 2009, to 10% in 2010.<br />
* The market share of world no. 2 Sinovel, has been constantly increasing, from 5% in 2008 , to 9.3% in 2009, to 11% in 2010<br />
* The top 5 companies have been occupying more than half of the Global Market Share from 2008 to 2010<br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.make-consulting.com Make Consulting], [http://www.btmgcs.com/ BTM Global Consulting]<br />
<br />
The chart given below illustrates the Global Market Share Comparison of Major Wind Energy Companies for the period 2008-2010, as provided by two different agencies, Make Consulting and BTM Consulting:<br />
[[Image:Market_Share_Comparison.JPG|center|1171*459px|thumb|Global Market Share Comparison of Major Companies for the period 2008-2010<br />
, Source: [http://www.make-consulting.com Make Consulting], [http://www.btmgcs.com/ BTM Global Consulting]]]<br />
<br />
===Market Share - Top 10 Markets===<br />
* While Vestas is the Global Leader, it is the leader in only one of Top 10 markets, which is 10<sup>th</sup> placed Sweden<br />
* But, Vestas is ranked 2<sup>nd</sup> in 5 of Top 10 markets<br />
* Sinovel, ranked 2<sup>nd</sup> globally, features only once in the Top 3 Companies list in the Top 10 markets, but scores globally because it leads the largest market China<br />
* The table given below illustrates the Top 3 players in Top 10 Wind Energy Markets of the world:<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Market'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''MW'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''No. 1'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''No. 2'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''No. 3'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''China'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|18928<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Sinovel<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Goldwind<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Dongfang<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''USA'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|5115<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE Energy<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''India'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|2139<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Germany'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1551<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''UK'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1522<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Spain'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1516<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE Energy<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''France'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|1186<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Italy'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|948<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Canada'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|690<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE Energy<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|'''Sweeden'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|604<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1" colspan = "5"|''Source: BTM Consult - part of Navigant Consulting - March 2011''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
Source: [http://www.btm.dk/reports/world+market+update+2010 BTM Consult]<br />
<br />
==Company Profiles==<br />
<br />
# '''[[Vestas Wind Systems A/S]]'''<br />
# '''[[Suzlon Energy]]'''<br />
<br />
==Major Wind Turbine Suppliers==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="50%" align="center"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Turbine maker'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Rotor blades'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Gear boxes'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Generators'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Towers'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Controllers'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Vestas, LM<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Bosch Rexroth, Hansen, Wingery, Moventas<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Weier, Elin, ABB, LeroySomer<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Vestas, NEG, DMI<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cotas (Vestas),<br>NEG (Dancontrol)<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE energy<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|LM, Tecsis<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Wingery, Bosch, Rexroth, Eickhoff, GE<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Loher, GE<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|DMI, Omnical, SIAG<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|GE<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa, LM<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Echesa (Gamesa), Winergy, Hansen<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Indar (Gamesa), Cantarey<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gamesa<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Ingelectric (Gamesa)<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Direct drive<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|KGW, SAM<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Enercon<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Siemens<br>wind<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Siemens, LM<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Winergy<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|ABB<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Roug, KGW<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Siemens, KK Electronic<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Hansen, Winergy<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Suzlon,<br>Siemens<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suzlon<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Suzlon, Mita Teknik<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Repower<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|LM<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Winergy, Renk, Eickhoff<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|N/A<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|N/A<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Mita Teknik, ReGuard<br />
|-<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nordex<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nordex<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Winergy, Eickhoff, Maag<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Loher<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Nordex, Omnical<br />
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Nordex, Mita Teknik<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1" colspan = "6"|''Source: BTM Consult''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br clear="all"><br />
<br />
==Products of Top Companies==<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width=”42”|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Company'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Product'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Specifications'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|V80<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power: '''2.0 MW, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4-pole, '''Operating Temperature: -'''30°C to 40°<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]</u></font><br />
|V90<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 1.8/2.0 MW, '''Frequency :''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles :''' 4-pole(50 Hz)/6-pole(60 Hz), '''Operating Temperature: -'''30°C to 40°<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.vestas.com/en/wind-power-plants/procurement/turbine-overview/v80-2.0-mw.aspx#/vestas-univers Vestas]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|V90 Offshore<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 3.0 MW, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz/60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4-pole, '''Operating Temperature: '''-30°C to 40°<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.china-windturbine.com/news/doubly_wind_turbines.htm North Heavy Company]</u></font><br />
|2 MW DFIG<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 2.0 MW, '''Rated Voltage:''' 690V, '''Rated Current:''' 1670A, '''Frequency:''' 50Hz, '''Number of Poles :''' 4-pole, '''Rotor Rated Voltage:''' 1840V, '''Rotor Rated Current''' 670A, '''Rated Speed:''' 1660rpm;''' Power Speed Range: '''520-1950 rpm, '''Insulation Class:''' H, '''Protection Class:''' IP54, '''Motor Temperature Rise''' =<nowiki><</nowiki>95K<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:X9KReq0YEigJ:www.iberdrolarenewables.us/bluecreek/docs/primary/03-Appendices/_Q-Brochure-of-G-90-Turbine/Brochure-G-90-Turbine.pdf+gamesa+g90&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgldaLogi1i5Pg71zE-FO_AMqbeKL5wJiA8LVklgq5ev2in Gamesa]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|G90<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Voltage:''' 690 V, '''Frequency:''' 50 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4, '''Rotational Speed:''' 900:1,900 rpm (rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz); '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class:''' IP 54, '''Power Factor(standard):''' 0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power Factor(Optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]</u></font><br />
| N80<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage:''' 690V, '''Frequency:''' 50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems:''' liquid/air<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| N90<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V,''' Frequency: '''50/60Hz,''' Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]</u></font><br />
|N100<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 2.4 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Frequency: '''50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.nordex-online.com/en/products-services/wind-turbines/n100-25-mw Nordex]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| N117<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 2.5 MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Frequency: '''50/60Hz, '''Cooling Systems: '''liquid/air<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.converteam.com/majic/pageServer/1704040148/en/index.html Converteam]</u></font><br />
|DFIG<br />
|NA<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|11<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://geoho.en.alibaba.com/product/252321923-0/1_5MW_doubly_fed_asynchronous_generator.html Xian Geoho Energy Technology]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1.5MW DFIG<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1550KW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690V, '''Rated Speed: '''1755 r/min, '''Speed Range: '''975<nowiki>~</nowiki>1970 r/min, '''Number of Poles: '''4-pole, '''Stator Rated Voltage: '''690V±10%, '''Stator Rated Current: '''1115A; '''Rotor Rated Voltage: '''320V, '''Rotor Rated Current: '''430A, '''Winding Connection: '''Y / Y, '''Power Factor: '''0.95(Lead) <nowiki>~</nowiki> 0.95Lag,''' Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Insulation Class: '''H, '''Work Mode: '''S1, '''Installation ModeI: '''M B3, '''Cooling Mode: '''Air cooling, '''Weight: '''6950kg<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|12<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]</u></font><br />
|TW450XX (0.5-1 KW)<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 0.5 -1 KW, '''Rated Voltage: '''460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4/6,''' Ambient Temp.(°C): -'''40 to 50, '''Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed): '''68% to 134%, '''Power Factor (Leading): -'''0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90 , '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency: '''<nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|13<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|TW500XX (1-2 KW)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1-2 kW,''' Rated Voltage:''' 460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency:''' 50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles:''' 4/6, Ambient Temp.(°C): -40 to 50; '''Speed Range (% of Synch. Speed):''' 68 to 134%, '''Power Factor(Leading): -'''0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90, '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency:''' <nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|14<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.tecowestinghouse.com/products/custom_engineered/DF_WR_ind_generator.html Tecowestinghouse]</u></font><br />
|TW560XX (2-3 KW)<br />
|'''Rated Power: '''2-3kW, '''Rated Voltage: '''460/ 575/ 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50/ 60 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4/6, '''Ambient Temp(°C): ''' -40 to 50, '''Speed Range(% of Synch. Speed)''':''' '''68 to 134%, '''Power Factor(Leading):''' -0.90 to <nowiki>+</nowiki>0.90, '''Insulation Class: '''H/F, '''Efficiency:''' <nowiki>></nowiki>= 96%.<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|15<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/West-Branch-Wind-Turbine-Generator-Assembly-Plant.aspx Acciona]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|AW1500<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1.5MW, '''Rated Voltage: '''690 V, '''Frequency: '''50 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4, '''Rotational Speed: '''900:1,900 rpm(rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz), '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Power Factor(standard): '''0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power factor(optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|16<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.acciona-na.com/About-Us/Our-Projects/U-S-/West-Branch-Wind-Turbine-Generator-Assembly-Plant.aspx Acciona]</u></font><br />
|AW3000<br />
|'''Rated Power:''' 3.0MW, '''Rated Voltage: ''' 690 V, '''Frequency: '''50 Hz, '''Number of Poles: '''4, '''Rotational Speed: '''900:1,900 rpm(rated 1,680 rpm) (50Hz), '''Rated Stator Current: '''1,500 A @ 690 V, '''Protection Class: '''IP54, '''Power Factor(standard): '''0.98 CAP - 0.96 IND at partial loads and 1 at nominal power, '''Power Factor (optional):''' 0.95 CAP - 0.95 IND throughout the power range<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|17<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://gepower.com/businesses/ge_wind_energy/en/index.htm General Electric]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|GE 1.5/2.5MW<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|'''Rated Power:''' 1.5/2.5 MW, '''Frequency(Hz): '''50/60<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
= IP Search & Analysis =<br />
== Doubly-fed Induction Generator: Search Strategy ==<br />
The present study on the IP activity in the area of horizontal axis wind turbines with focus on '''''Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG)''''' is based on a search conducted on Thomson Innovation. <br />
===Control Patents===<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent/Publication No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="15%"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date<br>'''(mm/dd/yyyy)</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Assignee/Applicant'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6278211.PN.&OS=PN/6278211&RS=PN/6278211 US6278211]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|08/02/01<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Sweo Edwin<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Brush-less doubly-fed induction machines employing dual cage rotors<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6954004.PN.&OS=PN/6954004&RS=PN/6954004 US6954004]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|10/11/05<br />
|Spellman High Voltage Electron<br />
|Doubly fed induction machine<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7411309.PN.&OS=PN/7411309&RS=PN/7411309 US7411309]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|08/12/08<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Xantrex Technology<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Control system for doubly fed induction generator<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7485980.PN.&OS=PN/7485980&RS=PN/7485980 US7485980]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|02/03/09<br />
|Hitachi<br />
|Power converter for doubly-fed power generator system<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7800243.PN.&OS=PN/7800243&RS=PN/7800243 US7800243]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|09/21/10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Vestas Wind Systems<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Variable speed wind turbine with doubly-fed induction generator compensated for varying rotor speed<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|align = "center"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7830127.PN.&OS=PN/7830127&RS=PN/7830127 US7830127]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|11/09/10<br />
|Wind to Power System<br />
|Doubly-controlled asynchronous generator<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Patent Classes===<br />
<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Class No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Class Type'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Definition'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=F03D0009000000 F03D9/00 ]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IPC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Machines or engines for liquids; wind, spring, or weight motors; producing mechanical power or a reactive propulsive thrust, not otherwise provided for / Wind motors / '''Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combination of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven apparatus) '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://v3.espacenet.com/eclasrch?classification=ecla&locale=en_EP&ECLA=f03d9/00c F03D9/00C ]</u></font><br />
|ECLA<br />
|Machines or engines for liquids; wind, spring, or weight motors; producing mechanical power or a reactive propulsive thrust, not otherwise provided for / Wind motors / Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combination of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby (aspects predominantly concerning driven apparatus) /''' The apparatus being an electrical generator '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#&refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H02J0003380000 H02J3/38 ]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IPC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Generation, conversion, or distribution of electric power / Circuit arrangements or systems for supplying or distributing electric power; systems for storing electric energy / Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks / '''Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H02K0017420000 H02K17/42 ]<br />
</u></font><br />
|IPC<br />
|Generation, conversion, or distribution of electric power / Dynamo-electric machines / Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators / '''Asynchronous induction generators '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/ipcpub/#refresh=page&notion=scheme&version=20110101&symbol=H02P0009000000 H02P9/00 ]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IPC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Generation, conversion, or distribution of electric power / Control or regulation of electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils /''' Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc290/sched290.htm#C290S044000 290/044]</u></font><br />
|USPC<br />
|Prime-mover dynamo plants / electric control / Fluid-current motors / '''Wind '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc290/sched290.htm#C290S055000 290/055]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|USPC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Prime-mover dynamo plants / Fluid-current motors / '''Wind''' <br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc318/sched318.htm#C318S727000 318/727]</u></font><br />
|USPC<br />
|Electricity: motive power systems / '''Induction motor systems '''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.uspto.gov/web/patents/classification/uspc322/sched322.htm#C322S047000 322/047]</u></font><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|USPC<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Electricity: single generator systems / Generator control / '''Induction generator '''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Concept Table===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 1'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 2'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept 3'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Doubly Fed'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Induction'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Generator'''<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|doubly fed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|induction<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|generator<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|double output<br />
|asynchronous<br />
|machines<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|dual fed<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|systems<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|dual feed<br />
| <br />
| <br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|dual output<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| <br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"| <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Thomson Innovation Search===<br />
'''Database:''' Thomson Innovation<br><br />
'''Patent coverage:''' US EP WO JP DE GB FR CN KR DWPI<br> <br />
'''Time line:''' 01/01/1836 to 07/03/2011<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Concept'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Scope'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Search String'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''No. of Hits'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Doubly-fed Induction Generator: Keywords(broad)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Claims, Title, and Abstract<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|(((((doubl<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR dual<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR two) ADJ3 (power<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR output<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR control<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR fed OR feed<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) NEAR5 (induction OR asynchronous)) NEAR5 (generat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR machine<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dynamo<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR dfig or doig)<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|873<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|Doubly-fed Induction Generator: Keywords(broad)<br />
|Full Spec.<br />
|(((((doubl<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR dual<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR two) ADJ3 (power<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR output<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR control<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR fed OR feed<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) NEAR5 (generat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR machine<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dynamo<nowiki>*</nowiki>1))) OR dfig or doig)<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Induction Machine: Classes<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|US, IPC, and ECLA Classes<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|((318/727 OR 322/047) OR (H02K001742))<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|Generators: Classes<br />
|US, IPC, and ECLA Classes<br />
|((290/044 OR 290/055) OR (F03D000900C OR H02J000338 OR F03D0009<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H02P0009<nowiki>*</nowiki>))<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|align = "left" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|2 AND 3<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|109<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|align = "left"|2 AND 4<br />
|align = "right"|768<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|French Keywords<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Claims, Title, and Abstract<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|((((doubl<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR dual<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR two OR deux) NEAR4 (nourris OR feed<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR puissance OR sortie<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR contrôle<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) NEAR4 (induction OR asynchron<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) NEAR4 (générateur<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR generator<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR machine<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dynamo<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR dfig or doig)<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|262<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|German Keywords<br />
|Claims, Title, and Abstract<br />
|(((((doppel<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dual OR two OR zwei) ADJ3 (ausgang OR ausgänge OR kontroll<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR control<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR gesteuert OR macht OR feed<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR gefüttert OR gespeiste<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR (doppeltgefüttert OR doppeltgespeiste<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) NEAR4 (((induktion OR asynchronen) NEAR4 (generator<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR maschine<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dynamo<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR (induktion?maschinen OR induktion?generatoren OR asynchronmaschine OR asynchrongenerator))) OR dfig)<br />
|align = "right"|306<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Doubly-fed Induction Generator: Keywords(narrow)<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Full Spec.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|(((((((doubl<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR dual<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) ADJ3 (power<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR output<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR control<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR fed OR feed<nowiki>*</nowiki>3))) NEAR5 (generat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR machine<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR dynamo<nowiki>*</nowiki>1))) SAME wind) OR (dfig SAME wind))<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1375<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
| Top Assignees<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|(vestas* OR (gen* ADJ2 electric*) OR ge OR hitachi OR woodward OR repower OR areva OR gamesa OR ingeteam OR nordex OR siemens OR (abb ADJ2 research) OR (american ADJ2 superconductor*) OR (korea ADJ2 electro*) OR (univ* NEAR3 navarra) OR (wind OR technolog*) OR (wind ADJ2 to ADJ2 power))<br />
|align = "center"|-<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|11<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Combined Query<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|2 AND 10<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|690<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|12<br />
|Top Inventors<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|((Andersen NEAR2 Brian) OR (Engelhardt NEAR2 Stephan) OR (Ichinose NEAR2 Masaya) OR (Jorgensen NEAR2 Allan NEAR2 Holm) OR ((Scholte ADJ2 Wassink) NEAR2 Hartmut) OR (OOHARA NEAR2 Shinya) OR (Rivas NEAR2 Gregorio) OR (Erdman NEAR2 William) OR (Feddersen NEAR2 Lorenz) OR (Fortmann NEAR2 Jens) OR (Garcia NEAR2 Jorge NEAR2 Martinez) OR (Gertmar NEAR2 Lars) OR (KROGH NEAR2 Lars) OR (LETAS NEAR2 Heinz NEAR2 Hermann) OR (Lopez NEAR2 Taberna NEAR2 Jesus) OR (Nielsen NEAR2 John) OR (STOEV NEAR2 Alexander) OR (W?ng NEAR2 Haiqing) OR (Yuan NEAR2 Xiaoming))<br />
|align = "center"|-<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|13<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1" |Combined Query<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|((3 OR 4) AND 10)<br />
|align = "right" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|899<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|14<br />
|Final Query<br />
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki><br />
|1 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 11 OR 13<br />
|'''2466(1060 INPADOC Families)'''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Taxonomy==<br />
*''Use the mouse(click and drag/scroll up or down/click on nodes) to explore nodes in the detailed taxonomy''<br />
*''Click on the red arrow adjacent to the node name to view the content for that particular node in the dashboard'' <br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|<mm>[[Doubly_fed_Induction_Generator.mm|Interactive Mind-map|center|flash|Doubly-fed Induction Generator|600pt]]</mm><br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sample Analysis==<br />
A sample of 139 patents from the search is analyzed based on the taxonomy.<br />
Provided a link below for sample spread sheet analysis for doubly-fed induction generators.<br><br />
===Patent Analysis===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" |<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent/Publication No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2" width="105"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date<br>'''(mm/dd/yyyy)</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Assignee/Applicant'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Dolcera Analysis'''</font><br />
|-<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Problem'''<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#95B3D7"|'''Solution'''<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100117605%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100117605&RS=DN/20100117605 US20100117605]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|05/13/10<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Woodward<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Method of and apparatus for operating a double-fed asynchronous machine in the event of transient mains voltage changes<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|The short-circuit-like currents in the case of transient mains voltage changes lead to a corresponding air gap torque which loads the drive train and transmission lines can damages or reduces the drive train and power system equipments.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|The method presents that the stator connecting with the network and the rotor with a converter. The converter is formed to set a reference value of electrical amplitude in the rotor, by which a reference value of the electrical amplitude is set in the rotor after attaining a transient mains voltage change, such that the rotor flux approaches the stator flux.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100045040%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100045040&RS=DN/20100045040 US20100045040]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|02/25/10<br />
|Vestas Wind Systems<br />
|Variable speed wind turbine with doubly-fed induction generator compensated for varying rotor speed<br />
|The DFIG system has poor damping of oscillations within the flux dynamics due to cross coupling between active and reactive currents, which makes the system potentially unstable under certain circumstances and complicates the work of the rotor current controller. These oscillations can damage the drive train mechanisms.<br />
|A compensation block is arranged, which feeds a compensation control output to the rotor of the generator. The computation unit computes the control output during operation of the turbine to compensate partly for dependencies on a rotor angular speed of locations of poles of a generator transfer function, so that the transfer function is made independent of variations in the speed during operation of the turbine which eliminates the oscillations and increases the efficiency of the wind turbine.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090267572%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090267572&RS=DN/20090267572 US20090267572]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|10/29/09<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Woodward<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Current limitation for a double-fed asynchronous machine<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Abnormal currents can damage the windings in the doubly- fed induction generator. Controlling these currents with the subordinate current controllers cannot be an efficient way to extract the maximum amount of active power.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|The method involves delivering or receiving of a maximum permissible reference value of an active power during an operation of a double-fed asynchronous machine, where predetermined active power and reactive power reference values are limited to a calculated maximum permissible active and reactive power reference values, and hence ensures reliable regulated effect and reactive power without affecting the power adjustment, the rotor is electrically connected to a pulse-controlled inverter by slip rings with a static frequency changer, and thus a tension with variable amplitude and frequency is imposed in the rotor.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008944%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008944&RS=DN/20090008944 US20090008944]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|01/08/09<br />
|Universidad Publica De Navarra<br />
|Method and system of control of the converter of an electricity generation facility connected to an electricity network in the presence of voltage sags in said network<br />
|Double-fed asynchronous generators are very sensitive to the faults that may arise in the electricity network, such as voltage sags. During the sag conditions the current which appears in said converter may reach very high values, and may even destroy it.<br />
|During the event of a voltage sag occurring, the converter imposes a new set point current which is the result of adding to the previous set point current a new term, called demagnetizing current, It is proportional to a value of free flow of a generator stator. A difference between a value of a magnetic flow in the stator of the generator and a value of a stator flow associated to a direct component of a stator voltage is estimated. A value of a preset calculated difference is multiplied by a factor for producing the demagnetizing current.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7355295.PN.&OS=PN/7355295&RS=PN/7355295 US7355295]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|04/08/08<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Ingeteam Energy<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Variable speed wind turbine having an exciter machine and a power converter not connected to the grid<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|a) The active switching of the semiconductors of the grid side converter injects undesirable high frequency harmonics to the grid.<br>b) The use of power electronic converters (4) connected to the grid (9) causes harmonic distortion of the network voltage.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Providing the way that power is only delivered to the grid through the stator of the doubly fed induction generator, avoiding undesired harmonic distortion. <br>Grid Flux Orientation (GFO) is used to accurately control the power injected to the grid. An advantage of this control system is that it does not depend on machine parameters, which may vary significantly, and theoretical machine models, avoiding the use of additional adjusting loops and achieving a better power quality fed into the utility grid.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080203978%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080203978&RS=DN/20080203978 US20080203978]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|08/28/08<br />
|Semikron<br />
|Frequency converter for a double-fed asynchronous generator with variable power output and method for its operation<br />
|Optislip circuit with a resistor is used when speed is above synchronous speed, results in heating the resistor and thus the generator leads to limitation of operation in super synchronous range which results in tower fluctuations.<br />
|Providing a back-to-back converter which contains the inverter circuit has direct current (DC) inputs, DC outputs, and a rotor-rectifier connected to a rotor of a dual feed asynchronous generator. A mains inverter is connected to a power grid, and an intermediate circuit connects one of the DC inputs with the DC outputs. The intermediate circuit has a semiconductor switch between the DC outputs, an intermediate circuit condenser between the DC inputs, and a diode provided between the semiconductor switch and the condenser. Thus the system is allowed for any speed of wind and reduces the tower fluctuations.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070210651%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070210651&RS=DN/20070210651 US20070210651]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|09/13/07<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Hitachi<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Power converter for doubly-fed power generator system<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|During the ground faults, excess currents is induced in the secondary windings and flows into power converter connected to secondary side and may damage the power converter. Conventional methods of increasing the capacity of the power converter increases system cost, degrade the system and takes time to activate the system to supply power again.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|The generator provided with a excitation power converter connected to secondary windings of a doubly-fed generator via impedance e.g. reactor, and a diode rectifier connected in parallel to the second windings of the doubly-fed generator via another impedance. A direct current link of the rectifier is connected in parallel to a DC link of the converter. A controller outputs an on-command to a power semiconductor switching element of the converter if a value of current flowing in the power semiconductor switching element is a predetermined value or larger.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070132248%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070132248&RS=DN/20070132248 US20070132248]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|06/14/07<br />
|General Electric<br />
|System and method of operating double fed induction generators<br />
|Wind turbines with double fed induction generators are sensitive to grid faults. Conventional methods are not effective to reduce the shaft stress during grid faults and slow response and using dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is cost expensive.<br />
|The protection system has a controlled impedance device. Impedance device has bidirectional semiconductors such triac, assembly of thyristors or anti-parallel thyristors. Each of the controlled impedance devices is coupled between a respective phase of a stator winding of a double fed induction generator and a respective phase of a grid side converter. The protection system also includes a controller configured for coupling and decoupling impedance in one or more of the controlled impedance devices in response to changes in utility grid voltage and a utility grid current. High impedance is offered to the grid during network faults to isolate the dual fed wind turbine generator.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060192390%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060192390&RS=DN/20060192390 US20060192390]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|08/31/06<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Gamesa Innovation<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Control and protection of a doubly-fed induction generator system<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|A short-circuit in the grid causes the generator to feed high stator-currents into the short-circuit and the rotor-currents increase very rapidly which cause damage to the power-electronic components of the converter connecting the rotor windings with the rotor-inverter.<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|The converter is provided with a clamping unit which is triggered from a non-operation state to an operation state, during detection of over-current in the rotor windings. The clamping unit comprises passive voltage-dependent resistor element for providing a clamping voltage over the rotor windings when the clamping unit is triggered.<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220050189896%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20050189896&RS=DN/20050189896 US20050189896]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|09/01/05<br />
|ABB Research<br />
|Method for controlling doubly-fed machine<br />
|Controlling the double fed machines on the basis of inverter control to implement the targets set for the machine, this model is extremely complicated and includes numerous parameters that are often to be determined.<br />
|A method is provided to use a standard scalar-controlled frequency converter for machine control. A frequency reference for the inverter with a control circuit, and reactive power reference are set for the machine. A rotor current compensation reference is set based on reactive power reference and reactive power. A scalar-controlled inverter is controlled for producing voltage for the rotor of the machine, based on the set frequency reference and rotor current compensation reference.<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
Click '''[[Media:Doublyfed_induction_generator1.xls| here]]''' to view the detailed analysis sheet for doubly-fed induction generators patent analysis.<br />
<br />
===Article Analysis===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S.No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="105"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date<br>'''(mm/dd/yyyy)</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Journal/Conference'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Dolcera Summary'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1709031&queryText=Study+on+the+Control+of+DFIG+and+Its+Responses+to+Grid+Disturbances&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+All Study on the Control of DFIG and its Responses to Grid Disturbances ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|01/01/06<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE <br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Presented dynamic model of the DFIG, including mechanical model, generator model, and PWM voltage source converters. Vector control strategies adapted for both the RSC and GSC to control speed and reactive power independently. Control designing methods, such as pole-placement method and the internal model control are used. MATLAB/Simulink is used for simulation. <br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1649950&queryText=Application+of+Matrix+Converter+for+Variable+Speed+Wind+Turbine+Driving+an+Doubly+Fed+Induction+Generator&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+All Application of Matrix Converter for Variable Speed Wind Turbine Driving an Doubly Fed Induction Generator ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|05/23/06<br />
|Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, 2006. SPEEDAM 2006. <br />
|A matrix converter is replaced with back to back converter in a variable speed wind turbine using doubly fed induction generator. Stable operation is achieved by stator flux oriented control technique and the system operated in both sub and super synchronous modes, achieved good results. <br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4778305&queryText=Optimal+Power+Control+Strategy+of+Maximizing+Wind+Energy+Tracking+and+Conversion+for+VSCF+Doubly+Fed+Induction+Generator+System&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+Al Optimal Power Control Strategy of Maximizing Wind Energy Tracking and Conversion for VSCF Doubly Fed Induction Generator System ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|08/14/06<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006. IPEMC 2006. CES/IEEE 5th International <br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Proposed a new optimal control strategy of maximum wind power extraction strategies and testified by simulation. The control algorithm also used to minimize the losses in the generator. The dual passage excitation control strategy is applied to decouple the active and reactive powers. With this control system, the simulation results show the good robustness and high generator efficiency is achieved. <br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:HqaFsMBhchcJ:iris.elf.stuba.sk/JEEEC/data/pdf/3_108-8.pdf+A+TORQUE+TRACKING+CONTROL+ALGORITHM+FOR+DOUBLY–FED+INDUCTION+GENERATOR&hl=enπd=bl&srcid=ADGEESgbHXoAbKe4O7b5DnykDc7h_LaHwCMIhkVrGX_whx4iUuE4Mc-3Rfq1DyW_h A Torque Tracking Control algorithm for Doubly–fed Induction Generator ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|01/01/08<br />
|Journal of Electrical Engineering<br />
|Proposed a torque tracking control algorithm for Doubly fed induction generator using PI controllers. It is achieved by controlling the rotor currents and using a stator voltage vector reference frame. <br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4651578&queryText=Fault+Ride+Through+Capability+Improvement+Of+Wind+Farms+Usind+Doubly+Fed+Induciton+Generator&openedRefinements=*&searchField=Search+All Fault Ride Through Capability Improvement Of Wind Farms Using Doubly Fed Induction Generator ]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|09/04/08<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2008. UPEC 2008. 43rd International <br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|An active diode bridge crowbar switch presented to improve fault ride through capability of DIFG. Showed different parameters related to crowbar such a crowbar resistance, power loss, temperature and time delay for deactivation during fault. <br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
Click '''[[Media:Doublyfed_induction_generators1.xls| here]]''' to view the detailed analysis sheet for doubly-fed induction generators article analysis.<br />
<br><br />
<br />
===Top Cited Patents===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Patent/Publication No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="105"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date'''<br>(mm/dd/yyyy)</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Assignee/Applicant'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Citation Count'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5289041.PN.&OS=PN/5289041&RS=PN/5289041 US5289041]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|02/22/94<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|US Windpower<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Speed control system for a variable speed wind turbine<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|80<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4982147.PN.&OS=PN/4982147&RS=PN/4982147 US4982147]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|01/01/91<br />
|Oregon State<br />
|Power factor motor control system<br />
|align = "center"|62<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5028804.PN.&OS=PN/5028804&RS=PN/5028804 US5028804]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|07/02/91<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Oregon State<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Brushless doubly-fed generator control system<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|51<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5239251.PN.&OS=PN/5239251&RS=PN/5239251 US5239251]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|08/24/93<br />
|Oregon State<br />
|Brushless doubly-fed motor control system<br />
|align = "center"|49<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6856038.PN.&OS=PN/6856038&RS=PN/6856038 US6856038]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|02/15/05<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Vestas Wind Systems<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Variable speed wind turbine having a matrix converter<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|43<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=1999029034 WO1999029034]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|06/10/99<br />
|Asea Brown<br />
|A method and a system for speed control of a rotating electrical machine with flux composed of two quantities<br />
|align = "center"|36<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=1999019963 WO1999019963]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|04/22/99<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Asea Brown<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Rotating electric machine<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|36<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7015595.PN.&OS=PN/7015595&RS=PN/7015595 US7015595]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|03/21/06<br />
|Vestas Wind Systems<br />
|Variable speed wind turbine having a passive grid side rectifier with scalar power control and dependent pitch control<br />
|align = "center"|34<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4763058.PN.&OS=PN/4763058&RS=PN/4763058 US4763058]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|08/09/88<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Siemens<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Method and apparatus for determining the flux angle of rotating field machine or for position-oriented operation of the machine<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|32<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7095131.PN.&OS=PN/7095131&RS=PN/7095131 US7095131]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|08/22/06<br />
|General Electric<br />
|Variable speed wind turbine generator<br />
|align = "center"|25<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
===Top Cited Articles===<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" width="38"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''S. No.'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Title'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Publication Date'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Journal/Conference'''</font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|<font color="#FFFFFF">'''Citations Count'''</font><br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|1<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=502360 Doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters and its application to variable-speed wind-energy generation]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|May. 1996<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IEEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|906<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|2<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=999610 Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|May. 2002<br />
|IEEE Industry Applications Magazine<br />
|align = "center"|508<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|3<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=1198317 Dynamic modeling of doubly fed induction generator wind turbines]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|May. 2003<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IEEE Transactions on Power Systems<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|274<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|4<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1201089 Modeling and control of a wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generator]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Jun. 2003<br />
|IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion<br />
|align = "center"|271<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|5<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/60/30892/01432858.pdf?arnumber=1432858 Ride through of wind turbines with doubly-fed induction generator during a voltage dip]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Jun. 2005<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|246<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|6<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=970114 Dynamic modeling of a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|July. 2001<br />
|IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, 2001<br />
|align = "center"|196<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|7<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1597345 Modeling of the wind turbine with a doubly fed induction generator for grid integration studies]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Mar. 2006<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|174<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|8<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=543631 A doubly fed induction generator using back-to-back PWM converters supplying an isolated load from a variable speed wind turbine]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Sept. 1996<br />
|IEEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications<br />
|align = "center"|150<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|9<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?&arnumber=1432853 Doubly fed induction generator model for transient stability analysis]</u></font><br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|Jun. 2005<br />
|bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion<br />
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DCE6F1"|106<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|align = "center"|10<br />
|<font color="#0000FF"><u>[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1677655 Control of a doubly fed induction generator in a wind turbine during grid fault ride-through]</u></font><br />
|align = "center"|Sept. 2006<br />
|IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion<br />
|align = "center"|112<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===White Space Analysis===<br />
* White-space analysis provides the technology growth and gaps in the technology where further R&D can be done to gain competitive edge and to carry out incremental innovation.<br />
* Dolcera provides White Space Analysis in different dimensions. Based on Product, Market, Method of Use, Capabilities or Application or Business Area and defines the exact categories within the dimension.<br />
* Below table shows a sample representation of white space analysis for controlling DFIG parameters with converters, based on the sample analysis.<br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="14" width="20%"<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''White Space of converters used to control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Active power'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Reactive Power'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Decoupled P-Q control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Field oriented control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Direct torque control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Speed control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Frequency Control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Pitch control'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''PWM Technique'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Low voltage ride through'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Network fault/Grid fault'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Faults'''</font></center><br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Temp control'''</font></center><br />
<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Grid Side active converters'''</font></center><br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052394%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052394&RS=DN/20070052394 US20070052394A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060028025%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060028025&RS=DN/20060028025 US20060028025A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100148508%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100148508&RS=DN/20100148508 US20100148508A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100133816%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100133816&RS=DN/20100133816 US20100133816A1]<br />
[http://v3.espacenet.com/searchResults?NUM=EP2166226A1&DB=EPODOC&submitted=true&locale=en_V3&ST=number&compact=false EP2166226A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070132248%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070132248&RS=DN/20070132248 US20070132248A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052394%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052394&RS=DN/20070052394 US20070052394A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100096853%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100096853&RS=DN/20100096853 US20100096853A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100114388%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100114388&RS=DN/20100114388 US20100114388A1]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008938%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008938&RS=DN/20090008938 US20090008938A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2010079234 WO2010079234A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090230689%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090230689&RS=DN/20090230689 US20090230689A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090206606%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090206606&RS=DN/20090206606 US20090206606A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070024247%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070024247&RS=DN/20070024247 US20070024247A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090206606%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090206606&RS=DN/20090206606 US20090206606A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080129050%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080129050&RS=DN/20080129050 US20080129050A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100156192%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100156192&RS=DN/20100156192 US20100156192A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070182383%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070182383&RS=DN/20070182383 US20070182383A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100002475%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100002475&RS=DN/20100002475 US20100002475A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080296898%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080296898&RS=DN/20080296898 US20080296898A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070273155%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070273155&RS=DN/20070273155 US20070273155A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070278797%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070278797&RS=DN/20070278797 US20070278797A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052244%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052244&RS=DN/20070052244 US20070052244A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070024059%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070024059&RS=DN/20070024059 US20070024059A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060238929%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060238929&RS=DN/20060238929 US20060238929A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070177314%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070177314&RS=DN/20070177314 US20070177314A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://v3.espacenet.com/searchResults?NUM=EP2166226A1&DB=EPODOC&submitted=true&locale=en_V3&ST=number&compact=false EP2166226A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090121483%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090121483&RS=DN/20090121483 US20090121483A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008938%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008938&RS=DN/20090008938 US20090008938A1]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Grid side passive converters'''</font></center><br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030151259%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030151259&RS=DN/20030151259 US20030151259A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030151259%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030151259&RS=DN/20030151259 US20030151259A1]<br />
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|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030151259%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030151259&RS=DN/20030151259 US20030151259A1]<br />
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|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Rotor side converter'''</font></center><br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100142237%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100142237&RS=DN/20100142237 US20100142237A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052394%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052394&RS=DN/20070052394 US20070052394A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060028025%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060028025&RS=DN/20060028025 US20060028025A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100096853%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100096853&RS=DN/20100096853 US20100096853A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100148508%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100148508&RS=DN/20100148508 US20100148508A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100133816%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100133816&RS=DN/20100133816 US20100133816A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070132248%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070132248&RS=DN/20070132248 US20070132248A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052394%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052394&RS=DN/20070052394 US20070052394A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100114388%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100114388&RS=DN/20100114388 US20100114388A1]<br />
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|<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008938%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008938&RS=DN/20090008938 US20090008938A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=2010079234 WO2010079234A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090230689%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090230689&RS=DN/20090230689 US20090230689A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070024247%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070024247&RS=DN/20070024247 US20070024247A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080129050%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080129050&RS=DN/20080129050 US20080129050A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070182383%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070182383&RS=DN/20070182383 US20070182383A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100002475%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100002475&RS=DN/20100002475 US20100002475A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080296898%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080296898&RS=DN/20080296898 US20080296898A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070273155%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070273155&RS=DN/20070273155 US20070273155A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070278797%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070278797&RS=DN/20070278797 US20070278797A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080157533%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080157533&RS=DN/20080157533 US20080157533A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070052244%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070052244&RS=DN/20070052244 US20070052244A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070024059%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070024059&RS=DN/20070024059 US20070024059A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060238929%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060238929&RS=DN/20060238929 US20060238929A1]<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090273185%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090273185&RS=DN/20090273185 US20090273185A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070177314%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070177314&RS=DN/20070177314 US20070177314A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090121483%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090121483&RS=DN/20090121483 US20090121483A1]<br />
[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090008938%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090008938&RS=DN/20090008938 US20090008938A1]<br />
|-<br />
| style="background-color:#4F81BD;"| <center><font color="#FFFFFF">'''Matrix converters'''</font></center><br />
|<br />
| style="background-color:#ffffff;"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220020079706%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20020079706&RS=DN/20020079706 US20020079706A1]<br />
|<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070216164%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070216164&RS=DN/20070216164 US20070216164A1]<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090265040%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090265040&RS=DN/20090265040 US20090265040A1]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070216164%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070216164&RS=DN/20070216164 US20070216164A1]<br />
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<br />
== Dolcera Dashboard ==<br />
[[Image:dashboard_features.png|center|750px|]]<br />
<br />
'''Dashboard Link'''<br><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|'''[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=825 Doubly Fed Induction Generator - Dashboard] '''<br />
|width="100"|[[Image:dashboard_thumb.png|center|100px|]]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
*Flash Player is essential to view the Dolcera dashboard<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Key Findings==<br />
=== Major Players ===<br />
* [http://www.vestas.com/ Vestas Wind Energy Systems] and [http://www.ge.com/ General Electric] are the major players in wind energy generation technology.<br />
[[Image:Wind_Major_Players.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Major Players''']]<br />
<br />
=== Key Patents ===<br />
* The key patents in the field are held by [http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/wind_installed_capacity.asp US Windpower], [http://www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/RENEW/Wind/windhome.shtml Oregon State] and [http://www.vestas.com/ Vestas Wind Energy Systems].<br />
<br />
[[Image:wind_top_cited.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Key Patents''']]<br />
<br />
=== IP Activity ===<br />
* Patenting activity has seen a very high growth rate in the last two years.<br />
[[Image:ind_pat_act_3.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Year wise IP Activity''']]<br />
<br />
=== Geographical Activity ===<br />
* USA, China, Germany, Spain, and India are very active in wind energy research.<br />
[[Image:wind_geographical_act.png|center|thumb|700px|'''Geographical Activity''']]<br />
<br />
=== Research Trend ===<br />
* Around 86% patents are on controlling the doubly-fed induction generation(DFIG) which indicates high research activity going on in rating and controlling of the DFIG systems.<br />
<br />
=== Issues in the Technology ===<br />
* 86% of the patent on DFIG operation are focusing on grid connected mode of operation, suggesting continuous operation of the DFIG system during weak and storm winds, grid voltage sags, and grid faults are major issues in the current scenario.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Windenergyanalysis.jpg|center|1200px|thumb|'''Problem Solution Mapping''']]<br />
<br />
=== Emerging Player ===<br />
* [http://www.woodward.com/ Woodward] is a new and fast developing player in the field of DFIG technology. The company filed 10 patent applications in the field in year 2010, while it has no prior IP activity.<br />
<br />
=<span style="color:#C41E3A">Like this report?</span>=<br />
<p align="center"> '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' <br><br />
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "<br />
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]''' <br />
|-<br />
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
=References =<br />
{|border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"<br />
|-valign="top"<br />
|'''Background References'''<br />
# [http://www.brighthub.com/environment/renewable-energy/articles/71440.aspx Wind Energy History]<br />
# [[Media:windenergy.pdf| Wind Energy]]<br />
# [http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/index.cfm Wind Energy Basics]<br />
# [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html#inside How Wind Turbines Work]<br />
# [http://www.windpowertv.com/forum/index.php?topic=18.0 Different types of wind turbines]<br />
# [http://www.house-energy.com/Wind/Offshore-Onshore.htm Onshore Vs Offshore Wind Turbines]<br />
# [http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01335/wind%20Power.htm Wind Power]<br />
# [http://www.ehow.com/list_5938067_types-wind-farms-there_.html Types of Wind Farms]<br />
# [http://www.offshorewindenergy.org/ca-owee/indexpages/Offshore_technology.php?file=offtech_p2.php Offshore Technology]<br />
# [http://windsine.org/?act=spage&f=wind The Fundamentals of Wind Energy]<br />
# [http://windertower.com/ Winder Tower]<br />
# [http://www.thesolarguide.com/wind-power/wind-towers.aspx Wind Towers]<br />
# [http://guidedtour.windpower.org/en/tour/design/concepts.htm Wind Turbine Blades]<br />
# [http://www.wind-energy-the-facts.org/en/part-i-technology/chapter-3-wind-turbine-technology/evolution-of-commercial-wind-turbine-technology/design-styles.html Wind Turbine Design Styles]<br />
# [http://www.awewind.com/Products/TurbineConstruction/MainAssembly/RotorHub/tabid/81/Default.aspx Rotor Hub Assembly]<br />
# [http://www.gears-gearbox.com/wind-turbines.html Gearbox for Wind Turbines]<br />
# [http://guidedtour.windpower.org/en/tour/wtrb/yaw.htm The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism]<br />
# [http://guidedtour.windpower.org/en/tour/wtrb/yaw.htm The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism]<br />
# [[Media:windturbinegenerators.pdf| Wind Turbine Generators]]<br />
# [http://www.uni-hildesheim.de/~irwin/inside_wind_turbines.html Inside wind turbines]<br />
|'''Image References'''<br />
# [http://www.windsimulators.co.uk/DFIG.htm DFIG Working Principle]<br />
# [http://www.wwindea.org/home/index.php Country share of total capacity]<br />
# [http://www.atlantissolar.com/wind_story.html Wind turbine principle]<br />
# [http://www.windturbinesnow.com/horizontalaxis-windturbines.htm Horizontal axis wind turbine]<br />
# [http://www.solarpowerwindenergy.org/2009/12/25/types-of-wind-turbines/ Vertical axis wind turbine]<br />
# [http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8189 Pitch control]<br />
# [http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/8189 Yaw control]<br />
# [http://www.eco-trees.org/europes-biggest-onshore-wind-farm-goes-online/ Onshore Wind turbines]<br />
# [http://www.house-energy.com/Wind/Offshore-Onshore.htm Offshore wind turbines]<br />
# [http://www.solarpowerwindenergy.org/2010/04/02/parts-of-a-wind-turbine/ Wind turbine parts]<br />
# [http://www.windsolarenergy.org/map-of-best-locations-for-wind-power.htm Tower height Vs Power output]<br />
# [http://americanrenewableenergycorp.com/towers Tubular tower]<br />
# [http://www.mywindpowersystem.com/2010/03/wind-power-stats-quiet-critics/ Lattice tower]<br />
# [http://itgiproducts.com/energy/windTowers.asp Guy tower]<br />
# [http://itgiproducts.com/energy/windTowers.asp Tiltup tower]<br />
# [http://itgiproducts.com/energy/windTowers.asp Free stand tower]<br />
# [http://www.wind-energy-the-facts.org/en/part-i-technology/chapter-3-wind-turbine-technology/evolution-of-commercial-wind-turbine-technology/design-styles.html Single blade turbine]<br />
# [http://www.trendir.com/green/?start=15 Two blade turbine]<br />
# [http://www.china-windturbine.com/wind-turbines-blades.htm Three blade turbine]<br />
# [http://windturbinesforthehome.com/ Internal nacelle structure]<br />
# [http://syigroup.en.made-in-china.com/product/dbTQyzJOHYRi/China-Iron-Casting-Wind-Mill-Tower-Rotor-Hub.html Rotor hub]<br />
# [http://jiangyinzkforging.en.made-in-china.com/product/hewxIQjbgTpr/China-Wind-Turbine-Shaft-For-Wind-Power-Generator-ALIM2143-.html Shaft system]<br />
# [http://machinedesign.com/article/green-technology-inside-an-advanced-wind-turbine-0605 Gear box]<br />
# [http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html Anemometer & Wind vane]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=Contact Dolcera=<br />
<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani<br />
|-<br />
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=10758Main Page2013-01-30T14:00:45Z<p>Thungana.praveen: /* Business & Information Research Services */</p>
<hr />
<div>__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]]</font><br><br><br />
<font color="#0000FF"><font size = "4">[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]</font><br />
<br />
== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey; width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVUFcz2dpIM Video])<br />
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsZLUSPn3cg Video])<br />
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]<br />
* [[Non-wovens]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Smart Drug Delivery Systems]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vARe9eBFsq4 Video])<br />
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]<br />
* [[SC Johnson]]<br />
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4fI1rjPjSg Video])<br />
* [[Bio-PET]]<br />
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]<br />
* [[Antibody against TNF]]<br />
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives in packaging]] <br />
* [[Template - Production Of Therapeutic Glycoproteins|Production of Therapeutic Glycoproteins]]<br />
* [[Market Research Tools Landscape]]<br />
<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Landscape reports </b></font><br />
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]<br />
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]<br />
* [[Insurance sector]]<br />
* [[CDMA Basics]]<br />
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]<br />
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]<br />
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvZqBy8XvIE Video])<br />
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]<br />
* [[Transactional memory]]<br />
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]<br />
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]<br />
* [[Wind Energy]]<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>STN Search Reports</b></font><br />
* [[Markush Search Report]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dashboard</b></font><br />
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live] <br />
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]) <br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]<br />
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]<br />
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]<br />
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard_multicategory/dashboard.php?workfile_id=130 Opioid Dashboard]<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dashboard</b></font><br />
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]<br />
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]<br />
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live] <br />
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]<br />
<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>IP Valuation</b></font><br />
<br />
*[[Holographic Image Display]]<br />
|-<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search</b></font><br />
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]<br />
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]<br />
<font size = "3"><b> Study: In re Bilski Impact</b></font><br />
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]<br />
| valign = "top" |<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search</b></font><br />
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Chart Sample]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Clinical Trial Database===<br />
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]<br />
<br />
== Business & Information Research Services ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"| <br />
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
===Technology===<br />
|-<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[Strategic Insights:Heart Valve Replacement Market - India]]<br />
* [[Impact on Sales of a Drug going Off-Patent]]<br />
* [[Application of Conjoint Analysis for Total Knee Replacement Surgery Alternatives]]<br />
* [[Cancer Vaccines - Clinical Trial Analysis]]<br />
* [[Veterinary Vaccines Market Report]]<br />
* [[Olympus Corporation- Company Profile]]<br />
* [[Rx to OTC Switch-Market Analysis]]<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent - Market Analysis]], Company Profile:[[Boston Scientific - Company Profile |Boston Scientific ]]<br />
* [[Cardiac Pacemakers]]<br />
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]<br />
* [[Diabetes products and services]]<br />
* [[Drug Metabolism]]<br />
* [[Toxicology]]<br />
* [[Osteoporosis]]<br />
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]<br />
* [[Ureteral Stent]]<br />
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]<br />
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]<br />
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]<br />
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]<br />
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]<br />
* [[OTC vs. Prescription Drugs]]<br />
* [[Vaccines Market in Western Countries]], Company Profile:[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=GlaxoSmithKline_profile GlaxoSmithKline]<br />
* [[Gastrointestinal Endoscopy -Landscape Report]]<br />
* [[Asset Valuation Dashboard]]<br />
* [[Transplant Diagnostics (HLA) Market Landscape]]<br />
* [[Indian Pharma Industry - Distribution & Sales Force Structure]]<br />
* [[Breast Reconstruction Market Landscape]]<br />
* [[Lumpectomy and Mastectomy Trends]]<br />
<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]<br />
* [[LTE]]<br />
* [[Femtocells]]<br />
* [[HDTV in the US]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]<br />
* [[Web video]]<br />
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])<br />
* [[Samsung Company Profile |Samsung Electronics Company Profile]]<br />
* [[NFC Ecosystem]]<br />
* [[Virtualization]]<br />
* [[Cloud Computing]]<br />
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]<br />
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]<br />
* [[Patent Valuation]]<br />
* [[Automatic Faucets]]<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
<br />
===Finance===<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|<br />
===Others and CPG===<br />
|-<br />
| valign=top |<br />
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]<br />
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]<br />
| valign=top |<br />
*[[Technology Scouting: Water Purification]]<br />
*[[Deodorants Market Analysis: Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate]]<br />
*[[Partner in sales planning]]<br />
*[[Sports & Energy Drinks Market in Australia]]<br />
<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
| align = "top" |<br />
==== Dashboard 1.1 ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboarddemo/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)] <br />
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]<br />
* [[Dashboard Technical Specifications]]<br />
<br />
==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====<br />
<br />
==== IP and Products dashboard ====<br />
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard] <br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]<br />
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]<br />
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]<br />
<br />
==== Patent-pathway mapping ====<br />
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]<br />
==== Sequence dashboard ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]<br />
<br />
==== Design analysis ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]<br />
<br />
==== Innovation explorer ====<br />
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]<br />
==== KPort ====<br />
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]<br />
<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Buy Dolcera Reports ==<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
| align = "top" |<br />
<br />
* [[Landscape report for HEMT]]<br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in Foods]] <br />
* [[Variable Valve Timing - Sample]]<br />
<br />
==== Templates: ====<br />
<br />
<b> Food : </b><br />
* [[Nanoemulsions in foods]]<br />
* [[Campylobacter control in meat]]<br />
* [[Antioxidants form olive waste]]<br />
* [[phytosterol and phytostanols]]<br />
* [[Phospholipids and Sphingolipids of Milk]]<br />
* [[Cheese analog]]<br />
<br />
<b> Packaging : </b><br />
* [[Plastic aerosols]]<br />
* [[Dispenser with applicator]]<br />
*[[Biodegradable packaging for liquids]]<br />
<br />
<b> Cosmetics: </b><br />
*[[Enhanced bioavailability of skin whitening actives in topical applications]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>Dolcera Services Summary </b></font><br />
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera services summary]]<br />
* [[Dolcera Services|Dolcera services mindmap]]<br />
<br />
<font size = "3"><b>[[Technology Support]] </b></font><br />
<br />
<font size = "4"><span style="color:#C41E3A">Like any of these sample reports?</span></font><br />
<p align="center"> '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' <br><br />
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''</p><br />
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "<br />
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com <span style="color:#0047AB">Buy the customized report from Dolcera</span>]''' <br />
|-<br />
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]<br />
|-<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]<br />
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br><br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
----<br />
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani<br />
|-<br />
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]<br />
|-<br />
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493<br />
|}</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Questions_for_Reconstructive_Surgery&diff=10756Questions for Reconstructive Surgery2013-01-29T12:06:25Z<p>Thungana.praveen: </p>
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<div>'''Diabetic/Charcot Foot Surgeries'''<br />
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<br />
[[Image:Conservative treatment1.jpeg|left|thumb|550px]]<br />
[[Image:Reconstructive surgery1.jpeg|right|thumb|550px]]<br />
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* '''Question 1(Charcot Foot):''' If the above ideal case on the reconstructive surgery can be achieved, how much percentage of conservative treatment procedures can be converted to reconstructive surgery?<br />
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[[Image:Amputation.jpeg|left|thumb|500px]]<br />
[[Image:Reconstructive surgery1.jpeg|right|thumb|600px]]<br />
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* '''Question 2(Charcot Foot):''' If the above ideal case on the reconstructive surgery can be achieved, how much percentage of amputation procedures can be converted to reconstructive surgery?</div>Thungana.praveenhttps://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=File:Amputation.jpeg&diff=10755File:Amputation.jpeg2013-01-29T12:05:30Z<p>Thungana.praveen: </p>
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<div></div>Thungana.praveen