DolceraWiki - User contributions [en]

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T12:35:17Z

Rajivg: /* '''Search Strategy''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identify market players with prolific IP activity in the technology area
*Segment the players by the industry they belong to

'''Note''': ''This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the paid report contains.''

''[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information to purchase the report''

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

===US CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR ***) AND (A23C**** OR ***)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR ***) AND (42**** OR ***)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Food OR ****) AND (C12**** OR ***)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Food OR ***) AND (424** OR ***)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR ***) AND (A23****** OR ***)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND (C12R**** OR ***)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND (A23C**** OR ***)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****)) AND (C12R**** OR ***)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND (4C0*** OR ***)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND (4B0***** OR ***)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
The companies with IP in the area as categorized by their industry segments
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents (Sample Set)''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
*''Labels for all the charts below are available in the paid report.''
==='''Top Assignees'''===
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

==Dolcera Dashboard==
Assignees were categorized based on the type of their products viz. food,feed or beverage, biotech, pharma,other industries, research and educational institutions etc and their patents have been shown in the Dolcera Interactive Dashboard.

A data preview of the dashboard is shown below:
[[Image:dashboardclickfinal123.jpg|800px|center|Probiotic microorganisms in food]]

A chart preview of the dashboard is shown below:
[[Image:dashboardclickfinal345.jpg|800px|center|Probiotic microorganisms in food]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
* ''Some products with respect to this technology area were identified and mapped to the patents from their respective assignees.''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

File:Dashboardclickfinal345.jpg

2011-12-14T12:29:46Z

Rajivg:

File:Dashboardclickfinal123.jpg

2011-12-14T12:29:08Z

Rajivg:

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T12:27:34Z

Rajivg: /* '''Patent to product mapping''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identify market players with prolific IP activity in the technology area
*Segment the players by the industry they belong to

'''Note''': ''This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the paid report contains.''

''[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information to purchase the report''

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

===US CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
The companies with IP in the area as categorized by their industry segments
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents (Sample Set)''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
*''Labels for all the charts below are available in the paid report.''
==='''Top Assignees'''===
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

==Dolcera Dashboard==
Assignees were categorized based on the type of their products viz. food,feed or beverage, biotech, pharma,other industries, research and educational institutions etc and their patents have been shown in the Dolcera Interactive Dashboard.

A data preview of the dashboard is shown below:
[[Image:dashboardclickfinal123.jpg|800px|center|Probiotic microorganisms in food]]

A chart preview of the dashboard is shown below:
[[Image:dashboardclickfinal345.jpg|800px|center|Probiotic microorganisms in food]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
* ''Some products with respect to this technology area were identified and mapped to the patents from their respective assignees.''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T12:20:39Z

Rajivg: /* '''Class code definitions''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identify market players with prolific IP activity in the technology area
*Segment the players by the industry they belong to

'''Note''': ''This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the paid report contains.''

''[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information to purchase the report''

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

===US CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
The companies with IP in the area as categorized by their industry segments
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents (Sample Set)''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
*''Labels for all the charts below are available in the paid report.''
==='''Top Assignees'''===
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
* ''Some products with respect to this technology area were identified and mapped to the patents from their respective assignees.''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T12:19:49Z

Rajivg: /* '''Class code definitions''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identify market players with prolific IP activity in the technology area
*Segment the players by the industry they belong to

'''Note''': ''This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the paid report contains.''

''[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information to purchase the report''

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
The companies with IP in the area as categorized by their industry segments
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents (Sample Set)''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
*''Labels for all the charts below are available in the paid report.''
==='''Top Assignees'''===
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
* ''Some products with respect to this technology area were identified and mapped to the patents from their respective assignees.''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T12:18:00Z

Rajivg: /* '''Patent to product mapping''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identify market players with prolific IP activity in the technology area
*Segment the players by the industry they belong to

'''Note''': ''This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the paid report contains.''

''[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information to purchase the report''

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
The companies with IP in the area as categorized by their industry segments
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents (Sample Set)''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
*''Labels for all the charts below are available in the paid report.''
==='''Top Assignees'''===
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
* ''Some products with respect to this technology area were identified and mapped to the patents from their respective assignees.''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T12:14:42Z

Rajivg: /* '''Objective''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identify market players with prolific IP activity in the technology area
*Segment the players by the industry they belong to

'''Note''': ''This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the paid report contains.''

''[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information to purchase the report''

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
The companies with IP in the area as categorized by their industry segments
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents (Sample Set)''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
*''Labels for all the charts below are available in the paid report.''
==='''Top Assignees'''===
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:54:56Z

Rajivg: /* '''Objective''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identify innovative market players (IP activity) in the technology area
*Segment the players by the industry they belong to
*Map products of important players to their patents

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
*''Labels for all the charts below are available in the paid report.''
==='''Top Assignees'''===
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:51:59Z

Rajivg: /* '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
*''Labels for all the charts below are available in the paid report.''
==='''Top Assignees'''===
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:50:11Z

Rajivg: /* '''Top Assignees''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:47:39Z

Rajivg: /* Search methodology */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:47:25Z

Rajivg: /* '''Concept Table''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:47:05Z

Rajivg: /* '''Concept Table''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:46:37Z

Rajivg: /* F-terms and their definitions */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:46:24Z

Rajivg: /* F-terms and their definitions */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:46:04Z

Rajivg: /* F-terms and their definitions */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

*''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:45:46Z

Rajivg: /* '''Class code definitions''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

**''An indicative list of various class codes used for the IP search. View paid report for complete list.''

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:44:45Z

Rajivg: /* '''Concept Table''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==

*''An indicative list of terms to show how a concept table is generated. View paid report for complete list.''
*''Concept Table was enriched by searches related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and various thesauri''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

* This is not a complete table and is only an indicative of the actual Table in the Paid report.

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:42:01Z

Rajivg: /* '''Concept Table''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
*''Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus.''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

* This Concept table is only an indicative of the actual Concept Table in the Paid report, the actual Concept Table will look elaborated with all the possible synonyms for individual concepts .

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

* This is not a complete table and is only an indicative of the actual Table in the Paid report.

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:41:11Z

Rajivg: /* '''Class code definitions''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

* This Concept table is only an indicative of the actual Concept Table in the Paid report, the actual Concept Table will look elaborated with all the possible synonyms for individual concepts .

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|}

----

===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|}

* This is not a complete table and is only an indicative of the actual Table in the Paid report.

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:40:07Z

Rajivg: /* '''Concept Table''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

* This Concept table is only an indicative of the actual Concept Table in the Paid report, the actual Concept Table will look elaborated with all the possible synonyms for individual concepts .

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:32:00Z

Rajivg:

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
[[Click Here for Concept Table]]

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:31:08Z

Rajivg: /* '''Objective''' */

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
[[Click Here for Concept Table]]

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:30:14Z

Rajivg: /* '''Objective''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.

[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
[[Click Here for Concept Table]]

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:29:02Z

Rajivg: /* '''Objective''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

'''Disclaimer'''
This report is just a template and gives an indication of what the actual report will contain.
[http://www.dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=Gut_biology_and_probiotic_microorganisms_in_food_template#Purchase_Information Click here] for information about the purchase of this report

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
[[Click Here for Concept Table]]

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:25:49Z

Rajivg: /* '''Purchase Information''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
[[Click Here for Concept Table]]

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

*Email: [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
*Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T11:22:26Z

Rajivg: /* '''Patent to product mapping''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
[[Click Here for Concept Table]]

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

== '''Purchase Information'''==

Contact information for purchasing this report:

Email: info@dolcera.com
Phone: +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T10:59:01Z

Rajivg: /* '''Objective''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Identification of innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents were used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
[[Click Here for Concept Table]]

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T10:56:20Z

Rajivg: /* '''Search Strategy''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Finding out the innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents are used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
[[Click Here for Concept Table]]

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic OR *** AND A23C****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|((probiotic OR *** AND 42****)
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR **** AND C12****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR *** AND 424**
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR *** AND A23******
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR ***) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR ***)AND A23C****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ****))) AND C12R****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic or ***)) AND 4C0***
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR ***) AND 4B0*****
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions

2011-12-14T10:38:38Z

Rajivg: /* F-terms and their definitions */

Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions

2011-12-14T10:36:29Z

Rajivg: /* F-terms and their definitions */

Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions

2011-12-14T10:35:55Z

Rajivg: /* IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS */

Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions

2011-12-14T10:33:24Z

Rajivg: /* US CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS */

===US CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "7"|424
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC"|424/93.1
|colspan = "3"|Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing

|-
|}

----

===IPC CLASSES AND THEIR DEFINITIONS===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "20"|A
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "9"|Human Necessities

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "4"|A01
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A01N
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; Biocides, e.g; as disinfectants, as pesticides or as herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/00
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates

|-
|colspan = "6"|A01N 63/02
|Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals, e.g. nematodes, or substances produced by, or obtained from micro-organisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates=<nowiki>></nowiki>Substances produced by, or obtained from, micro-organisms or animals

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" rowspan = "10"|A23
|bgcolor = "#FFFFCC" colspan = "8"|Foods or Foodstuffs; Their treatment, not covered by other classes

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "3"|A23C
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Dairy products, e.; milk, butter, cheese; Milk or cheese substitutes; Making thereof

|-
|colspan = "6"|A23C 9/12
|Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations=<nowiki>></nowiki>Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using micro-organisms or enzymes

|-
|colspan = "5"|A23C 9/123
| 
|using only micro-organisms of the genus lactobacteriaceae; Yoghurt

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "5"|A23L
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "7"|Foods, Foodstuffs, or non-alcoholic beverages, not covered by subclasses A21D or A23B-A23J; Their preparation or treatment, e.g. Cooking, Modification of nutritive qualities, physical treatment; Preservation of foods of foodstuffs, in general

|-
|}

----
===F-terms and their definitions===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="70%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Theme definition'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''F-term definition'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|4B001
|rowspan = "2"|Dairy products
|align = "center"|AC31
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Lactic acid bacteria

|-
|align = "center"|AC50
|Materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Use of bifids (i.e., Lactobacillus bifidus bacteria)

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|4B035
|General preparation and processing of foods
|align = "center"|LG44
|Food or Additive materials=<nowiki>></nowiki>Milk and dairy products

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "5"|4B065
|rowspan = "5"|Microorganisms or cultivation processes thereof
|align = "center"|AA80
|Kind of microorganism=<nowiki>></nowiki>Saccharomyces cerevisiae

|-
|}

Click Here for Concept Table

2011-12-14T10:14:57Z

Rajivg: /* Concept table */

== Concept table ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

* This Concept table is only an indicative of the actual Concept Table in the Paid report, the actual Concept Table will look elaborated with all the possible synonyms for individual concepts .

Click Here for Concept Table

2011-12-14T10:13:56Z

Rajivg: /* Concept table */

== Concept table ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" rowspan = "2"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''English Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''German Keywords'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "4"|'''French Keywords'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Gut'''
|bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Biology'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Probiotic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Food'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Gut
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biology
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotic
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Food
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Darm
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotischen
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lebensmittel, Essen, Nahrung, Nahrungsmittel, Futter
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Intestin, Boyau, Corde De Boyau, Étriper
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Biologie, La Biologie, De Biologie
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Probiotique, Des Probiotique, Les Probiotique, De Probiotique
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Alimentaires, Nourriture, Alimentation, Aliment, Bouffe
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|Stomach
|Mechanism
|Probiotics
|Feed
|Magen
|Mechanismus
|Probiotika
|füttern, Zuführung, Beschickung, Viehfutter
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Estomac, Estomac, Caillette,
|Mécanisme De, Mécanismes, Mécanisme De
|Probiotiques, Des Probiotiques, Les Probiotiques, De Probiotiques
|L<nowiki>'</nowiki>Alimentation Animale, Aliments Pour Animaux
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|***
|-
|}

* This Concept table is only an indicative of the actual Concept Table in the Paid report, which will look elaborated with all the possible synonyms for individual concepts .

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-12-14T09:59:56Z

Rajivg: /* '''Objective''' */

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a technology landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

*Finding out the innovative market players in this technology area.
*Intellectual Property that these players hold is taken as a measure of their technological prowess in this particular area.
*Patents are used to point out the innovative and technologically advanced market players.

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
[[Click Here for Concept Table]]

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR synbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR symbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (probiotic ADJ2 (microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR micro ADJ2 organism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 or microbe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR AND A23C009123
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR synbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR symbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (probiotic ADJ2 (microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR micro ADJ2 organism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 or microbe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) AND 424439 OR 426620 OR 426623 OR 426625
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR Feed OR (Feed ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)AND C12R000146 OR A61K003574 OR A23C000912 OR C12R001225
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR Feed OR (Feed ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) AND 424931 OR 424933 OR 42409344 OR 42409345
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR symbioti<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR synbiotik<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR Probiotika OR (probiotischer ADJ2 organismus) OR (probiotischer ADJ2 organismen) OR (nützlichen ADJ2 Mikroben)AND A23C009123
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR Säuglingsfertignahrung OR Nahrungsergänzung) AND C12R000146 OR A61K003574 OR A23C000912 OR C12R001225
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR synbioti<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR symbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR (des ADJ2 probiotique) OR (les ADJ2 probiotique) OR (de ADJ2 probiotique) OR probiotiques OR ( des ADJ2 probiotiques) OR (les ADJ2 probiotiques) OR (de ADJ2 probiotiques)AND A23C009123
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ((préparations ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 nourrissons) OR (((les ADJ2 préparations) ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 nourrissons) OR (((des ADJ2 préparations) ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 nourrissons))) AND C12R000146 OR A61K003574 OR A23C000912 OR C12R001225
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR synbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR symbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (probiotic ADJ2 (microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR micro ADJ2 organism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 or microbe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) AND 4C087CA07 OR 4B035LG44
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR Feed OR (Feed ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) AND 4B001AC31 OR 4B001AC50
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

Main Page

2011-12-01T06:50:58Z

Rajivg: /* Intellectual Property (IP) Services */

__NOTOC__

[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]] 
[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]] 
[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]

== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey; width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|

===Technology===
|-
| valign = "top" |
 Landscape reports 
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])
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* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsZLUSPn3cg Video])
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]
* [[Non-wovens]]
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
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* [[SC Johnson]]
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* [[Bio-PET]]
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]
* [[Antibody against TNF]]
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives in packaging]]
* [[Template - Production Of Therapeutic Glycoproteins]]
* [[Market Research Tools Landscape]]
| valign = "top" |

 Landscape reports 
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]
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* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]
* [[Transactional memory]]
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]
* [[Wind Energy]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

STN Search Reports
* [[Markush Search Report]]

Dashboard
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live]
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]])
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]
* [https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard_multicategory/dashboard.php?workfile_id=130 Opioid Dashboard]
| valign = "top" |

Dashboard
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live]
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]

IP Valuation

*[[Holographic Image Display]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]
 Study: In re Bilski Impact
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]
| valign = "top" |

Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Chart Sample]
|-
|}

===Clinical Trial Database===
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]

== Business & Information Research Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|
===Technology===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Cancer Vaccines - Clinical Trial Analysis]]
* [[Veterinary Vaccines Market Report]]
* [[Olympus Corporation- Company Profile]]
* [[Rx to OTC Switch-Market Analysis]]
* [[Ureteral Stent - Market Analysis]], Company Profile:[[Boston Scientific - Company Profile |Boston Scientific ]]
* [[Cardiac Pacemakers]]
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]
* [[Diabetes products and services]]
* [[Drug Metabolism]]
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* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]
* [[OTC vs. Prescription Drugs]]
* [[Vaccines Market in Western Countries]], Company Profile:[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=GlaxoSmithKline_profile GlaxoSmithKline]
* [[Gastrointestinal Endoscopy -Landscape Report]]
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]
* [[Asset Valuation Dashboard]]

| valign=top |
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]
* [[LTE]]
* [[Femtocells]]
* [[HDTV in the US]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]
* [[Web video]]
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])
* [[Samsung Company Profile]]
* [[NFC Ecosystem]]
* [[Virtualization]]
* [[Cloud Computing]]
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]
* [[Patent Valuation]]
* [[Automatic Faucets]]
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|

===Finance===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|
===Others and CPG===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]
| valign=top |
*[[Deodorants Market Analysis: Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate]]
*[[Partner in sales planning]]

|}

== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
| align = "top" |

==== Dashboard 1.1 ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboarddemo/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)]
** [[Access details]]
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]

==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====

==== IP and Products dashboard ====
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]

==== Patent-pathway mapping ====
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]
==== Sequence dashboard ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]

==== Design analysis ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]

==== Innovation explorer ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]
==== KPort ====
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]

|-
|}

== Buy Dolcera Reports ==
* [[Landscape report for HEMT]]
* [[Nanoemulsions in Foods]]
* [[Variable Valve Timing - Sample]]

Dolcera Offerings summary 
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera offerings summary]]

[[Technology Support]] 

Like any of these sample reports?
 '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' 
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com Buy the customized report from Dolcera]'''
|-
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
|-
|}
 

----
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
|-
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493
|}

Main Page

2011-11-16T13:29:01Z

Rajivg: /* Buy Dolcera Reports */

__NOTOC__

[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]] 
[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]] 
[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]

== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey; width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|

===Technology===
|-
| valign = "top" |
 Landscape reports 
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVUFcz2dpIM Video])
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsZLUSPn3cg Video])
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]
* [[Non-wovens]]
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Smart Drug Delivery Systems]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vARe9eBFsq4 Video])
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]
* [[SC Johnson]]
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4fI1rjPjSg Video])
* [[Bio-PET]]
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]
* [[Antibody against TNF]]
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives in packaging]]
* [[Market Research Tools Landscape]]
| valign = "top" |

 Landscape reports 
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]
* [[Insurance sector]]
* [[CDMA Basics]]
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvZqBy8XvIE Video])
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]
* [[Transactional memory]]
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]
* [[Wind Energy]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

STN Search Reports
* [[Markush Search Report]]

Dashboard
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live]
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]])
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]
| valign = "top" |

Dashboard
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live]
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]

IP Valuation

*[[Holographic Image Display]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]
 Study: In re Bilski Impact
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]
| valign = "top" |

Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Chart Sample]
|-
|}

===Clinical Trial Database===
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]

== Business & Information Research Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|
===Technology===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Cancer Vaccines - Clinical Trial Analysis]]
* [[Veterinary Vaccines Market Report]]
* [[Olympus Corporation- Company Profile]]
* [[Rx to OTC Switch-Market Analysis]]
* [[Ureteral Stent - Market Analysis]], Company Profile:[[Boston Scientific - Company Profile |Boston Scientific ]]
* [[Cardiac Pacemakers]]
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]
* [[Diabetes products and services]]
* [[Drug Metabolism]]
* [[Toxicology]]
* [[Osteoporosis]]
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]
* [[OTC vs. Prescription Drugs]]
* [[Vaccines Market in Western Countries]], Company Profile:[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=GlaxoSmithKline_profile GlaxoSmithKline]
* [[Gastrointestinal Endoscopy -Landscape Report]]
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]

| valign=top |
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]
* [[LTE]]
* [[Femtocells]]
* [[HDTV in the US]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]
* [[Web video]]
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])
* [[Samsung Company Profile]]
* [[NFC Ecosystem]]
* [[Virtualization]]
* [[Cloud Computing]]
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]
* [[Patent Valuation]]
* [[Automatic Faucets]]
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|

===Finance===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|
===Others and CPG===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]
| valign=top |
*[[Deodorants Market Analysis: Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate]]
*[[Partner in sales planning]]

|}

== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
| align = "top" |

==== Dashboard 1.1 ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboarddemo/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)]
** [[Access details]]
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]

==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====

==== IP and Products dashboard ====
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]

==== Patent-pathway mapping ====
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]
==== Sequence dashboard ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]

==== Design analysis ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]

==== Innovation explorer ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]
==== KPort ====
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]

|-
|}

== Buy Dolcera Reports ==
* [[Landscape report for HEMT]]
* [[Nanoemulsions in Foods]]
* [[Variable Valve Timing - Sample]]

Dolcera Offerings summary 
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera offerings summary]]

[[Technology Support]] 

Like any of these sample reports?
 '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' 
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com Buy the customized report from Dolcera]'''
|-
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
|-
|}
 

----
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
|-
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493
|}

Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template

2011-11-16T13:27:41Z

Rajivg:

== '''Objective''' ==
To create a patent landscape report on '''Gut Biology and Probiotic microorganisms in food'''

==Search methodology==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search strategy'''
|1. Various keywords are retrieved for conducting the search related to gut biology and probiotics in food from pubmed mesh, relevant patents, scientific articles and thesaurus. 2. The database used for patent search is Thomson innovation.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Keywords'''
| Gut biology, Probiotics, food, etc.
|-
|}

== '''Background''' ==
=== '''Definition''' ===
Etymologically, the term probiotic appears to be a composite of the Latin preposition '''pro''' ("for") and the Greek adjective βιωτικός (biotic), the latter deriving from the noun βίος ('''bios''', "life").[http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FBJN%2FBJN90_04%2FS0007114503001946a.pdf&code=f1ec2535349c21cea69d566e33aeaf5e Miller et al British Journal of Nutrition, 2003 ] Lilly and Stillwell coined the term probiotic in 1965 and defined it as "a substance produced by one microorganism stimulating the growth of another microorganism" and understood a probiotic as opposite to an antibiotic.[http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002 ] Over the course of time various definitions of probiotics have surfaced and the internationally adopted FAO/WHO definition was coined in 2001 which describes probiotics as '''"Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"''' [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/a0512e/a0512e00.pdf FAO report 2002 ] 

The International Study Group on New Antimicrobial Strategies (ISGNAS), developed a concept for the detailed definition of probiotics in three categories.

'''1. Medical probiotics (drugs)''' - a microbial preparation which contains live and/or dead microorganisms including their components and products determined to be employed as a drug for therapeutic purposes.

'''2. Pharmaceutical probiotics (food supplements''') - a microbial preparation designed for manufacture of food supplements.

'''3. Alimentary probiotics (food)''' - a microbial preparation designed for use in food fermentation or food production. The mode of action includes immunomodulation, host microflora modulation, and the modulation of metabolic processes. [http://www.old-herborn-university.de/literature/books/OHUni_book_15_article_1.pdf Rusch 2002]

[[Image:arrow.png]][[Please click here to view the Common probiotic microorganisms]]

=== '''Science behind probiotics''' ===
An organism may be classified as a probiotic(in human beings) based on the following criteria.

[[Image:criteria for categorizing an organism as probiotic.jpg|thumb|centre|400px| '''Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice''' [http://www.clinicalnutritionjournal.com/article/S0261-5614(10)00090-7/abstract T.Lannitti et al Clinical Nutrition Journal, 2010]]]

Of the probiotic microbes, the genera ''Bifidobacter'' and ''Lactobacillus'' are very prevalent. They restore the normal intestinal microflora after antibiotic treatment, produce digestive enzymes, improves food digestibility, suppresses food-borne pathogens.

=== '''Probiotics as food''' ===

Probiotics essentially work by helping to maintain and replenish these colonies of beneficial bacteria. They can be ingested through a variety of means, including daily capsules, yogurt shots, or enhanced dairy products. Capsules of probiotics are similar to capsules of any nutrient, and contain live bacteria within an easily digestible shell. Small yogurt shots, which contain less than one ounce of yogurt infused with high numbers of probiotics, can be taken once a day instead of the capsule. Significant numbers of probiotics have also become included in many types of milk, cheeses, and yogurts to help keep numbers of gut flora high.
[http://www.ehow.com/about_5426722_probiotic-effects.html#ixzz1VCGLrUT3 Probiotic effects ehow.com ]

=== '''Health benefits of probiotics''' ===

The world is full of microorganisms (including bacteria), and so are people's bodies -- in and on the skin, in the gut, and in other orifices. Friendly bacteria are vital to proper development of the immune system, to protection against microorganisms that could cause disease, and to the digestion and absorption of food and nutrients. Each person's mix of bacteria varies. Interactions between a person and the microorganisms in his body, and among the microorganisms themselves, can be crucial to the person's health and well-being.

This bacterial "balancing act" can be thrown off in two major ways:
 1. By antibiotics, when they kill friendly bacteria in the gut along with unfriendly bacteria. Some people use probiotics to try to offset side effects from antibiotics like gas, cramping, or diarrhea. Similarly, some use them to ease symptoms of lactose intolerance -- a condition in which the gut lacks the enzyme needed to digest significant amounts of the major sugar in milk, and which also causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
 2. "Unfriendly" microorganisms such as disease-causing bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and parasites can also upset the balance. Researchers are exploring whether probiotics could halt these unfriendly agents in the first place and/or suppress their growth and activity in conditions like: 
*Infectious diarrhea 
* Irritable bowel syndrome 
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) 
* Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes most ulcers and many types of chronic stomach inflammation 
* Tooth decay and periodontal disease 
* Vaginal infections 
* Stomach and respiratory infections that children acquire in daycare 
* Skin infections
* Tumours[http://www.medicinenet.com/probiotics/page2.htm#health Probiotics medicinenet.com ]

'''Probiotics contribute to well-being in various ways as shown in the figure'''

[[Image:figure-4.jpg|thumb|800px|centre| '''Health benefits of probiotic consumption''' [http://www.customprobiotics.com/_images/figure-4.jpg customprobiotics.com ]]]
----
== '''Concept Table''' ==
[[Click Here for Concept Table]]

----

== '''Class code definitions''' ==
[[Click Here for Class-Codes and their definitions]]

== '''Search Strategy''' ==
* '''Search Engine:''' Thomson Innovation
* '''Databases covered:''' US, Europe, German, Japanese and Korean applications and granted patents
* '''Coverage:''' Title, Abstract and Claims
* '''Timeline:''' 1991- 20th Sep 2011

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Search Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Number of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''English keyword search'''
|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR synbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR symbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (probiotic ADJ2 (microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR micro ADJ2 organism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 or microbe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) OR AND A23C009123
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR synbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR symbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (probiotic ADJ2 (microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR micro ADJ2 organism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 or microbe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) AND 424439 OR 426620 OR 426623 OR 426625
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|1 OR 2
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR Feed OR (Feed ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)AND C12R000146 OR A61K003574 OR A23C000912 OR C12R001225
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> US class code for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR Feed OR (Feed ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) AND 424931 OR 424933 OR 42409344 OR 42409345
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''6'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|4 OR 5
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''7'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final English query- 3 OR 6'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''German keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(Probiotischen OR symbioti<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR synbiotik<nowiki>*</nowiki>2 OR Probiotika OR (probiotischer ADJ2 organismus) OR (probiotischer ADJ2 organismen) OR (nützlichen ADJ2 Mikroben)AND A23C009123
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(Säuglingsanfangsnahrung OR Säuglingsfertignahrung OR Nahrungsergänzung) AND C12R000146 OR A61K003574 OR A23C000912 OR C12R001225
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''10'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final German query- 8 OR 9'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''French keyword search'''
|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|Keyword for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for food
|align = "center"|(probiotique OR synbioti<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR symbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>4 OR (des ADJ2 probiotique) OR (les ADJ2 probiotique) OR (de ADJ2 probiotique) OR probiotiques OR ( des ADJ2 probiotiques) OR (les ADJ2 probiotiques) OR (de ADJ2 probiotiques)AND A23C009123
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> IPC class codes for probiotic
|align = "center"|(((formule ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 bébé) OR ((préparations ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 nourrissons) OR (((les ADJ2 préparations) ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 nourrissons) OR (((des ADJ2 préparations) ADJ2 pour) ADJ2 nourrissons))) AND C12R000146 OR A61K003574 OR A23C000912 OR C12R001225
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''13'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final French query- 11 OR 12'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|''' '''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Search with Japanese F terms'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for probiotic <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F term for food
|align = "center"|(probiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR synbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR symbiotic<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (probiotic ADJ2 (microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR micro ADJ2 organism<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 or microbe<nowiki>*</nowiki>1)) AND 4C087CA07 OR 4B035LG44
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|Keywords for food <nowiki>+</nowiki> Japanese F-term for probiotic
|align = "center"|Food OR (Food ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR Feed OR (Feed ADJ2 stuff<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) AND 4B001AC31 OR 4B001AC50
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''16'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''Final query with F-terms- 14 OR 15'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''17'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD" colspan = "2"|'''FINAL SEARCH QUERY- 7 OR 10 OR 13 OR 16'''
|align = "center"|'''<nowiki>### </nowiki>'''
|-
|}

----

== '''Taxonomy''' ==
<mm>[[Gutbiologytaxonomy.mm]]</mm>
----

== '''Relevant patents''' ==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Publication No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Abstract'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Date of patent'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Inventors'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070286888%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070286888&RS=DN/20070286888 US20070286888]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Additive For Feeds And Feed Containing The Same
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| An additive for feeds is provided which is efficacious in preventing and ameliorating digestive disorders such as diarrhea occurring as the side effects of the administration of antibiotics and a feed containing same. More specifically, an additive for feeds which comprises (A) Lactobacillus equi cells and (B) cells of at least one bacterium selected from the group consisting of Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactbacillus johnsonii.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|13-Dec-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kado; Yukiko ; Morotomi; Masami.
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Kabushiki Kaisha Yakult Honsha

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7906112.PN.&OS=PN/7906112&RS=PN/7906112 US7906112]
|Canine probiotic Lactobacilli
|According to the invention there is provided a strain of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacilli obtainable by isolation from resected and washed canine gastrointestinal tract having a probiotic activity in animals. Methods of use and compositions comprising the Lactobacilli of the present invention are also provided.
|align = "center"|3-Sep-03
|Reid; Gregor, Bruce; Andrew W. , Han; Victor
|Urex Biotech, Inc.

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7288245.PN.&OS=PN/7288245&RS=PN/7288245 US7288245]
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| Composition having immunoregulating activities
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| The invention provides a composition comprising novel lactic acid bacteria having immunoregulating activities. Specifically, the invention provides food, drinks or medicaments containing novel lactic acid bacteria separated from "Shibazuke," one kind of traditional Kyoto pickles, and having immunoregulating activities. The lactic acid bacteria belong to Lactobacillus pentosus and have a weak assimilating activity or no assimilating activity for glycerol.
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|30-Oct-07
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Nonaka; Yuji, Izumo; Takayuki, Iida; Keiko
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Suntory Limited

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''4'''
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060121015%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060121015&RS=DN/20060121015 US20060121015]
|Probiotic bifidobacterium strains
|A Bifidobacterium strain, AH208, AH209, AH210, AH211, AH212 or AH214 or mutants or variants thereof are useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of inflammatory activity especially undesirable gastrointestinal inflammatory activity, such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome.
|align = "center"|8-Jun-06
|Collins; John Kevin; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Sullivan; Gerald Christopher; O<nowiki>’</nowiki>Mahony; Liam; Shanahan; Fergus;Kiely; Barry
|Alimentary Health Limited

|-
|}

----

== '''Sample Patent Analysis Sheet''' ==

[[Media:5 Control patent analysis.xls|Click here to download the sample patent analysis sheet]]

----
== '''Assignee analysis and IP Activity''' ==
==='''Top Assignees'''===
**NESTLE SA, AJINOMOTO and VALIO LTD are the among the major players in the field of Probiotic foods 
[[Image:majayer.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top Assignees'''</center>]]

==='''Geographical distribution'''===
*Based on patent number

[[Image:newut of patentsn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on relevant patents'''</center>]]

*Including family members

[[Image:gdiamilym.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Based on patent family members'''</center>]]

==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:yeaitn.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

[[Image:pyern.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''IP activity'''</center>]]

==='''Top Cited patents'''===
* Patents with the maximum number of forward citations were determined and the graph shows the top 13 patents with corresponding assignees.

[[Image:citm.jpg|250px|center|frame|thumb|<center>'''Top cited patents'''</center>]]

== '''Patent to product mapping''' ==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Patent no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Assignee'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''Snapshot'''

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''1'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US20110014248A1
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Cosmetic use of microorganism(s) for the treatment of scalp disorders
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.farmasalut.com/product.php?id_product=22 INNEOV HAIR HEALTH DS DANDRUFF]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestle.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''2'''
|WO2011012655A1
|Nutritional composition for breast-fed infants or pets with probiotics and selected nutrients
|NESTLE SA
|[http://www.purinaveterinarydiets.com/Product/FortiFloraCanineNutritionalSupplements.aspx FortiFlora® Canine Nutritional Supplements]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:nestlesa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#4F81BD"|'''3'''
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|US5603930A
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-1225
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|NESTLE SA
|bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"|[http://www.lc1.de/ LC1 yoghurt]
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#DBE5F1"| 
[[Image:nestlesaa.jpg|center|150px]] 

|-
|}

Main Page

2011-11-16T13:27:03Z

Rajivg: /* Buy Dolcera Reports */

__NOTOC__

[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]] 
[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]] 
[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]

== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey; width:50%" valign = "top" align = "left"|

===Technology===
|-
| valign = "top" |
 Landscape reports 
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVUFcz2dpIM Video])
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsZLUSPn3cg Video])
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]
* [[Non-wovens]]
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Smart Drug Delivery Systems]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vARe9eBFsq4 Video])
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]
* [[SC Johnson]]
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4fI1rjPjSg Video])
* [[Bio-PET]]
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]
* [[Antibody against TNF]]
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives in packaging]]
* [[Market Research Tools Landscape]]
| valign = "top" |

 Landscape reports 
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]
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* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvZqBy8XvIE Video])
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]
* [[Transactional memory]]
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]
* [[Wind Energy]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

STN Search Reports
* [[Markush Search Report]]

Dashboard
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live]
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]])
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]
| valign = "top" |

Dashboard
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live]
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]

IP Valuation

*[[Holographic Image Display]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]
 Study: In re Bilski Impact
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]
| valign = "top" |

Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Chart Sample]
|-
|}

===Clinical Trial Database===
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]

== Business & Information Research Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|
===Technology===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Cancer Vaccines - Clinical Trial Analysis]]
* [[Veterinary Vaccines Market Report]]
* [[Olympus Corporation- Company Profile]]
* [[Rx to OTC Switch-Market Analysis]]
* [[Ureteral Stent - Market Analysis]], Company Profile:[[Boston Scientific - Company Profile |Boston Scientific ]]
* [[Cardiac Pacemakers]]
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]
* [[Diabetes products and services]]
* [[Drug Metabolism]]
* [[Toxicology]]
* [[Osteoporosis]]
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]
* [[OTC vs. Prescription Drugs]]
* [[Vaccines Market in Western Countries]], Company Profile:[http://dolcera.com/wiki/index.php?title=GlaxoSmithKline_profile GlaxoSmithKline]
* [[Gastrointestinal Endoscopy -Landscape Report]]
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]

| valign=top |
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]
* [[LTE]]
* [[Femtocells]]
* [[HDTV in the US]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]
* [[Web video]]
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])
* [[Samsung Company Profile]]
* [[NFC Ecosystem]]
* [[Virtualization]]
* [[Cloud Computing]]
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]
* [[China ICU Ventilator Market]]
* [[Patent Valuation]]
* [[Automatic Faucets]]
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|

===Finance===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50% align = "left"|
===Others and CPG===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]
| valign=top |
*[[Deodorants Market Analysis: Acquisition of Sanex by Colgate]]
*[[Partner in sales planning]]

|}

== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
| align = "top" |

==== Dashboard 1.1 ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboarddemo/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)]
** [[Access details]]
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]

==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====

==== IP and Products dashboard ====
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]

==== Patent-pathway mapping ====
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]
==== Sequence dashboard ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]

==== Design analysis ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]

==== Innovation explorer ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]
==== KPort ====
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]

|-
|}

== Buy Dolcera Reports ==
* [[Landscape report for HEMT]]
* [[Nanoemulsions in Foods]]
* [[Variable Valve Timing - Sample]]
* [[Gut biology and probiotic microorganisms in food template]]

Dolcera Offerings summary 
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera offerings summary]]

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 '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' 
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{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
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----
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
|-
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493
|}

Bio-PET

2011-03-14T07:58:01Z

Rajivg: /* Dashboard link */

PET (Polyethyeleneterephthalate) is used in a variety of applications, especially in the making of durable bottles. There is a significant increase in interest of late in producing PET from renewable sources.

This report describes the various techniques being used in the production of PET from sources such as cellulose. The report covers:
# Various pathways for production of PET from renewable sources
# All the catalysts (e.g. Hydrogen, Sodium, etc.) and techniques (e.g. catalytic dehydration) used in production of each of the intermediate compounds (e.g. ethylene glycol)
# Search strategies for patents for the various pathways and methods for production of ethylene glycol and dimethyl terephthalate, which are then used to produce PET
# Classification and in-depth analysis of the patents
# Presentation of results of the patent analysis on the Dolcera dashboard

=Pathways for production of Polyethyeleneterephthalate=
[[Image:bio pet1.jpg|thumb|center|1500px|'''Pathways for preparation of PET''']]
==Polyethylene terephthalate==
[[Image:PET.jpg|thumb|center|350px]]
*Polyethylene terephthalate'''( (C''''''10''''''H''''''8''''''O''''''4'''''')''''''n'''''')''' (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), is also abbreviated as PET, PETE, or PETP or PET-P)
*Some of the trade names of PET products are Dacron, Diolen, Tergal, Terylene, and Trevira fibers, Cleartuf, Eastman PET and Polyclear bottle resins, Hostaphan, Melinex, and Mylar films, and Arnite, Ertalyte, Impet, Rynite and Valox injection molding resins. 
*The materials that can be prepared using PET are bottles, tapes, films or pulled into fibers that are pressed into meshes or woven into fabrics.
===Preparation of Polyethyleneterephthalate===
* Polyethyleneterephthalate is prepared by reacting Dimethylterephthalate with Ethylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst. Dimethylterephthalate is obtained by treating Terephthalic acid with methanol. The catalyst is a salt of a metal like calcium, barium, cadmium, cobalt, lead, manganese, tin, zinc and chromium and a material selected from the group consisting of hydroxybenzophenone carboxylic acids and hydroxyacetophenone carboxylic acids. [[Media:polyethyleneterephthalate1.pdf|Source]] 
'''(Terephthalic acid) + 2CH3OH → (Dimethylterephthalate)'''

'''(Dimethylterephthalate) + CH2(OH)CH2(OH) + Catalyst → (Polyethyleneterephthalate)'''

==Ethylene glycol==
[[Image:Ethylene glycol.jpg|thumb|center|250px|Ethylene glycol]]
*Ethylene glycol'''(C''''''2''''''H''''''4''''''(OH)''''''2'''''')''', (monoethylene glycol (MEG), 1,2-ethanediol, IUPAC name: ethane-1,2- diol,)
*Ethylene glycol is an odorless, colorless, syrupy, sweet tasting, toxic liquid.
*It is used as a heat transfer chemical i.e., as a coolant. Due to its low freezing point it is used as a deicing fluid for windshields and aircraft.
*Ethylene glycol is widely used to inhibit the formation of natural gas clathrates in long multiphase pipelines. Then ethylene glycol can be recovered from the natural gas and reused as an inhibitor after purification treatment that removes water and inorganic salts.
*Ethylene glycol has become increasingly important in the plastics industry for the manufacture of polyester fibers and resins, including polyethylene terephthalate, which is used to make plastic bottles for soft drinks. The antifreeze capabilities of ethylene glycol have made it an important component of vitrification mixtures for low-temperature preservation of biological tissues and organs.
*Ethylene glycol may also be used as a protecting group for carbonyl groups in organic synthesis.
*Ethylene glycol's high boiling point and affinity for water makes it an ideal desiccant for natural gas production.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene_glycol Source]

===Preparation of Ethylene Glycol===

Ethylene glycol is prepared in the following ways:

'''1.''' From ethylene: Ethylene is oxidized to ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide upon hydrolysis ethylene glycol is prepared.

'''7 H2C=CH2 <nowiki>+</nowiki> 6 O2 → 6 C2H4O <nowiki>+</nowiki> 2 CO2 <nowiki>+</nowiki> 2 H2O'''

'''C2H4O <nowiki>+</nowiki> H2O → HOCH2CH2OH'''

'''2.''' Ethylene glycol is prepared by reacting formaldehyde with methanol in the presence of organic peroxide(ditertiarybutylperoxide) [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4337371.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]

'''CH3OH <nowiki>+</nowiki> HCHO <nowiki>+</nowiki> (CH3)3OOC(CH3)3→ CH2(OH)CH2(OH)'''

'''Note:''' In the above two preparation methods for ethylene glycol we have used ethylene, methanol, formaldehyde. The following are their preparations:

'''Ethylene preparation''':

1. Ethylene is prepared biologically from methionine by using enzymes.[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6294716.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]
[[Image:Ethylene biosynthesis.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Ethylene biosynthesis]] 

2. Ethanol upon dehydrating in the presence of catalyst ethylene is prepared.[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4134926.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]

'''C2H5OH <nowiki>+</nowiki> Al2O3(Catalyst) → H2C=CH2 <nowiki>+</nowiki> H2O'''

'''Methanol preparation''': Biological process

Methanol is prepared through fermentation process. Vegetable materials are fermented anerobically in the presence of ''Zymomonas mobilis'' bacteria. In this process ethanol and methanol are the products. Methanol is separated from ethanol by distillation. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5070016.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]

'''Formaldehyde preparation''':

1. Formaldehyde is prepared enzymatically. In this process the lower alkyl alcohols are converted into lower aldehydes by using oxidase enzymes. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5234827.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]

2. Formaldehyde is prepared by dehydrogenation of methanol using a catalyst. The catalyst is silver or silver/gold alloy on an inert hard, nonporous support. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4474996.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]

'''CH3OH <nowiki>+</nowiki> Ag (or Ag/Au alloy)(Catalyst) → HCHO <nowiki>+</nowiki> H2'''

'''Ethanol preparation''':

Ethanol is prepared by fermentation process.

[[Image:Ethanol2.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Ethanol - fermentation]]

[[Image:Ethanol1.jpg|thumb|center|450px|Ethanol through Fermentation]]

==Terephthalic acid==
[[Image:Terephthalic acid.jpg|thumb|center|350px|Terephthalic acid]]
*Terephthalic acid'''(C''''''6''''''H''''''4''''''(CO''''''2''''''H)''''''2'''''')''' is a colourless solid, used principally as a precursor to the polyester PET, used to make clothing and plastic bottles. Several billion kilograms are produced annually. It is one of three isomeric phthalic acids. 
*Virtually the entire world's supply of terephthalic acid and dimethyl terephthalate are consumed as precursors to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terephthalic_acid Source]
===Preparation of Terephthalic acid===
* Biological preparation of Terephthalic acid [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6187569.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]
[[Image:Terephthalic acid23.jpg|thumb|center|750px|Biological preparation of Terephthalic Acid]]
'''Preparation of ''p''-Xylene''':

''p''-Xylene is prepared from toluene in the presence of a catalyst. This is a methylation reaction. The methylating agents are methanol, methyl chloride, methyl bromide, dimethylether or dimethylsulfide. The catalyst used is ZSM-23 zeolite material. Here this catalyst is used for attacking the methyl group in the para position of the toluene. [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4049738.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source] 

'''Toluene + Methylating agent + ZSM-23 Zeolite(Catalyst)→ P-xylene'''

'''Preparation of Toluene''': 
1. Toluene is an aromatic extract from the tropical colombian tree ''Myroxylon Balsamum'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluene Source] 
2. Toluene is prepared from wastes like old trees, cable wastes, polyethylene waster and polypropylene wastes. In this process the waste products are pulverised and heated to a temperature range of 150˚C to 500˚C at a pressure of 20 to 300 bar [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=4642401.PN.&OS=PN/4134926&RS=PN/4134926 Source]

'''Note'''-Today most of the ethylene manufacturers are producing ethylene through petroleum cracking.

==Search Strategy==
* Database - Micropat
* We conducted search on concepts that have a biological method of preparation only.
* We have not conducted search on production of ethanol (from which we prepare ethylene) since that is not the focus of this project.
-------------
* '''NOTE''': Explanation of Query Concepts
* Query 1 - All Biological Process

* Query 2 - Ethanol Fermentation

* Final Query - Query 1 + Query 2
-----------------

Issue/Publication Years: 1836 - Date (9th June 2009)

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 1'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Bio-Production of Terepthalic acid from Xylene'''
|Full patent spec.
|(((<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenecarboxylic OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>2para<nowiki>*</nowiki>2dicarboxylic OR benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>5dicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>p<nowiki>*</nowiki>dicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Benzenedicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Carboxybenzoic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Para<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Terephthalic) ADJ acid) OR Acide<nowiki>*</nowiki>2terephtalique OR Kyselina<nowiki>*</nowiki>2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid)
|align = "center"| 102948 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|((bio<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversion OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>synthe<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center"|360711 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
|Full patent spec.
| "1,4-dimethylbenzene" OR "p-methyltoluene" OR "1,4-xylene" OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>5dimethylbenzene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>5xylene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>3methyltoluene
|align = "center"|507183 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''
|Combined Query
|align = "center"|1 AND 2 AND 3
|align = "center"|25'''(20 Unique hits)'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''5'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "6"|'''Production of Ethylene from Ethanol'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|Ethanol OR (ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR (grain ADJ1 alcohol)
|align = "center"|134288 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''6'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))
|align = "center"|410332 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''7'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|produc<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR synthes<nowiki>*</nowiki>6 OR process OR method
|align = "center"|13960381 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''8'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|(dehydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (water ADJ1 removal) OR hypohydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR zeolite<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR silica OR alumina OR (trifluoromethanesulfonic ADJ1 acid) OR evaporat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR desiccation OR drying OR trifluoromethanesulfonicacid OR (water NEAR5 remov<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center"|1643133 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''9'''
|Any Classification
|align = "center"|C07C OR B01D
|align = "center"|1267051 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''10'''
|Combined Query
|align = "center"|5 AND 6 AND 7 AND 8 AND 9
|align = "center"|2606''' (1863 Unique hits)'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''11'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "5"|'''Production of Ethylene through Biological process'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|((bio OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversation OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) OR ferment<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microb<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>bacteria<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center"|360711 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''12'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))
|align = "center"|410332 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''13'''
|Full patent spec.
|<nowiki>*</nowiki>methionine OR (acc ADJ1 synthase) OR "1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase" OR ACCsynthase OR (<nowiki>*</nowiki>2aminocyclopropane<nowiki>*</nowiki>3carboxylate ADJ1 synthase)
|align = "center"|60755 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''14'''
|
|align = "center"| C12N OR C12P
|align = "center"|570454
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''15'''
|Combined Query
|align = "center"|11 AND 12 AND 13
|align = "center"|237 ('''131 Unique hits''')
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''19'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "5"|'''Ethylene oxide from ethylene'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))
|align = "center"|410332 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|align = "center"|oxidation OR produc<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR prepar<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR convers<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR synthsi<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center"| 8311728 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''21'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|align = "center"|((Ethylene ADJ1 oxide) OR Epoxyaethan OR Epoxyethane OR Oxidoethane OR (Ethene ADJ1 oxide) OR Oxirane)
|align = "center"| 59403 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''22'''
|Any classification
|align = "center"|B01J002104 OR B01J002108 OR B01J002304 OR B01J002350 OR C07D30103 OR B01D005304 OR B01J002112 OR B01J002712 OR B01J002708 OR B01J002710 OR B01J002709 OR B01J002308 OR B01J002368 OR B01J0027055 OR B01J002324 OR 00B01J002336 OR B01J002330 OR B01J002300 OR 00B01J2370 OR C07D30110 OR B01J002348 OR B01J2702 OR B01J2714 OR B01J2706 OR C07D30304 OR B01J00236200 OR B01J002366 OR B01D005304 OR B09J002104 OR B09J002108 OR B01J002396 OR B01J003102 OR B01J003100 OR B01J002118 OR B01J00208 OR B09J002112 OR 00B09J002350 OR B01J002302 OR B01J002303 OR B01J002720 OR B01J00231000B01J002378 OR C07D30132 OR B01J002106 OR B01J002396 OR C07D030132 OR C07D030100 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002900 OR C07C002909 OR C07C002700 OR C07D030106 OR B01J0027199 OR B01J002714 OR C07C005700
|align = "center"| 195483 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''23'''
|Combined query
|align = "center"|19 AND 20 AND 21 AND 22
|align = "center"| 2144 '''(1167 unique records)'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|''' '''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|
|bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''24'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|'''Ethylene glycol from ethylene oxide'''
|Ethylene glycol manufacture
|align = "center"|(<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Dihydroxyethane OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Ethandiol OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Ethanediol OR GLYCOL OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1Glycol OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>2Hydroxyethanol OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>2Hydroyethanol OR Aethylenglykol OR Athylenglykol OR Athylenglykol OR Diphyl OR Dowtherm<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR Ethane<nowiki>*</nowiki>4diol OR ethanediol OR Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1alcohol OR Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1Glycol OR Ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>1glycol OR Fridex OR Glycol<nowiki>*</nowiki>1alcohol OR Lutrol<nowiki>*</nowiki>19 OR MEG OR Monoethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki>glycol OR Therminol <nowiki>*</nowiki>VP OR (ethylene ADJ1 glycol<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR ethyleneglycol<nowiki>*</nowiki>)SAME(produc<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR prepar<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR manufact<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR synthe<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center"|75928 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''25'''
|Any classification
|align = "center"|C07D030108 OR C07B006100 OR C07C002948 OR C07C002950 OR C07C003120 OR C07D030103 OR C07D030104 OR C07D030122 OR C07D030300 OR C07D030304 OR C07B006100 OR C07C002900 OR C07C003100 OR C07D030100 OR C07D030300 OR C07C002910 OR C07C002909 OR C07C002700 OR C07C002726 OR C07C002974 OR C07C003102 OR C07C003300 OR C07C003120 OR C07C003118 OR C08G006526 OR B01J003108 OR C07C002980 OR C07C002976 OR C07C004103 OR C07C004310 OR C07C004311 OR C07D030110 OR C07C004100 OR C07C006900 OR C07C006800 OR C07C002900 OR C07C006806 OR C07C0029128 OR C07C002728 OR C07C002702 OR C07C002980 OR C07C002909 OR B01J003106 OR C07C003120 OR C07D031736 OR C07D031738 OR C07D031700
|align = "center"|290188 (hits Unique hits)
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''26'''
|Combined Query
|align = "center"|21 AND 24 AND 25
|align = "center"|858(591
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|''' '''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''27'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Preparation of benzeneamide from benzene nitrile'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|align = "center"|(benzonitrile OR (benzene ADJ1 nitrile)OR cyanobenzene OR (cyno ADJ1 benzene ) OR (Benzene ADJ1 cyanide) OR (phenyl ADJ1 cyanide)OR (Benzene ADJ1 carbo ADJ1 nitrile) OR (Benzoic ADJ1 acid ADJ1 nitrile))
|align = "center"|41789 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''28'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|align = "center"|(microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microb<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR bacteria OR yeast OR fungi OR bacteri<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR bioproduction OR biosynthesi<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center"| 339673 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''29'''
|Full patent spec.
|align = "center"| (benzene ADJ1 amide) OR (phenyl ADJ1 amide)OR amide)
|align = "center"| 143811 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''30'''
|Combined query
|align = "center"|27 AND 28 AND 29
|align = "center"|305'''(162 unique hits)'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''15'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''All Combined'''
|align = "center"|4 OR 10 OR 15 OR 23 OR 26 OR 30
|align = "center"|5674''' (3644 unique records)'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|Relevancy-25%
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 2'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
|-
|align = "right"|1
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Preparation of ethanol from fermentation'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|align = "center"| ferment<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR zymology OR zymoptic
|align = "center"|41789 hits
|-
|align = "right"|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|align = "center"|(Hydroxyethane OR (Methyl ADJ1 carbinol) OR (Pure ADJ1 alcohol) OR (Grain ADJ1 alcohol) OR (Ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR Ethanol<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR bioethanol<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (fermentation ADJ1 alcohol) OR methylcarbinol)
|align = "center"| 339673 hits
|-
|
|Any classification
|align = "center"| C12P OR C12N OR C12F OR C07C OR C07D
|align = "center"|305'''(162 unique hits)'''
|-
|align = "right"|4
|Combined query
|align = "center"|1 AND 2 AND 3
|align = "center"|3905'''(2207 unique hits)'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Relevancy-50%'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Final Query'''
|-
|'''Final Query'''
|
|align = "center"|Combined query
|align = "center"|'''Query1 <nowiki>+</nowiki> Query 2'''
|align = "center"|9669('''5847 unique hits)'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Relevancy-30%'''
|-
|}

Note:The above mentioned benzamide is converted to benzoic acid which is then converted to terephthalic acid.
* '''Benzoic acid to terepthalic acid''' [http://www.google.com/patents?id=aHRyAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0_0 US2823230]
*'''Benzene amide to benzoic acid''' [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=5932454.PN.&OS=PN/5932454&RS=PN/5932454 US5932454A]

=== New search stratergy===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 1'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|'''Bio-Production of Terephthalic acid'''
|Full patent spec.
|(((terephthalic OR Terepthalic) NEAR4 (produce<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR production OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR synthes<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biotransformation)) NEAR10 ((plant NEAR5 source) OR biological OR glucose OR fructose<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR sucrose OR starch OR cellulose OR biomass OR waste<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biotransformation OR feedstock))
|align = "center"| 152 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''2'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|'''Production of Terephthalic acid from 2,5-furandicarboxylate'''
|Full patent spec.
|(<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenecarboxylic OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>2para<nowiki>*</nowiki>2dicarboxylic OR benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>5dicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>p<nowiki>*</nowiki>dicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Benzenedicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Carboxybenzoic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Para<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR (Terephthalic ADJ1 acid) OR Acide<nowiki>*</nowiki>2terephtalique OR Kyselina<nowiki>*</nowiki>2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid)
|align = "center"|104258 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''3'''
|Full patent spec.
|"2,5-furandicarboxylate" OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>furandicarboxylate OR (furane ADJ1 dicarboxylate) OR furfurandicarboxylate OR (oxole ADJ1 dicarboxylate)OR (divinyl ADJ1 oxide ADJ1 dicarboxylate)
|align = "center"|174 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''4'''
|Combined Query
|align = "center"|2 AND 3
|align = "center"|20
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''5'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|'''Bio-Production of Terephthalic acid from Xylene'''
|Full patent spec.
|(((<nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenecarboxylic OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>4Benzenedicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>2para<nowiki>*</nowiki>2dicarboxylic OR benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>5dicarboxylic OR Benzene<nowiki>*</nowiki>p<nowiki>*</nowiki>dicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Benzenedicarboxylic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Carboxybenzoic OR p<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Para<nowiki>*</nowiki>Phthalic OR Terephthalic) ADJ acid) OR Acide<nowiki>*</nowiki>2terephtalique OR Kyselina<nowiki>*</nowiki>2tereftalova OR Tephthol) OR (terepthalic ADJ1 acid)
|align = "center"| 102948 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''6'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|((bio<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversion OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>synthe<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center"|360711 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''7'''
|Full patent spec.
| "1,4-dimethylbenzene" OR "p-methyltoluene" OR "1,4-xylene" OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>5dimethylbenzene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>5xylene OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>3methyltoluene
|align = "center"|507183 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''8'''
|Combined Query
|align = "center"|5 AND 6 AND 7
|align = "center"|25'''(20 Unique hits)'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''9'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Combined Query'''
|align = "center"|1 OR 4OR 8
|align = "center"|189 ('''101 Unique Hits)'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|Relevancy-10%
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#CCFFFF" colspan = "5"|'''Query 2'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Scope'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Search string'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''10'''
|align = "center"|'''Production of Ethylene through Biological process'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|((bio OR biological) SAME (prepare OR preparation OR extract OR extraction OR synthesis OR syntheses OR sinthisis OR synthesize OR production OR produce OR making OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR transformation OR transform OR conversation OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki>3)) OR ferment<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microorganism<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR microb<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR <nowiki>*</nowiki>bacteria<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center"|360711 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))
|align = "center"|410332 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|Full patent spec.
|<nowiki>*</nowiki>methionine OR (acc ADJ1 synthase) OR "1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase" OR ACCsynthase OR (<nowiki>*</nowiki>2aminocyclopropane<nowiki>*</nowiki>3carboxylate ADJ1 synthase)
|align = "center"|60755 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''13'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|
|align = "center"| C12N OR C12P
|align = "center"|570454
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|''' '''
|Combined Query
|align = "center"|11 AND 12 AND 13
|align = "center"|331
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|''' '''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "4"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''15'''
|align = "center" rowspan = "6"|'''Production of Ethylene from Ethanol'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|Ethanol OR (ethyl ADJ1 alcohol) OR (grain ADJ1 alcohol)
|align = "center"|134288 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''16'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|(Ethylene OR ethene OR acetene OR (bicarburetted ADJ1 hydrogen) OR elayl OR Etileno OR ethylene<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR ((C2 OR "C.sub.2") NEAR5 olefins))
|align = "center"|410332 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''17'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|produc<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR conver<nowiki>*</nowiki>5 OR manufactur<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 OR synthes<nowiki>*</nowiki>6 OR process OR method
|align = "center"|13960381 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''18'''
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|(dehydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR (water ADJ1 removal) OR hypohydrat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR cataly<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR zeolite<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR silica OR alumina OR (trifluoromethanesulfonic ADJ1 acid) OR evaporat<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR desiccation OR drying OR trifluoromethanesulfonicacid OR (water NEAR5 remov<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center"|1643133 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''19'''
|Any Classification
|align = "center"|C07C OR B01D
|align = "center"|1267051 hits
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''
|Combined Query
|align = "center"|15 OR 16 OR 17 OR 18 OR 19
|align = "center"|2606''' (1863 Unique hits)'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Final Query'''
|align = "center"|14 OR 20
|align = "center"|2936''' (2046 Unique hits)'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''20'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Relevency-20%
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "5"|''' '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''21'''
|align = "center" colspan = "2"|'''Final Query'''
|align = "center"|'''Query 1<nowiki>+</nowiki>Query2'''
|align = "center"|3123('''2145 unique hits''')
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|Relevancy-15%
|-
|}

----

=='''IP Analysis for conversion of ethanol into ethylene '''==
==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:Ip Activity.jpg|center|thumb|700px| '''IP Activity''']]

==='''Top Assignee for patents related to conversion of Ethanol to Ethylene'''===
[[Image:Top assignee2.jpg|center|thumb|800px| '''Top Assignees''']]

==Patent Analysis==

#'''Click here for [[Media:Analysis sheet ethanol dehydration.xls| Patent Analysis Sheet]]'''

==Dashboard link==
{|border="3" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4"
|-
|[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=561 '''Dashboard''']
|-
|}

----

== '''IP Analysis for patents related to biological production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural '''==
==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:IP Activit.jpg|center|thumb|800px|'''Top Assignee''']]

==='''Top Assignee for patents related to biological production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural'''===

[[Image:Top assigne1.jpg|center|thumb|800px| '''Top Assignees''']]

==Patent Analysis==

#'''Click here for [[Media:Analysis sheet ethanol dehydration.xls| Patent Analysis Sheet]]'''

==Dashboard link==
{|border="3" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4"
|-
|[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=566 '''Dashboard''']
|-
|}
----

== '''IP Analysis for conversion of ethanol into ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid '''==
==='''IP Activity'''===

[[Image:IP Activiy.jpg|center|thumb|800px|'''Top Assignee''']]

==='''Top Assignee for patents related to conversion of Ethanol to ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid'''===

[[Image:Top assign3.jpg|center|thumb|800px| '''Top Assignees''']]

==Patent Analysis==

#'''Click here for [[Media:Analysis sheet ethanol dehydration.xls| Patent Analysis Sheet]]'''

==Dashboard link==
{|border="3" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4"
|-
|[https://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=567 '''Dashboard''']
|-
|}

Access details

2010-06-09T13:13:42Z

Rajivg:

'''Username''':demo@dolcera.com 
'''Password''':dolcerademo

Access details

2010-06-09T13:13:29Z

Rajivg:

'''Username''':demo@dolcera.com
'''Password''':dolcerademo

Main Page

2010-06-09T13:12:56Z

Rajivg: /* Dolcera Technology Platforms */

__NOTOC__
===[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]===
===[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]]===
===[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]===

== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" |
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" |
===Technology===
|-
| valign = "top" |
=== Landscape reports ===
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]]
* [[RNA Interference]]
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]]
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]
* [[Non-wovens]]
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Smart miniature drug delivery systems]]
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]
* [[Biofuels database sample wiki]]
* [[SC Johnson]]
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]]
| valign = "top" |

=== Landscape Reports ===
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]
* [[Insurance sector]]
* [[CDMA Basics]]
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]]
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]
* [[Transactional memory]]
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]
* [[Antibody against TNF]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

===STN Search Reports===
* [[Markush Search Report]]

=== Dashboard ===
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live]
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]])
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]
| valign = "top" |

=== Dashboard ===
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live]
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]

=== IP Valuation ===

*[[Holographic Image Display]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

=== Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search ===
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]
==== Study: In re Bilski Impact ====
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]
| valign = "top" |

=== Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search ===
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Map Sample]
|-
|}

===Clinical Trial Database===
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]

== Business & Information Research Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50%|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50%|
===Technology===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Diabetes products and services]]
* [[Drug Metabolism]]
* [[Toxicology]]
* [[Osteoporosis]]
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]
| valign=top |
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]
* [[HDTV in the US]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]
* [[Web video]]
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])
* [[Virtualization]]
* [[Cloud Computing]]
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top colspan=2 |

===Finance===
|-
| valign=top colspan=2 |
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]
|}

== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
| align = "top" |

==== Dashboard 1.1 ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboarddemo/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)]
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]
* [[Access details]]
==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====

==== IP and Products dashboard ====
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]

==== Patent-pathway mapping ====
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]
==== Sequence dashboard ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]

==== Design analysis ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]

==== Innovation explorer ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]
==== KPort ====
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]

|-
|}

=== Dolcera Offerings summary ===
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera offerings summary]]

=== [[Technology Support]] ===

==Like any of these sample reports?==
 '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' 
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com Buy the customized report from Dolcera]'''
|-
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
|-
|}
 

----
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
|-
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493
|}

Main Page

2010-06-03T13:24:56Z

Rajivg: /* Dashboard 1.1 */

__NOTOC__
===[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]===
===[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]]===
===[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]===

== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" |
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" |
===Technology===
|-
| valign = "top" |
=== Landscape reports ===
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]]
* [[RNA Interference]]
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]]
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]
* [[Non-wovens]]
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Smart miniature drug delivery systems]]
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]
* [[Biofuels database sample wiki]]
* [[SC Johnson]]
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]]
| valign = "top" |

=== Landscape Reports ===
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]
* [[Insurance sector]]
* [[CDMA Basics]]
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]]
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]
* [[Transactional memory]]
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]
* [[Antibody against TNF]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

===STN Search Reports===
* [[Markush Search Report]]

=== Dashboard ===
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live]
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]])
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]
| valign = "top" |

=== Dashboard ===
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live]
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]

=== IP Valuation ===

*[[Holographic Image Display]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

=== Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search ===
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]
==== Study: In re Bilski Impact ====
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]
| valign = "top" |

=== Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search ===
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Map Sample]
|-
|}

===Clinical Trial Database===
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]

== Business & Information Research Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50%|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50%|
===Technology===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Diabetes products and services]]
* [[Drug Metabolism]]
* [[Toxicology]]
* [[Osteoporosis]]
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]
| valign=top |
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]
* [[HDTV in the US]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]
* [[Web video]]
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])
* [[Virtualization]]
* [[Cloud Computing]]
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top colspan=2 |

===Finance===
|-
| valign=top colspan=2 |
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]
|}

== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
| align = "top" |

==== Dashboard 1.1 ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboarddemo/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)]
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]

==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====

==== IP and Products dashboard ====
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]

==== Patent-pathway mapping ====
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]
==== Sequence dashboard ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]

==== Design analysis ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]

==== Innovation explorer ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]
==== KPort ====
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]

|-
|}

=== Dolcera Offerings summary ===
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera offerings summary]]

=== [[Technology Support]] ===

==Like any of these sample reports?==
 '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' 
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com Buy the customized report from Dolcera]'''
|-
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
|-
|}
 

----
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
|-
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493
|}

Main Page

2010-03-19T11:11:05Z

Rajivg: /* Dolcera Technology Platforms */

__NOTOC__
===[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]===
===[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]]===
===[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]===

== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" |
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" |
===Technology===
|-
| valign = "top" |
=== Landscape reports ===
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]]
* [[RNA Interference]]
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]]
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]
* [[Non-wovens]]
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Smart miniature drug delivery systems]]
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]
* [[Biofuels database sample wiki]]
* [[SC Johnson]]
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]]
| valign = "top" |

=== Landscape Reports ===
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]
* [[Insurance sector]]
* [[CDMA Basics]]
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]]
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]
* [[Transactional memory]]
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

===STN Search Reports===
* [[Markush Search Report]]

=== Dashboard ===
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live]
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]])
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]
| valign = "top" |

=== Dashboard ===
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live]
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]

=== IP Valuation ===

[[Holographic Image Display]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

=== Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search ===
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]
==== Study: In re Bilski Impact ====
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]
| valign = "top" |

=== Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search ===
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Map Sample]
|-
|}

===Clinical Trial Database===
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]

== Business & Information Research Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50%|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50%|
===Technology===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Diabetes products and services]]
* [[Drug Metabolism]]
* [[Toxicology]]
* [[Osteoporosis]]
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]
| valign=top |
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]
* [[HDTV in the US]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]
* [[Web video]]
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])
* [[Virtualization]]
* [[Cloud Computing]]
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top colspan=2 |

===Finance===
|-
| valign=top colspan=2 |
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]
|}

== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
| align = "top" |

==== Dashboard 1.1 ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboarddemo/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)]
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]

==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====

==== IP and Products dashboard ====
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]

==== Patent-pathway mapping ====
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]
==== Sequence dashboard ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]

==== Design analysis ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]

==== Innovation explorer ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]
==== KPort ====
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]

|-
|}

=== Dolcera Offerings summary ===
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera offerings summary]]

=== [[Technology Support]] ===

==Like any of these sample reports?==
 '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' 
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com Buy the customized report from Dolcera]'''
|-
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
|-
|}
 

----
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
|-
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493
|}

Workflow for creating a Dashboard

2010-03-18T11:18:31Z

Rajivg:

If you already have the patents and you want to populate the Dashboard with those patent numbers,
then we follow the steps mentioned below to create the Dashboard:

'''Step 1:'''
We require the following inputs from you as a first step:
* List of the patent numbers (or) publication numbers
** Please send this information preferably in spreadsheet/text file/MS Word
* List of emails of all the users who need access to this Dashboard
* Title of the parent category in the taxonomy (or) name of the project

'''Step 2:'''
Once all the above inputs are received, Dolcera team will setup a new Dashboard with the following items:
* Parent category with the title given in Step 1.
* All the patents will be listed in the parent category.
* Logins for all the users requested in Step 1 will be set up.

'''Step 3:'''
Dolcera team will send emails to all the users who are given access to this specific Dashboard. Once the emails are sent, the 30-day trial period of the Dashboard usage starts.

'''Step 4:'''
You can start classifying the patents by adding your own categories/sub-categories and then "dragging and dropping" the
patents into the required categories.

'''Contact'''

If you have any troubles/queries regarding Dashboard usage, please email us at '''tech@dolcera.com'''.
You can also reach us at +91 9908060143

Workflow of creating a Dashboard

2010-03-18T11:17:19Z

Rajivg:

Main Page

2010-03-18T11:14:40Z

Rajivg: /* Workflow of creating a Dashboard */

__NOTOC__
===[[#Intellectual Property (IP) Services|Intellectual Property(IP) Services]]===
===[[#Business & Information Research Services|Business and Information Research Services]]===
===[[#Dolcera Technology Platforms|Dolcera Technology Platform]]===

== Intellectual Property (IP) Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" |
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey;width:50%" valign = "top" |
===Technology===
|-
| valign = "top" |
=== Landscape reports ===
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAIoyKuKQ6o Video])
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]]
* [[RNA Interference]]
* [[RNAi Database sample wiki]]
* [[Choline Bitartarate]]
* [[Non-wovens]]
* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plP3TzjYsiQ Video])
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Smart miniature drug delivery systems]]
* [[Silicone Hydrogel contact lens]]
* [[Biofuels database sample wiki]]
* [[SC Johnson]]
* [[Pinene: An off flavor in mango juice]]
| valign = "top" |

=== Landscape Reports ===
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]
* [[Insurance sector]]
* [[CDMA Basics]]
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]]
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]
* [[Transactional memory]]
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]
* [[Interferon For Treatment of Melanoma]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

===STN Search Reports===
* [[Markush Search Report]]

=== Dashboard ===
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live]
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]])
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]
| valign = "top" |

=== Dashboard ===
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live]
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]

=== IP Valuation ===

[[Holographic Image Display]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

=== Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search ===
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]
==== Study: In re Bilski Impact ====
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]
| valign = "top" |

=== Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search ===
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Map Sample]
|-
|}

===Clinical Trial Database===
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]

== Business & Information Research Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50%|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50%|
===Technology===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Diabetes products and services]]
* [[Drug Metabolism]]
* [[Toxicology]]
* [[Osteoporosis]]
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]
| valign=top |
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]
* [[HDTV in the US]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]
* [[Web video]]
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])
* [[Virtualization]]
* [[Cloud Computing]]
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top colspan=2 |

===Finance===
|-
| valign=top colspan=2 |
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]
|}

== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
| align = "top" |

==== Dashboard 1.1 ====
* [http://dolcera.com/auth/dashboard/dashboard.php?workfile_id=12 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)]
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]

==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====

==== IP and Products dashboard ====
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]

==== Patent-pathway mapping ====
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]
==== Sequence dashboard ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]

==== Design analysis ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]

==== Innovation explorer ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]
==== KPort ====
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]

|-
|}

=== Dolcera Offerings summary ===
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera offerings summary]]

=== [[Technology Support]] ===

==Like any of these sample reports?==
 '''These are sample reports with brief analysis''' 
'''Dolcera can provide a comprehensive report customized to your needs'''
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" align="center" "
|style="background:lightgrey" align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''[mailto:info@dolcera.com Buy the customized report from Dolcera]'''
|-
| align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services Patent Analytics Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/business-research-services Market Research Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools/patent-dashboard Purchase Patent Dashboard]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Landscape Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/research-processes Dolcera Processes]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/industries Industry Focus]
|-
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/patent-search/patent-landscapes Patent Search Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/services/ip-patent-analytics-services/alerts-and-updates Patent Alerting Services]
|align = "center"| [http://www.dolcera.com/website_prod/tools Dolcera Tools]
|-
|}
 

----
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
|-
| '''Phone''': +1-650-269-7952, +91-40-2355-3493
|}