DolceraWiki - User contributions [en]

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2011-08-05T16:29:10Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T16:28:46Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T16:28:10Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T16:27:32Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T16:27:01Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T16:25:52Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T16:25:11Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T15:15:52Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T15:15:21Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T15:14:36Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T15:13:41Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T15:12:46Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T15:11:41Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T15:11:00Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T15:07:33Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T15:04:36Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2011-08-05T15:03:30Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

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2010-12-08T18:29:13Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

LTE

2010-12-08T18:28:58Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* Taxonomy */

==Rationale==
* LTE is the most suited technology as it provides higher data rates required for the future and is an advancement over widely used GSM/EDGE/HSPA
* A number of corporate giants are looking towards LTE as the technology enabling future communication
* The following factors are expected to be obtained with the realization of LTE
** Reduced cost per bit
** Increased service provisioning - more services at lower cost with better user experience
** Flexibility of use of existing and new frequency bands
** Simplified architecture, Open interfaces
** Allow for reasonable terminal power consumption

==Background description==

LTE (Long Term Evolution), is the latest standard in the mobile network technology that came into existence because of the growing needs of faster data rates. It is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), which realized this technology. LTE is an advancement to previously realized technologies such as GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSxPA etc.Although LTE is often marketed as 4G, first-release LTE is actually a 3.9G technology since it does not fully comply with the IMT Advanced 4G requirements.
[[Image:299.jpg|centre|300px|thumb|[http://www.unwiredview.com/2009/02/18/verizon-att-lte-details LTE technology ]]]
Voice traffic will be supported mainly as Voice over IP (VoIP) enabling better integration with other multimedia services.LTE is being designed to be a high data rate and low latency system. LTE is also aimed at minimizing cost and power consumption while ensuring backward-compatibility and a cost effective migration from UMTS systems.
[http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/3g-lte-basics.php LTE tutorial]

==Technical details==

===Performance requirements===
LTE is expected to support different types of services including web browsing, FTP, video streaming, VoIP, online gaming, real time video, push-to-talk and push-to-view. Therefore, it is being designed to be a high data rate and low latency system as indicated by the key performance criteria shown below.

[[Image:per.jpg|500px|thumb|centre|[http://www.motorola.com/staticfiles/Business/Solutions/Industry%20Solutions/Service%20Providers/Wireless%20Operators/LTE/_Document/Static%20Files/6834_MotDoc_New.pdf '''Performance Requirements''']]]

==LTE architecture==
[[Image:arch.jpg|700px|thumb|centre|[http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/lte_overview.pdf LTE architecture]]]

===Protocol stack===
[[Image:prot.jpg|600px|thumb|centre|[http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/wireless_access/IEEE-Com-Mag-April-2009-LTE-SAE-Rel-8-link-layer-design.pdf Protocol stack of LTE]]]

===Data flow ===
The data flow through protocol stack can be shown as
[[Image:dataf.jpg|600px|thumb|centre|[http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/wireless_access/IEEE-Com-Mag-April-2009-LTE-SAE-Rel-8-link-layer-design.pdf Dataflow]]]

===LTE frame structure===

In order to maintain synchronization and manage different types of information exchange that need to be carried between the base-station or eNodeB and the User Equipment (UE), LTE system has a defined LTE frame and sub frame structure for the E-UTRA or Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

There are two types of LTE frame structure:

* '''Type 1:used for the LTE FDD mode systems'''
** The basic type 1 LTE frame has an overall length of 10 ms. This is then divided into a total of 20 individual slots. LTE sub frames then consist of two slots - in other words there are ten LTE sub frames within a frame.

[[Image:type1f.jpg|thumb|centre|600px|[http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frame-subframe-structure.php LTE frame structure]]]

* '''Type 2:used for the LTE TDD systems'''
** The frame structure for the type 2 frames used on LTE TDD is somewhat different. The 10 ms frame comprises two half frames, each 5 ms long. The LTE half-frames are further split into five sub frames, each 1ms long.

[[Image:type2f.jpg|thumb|centre|600px|[http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frame-subframe-structure.php LTE frame structure]]]

* The subframes may be divided into standard sub frames of special sub frames. The special sub frames consist of three fields
** DwPTS - Downlink Pilot Time Slot
** GP - Guard Period
** UpPTS - Uplink Pilot Time Slot.

==LTE enabling technologies==

* '''OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)'''
** It is used in the downlink communication of LTE as it can support high data rates
* '''SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA)'''
** It is used in the uplink communication of LTE as it helps in reducing terminal power consumption
* '''MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output)'''
** Helps in obtaining increased data rates with usage of many antennas.
* '''System Architecture Evolution(SAE)'''
** New core network architecture to support the high-throughput / low latency LTE access system
** Simplified network architecture
** All IP network
** All services are via PS domain only, No CS domain
** Support mobility between multiple heterogeneous access system
* '''Fractional frequency reuse'''
** Helps in reusing the frequency so that spectral efficiency can be improved

==Taxonomy==
[[Image:LTE-taxonomy_n.jpeg]]

==MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)==

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technologies introduced in LTE such as spatial multiplexing, transmit diversity, and beamforming are key components for providing higher peak rate at a better system efficiency, which are essential for supporting future broadband data service over wireless links.In Long Term Evolution (LTE), MIMO technologies have been widely used to improve downlink peak rate, cell coverage, as well as average cell throughput.

To achieve this diverse set of objectives, LTE adopted various MIMO technologies including transmit diversity, single user (SU)-MIMO, multiuser (MU)-MIMO, closed-loop rank-1 precoding, and dedicated beamforming. [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcn/2009/302092.html MIMO in LTE]
[[Image:mimo.jpg|thumb|700px|centre|[http://www.radion.co.in/mimo_basics MIMO working]]]

==Concept table for MIMO==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|S.no
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|MIMO
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|OFDMA
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|SCFDMA
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|Interference
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|SDMA
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|HARQ
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|Multipath
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|LTE
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|Others
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|OFDM
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|scfdma
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|HARQ
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multipath near2 effect<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|LTE
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|channel adj2 quality adj2 indication adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|2
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|(orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multipath near2 propagat<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Long term evolution
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|CQICH
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|3
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DTDR
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|ofdma
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|scfdm
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multipath near2 phenomenon
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Evolved packet system
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|4
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|(orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 (multiple adj access)
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Hybrid ARQ
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|System architecture evolution
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|5
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SFBC
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|discrete adj multi adj tone
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SC-FDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|ARQ
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|E-UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|6
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj coding
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DMT
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DFT-spread adj OFDM
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|automatic adj repeat adj request
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|7
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SU adj2 MIMO
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|(adaptive ADJ modulation*)
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DFT-S-OFDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|spatial adj2 adaptation
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Automatic Repeat Query
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|8
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|MU adj2 MIMO
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|sofdm
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Interleaved adj FDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|9
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|10
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|IFDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|11
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|12
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DFT- SOFDM
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|13
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|14
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|15
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|16
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|17
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|18
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|19
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|20
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|21
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|22
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|beam adj2 forming
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|23
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|}

==Control patents==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Abstract'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7295624.PN.&OS=PN/7295624&RS=PN/7295624 US7295624]
|Wireless system with hybrid automatic retransmission request in interference-limited communications
|A wireless receiver for receiving signals from an interference-limited transmitter in an interference-limited system comprising at least one transmit antenna, wherein the signals comprise a plurality of symbols. The receiver comprises a plurality of receive antennas and collection circuitry for collecting a plurality of signal samples with at least one symbol and interference effects. The receiver also comprises suppression circuitry, accumulation circuitry, circuitry for providing estimates of a group of bits, error detection circuitry and circuitry for requesting the transmitter to transmit a retransmission of a packet in response to detecting an error.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6873606.PN.&OS=PN/6873606&RS=PN/6873606 US6873606]
|Rate adaptive transmission scheme for MIMO systems
|A rate adaptive transmission scheme for MIMO systems, which can transmit a variable number of data symbol streams, provide transmit diversity for each data symbol stream, and fully utilize the total transmit power of the system and the full power of each antenna. In one method, at least one data symbol stream is received for transmission from a plurality of antennas. Each data symbol stream is scaled with a respective weight corresponding to the amount of transmit power allocated to that stream. The scaled data symbol stream(s) are multiplied with a transmit basis matrix to provide a plurality of transmit symbol streams for the plurality of antennas. The transmit basis matrix (e.g., a Walsh-Hadamard matrix or a DFT matrix) is defined such that each data symbol stream is transmitted from all antennas and each transmit symbol stream is transmitted at (or near) the full power for the associated antenna.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7233625.PN.&OS=PN/7233625&RS=PN/7233625 US7233625]
|Preamble design for multiple input--multiple output (MIMO), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system
|One or more preambles are inserted into frames of Orthogonal Frequency Multiplexing (OFDM)-Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) signals. The preamble is received by the antennas of a receiver, decoded and compared to known values to provide synchronization, framing, channels estimation, offsets and other corrections to the transmitted signal.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7248559.PN.&OS=PN/7248559&RS=PN/7248559 US7248559]
|Scattered pilot pattern and channel estimation method for MIMO-OFDM systems
|A method and apparatus are provided for reducing the number of pilot symbols within a MIMO-OFDM communication system, and for improving channel estimation within such a system. For each transmitting antenna in an OFDM transmitter, pilot symbols are encoded so as to be unique to the transmitting antenna. The encoded pilot symbols are then inserted into an OFDM frame to form a diamond lattice, the diamond lattices for the different transmitting antennae using the same frequencies but being offset from each other by a single symbol in the time domain. At the OFDM receiver, a channel response is estimated for a symbol central to each diamond of the diamond lattice using a two-dimensional interpolation. The estimated channel responses are smoothed in the frequency domain. The channel responses of remaining symbols are then estimated by interpolation in the frequency domain.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7548506.PN.&OS=PN/7548506&RS=PN/7548506 US7548506]
|System access and synchronization methods for MIMO OFDM communications systems and physical layer packet and preamble design
|A method and apparatus are provided for performing acquisition, synchronization and cell selection within an MIMO-OFDM communication system. A coarse synchronization is performed to determine a searching window. A fine synchronization is then performed by measuring correlations between subsets of signal samples, whose first signal sample lies within the searching window, and known values. The correlations are performed in the frequency domain of the received signal. In a multiple-output OFDM system, each antenna of the OFDM transmitter has a unique known value. The known value is transmitted as pairs of consecutive pilot symbols, each pair of pilot symbols being transmitted at the same subset of sub-carrier frequencies within the OFDM frame.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7120395.PN.&OS=PN/7120395&RS=PN/7120395 US7120395]
|MIMO communications
|The present invention allows a wireless communication system, such as a base station, to select N antennas from an associated group of M antennas for transmitting multiple streams of data to a given user. Based on the channel conditions between the M antennas of the wireless communication system and the multiple antennas at the receiver, the N antennas to use for transmission are selected to enhance channel capacity, signal-to-noise ratios, or a combination thereof. The channel conditions are measured at the receiver, and may be sent back to the wireless communication system for processing or may be processed at the receiver, wherein instructions are transmitted back to the wireless communication system to control antenna selection.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7283499.PN.&OS=PN/7283499&RS=PN/7283499 US7283499]
|Simplified practical rank and mechanism, and associated method, to adapt MIMO modulation in a multi-carrier system with feedback
|A method of adapting transmission parameters in a multicarrier communication system having multiple transmit antennas and/or multiple receive antennas, whereby a statistical parameter of a wideband channel is computed, one type of matrix modulation scheme is selected to be used for a given multicarrier modulation symbol, one type of signal constellation is selected to be used for a given multicarrier modulation symbol, and one concatenated channel coding rate is selected to be used for a given multicarrier modulation symbol. Multicarrier modulation symbols are then transmitted using the selected matrix modulation scheme, signal constellation, and concatenated channel coding rate.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7194040.PN.&OS=PN/7194040&RS=PN/7194040 US7194040]
|Beam-steering and beam-forming for wideband MIMO/MISO systems
|Techniques to perform beam-steering and beam-forming to transmit data on a single eigenmode in a wideband multiple-input channel. In one method, a steering vector is obtained for each of a number of subbands. Depending on how the steering vectors are defined, beam-steering or beam-forming can be achieved for each subband. The total transmit power is allocated to the subbands based on a particular power allocation scheme (e.g., full channel inversion, selective channel inversion, water-filling, or uniform). A scaling value is then obtained for each subband based on its allocated transmit power. Data to be transmitted is coded and modulated to provide modulation symbols. The modulation symbols to be transmitted on each subband are scaled with the subband<nowiki>’</nowiki>s scaling value and further preconditioned with the subband<nowiki>’</nowiki>s steering vector. A stream of preconditioned symbols is then formed for each transmit antenna.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7336727.PN.&OS=PN/7336727&RS=PN/7336727 US7336727]
|Generalized m-rank beamformers for MIMO systems using successive quantization
|The telecommunications system described herein implements a multi-rank beamformer for use in wireless systems equipped with multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas. The multi-rank beamformer uses finite-rate feedback of channel conditions to achieves close to theoretical performance indicated by the water-filling algorithm, while avoiding the computational complexity associated with space time codes. In addition, the multi-rank beamforming system described herein improves on the performance of unit rank beamforming methods by maintaining the gains over space time codes over a broader range of transmission rate
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7702029.PN.&OS=PN/7702029&RS=PN/7702029 US7702029]
|MIMO precoding enabling spatial multiplexing, power allocation and adaptive modulation and coding
|In a closed-loop wireless communication system, a codebook-based feedback mechanism is provided to enable non-unitary precoding for multi-stream transmission, where in each stream is optimized with suitable transmission power allocation and AMC. The codebook-based feedback mechanism uses a precoding codebook having a power allocation matrix which is constrained to specify that beamforming always applies full power to a predetermined beam. With this constraint, a one-bit power allocation feedback index may be used to switch between beamforming and spatial multiplexing.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080247479%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080247479&RS=DN/20080247479 US20080247479]
|Pilot Scheme For A Mimo Communication System
|The present invention employs a pilot scheme for frequency division multiple access (FDM) communication systems, such as single carrier FDM communication systems. A given transmit time interval will include numerous traffic symbols and two or more short pilot symbols, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one traffic symbol and will have a Fourier transform length that is less than the Fourier transform length of any given traffic symbol. Multiple transmitters will generate pilot information and modulate the pilot information onto sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols in an orthogonal manner. Each transmitter may use different sub-carriers within the time and frequency domain, which is encompassed by the short pilot symbols within the transmit time interval. Alternatively, each transmitter may uniquely encode the pilot information using a unique code division multiplexed code and modulate the encoded pilot information onto common sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7630356.PN.&OS=PN/7630356&RS=PN/7630356 US7630356]
|Methods for supporting MIMO transmission in OFDM applications
|Aspects of the present invention provide MAC enhancements to support the PHY features of a MIMO-OFDMA framework. The MAC enhancements involve DL burst assignment to support adaptive MIMO transmission, UL burst assignment to support adaptive MIMO transmission, fast feedback channel operation to support wireless terminal dynamic feedback of MIMO mode selection, for example space time transmit diversity (STTD) or spatial multiplexing (SM), and/or permutation mode selection, for example diversity or adjacent subcarrier mode, dynamic CQICH allocation and de-allocation and the use of CQICH_ID for DL burst allocation. One or more of these enhancements is included in a given implementation. Methods are also provided for implementing the MAC enhancements.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080165875%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080165875&RS=DN/20080165875 US20080165875]
|Multi-user MIMO-SDMA for finite rate feedback systems
|A multi-user MIMO downlink beamforming system with limited feedback is provided to enable preceding for multi-stream transmission, where a channel codeword (u.sub.i) and one or more channel quality indicator values (CQI.sub.A, CQI.sub.B) are computed at the user equipment on the basis of maximizing a predetermined SINR performance metric (.rho..sub.i) which estimates the receive signal-to-noise-ratio (SINR) at the user equipment . The computed codeword (u.sub.i) and CQI values (or differential values related thereto) are quantized and fed back to help the base station which applies a correction to the appropriate CQI value in the course of designing the transmit beamforming vectors w and determining the appropriate modulation and coding level to be used for downlink data transmission.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100142455%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100142455&RS=DN/20100142455 US20100142455]
|Systems and methods for uplink power control
|A method for uplink power control is described. A user equipment (UE) power class may be determined. An uplink multiple access scheme may also be determined. The maximum transmission power for the UE may further be determined according to the determined uplink multiple access scheme and the UE power class.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040082356%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040082356&RS=DN/20040082356 US20040082356]
|MIMO WLAN system
|A multiple-access MIMO WLAN system that employs MIMO, OFDM, and TDD. The system uses a channel structure with a number of configurable transport channels, supports multiple rates and transmission modes, which are configurable based on channel conditions and user terminal capabilities, employs a pilot structure with several types of pilot (e.g., beacon, MIMO, steered reference, and carrier pilots) for different functions, implements rate, timing, and power control loops for proper system operation, and employs random access for system access by the user terminals, fast acknowledgment, and quick resource assignments. Calibration may be performed to account for differences in the frequency responses of transmit/receive chains at the access point and user terminals. The spatial processing may then be simplified by taking advantage of the reciprocal nature of the downlink and uplink and the calibration.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090046800%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090046800&RS=DN/20090046800 US20090046800]
|Feedback and rate adaptation for MIMO transmission in a Time Division Duplexed (TDD) communication system
|Techniques for sending a MIMO transmission in a wireless communication system are described. In one design, a transmitter sends a first reference signal to a receiver. The receiver selects a precoding matrix based on the first reference signal and in accordance with a selection criterion. The receiver estimates noise and interference at the receiver and determines channel quality indicator (CQI) or modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information based on the precoding matrix and the estimated noise and interference. The receiver sends the CQI or MCS information and a second reference signal to the transmitter. The transmitter selects the precoding matrix based on the second reference signal and in accordance with the same selection criterion used by the receiver. The transmitter then sends a MIMO transmission to the receiver based on the CQI or MCS information obtained from the receiver and the precoding matrix selected by the transmitter.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''17'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080188259%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080188259&RS=DN/20080188259 US20080188259]
|CQI reporting for MIMO transmissionin a wireless communication system
|Techniques for determining and reporting channel quality indicator (CQI) information are described. A user equipment (UE) may determine a transmit power per channelization code, P.sub.OVSF, based on the available transmit power and a designated number of channelization codes, e.g., by uniformly distributing the available transmit power across all transport blocks and all of the designated number of channelization codes. The UE may estimate SINRs of multiple transport blocks based on P.sub.OVSF, determine CQI indices for the transport blocks based on the SINRs, and send the CQI indices to a Node B. The Node B may send multiple transport blocks to the UE based on the CQI indices. The Node B may send the transport blocks (i) with the designated number of channelization codes at P.sub.OVSF or (ii) with a second number of channelization codes at P.sub.OVSF, with the transport block sizes being scaled based on the designated and second numbers of channelization codes.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090086849%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090086849&RS=DN/20090086849 US20090086849]
|Method and apparatus of improved circular buffer rate matching for turbo-coded MIMO-OFDM wireless systems
|Methods and apparatus for determining the starting points of redundancy version transmissions in a circular rate matching operation. At least one block of information bits to be transmitted are encoded to generate a plurality of coded bits, which are then segmented into a plurality of sub-blocks of coded bits. Each of the sub-blocks of coded bits is interleaved by using a certain interleaver. The interleaved coded bits of the plurality of sub-blocks are collected and filled into a circular buffer having a plurality of redundancy versions in the circular buffer, with each redundancy version corresponding to a starting bit index in the circular buffer. For each transmission, a subset of bits are selected from the circular buffer by selecting a redundancy version from among the plurality of redundancy version. The selected subset of bits are modulated by using a certain modulation scheme, and are transmitted via at least one antenna. The redundancy versions of the circular being determined such that in at least one pair of redundancy versions, the number of bits between the starting point of a first redundancy version and the starting point of a second redundancy version is not divisible by at least one modulation order.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''19'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060045169%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060045169&RS=DN/20060045169 US20060045169]
|Coded-bit scrambling for multi-stream communication in a mimo channel
|In one embodiment, a multi-input/multi-output system includes a receiver , processor, coded bit scrambler, coded bit descrambler , and transmitter . The receiver generates demodulated symbol streams corresponding to a received signal. The processor generates coded bit sequences from source bit streams when operating in a transmit mode and bit log-likelihood ratio sequences from the information bit streams when operating in a receive mode. The coded bit scrambler scrambles the coded bit sequences to generate scrambled bit streams when in the transmit mode. The coded bit descrambler descrambles the log-likelihood ratio sequences by a real-valued descrambling sequence when operating in the receive mode, and also removes the effect of a scrambling sequence. The transmitter generates a transmit signal corresponding to the scrambled bit streams.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''20'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070105503%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070105503&RS=DN/20070105503 US20070105503]
|Systems and methods for reducing uplink resources to provide channel performance feedback for adjustment of downlink MIMO channel data rates
|Systems and methods for improving the performance of a MIMO wireless communication system by reducing the amount of uplink resources that are needed to provide channel performance feedback for the adjustment of data rates on the downlink MIMO channels. In one embodiment, a method comprises encoding each of a set of data streams according to corresponding data rates, permuting the data streams on a set of MIMO channels according to a full permutation of combinations, transmitting the permuted data streams, receiving the permuted data streams, decoding and determining an SNR for each of the data streams, computing a condensed SNR metric for the set of data streams, providing the condensed metric as feedback, determining a set of individual SNR metrics for the data streams based on the condensed SNR metric, and adjusting the data rates at which the data streams are encoded based on the individual SNR metrics.
|-
|}

==Search strategy (Micropat)==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Scope'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Timeline'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Databases'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''No of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''112290 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''66762 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ("SC-FDMA") or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or ("DFT-S-OFDMA ") or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or ("IFDMA" ) or (" Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access ") or (" DFT- SOFDM ")
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5701 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''93407 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14886 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''54419 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''103119 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''29270 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8917 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''225024 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|1 and 10
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''35704 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "4"|'''Final result in Full spec'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique records'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|''' 15233 Relevancy = 45%'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|MIMO
|H04B0007<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000102 OR H04L000106 OR H01Q0001<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0003<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0005<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0021<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0025<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0009<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000702M OR H04B000704B OR H04B000704M OR H04B000704M3B OR H04B000704M3M OR H04B000704M5 OR H04B000704S OR H04B000706B OR H04B000706B1 OR H04B000706B1R OR H04B000706B2 OR H04B000706B2F OR H04B000706C OR H04B000706C1 OR H04B000706C1B OR H04B000706C1D OR H04B000706C1F3C OR H04B000706C1F5R OR H04B000706C1F5T OR H04B000706C2 OR H04B000706C2C OR H04B000706C2D OR H04B000706C3 OR H04B000706C4 OR H04B000706H OR H04B000706H1 OR H04B000706H2 OR H04B000706H3 OR H04B000706M OR H04B000708B OR H04B000708B2 OR H04B000708B2C OR H04B000708B2R OR H04B000708B4<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708C OR H04B000708H<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708P<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708S<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7B1 OR H04L000106F<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''330557 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|OFDMA
|H04J000104 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000105 OR H04J000900 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001318 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''84933 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''15'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SCFDMA
|H04J000100 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000900 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L002736A OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L002720D1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''79709 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Interference
|H04B001500 OR H04B00110 OR H04B001500 OR H04W005202 OR H04W007204 OR H04W009200 OR H04W007208B OR H04B000169U7 OR H04L002503B OR H04L000100B5E3 OR H04W005202E6
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''42592 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''17'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SDMA
|H04L000106 OR H04L000106T<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000106T7K
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8715 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|HARQ
|H04L000118 OR H04L000118C OR H04L000118D<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000118H OR H04L000118P OR H04L000100B
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16574 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''19'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Multipath
|H04B000702 OR G01S001922 OR H04B000110 OR H04B000702 OR H04W005224 OR H04W007208 OR H04B000110M OR H04W007208B OR G01S000100S1A3 OR G01S000100S2C4 OR G01S001344C OR H04W005224J
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''46753 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''20'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|LTE Synonyms
|H04L001256 OR H04L001240F3 OR H04L001256C
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''163607 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''21'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''31273 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''22'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16525 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''23'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ("SC-FDMA") or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or ("DFT-S-OFDMA ") or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or ("IFDMA" ) or (" Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access ") or (" DFT- SOFDM ")
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''482 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''24'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9937 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''25'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2096 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''26'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6601 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''27'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10409 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''28'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3584 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''29'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1236 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''30'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''37953 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''31'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|21 and 30
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4760 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''32'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with OFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (22 or 14)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2994 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''33'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SCFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (23 or 15)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1219 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''34'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Interference
|(21 and 13) and (24 or 16)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1178 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''35'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SDMA
|(21 and 13) and (25 or 17)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3033 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''36'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with HARQ
|(21 and 13) and (26 or 18)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''365 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''37'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Multipath
|(21 and 13) and (27 or 19)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3433 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''38'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with LTE Synonyms
|(21 and 13) and (28 or 20)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''462 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''39'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Others
|(21 and 13) and 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''259 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''40'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7288 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''41'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|40 Not 11
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1393 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''42'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique records of Query 41'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''761 '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''43'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999" colspan = "4"|'''Final Query'''
|bgcolor = "#999999"|'''12 or 42'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999"|'''15994 Relevancy = 44% '''
|-
|}
'''Disclaimer:''' As there is a restriction of 20000 patents in micropat for creating the worksheet. The patents were divided into two groups based on the earliest priority date and then reduced to a single member family. Therefore there could be some patent family overlap.

==Search strategy (Thomson Innovation)==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Scope'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Timeline'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Databases'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''No of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''156834 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''115047 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (SC-FDMA) or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or (DFT-S-OFDMA ) or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or (IFDMA) or (Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access) or (DFT- SOFDM)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9897 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''139479 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''21381 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''68710 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''151714 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''40642 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13853 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''336636 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|1 and 10
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''50421 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "4"|'''Final result in Full spec'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique INPADOC families'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|''' 12684 Relevancy = 46%'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|MIMO
|H04B0007<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000102 OR H04L000106 OR H01Q0001<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0003<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0005<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0021<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0025<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0009<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000702M OR H04B000704B OR H04B000704M OR H04B000704M3B OR H04B000704M3M OR H04B000704M5 OR H04B000704S OR H04B000706B OR H04B000706B1 OR H04B000706B1R OR H04B000706B2 OR H04B000706B2F OR H04B000706C OR H04B000706C1 OR H04B000706C1B OR H04B000706C1D OR H04B000706C1F3C OR H04B000706C1F5R OR H04B000706C1F5T OR H04B000706C2 OR H04B000706C2C OR H04B000706C2D OR H04B000706C3 OR H04B000706C4 OR H04B000706H OR H04B000706H1 OR H04B000706H2 OR H04B000706H3 OR H04B000706M OR H04B000708B OR H04B000708B2 OR H04B000708B2C OR H04B000708B2R OR H04B000708B4<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708C OR H04B000708H<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708P<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708S<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7B1 OR H04L000106F<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''770144 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|OFDMA
|H04J000104 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000105 OR H04J000900 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001318 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''229099 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''15'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SCFDMA
|H04J000100 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000900 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L002736A OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L002720D1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''220007 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Interference
|H04B001500 OR H04B00110 OR H04B001500 OR H04W005202 OR H04W007204 OR H04W009200 OR H04W007208B OR H04B000169U7 OR H04L002503B OR H04L000100B5E3 OR H04W005202E6
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''117952 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''17'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SDMA
|H04L000106 OR H04L000106T<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000106T7K
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18726 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|HARQ
|H04L000118 OR H04L000118C OR H04L000118D<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000118H OR H04L000118P OR H04L000100B
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''38973 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''19'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Multipath
|H04B000702 OR G01S001922 OR H04B000110 OR H04B000702 OR H04W005224 OR H04W007208 OR H04B000110M OR H04W007208B OR G01S000100S1A3 OR G01S000100S2C4 OR G01S001344C OR H04W005224J
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''122203 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''20'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|LTE Synonyms
|H04L001256 OR H04L001240F3 OR H04L001256C
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''358633 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''21'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''39213 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''22'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''25885 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''23'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (SC-FDMA) or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or (DFT-S-OFDMA) or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or (IFDMA) or (Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access) or (DFT- SOFDM)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''836 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''24'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11741 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''25'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3007 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''26'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8964 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''27'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12281 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''28'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4976 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''29'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2167 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''30'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''53692 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''31'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|21 and 30
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6969 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''32'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with OFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (22 or 14)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3921 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''33'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SCFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (23 or 15)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1513 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''34'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Interference
|(21 and 13) and (24 or 16)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1603 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''35'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SDMA
|(21 and 13) and (25 or 17)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2946 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''36'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with HARQ
|(21 and 13) and (26 or 18)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''503 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''37'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Multipath
|(21 and 13) and (27 or 19)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2946 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''38'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with LTE Synonyms
|(21 and 13) and (28 or 20)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''428 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''39'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Others
|(21 and 13) and 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''582 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''40'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5798 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''41'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|40 Not 11
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''0 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''42'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique INPADOC families of Query 41'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''0 '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''43'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999" colspan = "4"|'''Final Query'''
|bgcolor = "#999999"|'''12 or 42'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999"|'''12684 Relevancy = 46% '''
|-
|}

==Patent mapping by graphical analysis==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Sno.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Title'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Figure analyzed'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Analyzed result'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Standard mapped into'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|1
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070217538%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070217538&RS=DN/20070217538 US20070217538A1]
|Systems and methods for improving performance of multiple spatial communication channels
|align = "center"| [[Media:2007.pdf|Figure 4]]
|align = "center"| DL data rate: 220 M bps for 3x3 advanced MIMO-SVD
|align = "center"|[http://www.3gpp.org/LTE LTE release 8, category 4]
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|2
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090232229%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090232229&RS=DN/20090232229 US20090232229A1]
|Device, system and method of resource allocation in a wireless network
|align = "center"|[[Media:2009.pdf|Figure 2A]]
|align = "center"| DL data rate: 210 M bps for a 2x2 MIMO at cell centre
|align = "center"|[http://www.3gpp.org/LTE LTE release 8, category 5]
|-
|}

==Patent ranking==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Sno.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''US Class (primary)'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Title'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Publication Year'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Priority Year(s)'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Legal status'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Rank'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|1
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070217538%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070217538&RS=DN/20070217538 US20070217538A1]
|align = "center"|375267
|Systems and methods for improving performance of multiple spatial communication channels
|align = "center"|2007
|align = "center"|2006
|align = "center"|Patented Case
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|2
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090232229%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090232229&RS=DN/20090232229 US20090232229A1]
|align = "center"|375260
|Device, system and method of resource allocation in a wireless network
|align = "center"|2009
|align = "center"|2008
|align = "center"|Docketed New Case - Ready for Examination
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|3
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080187066%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080187066&RS=DN/20080187066 US20080187066A1]
|align = "center"|375267
|Detection method and apparatus for a multi-stream MIMO
|align = "center"|2008
|align = "center"|2007
|align = "center"|Non Final Action Mailed
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|4
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7796546.PN.&OS=PN/7796546&RS=PN/7796546 US7796546B2]
|align = "center"|370315
|Apparatus and method for supporting multiple links in a network using frequency bands
|align = "center"|2007
|align = "center"|2006
|align = "center"|Patented Case
|align = "center"|4
|-
|}

'''Disclaimer:''' Patent ranking has been done according to the following logic:
*'''Rank-1:''' Granted + LTE-MIMO related (claims)
*'''Rank-2''': Published + LTE-MIMO related (claims)
*'''Rank-3''': LTE-MIMO related (Full spec )
*'''Rank-4''': May be relevant or Abandoned or Expired

==Sample analysis sheet==
[[media:samsheet.xls|Sample analysis sheet for LTE-MIMO]]

==Company wise distribution of IP==
[[Image:t30f.jpg|thumb|1200px|centre|Company wise distribution of IP]]

'''Note:'''
* The subsidiaries of '''Nokia''' includes : Nokia Telecommunication Oy and Nokia Siemens.
* The subsidiaries of Ericsson includes : Ericsson GE Mobile Communications Inc, LM Ericsson, ST-Ericsson,Sony Ericcson.
* The Subsidiaries of Alcatel includes : Alcatel-Lucent, Alcatel Shangai bell company, Alcatel Transmission, Lucent Technologies, CIT Alcatel.
* The Subsidiaries of NTT includes : Nippondenso Co, NTT Docomo.
* The subsidiaries of NEC Corp includes : NEC Access technica Ltd.,NEC Laboratories.
* The subsidiaries of Phlilps includes : Philips Electronics, Philips Intellectual property & standards.
* The subsidiaries of Fujistu includes : Fujistu ten Limited, Fujitsu Microelectronics Limited.
* The subsidiaries of AT&T includes : AT&T Mobility, AT & T BLS Intellectual Property, AT&T Bell Laboratories, AT&T Wireless Services Inc., BellSouth Intellectual Property Corporation.

==Filing trends over the years==
[[Image:ftf.jpg|thumb|1000px|centre|Filing trends over the years]]

==Filing trends for top 10 companies==
[[Image:t10f.jpg|thumb|1000px|centre|Filing trends for top 10 companies]]

==Year by year trends of top 5 companies==
[[Image:fttf.jpg|thumb|1000px|centre|Year by year trends of top 5 companies]]

==References==
* Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Sköld, Per Beming, "3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband", 2nd edition, Academic Press, 2008,
* Mustafa Ergen, "Mobile Broadband - Including WiMAX and LTE", Springer, NY, 2009
* Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, and Matthew Baker, "LTE - The UMTS Long Term Evolution - From Theory to Practice", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
* Borko Furht, Syed A. Ahson, "Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio And Cellular Technology", CRC Press, 2009,
* Ezio Biglieri, Robert calderbank, Anthony Constantinides et.al ,"MIMO Wireless Communications" Cambridge University Press, 2007
----
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LTE

2010-12-08T18:28:23Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* Taxonomy */

==Rationale==
* LTE is the most suited technology as it provides higher data rates required for the future and is an advancement over widely used GSM/EDGE/HSPA
* A number of corporate giants are looking towards LTE as the technology enabling future communication
* The following factors are expected to be obtained with the realization of LTE
** Reduced cost per bit
** Increased service provisioning - more services at lower cost with better user experience
** Flexibility of use of existing and new frequency bands
** Simplified architecture, Open interfaces
** Allow for reasonable terminal power consumption

==Background description==

LTE (Long Term Evolution), is the latest standard in the mobile network technology that came into existence because of the growing needs of faster data rates. It is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), which realized this technology. LTE is an advancement to previously realized technologies such as GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSxPA etc.Although LTE is often marketed as 4G, first-release LTE is actually a 3.9G technology since it does not fully comply with the IMT Advanced 4G requirements.
[[Image:299.jpg|centre|300px|thumb|[http://www.unwiredview.com/2009/02/18/verizon-att-lte-details LTE technology ]]]
Voice traffic will be supported mainly as Voice over IP (VoIP) enabling better integration with other multimedia services.LTE is being designed to be a high data rate and low latency system. LTE is also aimed at minimizing cost and power consumption while ensuring backward-compatibility and a cost effective migration from UMTS systems.
[http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/3g-lte-basics.php LTE tutorial]

==Technical details==

===Performance requirements===
LTE is expected to support different types of services including web browsing, FTP, video streaming, VoIP, online gaming, real time video, push-to-talk and push-to-view. Therefore, it is being designed to be a high data rate and low latency system as indicated by the key performance criteria shown below.

[[Image:per.jpg|500px|thumb|centre|[http://www.motorola.com/staticfiles/Business/Solutions/Industry%20Solutions/Service%20Providers/Wireless%20Operators/LTE/_Document/Static%20Files/6834_MotDoc_New.pdf '''Performance Requirements''']]]

==LTE architecture==
[[Image:arch.jpg|700px|thumb|centre|[http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/lte_overview.pdf LTE architecture]]]

===Protocol stack===
[[Image:prot.jpg|600px|thumb|centre|[http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/wireless_access/IEEE-Com-Mag-April-2009-LTE-SAE-Rel-8-link-layer-design.pdf Protocol stack of LTE]]]

===Data flow ===
The data flow through protocol stack can be shown as
[[Image:dataf.jpg|600px|thumb|centre|[http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/wireless_access/IEEE-Com-Mag-April-2009-LTE-SAE-Rel-8-link-layer-design.pdf Dataflow]]]

===LTE frame structure===

In order to maintain synchronization and manage different types of information exchange that need to be carried between the base-station or eNodeB and the User Equipment (UE), LTE system has a defined LTE frame and sub frame structure for the E-UTRA or Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

There are two types of LTE frame structure:

* '''Type 1:used for the LTE FDD mode systems'''
** The basic type 1 LTE frame has an overall length of 10 ms. This is then divided into a total of 20 individual slots. LTE sub frames then consist of two slots - in other words there are ten LTE sub frames within a frame.

[[Image:type1f.jpg|thumb|centre|600px|[http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frame-subframe-structure.php LTE frame structure]]]

* '''Type 2:used for the LTE TDD systems'''
** The frame structure for the type 2 frames used on LTE TDD is somewhat different. The 10 ms frame comprises two half frames, each 5 ms long. The LTE half-frames are further split into five sub frames, each 1ms long.

[[Image:type2f.jpg|thumb|centre|600px|[http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frame-subframe-structure.php LTE frame structure]]]

* The subframes may be divided into standard sub frames of special sub frames. The special sub frames consist of three fields
** DwPTS - Downlink Pilot Time Slot
** GP - Guard Period
** UpPTS - Uplink Pilot Time Slot.

==LTE enabling technologies==

* '''OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)'''
** It is used in the downlink communication of LTE as it can support high data rates
* '''SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA)'''
** It is used in the uplink communication of LTE as it helps in reducing terminal power consumption
* '''MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output)'''
** Helps in obtaining increased data rates with usage of many antennas.
* '''System Architecture Evolution(SAE)'''
** New core network architecture to support the high-throughput / low latency LTE access system
** Simplified network architecture
** All IP network
** All services are via PS domain only, No CS domain
** Support mobility between multiple heterogeneous access system
* '''Fractional frequency reuse'''
** Helps in reusing the frequency so that spectral efficiency can be improved

==Taxonomy==
[[Image:LTE-taxonomy_n.mm]]

==MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)==

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technologies introduced in LTE such as spatial multiplexing, transmit diversity, and beamforming are key components for providing higher peak rate at a better system efficiency, which are essential for supporting future broadband data service over wireless links.In Long Term Evolution (LTE), MIMO technologies have been widely used to improve downlink peak rate, cell coverage, as well as average cell throughput.

To achieve this diverse set of objectives, LTE adopted various MIMO technologies including transmit diversity, single user (SU)-MIMO, multiuser (MU)-MIMO, closed-loop rank-1 precoding, and dedicated beamforming. [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcn/2009/302092.html MIMO in LTE]
[[Image:mimo.jpg|thumb|700px|centre|[http://www.radion.co.in/mimo_basics MIMO working]]]

==Concept table for MIMO==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|S.no
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|MIMO
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|OFDMA
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|SCFDMA
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|Interference
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|SDMA
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|HARQ
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|Multipath
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|LTE
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|Others
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|OFDM
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|scfdma
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|HARQ
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multipath near2 effect<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|LTE
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|channel adj2 quality adj2 indication adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|2
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|(orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multipath near2 propagat<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Long term evolution
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|CQICH
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|3
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DTDR
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|ofdma
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|scfdm
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multipath near2 phenomenon
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Evolved packet system
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|4
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|(orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 (multiple adj access)
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Hybrid ARQ
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|System architecture evolution
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|5
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SFBC
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|discrete adj multi adj tone
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SC-FDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|ARQ
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|E-UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|6
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj coding
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DMT
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DFT-spread adj OFDM
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|automatic adj repeat adj request
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|7
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SU adj2 MIMO
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|(adaptive ADJ modulation*)
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DFT-S-OFDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|spatial adj2 adaptation
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Automatic Repeat Query
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|8
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|MU adj2 MIMO
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|sofdm
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Interleaved adj FDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|9
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|10
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|IFDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|11
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|12
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DFT- SOFDM
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|13
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|14
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|15
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|16
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|17
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|18
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|19
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|20
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|21
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|22
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|beam adj2 forming
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|23
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|}

==Control patents==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Abstract'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7295624.PN.&OS=PN/7295624&RS=PN/7295624 US7295624]
|Wireless system with hybrid automatic retransmission request in interference-limited communications
|A wireless receiver for receiving signals from an interference-limited transmitter in an interference-limited system comprising at least one transmit antenna, wherein the signals comprise a plurality of symbols. The receiver comprises a plurality of receive antennas and collection circuitry for collecting a plurality of signal samples with at least one symbol and interference effects. The receiver also comprises suppression circuitry, accumulation circuitry, circuitry for providing estimates of a group of bits, error detection circuitry and circuitry for requesting the transmitter to transmit a retransmission of a packet in response to detecting an error.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6873606.PN.&OS=PN/6873606&RS=PN/6873606 US6873606]
|Rate adaptive transmission scheme for MIMO systems
|A rate adaptive transmission scheme for MIMO systems, which can transmit a variable number of data symbol streams, provide transmit diversity for each data symbol stream, and fully utilize the total transmit power of the system and the full power of each antenna. In one method, at least one data symbol stream is received for transmission from a plurality of antennas. Each data symbol stream is scaled with a respective weight corresponding to the amount of transmit power allocated to that stream. The scaled data symbol stream(s) are multiplied with a transmit basis matrix to provide a plurality of transmit symbol streams for the plurality of antennas. The transmit basis matrix (e.g., a Walsh-Hadamard matrix or a DFT matrix) is defined such that each data symbol stream is transmitted from all antennas and each transmit symbol stream is transmitted at (or near) the full power for the associated antenna.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7233625.PN.&OS=PN/7233625&RS=PN/7233625 US7233625]
|Preamble design for multiple input--multiple output (MIMO), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system
|One or more preambles are inserted into frames of Orthogonal Frequency Multiplexing (OFDM)-Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) signals. The preamble is received by the antennas of a receiver, decoded and compared to known values to provide synchronization, framing, channels estimation, offsets and other corrections to the transmitted signal.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7248559.PN.&OS=PN/7248559&RS=PN/7248559 US7248559]
|Scattered pilot pattern and channel estimation method for MIMO-OFDM systems
|A method and apparatus are provided for reducing the number of pilot symbols within a MIMO-OFDM communication system, and for improving channel estimation within such a system. For each transmitting antenna in an OFDM transmitter, pilot symbols are encoded so as to be unique to the transmitting antenna. The encoded pilot symbols are then inserted into an OFDM frame to form a diamond lattice, the diamond lattices for the different transmitting antennae using the same frequencies but being offset from each other by a single symbol in the time domain. At the OFDM receiver, a channel response is estimated for a symbol central to each diamond of the diamond lattice using a two-dimensional interpolation. The estimated channel responses are smoothed in the frequency domain. The channel responses of remaining symbols are then estimated by interpolation in the frequency domain.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7548506.PN.&OS=PN/7548506&RS=PN/7548506 US7548506]
|System access and synchronization methods for MIMO OFDM communications systems and physical layer packet and preamble design
|A method and apparatus are provided for performing acquisition, synchronization and cell selection within an MIMO-OFDM communication system. A coarse synchronization is performed to determine a searching window. A fine synchronization is then performed by measuring correlations between subsets of signal samples, whose first signal sample lies within the searching window, and known values. The correlations are performed in the frequency domain of the received signal. In a multiple-output OFDM system, each antenna of the OFDM transmitter has a unique known value. The known value is transmitted as pairs of consecutive pilot symbols, each pair of pilot symbols being transmitted at the same subset of sub-carrier frequencies within the OFDM frame.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7120395.PN.&OS=PN/7120395&RS=PN/7120395 US7120395]
|MIMO communications
|The present invention allows a wireless communication system, such as a base station, to select N antennas from an associated group of M antennas for transmitting multiple streams of data to a given user. Based on the channel conditions between the M antennas of the wireless communication system and the multiple antennas at the receiver, the N antennas to use for transmission are selected to enhance channel capacity, signal-to-noise ratios, or a combination thereof. The channel conditions are measured at the receiver, and may be sent back to the wireless communication system for processing or may be processed at the receiver, wherein instructions are transmitted back to the wireless communication system to control antenna selection.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7283499.PN.&OS=PN/7283499&RS=PN/7283499 US7283499]
|Simplified practical rank and mechanism, and associated method, to adapt MIMO modulation in a multi-carrier system with feedback
|A method of adapting transmission parameters in a multicarrier communication system having multiple transmit antennas and/or multiple receive antennas, whereby a statistical parameter of a wideband channel is computed, one type of matrix modulation scheme is selected to be used for a given multicarrier modulation symbol, one type of signal constellation is selected to be used for a given multicarrier modulation symbol, and one concatenated channel coding rate is selected to be used for a given multicarrier modulation symbol. Multicarrier modulation symbols are then transmitted using the selected matrix modulation scheme, signal constellation, and concatenated channel coding rate.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7194040.PN.&OS=PN/7194040&RS=PN/7194040 US7194040]
|Beam-steering and beam-forming for wideband MIMO/MISO systems
|Techniques to perform beam-steering and beam-forming to transmit data on a single eigenmode in a wideband multiple-input channel. In one method, a steering vector is obtained for each of a number of subbands. Depending on how the steering vectors are defined, beam-steering or beam-forming can be achieved for each subband. The total transmit power is allocated to the subbands based on a particular power allocation scheme (e.g., full channel inversion, selective channel inversion, water-filling, or uniform). A scaling value is then obtained for each subband based on its allocated transmit power. Data to be transmitted is coded and modulated to provide modulation symbols. The modulation symbols to be transmitted on each subband are scaled with the subband<nowiki>’</nowiki>s scaling value and further preconditioned with the subband<nowiki>’</nowiki>s steering vector. A stream of preconditioned symbols is then formed for each transmit antenna.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7336727.PN.&OS=PN/7336727&RS=PN/7336727 US7336727]
|Generalized m-rank beamformers for MIMO systems using successive quantization
|The telecommunications system described herein implements a multi-rank beamformer for use in wireless systems equipped with multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas. The multi-rank beamformer uses finite-rate feedback of channel conditions to achieves close to theoretical performance indicated by the water-filling algorithm, while avoiding the computational complexity associated with space time codes. In addition, the multi-rank beamforming system described herein improves on the performance of unit rank beamforming methods by maintaining the gains over space time codes over a broader range of transmission rate
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7702029.PN.&OS=PN/7702029&RS=PN/7702029 US7702029]
|MIMO precoding enabling spatial multiplexing, power allocation and adaptive modulation and coding
|In a closed-loop wireless communication system, a codebook-based feedback mechanism is provided to enable non-unitary precoding for multi-stream transmission, where in each stream is optimized with suitable transmission power allocation and AMC. The codebook-based feedback mechanism uses a precoding codebook having a power allocation matrix which is constrained to specify that beamforming always applies full power to a predetermined beam. With this constraint, a one-bit power allocation feedback index may be used to switch between beamforming and spatial multiplexing.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080247479%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080247479&RS=DN/20080247479 US20080247479]
|Pilot Scheme For A Mimo Communication System
|The present invention employs a pilot scheme for frequency division multiple access (FDM) communication systems, such as single carrier FDM communication systems. A given transmit time interval will include numerous traffic symbols and two or more short pilot symbols, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one traffic symbol and will have a Fourier transform length that is less than the Fourier transform length of any given traffic symbol. Multiple transmitters will generate pilot information and modulate the pilot information onto sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols in an orthogonal manner. Each transmitter may use different sub-carriers within the time and frequency domain, which is encompassed by the short pilot symbols within the transmit time interval. Alternatively, each transmitter may uniquely encode the pilot information using a unique code division multiplexed code and modulate the encoded pilot information onto common sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7630356.PN.&OS=PN/7630356&RS=PN/7630356 US7630356]
|Methods for supporting MIMO transmission in OFDM applications
|Aspects of the present invention provide MAC enhancements to support the PHY features of a MIMO-OFDMA framework. The MAC enhancements involve DL burst assignment to support adaptive MIMO transmission, UL burst assignment to support adaptive MIMO transmission, fast feedback channel operation to support wireless terminal dynamic feedback of MIMO mode selection, for example space time transmit diversity (STTD) or spatial multiplexing (SM), and/or permutation mode selection, for example diversity or adjacent subcarrier mode, dynamic CQICH allocation and de-allocation and the use of CQICH_ID for DL burst allocation. One or more of these enhancements is included in a given implementation. Methods are also provided for implementing the MAC enhancements.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080165875%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080165875&RS=DN/20080165875 US20080165875]
|Multi-user MIMO-SDMA for finite rate feedback systems
|A multi-user MIMO downlink beamforming system with limited feedback is provided to enable preceding for multi-stream transmission, where a channel codeword (u.sub.i) and one or more channel quality indicator values (CQI.sub.A, CQI.sub.B) are computed at the user equipment on the basis of maximizing a predetermined SINR performance metric (.rho..sub.i) which estimates the receive signal-to-noise-ratio (SINR) at the user equipment . The computed codeword (u.sub.i) and CQI values (or differential values related thereto) are quantized and fed back to help the base station which applies a correction to the appropriate CQI value in the course of designing the transmit beamforming vectors w and determining the appropriate modulation and coding level to be used for downlink data transmission.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100142455%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100142455&RS=DN/20100142455 US20100142455]
|Systems and methods for uplink power control
|A method for uplink power control is described. A user equipment (UE) power class may be determined. An uplink multiple access scheme may also be determined. The maximum transmission power for the UE may further be determined according to the determined uplink multiple access scheme and the UE power class.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040082356%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040082356&RS=DN/20040082356 US20040082356]
|MIMO WLAN system
|A multiple-access MIMO WLAN system that employs MIMO, OFDM, and TDD. The system uses a channel structure with a number of configurable transport channels, supports multiple rates and transmission modes, which are configurable based on channel conditions and user terminal capabilities, employs a pilot structure with several types of pilot (e.g., beacon, MIMO, steered reference, and carrier pilots) for different functions, implements rate, timing, and power control loops for proper system operation, and employs random access for system access by the user terminals, fast acknowledgment, and quick resource assignments. Calibration may be performed to account for differences in the frequency responses of transmit/receive chains at the access point and user terminals. The spatial processing may then be simplified by taking advantage of the reciprocal nature of the downlink and uplink and the calibration.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090046800%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090046800&RS=DN/20090046800 US20090046800]
|Feedback and rate adaptation for MIMO transmission in a Time Division Duplexed (TDD) communication system
|Techniques for sending a MIMO transmission in a wireless communication system are described. In one design, a transmitter sends a first reference signal to a receiver. The receiver selects a precoding matrix based on the first reference signal and in accordance with a selection criterion. The receiver estimates noise and interference at the receiver and determines channel quality indicator (CQI) or modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information based on the precoding matrix and the estimated noise and interference. The receiver sends the CQI or MCS information and a second reference signal to the transmitter. The transmitter selects the precoding matrix based on the second reference signal and in accordance with the same selection criterion used by the receiver. The transmitter then sends a MIMO transmission to the receiver based on the CQI or MCS information obtained from the receiver and the precoding matrix selected by the transmitter.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''17'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080188259%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080188259&RS=DN/20080188259 US20080188259]
|CQI reporting for MIMO transmissionin a wireless communication system
|Techniques for determining and reporting channel quality indicator (CQI) information are described. A user equipment (UE) may determine a transmit power per channelization code, P.sub.OVSF, based on the available transmit power and a designated number of channelization codes, e.g., by uniformly distributing the available transmit power across all transport blocks and all of the designated number of channelization codes. The UE may estimate SINRs of multiple transport blocks based on P.sub.OVSF, determine CQI indices for the transport blocks based on the SINRs, and send the CQI indices to a Node B. The Node B may send multiple transport blocks to the UE based on the CQI indices. The Node B may send the transport blocks (i) with the designated number of channelization codes at P.sub.OVSF or (ii) with a second number of channelization codes at P.sub.OVSF, with the transport block sizes being scaled based on the designated and second numbers of channelization codes.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090086849%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090086849&RS=DN/20090086849 US20090086849]
|Method and apparatus of improved circular buffer rate matching for turbo-coded MIMO-OFDM wireless systems
|Methods and apparatus for determining the starting points of redundancy version transmissions in a circular rate matching operation. At least one block of information bits to be transmitted are encoded to generate a plurality of coded bits, which are then segmented into a plurality of sub-blocks of coded bits. Each of the sub-blocks of coded bits is interleaved by using a certain interleaver. The interleaved coded bits of the plurality of sub-blocks are collected and filled into a circular buffer having a plurality of redundancy versions in the circular buffer, with each redundancy version corresponding to a starting bit index in the circular buffer. For each transmission, a subset of bits are selected from the circular buffer by selecting a redundancy version from among the plurality of redundancy version. The selected subset of bits are modulated by using a certain modulation scheme, and are transmitted via at least one antenna. The redundancy versions of the circular being determined such that in at least one pair of redundancy versions, the number of bits between the starting point of a first redundancy version and the starting point of a second redundancy version is not divisible by at least one modulation order.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''19'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060045169%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060045169&RS=DN/20060045169 US20060045169]
|Coded-bit scrambling for multi-stream communication in a mimo channel
|In one embodiment, a multi-input/multi-output system includes a receiver , processor, coded bit scrambler, coded bit descrambler , and transmitter . The receiver generates demodulated symbol streams corresponding to a received signal. The processor generates coded bit sequences from source bit streams when operating in a transmit mode and bit log-likelihood ratio sequences from the information bit streams when operating in a receive mode. The coded bit scrambler scrambles the coded bit sequences to generate scrambled bit streams when in the transmit mode. The coded bit descrambler descrambles the log-likelihood ratio sequences by a real-valued descrambling sequence when operating in the receive mode, and also removes the effect of a scrambling sequence. The transmitter generates a transmit signal corresponding to the scrambled bit streams.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''20'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070105503%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070105503&RS=DN/20070105503 US20070105503]
|Systems and methods for reducing uplink resources to provide channel performance feedback for adjustment of downlink MIMO channel data rates
|Systems and methods for improving the performance of a MIMO wireless communication system by reducing the amount of uplink resources that are needed to provide channel performance feedback for the adjustment of data rates on the downlink MIMO channels. In one embodiment, a method comprises encoding each of a set of data streams according to corresponding data rates, permuting the data streams on a set of MIMO channels according to a full permutation of combinations, transmitting the permuted data streams, receiving the permuted data streams, decoding and determining an SNR for each of the data streams, computing a condensed SNR metric for the set of data streams, providing the condensed metric as feedback, determining a set of individual SNR metrics for the data streams based on the condensed SNR metric, and adjusting the data rates at which the data streams are encoded based on the individual SNR metrics.
|-
|}

==Search strategy (Micropat)==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Scope'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Timeline'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Databases'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''No of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''112290 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''66762 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ("SC-FDMA") or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or ("DFT-S-OFDMA ") or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or ("IFDMA" ) or (" Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access ") or (" DFT- SOFDM ")
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5701 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''93407 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14886 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''54419 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''103119 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''29270 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8917 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''225024 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|1 and 10
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''35704 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "4"|'''Final result in Full spec'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique records'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|''' 15233 Relevancy = 45%'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|MIMO
|H04B0007<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000102 OR H04L000106 OR H01Q0001<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0003<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0005<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0021<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0025<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0009<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000702M OR H04B000704B OR H04B000704M OR H04B000704M3B OR H04B000704M3M OR H04B000704M5 OR H04B000704S OR H04B000706B OR H04B000706B1 OR H04B000706B1R OR H04B000706B2 OR H04B000706B2F OR H04B000706C OR H04B000706C1 OR H04B000706C1B OR H04B000706C1D OR H04B000706C1F3C OR H04B000706C1F5R OR H04B000706C1F5T OR H04B000706C2 OR H04B000706C2C OR H04B000706C2D OR H04B000706C3 OR H04B000706C4 OR H04B000706H OR H04B000706H1 OR H04B000706H2 OR H04B000706H3 OR H04B000706M OR H04B000708B OR H04B000708B2 OR H04B000708B2C OR H04B000708B2R OR H04B000708B4<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708C OR H04B000708H<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708P<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708S<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7B1 OR H04L000106F<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''330557 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|OFDMA
|H04J000104 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000105 OR H04J000900 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001318 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''84933 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''15'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SCFDMA
|H04J000100 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000900 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L002736A OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L002720D1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''79709 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Interference
|H04B001500 OR H04B00110 OR H04B001500 OR H04W005202 OR H04W007204 OR H04W009200 OR H04W007208B OR H04B000169U7 OR H04L002503B OR H04L000100B5E3 OR H04W005202E6
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''42592 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''17'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SDMA
|H04L000106 OR H04L000106T<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000106T7K
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8715 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|HARQ
|H04L000118 OR H04L000118C OR H04L000118D<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000118H OR H04L000118P OR H04L000100B
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16574 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''19'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Multipath
|H04B000702 OR G01S001922 OR H04B000110 OR H04B000702 OR H04W005224 OR H04W007208 OR H04B000110M OR H04W007208B OR G01S000100S1A3 OR G01S000100S2C4 OR G01S001344C OR H04W005224J
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''46753 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''20'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|LTE Synonyms
|H04L001256 OR H04L001240F3 OR H04L001256C
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''163607 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''21'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''31273 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''22'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16525 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''23'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ("SC-FDMA") or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or ("DFT-S-OFDMA ") or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or ("IFDMA" ) or (" Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access ") or (" DFT- SOFDM ")
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''482 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''24'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9937 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''25'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2096 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''26'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6601 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''27'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10409 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''28'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3584 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''29'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1236 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''30'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''37953 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''31'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|21 and 30
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4760 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''32'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with OFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (22 or 14)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2994 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''33'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SCFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (23 or 15)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1219 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''34'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Interference
|(21 and 13) and (24 or 16)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1178 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''35'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SDMA
|(21 and 13) and (25 or 17)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3033 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''36'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with HARQ
|(21 and 13) and (26 or 18)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''365 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''37'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Multipath
|(21 and 13) and (27 or 19)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3433 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''38'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with LTE Synonyms
|(21 and 13) and (28 or 20)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''462 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''39'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Others
|(21 and 13) and 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''259 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''40'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7288 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''41'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|40 Not 11
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1393 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''42'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique records of Query 41'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''761 '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''43'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999" colspan = "4"|'''Final Query'''
|bgcolor = "#999999"|'''12 or 42'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999"|'''15994 Relevancy = 44% '''
|-
|}
'''Disclaimer:''' As there is a restriction of 20000 patents in micropat for creating the worksheet. The patents were divided into two groups based on the earliest priority date and then reduced to a single member family. Therefore there could be some patent family overlap.

==Search strategy (Thomson Innovation)==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Scope'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Timeline'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Databases'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''No of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''156834 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''115047 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (SC-FDMA) or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or (DFT-S-OFDMA ) or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or (IFDMA) or (Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access) or (DFT- SOFDM)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9897 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''139479 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''21381 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''68710 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''151714 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''40642 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13853 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''336636 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|1 and 10
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''50421 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "4"|'''Final result in Full spec'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique INPADOC families'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|''' 12684 Relevancy = 46%'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|MIMO
|H04B0007<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000102 OR H04L000106 OR H01Q0001<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0003<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0005<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0021<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0025<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0009<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000702M OR H04B000704B OR H04B000704M OR H04B000704M3B OR H04B000704M3M OR H04B000704M5 OR H04B000704S OR H04B000706B OR H04B000706B1 OR H04B000706B1R OR H04B000706B2 OR H04B000706B2F OR H04B000706C OR H04B000706C1 OR H04B000706C1B OR H04B000706C1D OR H04B000706C1F3C OR H04B000706C1F5R OR H04B000706C1F5T OR H04B000706C2 OR H04B000706C2C OR H04B000706C2D OR H04B000706C3 OR H04B000706C4 OR H04B000706H OR H04B000706H1 OR H04B000706H2 OR H04B000706H3 OR H04B000706M OR H04B000708B OR H04B000708B2 OR H04B000708B2C OR H04B000708B2R OR H04B000708B4<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708C OR H04B000708H<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708P<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708S<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7B1 OR H04L000106F<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''770144 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|OFDMA
|H04J000104 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000105 OR H04J000900 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001318 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''229099 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''15'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SCFDMA
|H04J000100 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000900 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L002736A OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L002720D1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''220007 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Interference
|H04B001500 OR H04B00110 OR H04B001500 OR H04W005202 OR H04W007204 OR H04W009200 OR H04W007208B OR H04B000169U7 OR H04L002503B OR H04L000100B5E3 OR H04W005202E6
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''117952 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''17'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SDMA
|H04L000106 OR H04L000106T<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000106T7K
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18726 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|HARQ
|H04L000118 OR H04L000118C OR H04L000118D<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000118H OR H04L000118P OR H04L000100B
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''38973 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''19'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Multipath
|H04B000702 OR G01S001922 OR H04B000110 OR H04B000702 OR H04W005224 OR H04W007208 OR H04B000110M OR H04W007208B OR G01S000100S1A3 OR G01S000100S2C4 OR G01S001344C OR H04W005224J
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''122203 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''20'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|LTE Synonyms
|H04L001256 OR H04L001240F3 OR H04L001256C
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''358633 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''21'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''39213 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''22'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''25885 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''23'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (SC-FDMA) or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or (DFT-S-OFDMA) or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or (IFDMA) or (Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access) or (DFT- SOFDM)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''836 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''24'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11741 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''25'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3007 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''26'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8964 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''27'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12281 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''28'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4976 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''29'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2167 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''30'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''53692 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''31'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|21 and 30
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6969 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''32'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with OFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (22 or 14)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3921 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''33'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SCFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (23 or 15)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1513 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''34'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Interference
|(21 and 13) and (24 or 16)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1603 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''35'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SDMA
|(21 and 13) and (25 or 17)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2946 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''36'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with HARQ
|(21 and 13) and (26 or 18)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''503 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''37'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Multipath
|(21 and 13) and (27 or 19)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2946 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''38'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with LTE Synonyms
|(21 and 13) and (28 or 20)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''428 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''39'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Others
|(21 and 13) and 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''582 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''40'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5798 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''41'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|40 Not 11
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''0 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''42'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique INPADOC families of Query 41'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''0 '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''43'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999" colspan = "4"|'''Final Query'''
|bgcolor = "#999999"|'''12 or 42'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999"|'''12684 Relevancy = 46% '''
|-
|}

==Patent mapping by graphical analysis==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Sno.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Title'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Figure analyzed'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Analyzed result'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Standard mapped into'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|1
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070217538%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070217538&RS=DN/20070217538 US20070217538A1]
|Systems and methods for improving performance of multiple spatial communication channels
|align = "center"| [[Media:2007.pdf|Figure 4]]
|align = "center"| DL data rate: 220 M bps for 3x3 advanced MIMO-SVD
|align = "center"|[http://www.3gpp.org/LTE LTE release 8, category 4]
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|2
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090232229%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090232229&RS=DN/20090232229 US20090232229A1]
|Device, system and method of resource allocation in a wireless network
|align = "center"|[[Media:2009.pdf|Figure 2A]]
|align = "center"| DL data rate: 210 M bps for a 2x2 MIMO at cell centre
|align = "center"|[http://www.3gpp.org/LTE LTE release 8, category 5]
|-
|}

==Patent ranking==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Sno.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''US Class (primary)'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Title'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Publication Year'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Priority Year(s)'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Legal status'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Rank'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|1
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070217538%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070217538&RS=DN/20070217538 US20070217538A1]
|align = "center"|375267
|Systems and methods for improving performance of multiple spatial communication channels
|align = "center"|2007
|align = "center"|2006
|align = "center"|Patented Case
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|2
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090232229%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090232229&RS=DN/20090232229 US20090232229A1]
|align = "center"|375260
|Device, system and method of resource allocation in a wireless network
|align = "center"|2009
|align = "center"|2008
|align = "center"|Docketed New Case - Ready for Examination
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|3
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080187066%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080187066&RS=DN/20080187066 US20080187066A1]
|align = "center"|375267
|Detection method and apparatus for a multi-stream MIMO
|align = "center"|2008
|align = "center"|2007
|align = "center"|Non Final Action Mailed
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|4
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7796546.PN.&OS=PN/7796546&RS=PN/7796546 US7796546B2]
|align = "center"|370315
|Apparatus and method for supporting multiple links in a network using frequency bands
|align = "center"|2007
|align = "center"|2006
|align = "center"|Patented Case
|align = "center"|4
|-
|}

'''Disclaimer:''' Patent ranking has been done according to the following logic:
*'''Rank-1:''' Granted + LTE-MIMO related (claims)
*'''Rank-2''': Published + LTE-MIMO related (claims)
*'''Rank-3''': LTE-MIMO related (Full spec )
*'''Rank-4''': May be relevant or Abandoned or Expired

==Sample analysis sheet==
[[media:samsheet.xls|Sample analysis sheet for LTE-MIMO]]

==Company wise distribution of IP==
[[Image:t30f.jpg|thumb|1200px|centre|Company wise distribution of IP]]

'''Note:'''
* The subsidiaries of '''Nokia''' includes : Nokia Telecommunication Oy and Nokia Siemens.
* The subsidiaries of Ericsson includes : Ericsson GE Mobile Communications Inc, LM Ericsson, ST-Ericsson,Sony Ericcson.
* The Subsidiaries of Alcatel includes : Alcatel-Lucent, Alcatel Shangai bell company, Alcatel Transmission, Lucent Technologies, CIT Alcatel.
* The Subsidiaries of NTT includes : Nippondenso Co, NTT Docomo.
* The subsidiaries of NEC Corp includes : NEC Access technica Ltd.,NEC Laboratories.
* The subsidiaries of Phlilps includes : Philips Electronics, Philips Intellectual property & standards.
* The subsidiaries of Fujistu includes : Fujistu ten Limited, Fujitsu Microelectronics Limited.
* The subsidiaries of AT&T includes : AT&T Mobility, AT & T BLS Intellectual Property, AT&T Bell Laboratories, AT&T Wireless Services Inc., BellSouth Intellectual Property Corporation.

==Filing trends over the years==
[[Image:ftf.jpg|thumb|1000px|centre|Filing trends over the years]]

==Filing trends for top 10 companies==
[[Image:t10f.jpg|thumb|1000px|centre|Filing trends for top 10 companies]]

==Year by year trends of top 5 companies==
[[Image:fttf.jpg|thumb|1000px|centre|Year by year trends of top 5 companies]]

==References==
* Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Sköld, Per Beming, "3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband", 2nd edition, Academic Press, 2008,
* Mustafa Ergen, "Mobile Broadband - Including WiMAX and LTE", Springer, NY, 2009
* Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, and Matthew Baker, "LTE - The UMTS Long Term Evolution - From Theory to Practice", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
* Borko Furht, Syed A. Ahson, "Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio And Cellular Technology", CRC Press, 2009,
* Ezio Biglieri, Robert calderbank, Anthony Constantinides et.al ,"MIMO Wireless Communications" Cambridge University Press, 2007
----
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LTE

2010-12-08T18:05:54Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

==Rationale==
* LTE is the most suited technology as it provides higher data rates required for the future and is an advancement over widely used GSM/EDGE/HSPA
* A number of corporate giants are looking towards LTE as the technology enabling future communication
* The following factors are expected to be obtained with the realization of LTE
** Reduced cost per bit
** Increased service provisioning - more services at lower cost with better user experience
** Flexibility of use of existing and new frequency bands
** Simplified architecture, Open interfaces
** Allow for reasonable terminal power consumption

==Background description==

LTE (Long Term Evolution), is the latest standard in the mobile network technology that came into existence because of the growing needs of faster data rates. It is a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), which realized this technology. LTE is an advancement to previously realized technologies such as GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSxPA etc.Although LTE is often marketed as 4G, first-release LTE is actually a 3.9G technology since it does not fully comply with the IMT Advanced 4G requirements.
[[Image:299.jpg|centre|300px|thumb|[http://www.unwiredview.com/2009/02/18/verizon-att-lte-details LTE technology ]]]
Voice traffic will be supported mainly as Voice over IP (VoIP) enabling better integration with other multimedia services.LTE is being designed to be a high data rate and low latency system. LTE is also aimed at minimizing cost and power consumption while ensuring backward-compatibility and a cost effective migration from UMTS systems.
[http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/3g-lte-basics.php LTE tutorial]

==Technical details==

===Performance requirements===
LTE is expected to support different types of services including web browsing, FTP, video streaming, VoIP, online gaming, real time video, push-to-talk and push-to-view. Therefore, it is being designed to be a high data rate and low latency system as indicated by the key performance criteria shown below.

[[Image:per.jpg|500px|thumb|centre|[http://www.motorola.com/staticfiles/Business/Solutions/Industry%20Solutions/Service%20Providers/Wireless%20Operators/LTE/_Document/Static%20Files/6834_MotDoc_New.pdf '''Performance Requirements''']]]

==LTE architecture==
[[Image:arch.jpg|700px|thumb|centre|[http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/lte_overview.pdf LTE architecture]]]

===Protocol stack===
[[Image:prot.jpg|600px|thumb|centre|[http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/wireless_access/IEEE-Com-Mag-April-2009-LTE-SAE-Rel-8-link-layer-design.pdf Protocol stack of LTE]]]

===Data flow ===
The data flow through protocol stack can be shown as
[[Image:dataf.jpg|600px|thumb|centre|[http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/journal_conference_papers/wireless_access/IEEE-Com-Mag-April-2009-LTE-SAE-Rel-8-link-layer-design.pdf Dataflow]]]

===LTE frame structure===

In order to maintain synchronization and manage different types of information exchange that need to be carried between the base-station or eNodeB and the User Equipment (UE), LTE system has a defined LTE frame and sub frame structure for the E-UTRA or Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

There are two types of LTE frame structure:

* '''Type 1:used for the LTE FDD mode systems'''
** The basic type 1 LTE frame has an overall length of 10 ms. This is then divided into a total of 20 individual slots. LTE sub frames then consist of two slots - in other words there are ten LTE sub frames within a frame.

[[Image:type1f.jpg|thumb|centre|600px|[http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frame-subframe-structure.php LTE frame structure]]]

* '''Type 2:used for the LTE TDD systems'''
** The frame structure for the type 2 frames used on LTE TDD is somewhat different. The 10 ms frame comprises two half frames, each 5 ms long. The LTE half-frames are further split into five sub frames, each 1ms long.

[[Image:type2f.jpg|thumb|centre|600px|[http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frame-subframe-structure.php LTE frame structure]]]

* The subframes may be divided into standard sub frames of special sub frames. The special sub frames consist of three fields
** DwPTS - Downlink Pilot Time Slot
** GP - Guard Period
** UpPTS - Uplink Pilot Time Slot.

==LTE enabling technologies==

* '''OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)'''
** It is used in the downlink communication of LTE as it can support high data rates
* '''SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA)'''
** It is used in the uplink communication of LTE as it helps in reducing terminal power consumption
* '''MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output)'''
** Helps in obtaining increased data rates with usage of many antennas.
* '''System Architecture Evolution(SAE)'''
** New core network architecture to support the high-throughput / low latency LTE access system
** Simplified network architecture
** All IP network
** All services are via PS domain only, No CS domain
** Support mobility between multiple heterogeneous access system
* '''Fractional frequency reuse'''
** Helps in reusing the frequency so that spectral efficiency can be improved

==Taxonomy==
<mm>[[LTE-taxonomy_n.mm]]</mm>

==MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)==

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technologies introduced in LTE such as spatial multiplexing, transmit diversity, and beamforming are key components for providing higher peak rate at a better system efficiency, which are essential for supporting future broadband data service over wireless links.In Long Term Evolution (LTE), MIMO technologies have been widely used to improve downlink peak rate, cell coverage, as well as average cell throughput.

To achieve this diverse set of objectives, LTE adopted various MIMO technologies including transmit diversity, single user (SU)-MIMO, multiuser (MU)-MIMO, closed-loop rank-1 precoding, and dedicated beamforming. [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcn/2009/302092.html MIMO in LTE]
[[Image:mimo.jpg|thumb|700px|centre|[http://www.radion.co.in/mimo_basics MIMO working]]]

==Concept table for MIMO==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|S.no
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|MIMO
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|OFDMA
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|SCFDMA
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|Interference
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|SDMA
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|HARQ
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|Multipath
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|LTE
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|Others
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|OFDM
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|scfdma
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|HARQ
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multipath near2 effect<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|LTE
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|channel adj2 quality adj2 indication adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|2
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|(orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multipath near2 propagat<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Long term evolution
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|CQICH
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|3
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DTDR
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|ofdma
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|scfdm
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Multipath near2 phenomenon
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Evolved packet system
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|4
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|(orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 (multiple adj access)
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Hybrid ARQ
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|System architecture evolution
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|5
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SFBC
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|discrete adj multi adj tone
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SC-FDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|ARQ
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|E-UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|6
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj coding
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DMT
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DFT-spread adj OFDM
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|automatic adj repeat adj request
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|7
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|SU adj2 MIMO
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|(adaptive ADJ modulation*)
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DFT-S-OFDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|spatial adj2 adaptation
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Automatic Repeat Query
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|8
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|MU adj2 MIMO
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|sofdm
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Interleaved adj FDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|9
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|10
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|IFDMA
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|11
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|12
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|DFT- SOFDM
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|13
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|14
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|15
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|16
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|17
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|18
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|19
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|20
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|21
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|22
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|beam adj2 forming
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|bgcolor = "#948B54"|23
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|bgcolor = "#EAF1DD"|
|-
|}

==Control patents==

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.No'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Title'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Abstract'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7295624.PN.&OS=PN/7295624&RS=PN/7295624 US7295624]
|Wireless system with hybrid automatic retransmission request in interference-limited communications
|A wireless receiver for receiving signals from an interference-limited transmitter in an interference-limited system comprising at least one transmit antenna, wherein the signals comprise a plurality of symbols. The receiver comprises a plurality of receive antennas and collection circuitry for collecting a plurality of signal samples with at least one symbol and interference effects. The receiver also comprises suppression circuitry, accumulation circuitry, circuitry for providing estimates of a group of bits, error detection circuitry and circuitry for requesting the transmitter to transmit a retransmission of a packet in response to detecting an error.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6873606.PN.&OS=PN/6873606&RS=PN/6873606 US6873606]
|Rate adaptive transmission scheme for MIMO systems
|A rate adaptive transmission scheme for MIMO systems, which can transmit a variable number of data symbol streams, provide transmit diversity for each data symbol stream, and fully utilize the total transmit power of the system and the full power of each antenna. In one method, at least one data symbol stream is received for transmission from a plurality of antennas. Each data symbol stream is scaled with a respective weight corresponding to the amount of transmit power allocated to that stream. The scaled data symbol stream(s) are multiplied with a transmit basis matrix to provide a plurality of transmit symbol streams for the plurality of antennas. The transmit basis matrix (e.g., a Walsh-Hadamard matrix or a DFT matrix) is defined such that each data symbol stream is transmitted from all antennas and each transmit symbol stream is transmitted at (or near) the full power for the associated antenna.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7233625.PN.&OS=PN/7233625&RS=PN/7233625 US7233625]
|Preamble design for multiple input--multiple output (MIMO), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system
|One or more preambles are inserted into frames of Orthogonal Frequency Multiplexing (OFDM)-Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) signals. The preamble is received by the antennas of a receiver, decoded and compared to known values to provide synchronization, framing, channels estimation, offsets and other corrections to the transmitted signal.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7248559.PN.&OS=PN/7248559&RS=PN/7248559 US7248559]
|Scattered pilot pattern and channel estimation method for MIMO-OFDM systems
|A method and apparatus are provided for reducing the number of pilot symbols within a MIMO-OFDM communication system, and for improving channel estimation within such a system. For each transmitting antenna in an OFDM transmitter, pilot symbols are encoded so as to be unique to the transmitting antenna. The encoded pilot symbols are then inserted into an OFDM frame to form a diamond lattice, the diamond lattices for the different transmitting antennae using the same frequencies but being offset from each other by a single symbol in the time domain. At the OFDM receiver, a channel response is estimated for a symbol central to each diamond of the diamond lattice using a two-dimensional interpolation. The estimated channel responses are smoothed in the frequency domain. The channel responses of remaining symbols are then estimated by interpolation in the frequency domain.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7548506.PN.&OS=PN/7548506&RS=PN/7548506 US7548506]
|System access and synchronization methods for MIMO OFDM communications systems and physical layer packet and preamble design
|A method and apparatus are provided for performing acquisition, synchronization and cell selection within an MIMO-OFDM communication system. A coarse synchronization is performed to determine a searching window. A fine synchronization is then performed by measuring correlations between subsets of signal samples, whose first signal sample lies within the searching window, and known values. The correlations are performed in the frequency domain of the received signal. In a multiple-output OFDM system, each antenna of the OFDM transmitter has a unique known value. The known value is transmitted as pairs of consecutive pilot symbols, each pair of pilot symbols being transmitted at the same subset of sub-carrier frequencies within the OFDM frame.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7120395.PN.&OS=PN/7120395&RS=PN/7120395 US7120395]
|MIMO communications
|The present invention allows a wireless communication system, such as a base station, to select N antennas from an associated group of M antennas for transmitting multiple streams of data to a given user. Based on the channel conditions between the M antennas of the wireless communication system and the multiple antennas at the receiver, the N antennas to use for transmission are selected to enhance channel capacity, signal-to-noise ratios, or a combination thereof. The channel conditions are measured at the receiver, and may be sent back to the wireless communication system for processing or may be processed at the receiver, wherein instructions are transmitted back to the wireless communication system to control antenna selection.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7283499.PN.&OS=PN/7283499&RS=PN/7283499 US7283499]
|Simplified practical rank and mechanism, and associated method, to adapt MIMO modulation in a multi-carrier system with feedback
|A method of adapting transmission parameters in a multicarrier communication system having multiple transmit antennas and/or multiple receive antennas, whereby a statistical parameter of a wideband channel is computed, one type of matrix modulation scheme is selected to be used for a given multicarrier modulation symbol, one type of signal constellation is selected to be used for a given multicarrier modulation symbol, and one concatenated channel coding rate is selected to be used for a given multicarrier modulation symbol. Multicarrier modulation symbols are then transmitted using the selected matrix modulation scheme, signal constellation, and concatenated channel coding rate.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7194040.PN.&OS=PN/7194040&RS=PN/7194040 US7194040]
|Beam-steering and beam-forming for wideband MIMO/MISO systems
|Techniques to perform beam-steering and beam-forming to transmit data on a single eigenmode in a wideband multiple-input channel. In one method, a steering vector is obtained for each of a number of subbands. Depending on how the steering vectors are defined, beam-steering or beam-forming can be achieved for each subband. The total transmit power is allocated to the subbands based on a particular power allocation scheme (e.g., full channel inversion, selective channel inversion, water-filling, or uniform). A scaling value is then obtained for each subband based on its allocated transmit power. Data to be transmitted is coded and modulated to provide modulation symbols. The modulation symbols to be transmitted on each subband are scaled with the subband<nowiki>’</nowiki>s scaling value and further preconditioned with the subband<nowiki>’</nowiki>s steering vector. A stream of preconditioned symbols is then formed for each transmit antenna.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7336727.PN.&OS=PN/7336727&RS=PN/7336727 US7336727]
|Generalized m-rank beamformers for MIMO systems using successive quantization
|The telecommunications system described herein implements a multi-rank beamformer for use in wireless systems equipped with multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas. The multi-rank beamformer uses finite-rate feedback of channel conditions to achieves close to theoretical performance indicated by the water-filling algorithm, while avoiding the computational complexity associated with space time codes. In addition, the multi-rank beamforming system described herein improves on the performance of unit rank beamforming methods by maintaining the gains over space time codes over a broader range of transmission rate
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7702029.PN.&OS=PN/7702029&RS=PN/7702029 US7702029]
|MIMO precoding enabling spatial multiplexing, power allocation and adaptive modulation and coding
|In a closed-loop wireless communication system, a codebook-based feedback mechanism is provided to enable non-unitary precoding for multi-stream transmission, where in each stream is optimized with suitable transmission power allocation and AMC. The codebook-based feedback mechanism uses a precoding codebook having a power allocation matrix which is constrained to specify that beamforming always applies full power to a predetermined beam. With this constraint, a one-bit power allocation feedback index may be used to switch between beamforming and spatial multiplexing.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080247479%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080247479&RS=DN/20080247479 US20080247479]
|Pilot Scheme For A Mimo Communication System
|The present invention employs a pilot scheme for frequency division multiple access (FDM) communication systems, such as single carrier FDM communication systems. A given transmit time interval will include numerous traffic symbols and two or more short pilot symbols, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one traffic symbol and will have a Fourier transform length that is less than the Fourier transform length of any given traffic symbol. Multiple transmitters will generate pilot information and modulate the pilot information onto sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols in an orthogonal manner. Each transmitter may use different sub-carriers within the time and frequency domain, which is encompassed by the short pilot symbols within the transmit time interval. Alternatively, each transmitter may uniquely encode the pilot information using a unique code division multiplexed code and modulate the encoded pilot information onto common sub-carriers of the short pilot symbols.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12'''
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7630356.PN.&OS=PN/7630356&RS=PN/7630356 US7630356]
|Methods for supporting MIMO transmission in OFDM applications
|Aspects of the present invention provide MAC enhancements to support the PHY features of a MIMO-OFDMA framework. The MAC enhancements involve DL burst assignment to support adaptive MIMO transmission, UL burst assignment to support adaptive MIMO transmission, fast feedback channel operation to support wireless terminal dynamic feedback of MIMO mode selection, for example space time transmit diversity (STTD) or spatial multiplexing (SM), and/or permutation mode selection, for example diversity or adjacent subcarrier mode, dynamic CQICH allocation and de-allocation and the use of CQICH_ID for DL burst allocation. One or more of these enhancements is included in a given implementation. Methods are also provided for implementing the MAC enhancements.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080165875%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080165875&RS=DN/20080165875 US20080165875]
|Multi-user MIMO-SDMA for finite rate feedback systems
|A multi-user MIMO downlink beamforming system with limited feedback is provided to enable preceding for multi-stream transmission, where a channel codeword (u.sub.i) and one or more channel quality indicator values (CQI.sub.A, CQI.sub.B) are computed at the user equipment on the basis of maximizing a predetermined SINR performance metric (.rho..sub.i) which estimates the receive signal-to-noise-ratio (SINR) at the user equipment . The computed codeword (u.sub.i) and CQI values (or differential values related thereto) are quantized and fed back to help the base station which applies a correction to the appropriate CQI value in the course of designing the transmit beamforming vectors w and determining the appropriate modulation and coding level to be used for downlink data transmission.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220100142455%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20100142455&RS=DN/20100142455 US20100142455]
|Systems and methods for uplink power control
|A method for uplink power control is described. A user equipment (UE) power class may be determined. An uplink multiple access scheme may also be determined. The maximum transmission power for the UE may further be determined according to the determined uplink multiple access scheme and the UE power class.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''15'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220040082356%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20040082356&RS=DN/20040082356 US20040082356]
|MIMO WLAN system
|A multiple-access MIMO WLAN system that employs MIMO, OFDM, and TDD. The system uses a channel structure with a number of configurable transport channels, supports multiple rates and transmission modes, which are configurable based on channel conditions and user terminal capabilities, employs a pilot structure with several types of pilot (e.g., beacon, MIMO, steered reference, and carrier pilots) for different functions, implements rate, timing, and power control loops for proper system operation, and employs random access for system access by the user terminals, fast acknowledgment, and quick resource assignments. Calibration may be performed to account for differences in the frequency responses of transmit/receive chains at the access point and user terminals. The spatial processing may then be simplified by taking advantage of the reciprocal nature of the downlink and uplink and the calibration.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090046800%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090046800&RS=DN/20090046800 US20090046800]
|Feedback and rate adaptation for MIMO transmission in a Time Division Duplexed (TDD) communication system
|Techniques for sending a MIMO transmission in a wireless communication system are described. In one design, a transmitter sends a first reference signal to a receiver. The receiver selects a precoding matrix based on the first reference signal and in accordance with a selection criterion. The receiver estimates noise and interference at the receiver and determines channel quality indicator (CQI) or modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information based on the precoding matrix and the estimated noise and interference. The receiver sends the CQI or MCS information and a second reference signal to the transmitter. The transmitter selects the precoding matrix based on the second reference signal and in accordance with the same selection criterion used by the receiver. The transmitter then sends a MIMO transmission to the receiver based on the CQI or MCS information obtained from the receiver and the precoding matrix selected by the transmitter.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''17'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080188259%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080188259&RS=DN/20080188259 US20080188259]
|CQI reporting for MIMO transmissionin a wireless communication system
|Techniques for determining and reporting channel quality indicator (CQI) information are described. A user equipment (UE) may determine a transmit power per channelization code, P.sub.OVSF, based on the available transmit power and a designated number of channelization codes, e.g., by uniformly distributing the available transmit power across all transport blocks and all of the designated number of channelization codes. The UE may estimate SINRs of multiple transport blocks based on P.sub.OVSF, determine CQI indices for the transport blocks based on the SINRs, and send the CQI indices to a Node B. The Node B may send multiple transport blocks to the UE based on the CQI indices. The Node B may send the transport blocks (i) with the designated number of channelization codes at P.sub.OVSF or (ii) with a second number of channelization codes at P.sub.OVSF, with the transport block sizes being scaled based on the designated and second numbers of channelization codes.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090086849%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090086849&RS=DN/20090086849 US20090086849]
|Method and apparatus of improved circular buffer rate matching for turbo-coded MIMO-OFDM wireless systems
|Methods and apparatus for determining the starting points of redundancy version transmissions in a circular rate matching operation. At least one block of information bits to be transmitted are encoded to generate a plurality of coded bits, which are then segmented into a plurality of sub-blocks of coded bits. Each of the sub-blocks of coded bits is interleaved by using a certain interleaver. The interleaved coded bits of the plurality of sub-blocks are collected and filled into a circular buffer having a plurality of redundancy versions in the circular buffer, with each redundancy version corresponding to a starting bit index in the circular buffer. For each transmission, a subset of bits are selected from the circular buffer by selecting a redundancy version from among the plurality of redundancy version. The selected subset of bits are modulated by using a certain modulation scheme, and are transmitted via at least one antenna. The redundancy versions of the circular being determined such that in at least one pair of redundancy versions, the number of bits between the starting point of a first redundancy version and the starting point of a second redundancy version is not divisible by at least one modulation order.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''19'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220060045169%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20060045169&RS=DN/20060045169 US20060045169]
|Coded-bit scrambling for multi-stream communication in a mimo channel
|In one embodiment, a multi-input/multi-output system includes a receiver , processor, coded bit scrambler, coded bit descrambler , and transmitter . The receiver generates demodulated symbol streams corresponding to a received signal. The processor generates coded bit sequences from source bit streams when operating in a transmit mode and bit log-likelihood ratio sequences from the information bit streams when operating in a receive mode. The coded bit scrambler scrambles the coded bit sequences to generate scrambled bit streams when in the transmit mode. The coded bit descrambler descrambles the log-likelihood ratio sequences by a real-valued descrambling sequence when operating in the receive mode, and also removes the effect of a scrambling sequence. The transmitter generates a transmit signal corresponding to the scrambled bit streams.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''20'''
|align = "center"|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070105503%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070105503&RS=DN/20070105503 US20070105503]
|Systems and methods for reducing uplink resources to provide channel performance feedback for adjustment of downlink MIMO channel data rates
|Systems and methods for improving the performance of a MIMO wireless communication system by reducing the amount of uplink resources that are needed to provide channel performance feedback for the adjustment of data rates on the downlink MIMO channels. In one embodiment, a method comprises encoding each of a set of data streams according to corresponding data rates, permuting the data streams on a set of MIMO channels according to a full permutation of combinations, transmitting the permuted data streams, receiving the permuted data streams, decoding and determining an SNR for each of the data streams, computing a condensed SNR metric for the set of data streams, providing the condensed metric as feedback, determining a set of individual SNR metrics for the data streams based on the condensed SNR metric, and adjusting the data rates at which the data streams are encoded based on the individual SNR metrics.
|-
|}

==Search strategy (Micropat)==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Scope'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Timeline'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Databases'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''No of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''112290 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''66762 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ("SC-FDMA") or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or ("DFT-S-OFDMA ") or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or ("IFDMA" ) or (" Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access ") or (" DFT- SOFDM ")
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5701 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''93407 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14886 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''54419 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''103119 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''29270 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8917 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''225024 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|1 and 10
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''35704 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "4"|'''Final result in Full spec'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique records'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|''' 15233 Relevancy = 45%'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|MIMO
|H04B0007<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000102 OR H04L000106 OR H01Q0001<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0003<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0005<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0021<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0025<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0009<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000702M OR H04B000704B OR H04B000704M OR H04B000704M3B OR H04B000704M3M OR H04B000704M5 OR H04B000704S OR H04B000706B OR H04B000706B1 OR H04B000706B1R OR H04B000706B2 OR H04B000706B2F OR H04B000706C OR H04B000706C1 OR H04B000706C1B OR H04B000706C1D OR H04B000706C1F3C OR H04B000706C1F5R OR H04B000706C1F5T OR H04B000706C2 OR H04B000706C2C OR H04B000706C2D OR H04B000706C3 OR H04B000706C4 OR H04B000706H OR H04B000706H1 OR H04B000706H2 OR H04B000706H3 OR H04B000706M OR H04B000708B OR H04B000708B2 OR H04B000708B2C OR H04B000708B2R OR H04B000708B4<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708C OR H04B000708H<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708P<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708S<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7B1 OR H04L000106F<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''330557 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|OFDMA
|H04J000104 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000105 OR H04J000900 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001318 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''84933 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''15'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SCFDMA
|H04J000100 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000900 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L002736A OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L002720D1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''79709 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Interference
|H04B001500 OR H04B00110 OR H04B001500 OR H04W005202 OR H04W007204 OR H04W009200 OR H04W007208B OR H04B000169U7 OR H04L002503B OR H04L000100B5E3 OR H04W005202E6
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''42592 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''17'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SDMA
|H04L000106 OR H04L000106T<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000106T7K
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8715 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|HARQ
|H04L000118 OR H04L000118C OR H04L000118D<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000118H OR H04L000118P OR H04L000100B
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16574 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''19'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Multipath
|H04B000702 OR G01S001922 OR H04B000110 OR H04B000702 OR H04W005224 OR H04W007208 OR H04B000110M OR H04W007208B OR G01S000100S1A3 OR G01S000100S2C4 OR G01S001344C OR H04W005224J
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''46753 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''20'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|LTE Synonyms
|H04L001256 OR H04L001240F3 OR H04L001256C
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''163607 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''21'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''31273 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''22'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16525 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''23'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ("SC-FDMA") or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or ("DFT-S-OFDMA ") or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or ("IFDMA" ) or (" Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access ") or (" DFT- SOFDM ")
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''482 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''24'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9937 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''25'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2096 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''26'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6601 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''27'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10409 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''28'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3584 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''29'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1236 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''30'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''37953 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''31'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|21 and 30
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4760 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''32'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with OFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (22 or 14)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2994 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''33'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SCFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (23 or 15)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1219 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''34'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Interference
|(21 and 13) and (24 or 16)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1178 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''35'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SDMA
|(21 and 13) and (25 or 17)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3033 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''36'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with HARQ
|(21 and 13) and (26 or 18)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''365 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''37'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Multipath
|(21 and 13) and (27 or 19)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3433 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''38'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with LTE Synonyms
|(21 and 13) and (28 or 20)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''462 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''39'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Others
|(21 and 13) and 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''259 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''40'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7288 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''41'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|40 Not 11
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1393 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''42'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique records of Query 41'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''761 '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''43'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999" colspan = "4"|'''Final Query'''
|bgcolor = "#999999"|'''12 or 42'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999"|'''15994 Relevancy = 44% '''
|-
|}
'''Disclaimer:''' As there is a restriction of 20000 patents in micropat for creating the worksheet. The patents were divided into two groups based on the earliest priority date and then reduced to a single member family. Therefore there could be some patent family overlap.

==Search strategy (Thomson Innovation)==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''S.no'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Scope'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Timeline'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Databases'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Concept'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Query'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''No of hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''156834 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''115047 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (SC-FDMA) or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or (DFT-S-OFDMA ) or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or (IFDMA) or (Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access) or (DFT- SOFDM)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9897 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''139479 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''21381 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''68710 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''7'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''151714 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''40642 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''9'''
|Full spec
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13853 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''10'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''336636 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|1 and 10
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''50421 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "4"|'''Final result in Full spec'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique INPADOC families'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|''' 12684 Relevancy = 46%'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''13'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|MIMO
|H04B0007<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000102 OR H04L000106 OR H01Q0001<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0003<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0005<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0021<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0025<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H01Q0009<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000702M OR H04B000704B OR H04B000704M OR H04B000704M3B OR H04B000704M3M OR H04B000704M5 OR H04B000704S OR H04B000706B OR H04B000706B1 OR H04B000706B1R OR H04B000706B2 OR H04B000706B2F OR H04B000706C OR H04B000706C1 OR H04B000706C1B OR H04B000706C1D OR H04B000706C1F3C OR H04B000706C1F5R OR H04B000706C1F5T OR H04B000706C2 OR H04B000706C2C OR H04B000706C2D OR H04B000706C3 OR H04B000706C4 OR H04B000706H OR H04B000706H1 OR H04B000706H2 OR H04B000706H3 OR H04B000706M OR H04B000708B OR H04B000708B2 OR H04B000708B2C OR H04B000708B2R OR H04B000708B4<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708C OR H04B000708H<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708P<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04B000708S<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000100B7B1 OR H04L000106F<nowiki>*</nowiki>
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''770144 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''14'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|OFDMA
|H04J000104 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000105 OR H04J000900 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001100 OR H04J001318 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''229099 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''15'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SCFDMA
|H04J000100 OR H03D0000100 OR H04B0007204 OR H04B0007208 OR H04J000900 OR H04K000100 OR H04L000500 OR H04L002500 OR H04W007200 OR H04L002736A OR H04B000706C1F7C OR H04B0007204B OR H04B0007204D OR H04L000106T7A OR H04L000500A OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L000500A2A1 OR H04L002720D1 OR H04L0027227A3
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''220007 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''16'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Interference
|H04B001500 OR H04B00110 OR H04B001500 OR H04W005202 OR H04W007204 OR H04W009200 OR H04W007208B OR H04B000169U7 OR H04L002503B OR H04L000100B5E3 OR H04W005202E6
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''117952 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''17'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SDMA
|H04L000106 OR H04L000106T<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000106T7K
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18726 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''18'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|HARQ
|H04L000118 OR H04L000118C OR H04L000118D<nowiki>*</nowiki> OR H04L000118H OR H04L000118P OR H04L000100B
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''38973 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''19'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Multipath
|H04B000702 OR G01S001922 OR H04B000110 OR H04B000702 OR H04W005224 OR H04W007208 OR H04B000110M OR H04W007208B OR G01S000100S1A3 OR G01S000100S2C4 OR G01S001344C OR H04W005224J
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''122203 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''20'''
|IPC and ECLA class
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|LTE Synonyms
|H04L001256 OR H04L001240F3 OR H04L001256C
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''358633 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''21'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|MIMO
|(MIMO OR (Multiple adj input<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj multiple adj output<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Distributed adj transmission adj directional adj reception) OR (transmission adj2 diversit<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (Space adj2 frequency adj2 block adj cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (SU adj2 MIMO) OR (MU adj2 MIMO) OR (space adj2 time adj2 cod<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multi adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 receive<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (atleast adj2 two adj2 antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (layer adj map<nowiki>*</nowiki>4) OR (beam adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (smart adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (spatial adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>3) OR (multiple adj transmit<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (multiple adj receive<nowiki>*</nowiki> adj antenna<nowiki>*</nowiki>1) OR (Adaptive adj2 antenna adj2 steer<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR (beam adj2 forming) OR (eigenmode adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''39213 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''22'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|OFDMA
|OFDM or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division) near2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or ofdma or ((orthogonal adj frequency adj division ) near2 (multiple adj access)) or SOFDM or (discrete ADJ multi ADJ tone) or (adaptive ADJ modulation<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''25885 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''23'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SCFDMA
|scfdma or (SINGLE adj CARRIER adj FREQUENCY adj DIVISION adj MULTIPLE adj ACCESS<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or scfdm or (single adj carrier adj frequency adj division adj multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (SC-FDMA) or (DFT-spread adj OFDM) or (DFT-S-OFDMA) or (Interleaved adj FDMA ) or (Interleaved adj Frequency adj Division adj Multiple adj Access ) or (IFDMA) or (Discrete adj Fourier adj Transform adj Spread adj Orthogonal adj Frequency adj Multiple adj Access) or (DFT- SOFDM)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''836 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''24'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Interference
|(interference near3 mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (interference near3 reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (interference near3 null<nowiki>*</nowiki> )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''11741 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''25'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|SDMA
|(Space adj2 time adj2 transmit adj2 diversity) or (antenna adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or SDMA or (Space adj2 division adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (Space adj2 domain adj2 multiple adj2 access) or (plural<nowiki>*</nowiki> near2 (spatial adj streams)) or (spatial adj2 adaptation) or (adaptive adj2 transmi<nowiki>*</nowiki>) or (Bell adj2 Labs adj2 Layer adj2 Space adj2 Time) or (spatial adj2 multiplex<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3007 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''26'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|HARQ
|HARQ or (Hybrid adj automatic adj repeat adj request) or (Hybrid adj2 ARQ) or (ARQ ) or (automatic adj repeat adj request ) or (Automatic adj Repeat adj Query ) or (feedback adj2 mechani<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''8964 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''27'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Multipath
|Multipath near2 (effect<nowiki>*</nowiki> or propagati<nowiki>*</nowiki> or phenomenon) or interference near3 (mitigate<nowiki>*</nowiki> or reduc<nowiki>*</nowiki> or cancel<nowiki>*</nowiki> or null<nowiki>*</nowiki>)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''12281 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''28'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|LTE Synonyms
|(LTE OR (long ADJ term ADJ evolution) OR (evolved ADJ packet ADJ system) OR (system ADJ architecture ADJ evolution) OR (E ADJ UTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>) OR EUTRA<nowiki>*</nowiki>1 OR (evolved ADJ UMTS ADJ terrestrial ADJ radio ADJ access))
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''4976 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''29'''
|Claims
|1836-date
|USG USA EPA EPB WO DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA Japanese Utility Models, Japanese Granted, Japanese Applications, Chinese Utility Models, Chinese Applications, Korean Utility Models, Korean Granted/Examined, Korean Applications
|Others
|(channel adj2 quality adj2 indicat<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 adj2 channel<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (CQICH) or (Downlink adj2 Channel adj2 Descriptor adj2 message<nowiki>*</nowiki> ) or (adaptive adj2 modulation adj2 coding ) or (pre adj coding<nowiki>*</nowiki>3 ) or (per adj2 antenna adj2 rate adj2 control ) or (permutation adj2 mode adj2 selection )
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2167 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''30'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''53692 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''31'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined Query
|21 and 30
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''6969 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''32'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with OFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (22 or 14)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''3921 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''33'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SCFDMA
|(21 and 13) and (23 or 15)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1513 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''34'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Interference
|(21 and 13) and (24 or 16)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''1603 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''35'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with SDMA
|(21 and 13) and (25 or 17)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2946 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''36'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with HARQ
|(21 and 13) and (26 or 18)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''503 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''37'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Multipath
|(21 and 13) and (27 or 19)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''2946 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''38'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with LTE Synonyms
|(21 and 13) and (28 or 20)
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''428 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''39'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|MIMO with Others
|(21 and 13) and 29
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''582 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''40'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''5798 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''41'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|Combined query
|40 Not 11
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''0 hits'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''42'''
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''No of unique INPADOC families of Query 41'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''0 '''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''43'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999" colspan = "4"|'''Final Query'''
|bgcolor = "#999999"|'''12 or 42'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#999999"|'''12684 Relevancy = 46% '''
|-
|}

==Patent mapping by graphical analysis==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Sno.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Title'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Figure analyzed'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Analyzed result'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Standard mapped into'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|1
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070217538%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070217538&RS=DN/20070217538 US20070217538A1]
|Systems and methods for improving performance of multiple spatial communication channels
|align = "center"| [[Media:2007.pdf|Figure 4]]
|align = "center"| DL data rate: 220 M bps for 3x3 advanced MIMO-SVD
|align = "center"|[http://www.3gpp.org/LTE LTE release 8, category 4]
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|2
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090232229%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090232229&RS=DN/20090232229 US20090232229A1]
|Device, system and method of resource allocation in a wireless network
|align = "center"|[[Media:2009.pdf|Figure 2A]]
|align = "center"| DL data rate: 210 M bps for a 2x2 MIMO at cell centre
|align = "center"|[http://www.3gpp.org/LTE LTE release 8, category 5]
|-
|}

==Patent ranking==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Sno.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''US Class (primary)'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Title'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Publication Year'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Priority Year(s)'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Legal status'''
|bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|'''Rank'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|1
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220070217538%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20070217538&RS=DN/20070217538 US20070217538A1]
|align = "center"|375267
|Systems and methods for improving performance of multiple spatial communication channels
|align = "center"|2007
|align = "center"|2006
|align = "center"|Patented Case
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|2
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220090232229%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20090232229&RS=DN/20090232229 US20090232229A1]
|align = "center"|375260
|Device, system and method of resource allocation in a wireless network
|align = "center"|2009
|align = "center"|2008
|align = "center"|Docketed New Case - Ready for Examination
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|3
|align = "center"|[http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220080187066%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20080187066&RS=DN/20080187066 US20080187066A1]
|align = "center"|375267
|Detection method and apparatus for a multi-stream MIMO
|align = "center"|2008
|align = "center"|2007
|align = "center"|Non Final Action Mailed
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FABF8F"|4
|align = "center"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7796546.PN.&OS=PN/7796546&RS=PN/7796546 US7796546B2]
|align = "center"|370315
|Apparatus and method for supporting multiple links in a network using frequency bands
|align = "center"|2007
|align = "center"|2006
|align = "center"|Patented Case
|align = "center"|4
|-
|}

'''Disclaimer:''' Patent ranking has been done according to the following logic:
*'''Rank-1:''' Granted + LTE-MIMO related (claims)
*'''Rank-2''': Published + LTE-MIMO related (claims)
*'''Rank-3''': LTE-MIMO related (Full spec )
*'''Rank-4''': May be relevant or Abandoned or Expired

==Sample analysis sheet==
[[media:samsheet.xls|Sample analysis sheet for LTE-MIMO]]

==Company wise distribution of IP==
[[Image:t30f.jpg|thumb|1200px|centre|Company wise distribution of IP]]

'''Note:'''
* The subsidiaries of '''Nokia''' includes : Nokia Telecommunication Oy and Nokia Siemens.
* The subsidiaries of Ericsson includes : Ericsson GE Mobile Communications Inc, LM Ericsson, ST-Ericsson,Sony Ericcson.
* The Subsidiaries of Alcatel includes : Alcatel-Lucent, Alcatel Shangai bell company, Alcatel Transmission, Lucent Technologies, CIT Alcatel.
* The Subsidiaries of NTT includes : Nippondenso Co, NTT Docomo.
* The subsidiaries of NEC Corp includes : NEC Access technica Ltd.,NEC Laboratories.
* The subsidiaries of Phlilps includes : Philips Electronics, Philips Intellectual property & standards.
* The subsidiaries of Fujistu includes : Fujistu ten Limited, Fujitsu Microelectronics Limited.
* The subsidiaries of AT&T includes : AT&T Mobility, AT & T BLS Intellectual Property, AT&T Bell Laboratories, AT&T Wireless Services Inc., BellSouth Intellectual Property Corporation.

==Filing trends over the years==
[[Image:ftf.jpg|thumb|1000px|centre|Filing trends over the years]]

==Filing trends for top 10 companies==
[[Image:t10f.jpg|thumb|1000px|centre|Filing trends for top 10 companies]]

==Year by year trends of top 5 companies==
[[Image:fttf.jpg|thumb|1000px|centre|Year by year trends of top 5 companies]]

==References==
* Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Sköld, Per Beming, "3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband", 2nd edition, Academic Press, 2008,
* Mustafa Ergen, "Mobile Broadband - Including WiMAX and LTE", Springer, NY, 2009
* Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, and Matthew Baker, "LTE - The UMTS Long Term Evolution - From Theory to Practice", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
* Borko Furht, Syed A. Ahson, "Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio And Cellular Technology", CRC Press, 2009,
* Ezio Biglieri, Robert calderbank, Anthony Constantinides et.al ,"MIMO Wireless Communications" Cambridge University Press, 2007
----
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2010-12-08T18:05:37Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* Technology */

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=== Landscape reports ===
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* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]
* [[Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)]] | ([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvZqBy8XvIE Video])
* [[Metallic and Ceramic construction materials]]
* [[Transactional memory]]
* [[Invalidation Search on a patent in the semiconductors space|Invalidation Search]]
* [[Golf Club Head Landscape]]
* [[Variable Valve Timing - Sample]]
* [[Wind Energy]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

===STN Search Reports===
* [[Markush Search Report]]

=== Dashboard ===
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard - live]
** ([[Alopecia Areata Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]])
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=587 RNAi Dashboard]
| valign = "top" |

=== Dashboard ===
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard - live]
** [[Automotive Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 WiMAX dashboard - live]
** [[WiMAX Dashboard Screenshots|Screenshots only]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]

=== IP Valuation ===

*[[Holographic Image Display]]
|-
| valign = "top" |

=== Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search ===
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]
* [[Markush Structure Search Sample]]
==== Study: In re Bilski Impact ====
* [[In re Bilski Impact assessed from US PAIR Information]]
| valign = "top" |

=== Prior Art / Invalidation / FTO Search ===
* [[Prior Art Search Process]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/Invalidation_US4825448.htm Invalidation Claim Chart Sample]
|-
|}

===Clinical Trial Database===
*[[Clinical Trial Database]]

== Business & Information Research Services ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50%|
===Life Sciences and Chemistry===
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top width=50%|
===Technology===
|-
| valign=top |
* [[Diabetes products and services]]
* [[Drug Metabolism]]
* [[Toxicology]]
* [[Osteoporosis]]
* [[Oral Diabetes Drugs]]
* [[Ureteral Stent]]
* [[Premium Coffee Consumers Market Segmentation|Premium Coffee - Market Positioning]]
* [[Dolcera's Poster on Industrial Biotechnology|Industrial biotechnology]]
* [[OTC products for acne treatment]]
* [[Botox - from Medical Procedure to Household Word]]
* [[Digestive Remedies Market in India and China]]
| valign=top |
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]
* [[LTE]]
* [[HDTV in the US]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]
* [[Web video]]
* [[OLED Mobile Phones Market Research and Analysis Report]] | ([http://www.viddler.com/explore/dolcera/videos/6/ Video])
* [[Virtualization]]
* [[Cloud Computing]]
* [[Estimation of liquid carrying vehicles in USA]]
* [[A market study on Hybrid vehicles and the concept of V2G]]
* [[Patent Valuation]]
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" valign=top colspan=2 |

===Finance===
|-
| valign=top colspan=2 |
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]
* [[Life Insurance Industry in US]]
|}

== Dolcera Technology Platforms ==
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
| align = "top" |

==== Dashboard 1.1 ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/dashboarddemo/dashboard.php?workfilegroup_id=154 Demo Dashboard (Alopecia)]
** [[Access details]]
* [[Sample list of patent numbers]]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/auth/index.php Dashboard login page]

==== [[Workflow for creating a Dashboard]] ====

==== IP and Products dashboard ====
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
* [[Legal Updates Demo|Legal updates dashboard]]
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 4G wireless product and patent dashboard]

==== Patent-pathway mapping ====
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs#Interactive signaling pathways and patents|Patent-pathway mapping]]
==== Sequence dashboard ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dna/main.html Sequence dashboard]

==== Design analysis ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/website/demos/dental/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]

==== Innovation explorer ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics innovation explorer]
==== KPort ====
* [http://dolcera.com/website/demos/kport/main.html Collaboration Portal]

|-
|}

=== Dolcera Offerings summary ===
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera offerings summary]]

=== [[Technology Support]] ===

==Like any of these sample reports?==
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----
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Contact Dolcera
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
|-
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|}

Patent Valuation

2010-12-08T16:34:04Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* Calculation of Value of IP */

==Patent valuation for a Communication firm==

==XXXXXX==
The major claim of XXXXXX is that of a multimode communication device -- It is a device that allows a phone or device to have more than one network e.g. Apple i-Phone has both Wi-Fi & Mobile capabilities. Similarly some new phones even claim both GSM & CDMA capabilties.

The Application is a continuity of Patent No. XXXXXXX which essential talks about supporting voice communication via packet network.

The Patent is in turn a continuity of Patent No. XXXXXXX which covers communication network system which supports the transmission of both voice and Data.

The patent is in turn a continuity of Patent No. XXXXXXX which in essence is a wireless communication network supporting the trasmission of voice and Data inside a premises.

The filing date of Patent No XXXXXX is Oct Xth 19XX, that means that if granted XXXXX will have a period till Oct XXth 20XX. [[http://portal.uspto.gov/external/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLN4gPMATJgFieAfqRqCLGpugijnABX4_83FT9IKBEpDlQxNDCRz8qJzU9MblSP1jfWz9AvyA3NDSi3NsRAHxEBJg!/delta/base64xml/L0lJSk03dWlDU1lKSi9vQXd3QUFNWWdBQ0VJUWhDRUVJaEZLQSEvNEZHZ2RZbktKMEZSb1hmckNIZGgvN18wXzE4TC8yNC9zYS5nZXRCaWI!#7_0_18L USPTO PAIR]]

'''*UPDATE - The USPTO has granted the application with a project patent No. XXXXX to be issued on XXth May 20XX, and they have issued an extension of 1686 Days (4 yr and 225 Days) i.e. till XXth May 20XX (est.)
'''

==Fixed Mobile Convergence==
Fixed Mobile Convergence is a service in which the same handset has access to services through a fixed network in addition to a wireless network. The same handset can be used in the home and office and also send and receive cellular calls when traveling in the wider world.

FMC suffered early on from too many technical approaches and too few standards. A number of operators conducted trials but hesitated to commit to full deployment. Fortunately, that period is behind us. Standards have been established and the industry seems to have coalesced around the dual mode WiFi/cellular approach. Operator trials have been replaced by new product announcements and large scale deployments have begun—at least in the consumer segment.

FMC can be accomplished in a variety of ways. Figure I-1 compares three of the most common FMC configurations in consumer homes with the existing scenario: Wireless substitution, Voice over Wireless Local Area Network (VoWLAN), and Fixed Cellular.[[http://www.insight-corp.com/reports/fmc07.asp Insight Research]]

[[Image:Fig_2-1.jpg]]

Dual-mode FMC: This form of fixed mobile convergence relies upon dual-mode phones (i.e., mobile cellular and Wi-Fi) and phone-based clients to enable users to seamlessly roam between a wireless LAN (WLAN) and a cellular network. Examples include Agito's RoamAnywhere, and DiVitas' Mobile Unified Communication [[http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/tip/The-benefits-of-dual-mode-fixed-mobile-convergence Search Mobile Computing]]

==Dual Mode Phones==
A dual-mode phone is a telephone which uses more than one technique for sending and receiving voice and data. This could be for wireless mobile phones or for wired phones.

There are three types of dual mode phones:
1. Network Compatibility : Mobile phones containing two types of cellular radios for voice and data. These phones include combination of GSM and CDMA technology

2. Cellular and Non-cellular Radios : Mobile phones containing both cellular and non-cellular radios used for voice and data communication.

3. Wired Phones : Wired phones with VoIP and POTS technology. These phones can be used for making VoIP calls and also used for phones on the circuit switch network [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_mode_mobile Wikipedia - Article on Dual Mode Mobile]]

We will limit our analyses to the second type,

===Why add Wi-Fi to cell phones?===
*Carriers:
***Network offload
***Increase coverage without build-out
*Businesses:
***Reduce bills
***Increase reach of corporate phone system
***Bring cellular devices under control of IT dept.
*Consumers:
***Usable browser
***Better coverage at home
***More service options [[http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&ved=0CAgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.tmcnet.com%2Fexpo%2Fcomm-dev07%2Fpresentations%2Fwm02-standford-wirevolution.ppt&ei=ipbWS_jWDIri7API98SJAw&usg=AFQjCNEzCI-IYW95QsDoU0zeVnWdhYLKGQ&sig2=nitCSctxI4g0Perzv2DI_g Stanford, Michael's presentation on Application Development for Dual Mode Phones]]

===Market===
*Market size estimates vary – roughly 200 million Wi-Fi enabled phones to be sold in 2010.
**Mainly smartphones
**Dwarfs estimates for Wi-Fi only phones

====Shipment of Dual Mode Phones Worldwide====
[[Image:Shipment.JPG]]

* Figures in Millions[[http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&ved=0CAgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.tmcnet.com%2Fexpo%2Fcomm-dev07%2Fpresentations%2Fwm02-standford-wirevolution.ppt&ei=ipbWS_jWDIri7API98SJAw&usg=AFQjCNEzCI-IYW95QsDoU0zeVnWdhYLKGQ&sig2=nitCSctxI4g0Perzv2DI_g Stanford, Michael's presentation on Application Development for Dual Mode Phones]]

===Analysis===
As indicated by [[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&at=31&locale=en_EP&FT=D&CC=US&NR=2005008002A1&KC=A1 Espacenet]] all the forms in which the patent has been published are restricted to US, thus for the same reason, we shall restrict our analysis to the US too.

===Forecast for US Market===

Assumptions (Possible Points of Failures)
* The rate growth of the growth of Dual Mode market remains same for 2014
* The forecasts made by [[http://gorumors.com/crunchies/wi-fi-mobile-phones-as-percentage-of-total-mobile-handsets/ Techcrunch]] are fit.
'''* UPDATE: The patent is now valid till 12th May 2020 (extension by USPTO) thus these valuations need to be extended till 2020.'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="78%"
|align = "center"|'''Year'''
|align = "center"|'''% of Wifi Enabled Phones'''
|align = "center"|'''Number of Mobile Phone Subscribers (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Number of Wifi Enabled Phones (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Growth Rate'''
|align = "center"|'''Change in Growth Rate'''
|-
|align = "center"|2008
|align = "center"|8.20%
|align = "center"|228.2
|align = "center"|18.7124
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|2009
|align = "center"|11.50%
|align = "center"|235
|align = "center"|27.025
|align = "center"|44.42295
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|2010
|align = "center"|16%
|align = "center"|242
|align = "center"|38.72
|align = "center"|43.27475
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>2.58471
|-
|align = "center"|2011
|align = "center"|21.30%
|align = "center"|247.4
|align = "center"|52.6962
|align = "center"|36.09556
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>16.5898
|-
|align = "center"|2012
|align = "center"|25.90%
|align = "center"|251.5
|align = "center"|65.1385
|align = "center"|23.61138
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>34.5865
|-
|align = "center"|2013
|align = "center"|29%
|align = "center"|255.4
|align = "center"|74.066
|align = "center"|13.70541
|align = "center"|-41.9542
|-
|align = "center"|2014
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|84.21705068
|align = "center"|7.955415
|align = "center"|-41.9542
|-
|align = "center"|2015
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|90.91686658
|align = "center"|4.617784
|align = "center"| 
|-
|}

===Calculation of Value of IP===
Assumptions
* Discount Rate taken as 10% as given by [[http://www.editgrid.com/user/wikiwealth/Wiki_Wealth_Data-WACC-Discount-Rate Wikihealth]] for xxxx
* The diffusion of innovation is independent of the price of the multimode IC

Case I:
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="69%"
|align = "center"|'''Year'''
|align = "center"|'''Number of Wifi Enabled Phones (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Price of Device'''
|align = "center"|'''Market Size (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Discounted Present Values (USD Mn)'''
|-
|align = "center"|2010
|align = "center"|38.72
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|387.2
|align = "center"|387.2
|-
|align = "center"|2011
|align = "center"|52.6962
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|526.962
|align = "center"|479.0563636
|-
|align = "center"|2012
|align = "center"|65.1385
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|651.385
|align = "center"|538.3347107
|-
|align = "center"|2013
|align = "center"|74.066
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|740.66
|align = "center"|556.4688204
|-
|align = "center"|2014
|align = "center"|84.21705068
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|842.1705068
|align = "center"|575.2137879
|-
|align = "center"|2015
|align = "center"|90.91686658
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|909.1686658
|align = "center"|564.5222109
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|PV of Revenues
|align = "center"|3100.795894
|-
|}

Case II:
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="66%"
|align = "center"|'''Year'''
|align = "center"|'''Number of Wifi Enabled Phones (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Price of Device'''
|align = "center"|'''Market Size (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Discounted Present Values (USD Mn)'''
|-
|align = "center"|2010
|align = "center"|38.72
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|580.8
|align = "center"|580.8
|-
|align = "center"|2011
|align = "center"|52.6962
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|790.443
|align = "center"|718.5845455
|-
|align = "center"|2012
|align = "center"|65.1385
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|977.0775
|align = "center"|807.5020661
|-
|align = "center"|2013
|align = "center"|74.066
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|1110.99
|align = "center"|834.7032307
|-
|align = "center"|2014
|align = "center"|84.21705068
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|1263.25576
|align = "center"|862.8206818
|-
|align = "center"|2015
|align = "center"|90.91686658
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|1363.752999
|align = "center"|846.7833163
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|PV of Revenues
|align = "center"|4651.19384
|-
|}

Case III:
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="66%"
|align = "center"|'''Year'''
|align = "center"|'''Number of Wifi Enabled Phones (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Price of Device'''
|align = "center"|'''Market Size (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Discounted Present Values (USD Mn)'''
|-
|align = "center"|2010
|align = "center"|38.72
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|774.4
|align = "center"|774.4
|-
|align = "center"|2011
|align = "center"|52.6962
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|1053.924
|align = "center"|958.1127273
|-
|align = "center"|2012
|align = "center"|65.1385
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|1302.77
|align = "center"|1076.669421
|-
|align = "center"|2013
|align = "center"|74.066
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|1481.32
|align = "center"|1112.937641
|-
|align = "center"|2014
|align = "center"|84.21705068
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|1684.341014
|align = "center"|1150.427576
|-
|align = "center"|2015
|align = "center"|90.91686658
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|1818.337332
|align = "center"|1129.044422
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|PV of Revenues
|align = "center"|6201.591787
|-
|}

Logic for Pricing
The device claims include
* a first receiver and transmitter for communicating via a first wireless communication network;
* a second receiver and transmitter for communicating via a second wireless communication network; and
* at least one processor communicatively coupled to the first receiver and transmitter and the second receiver and transmitter, [[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/claims?DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20050113&CC=US&NR=2005008002A1&KC=A1&tree=true Espacenet]]

And taking Iphone 3GS's components' pricing, the device can replace following
* Samsung Application Processor (Price: $14.46)
* Infineon Baseband Processor (Price: $13.00) (Not sure if this is replaceable)
* Broadcom Bluetooth/FM/WLAN (Price: $5.95)
* Infineon RF Transreceiver (Price: $2.25) [[http://www.isuppli.com/News/Pages/iPhone-3G-S-Carries-178-96-BOM-and-Manufacturing-Cost-iSuppli-Teardown-Reveals.aspx iSuppli]]

Royalty Rate: 7% (Telecom) [[http://www.royaltysource.com/news/Becker%20and%20Lu%20Royalty%20Rate-Market%20Structure%20Paper.pdf Royalty Rate Market Structure]]

IP Valuation
Case I: $217 Mn (Approx.)
Case II: $325.5 Mn (Approx.)
Case III: $434 Mn (Approx)

If Priced as $40 (when it can replace base band processor too and performs better) then the valuation = $838 Mn

Net Present Value of IP = Value - Licensing & Other Costs
'''
* UPDATE: The patent is now valid till XXth May 20XX (extension by USPTO) thus these valuations need to be extended till 20XX. The same applies for all family members of the patent.'''

Patent Valuation

2010-12-08T16:32:58Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* 10/801,472 */

==Patent valuation for a Communication firm==

==XXXXXX==
The major claim of XXXXXX is that of a multimode communication device -- It is a device that allows a phone or device to have more than one network e.g. Apple i-Phone has both Wi-Fi & Mobile capabilities. Similarly some new phones even claim both GSM & CDMA capabilties.

The Application is a continuity of Patent No. XXXXXXX which essential talks about supporting voice communication via packet network.

The Patent is in turn a continuity of Patent No. XXXXXXX which covers communication network system which supports the transmission of both voice and Data.

The patent is in turn a continuity of Patent No. XXXXXXX which in essence is a wireless communication network supporting the trasmission of voice and Data inside a premises.

The filing date of Patent No XXXXXX is Oct Xth 19XX, that means that if granted XXXXX will have a period till Oct XXth 20XX. [[http://portal.uspto.gov/external/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLN4gPMATJgFieAfqRqCLGpugijnABX4_83FT9IKBEpDlQxNDCRz8qJzU9MblSP1jfWz9AvyA3NDSi3NsRAHxEBJg!/delta/base64xml/L0lJSk03dWlDU1lKSi9vQXd3QUFNWWdBQ0VJUWhDRUVJaEZLQSEvNEZHZ2RZbktKMEZSb1hmckNIZGgvN18wXzE4TC8yNC9zYS5nZXRCaWI!#7_0_18L USPTO PAIR]]

'''*UPDATE - The USPTO has granted the application with a project patent No. XXXXX to be issued on XXth May 20XX, and they have issued an extension of 1686 Days (4 yr and 225 Days) i.e. till XXth May 20XX (est.)
'''

==Fixed Mobile Convergence==
Fixed Mobile Convergence is a service in which the same handset has access to services through a fixed network in addition to a wireless network. The same handset can be used in the home and office and also send and receive cellular calls when traveling in the wider world.

FMC suffered early on from too many technical approaches and too few standards. A number of operators conducted trials but hesitated to commit to full deployment. Fortunately, that period is behind us. Standards have been established and the industry seems to have coalesced around the dual mode WiFi/cellular approach. Operator trials have been replaced by new product announcements and large scale deployments have begun—at least in the consumer segment.

FMC can be accomplished in a variety of ways. Figure I-1 compares three of the most common FMC configurations in consumer homes with the existing scenario: Wireless substitution, Voice over Wireless Local Area Network (VoWLAN), and Fixed Cellular.[[http://www.insight-corp.com/reports/fmc07.asp Insight Research]]

[[Image:Fig_2-1.jpg]]

Dual-mode FMC: This form of fixed mobile convergence relies upon dual-mode phones (i.e., mobile cellular and Wi-Fi) and phone-based clients to enable users to seamlessly roam between a wireless LAN (WLAN) and a cellular network. Examples include Agito's RoamAnywhere, and DiVitas' Mobile Unified Communication [[http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/tip/The-benefits-of-dual-mode-fixed-mobile-convergence Search Mobile Computing]]

==Dual Mode Phones==
A dual-mode phone is a telephone which uses more than one technique for sending and receiving voice and data. This could be for wireless mobile phones or for wired phones.

There are three types of dual mode phones:
1. Network Compatibility : Mobile phones containing two types of cellular radios for voice and data. These phones include combination of GSM and CDMA technology

2. Cellular and Non-cellular Radios : Mobile phones containing both cellular and non-cellular radios used for voice and data communication.

3. Wired Phones : Wired phones with VoIP and POTS technology. These phones can be used for making VoIP calls and also used for phones on the circuit switch network [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_mode_mobile Wikipedia - Article on Dual Mode Mobile]]

We will limit our analyses to the second type,

===Why add Wi-Fi to cell phones?===
*Carriers:
***Network offload
***Increase coverage without build-out
*Businesses:
***Reduce bills
***Increase reach of corporate phone system
***Bring cellular devices under control of IT dept.
*Consumers:
***Usable browser
***Better coverage at home
***More service options [[http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&ved=0CAgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.tmcnet.com%2Fexpo%2Fcomm-dev07%2Fpresentations%2Fwm02-standford-wirevolution.ppt&ei=ipbWS_jWDIri7API98SJAw&usg=AFQjCNEzCI-IYW95QsDoU0zeVnWdhYLKGQ&sig2=nitCSctxI4g0Perzv2DI_g Stanford, Michael's presentation on Application Development for Dual Mode Phones]]

===Market===
*Market size estimates vary – roughly 200 million Wi-Fi enabled phones to be sold in 2010.
**Mainly smartphones
**Dwarfs estimates for Wi-Fi only phones

====Shipment of Dual Mode Phones Worldwide====
[[Image:Shipment.JPG]]

* Figures in Millions[[http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&source=web&ct=res&cd=1&ved=0CAgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.tmcnet.com%2Fexpo%2Fcomm-dev07%2Fpresentations%2Fwm02-standford-wirevolution.ppt&ei=ipbWS_jWDIri7API98SJAw&usg=AFQjCNEzCI-IYW95QsDoU0zeVnWdhYLKGQ&sig2=nitCSctxI4g0Perzv2DI_g Stanford, Michael's presentation on Application Development for Dual Mode Phones]]

===Analysis===
As indicated by [[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&at=31&locale=en_EP&FT=D&CC=US&NR=2005008002A1&KC=A1 Espacenet]] all the forms in which the patent has been published are restricted to US, thus for the same reason, we shall restrict our analysis to the US too.

===Forecast for US Market===

Assumptions (Possible Points of Failures)
* The rate growth of the growth of Dual Mode market remains same for 2014
* The forecasts made by [[http://gorumors.com/crunchies/wi-fi-mobile-phones-as-percentage-of-total-mobile-handsets/ Techcrunch]] are fit.
'''* UPDATE: The patent is now valid till 12th May 2020 (extension by USPTO) thus these valuations need to be extended till 2020.'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="78%"
|align = "center"|'''Year'''
|align = "center"|'''% of Wifi Enabled Phones'''
|align = "center"|'''Number of Mobile Phone Subscribers (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Number of Wifi Enabled Phones (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Growth Rate'''
|align = "center"|'''Change in Growth Rate'''
|-
|align = "center"|2008
|align = "center"|8.20%
|align = "center"|228.2
|align = "center"|18.7124
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|2009
|align = "center"|11.50%
|align = "center"|235
|align = "center"|27.025
|align = "center"|44.42295
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|2010
|align = "center"|16%
|align = "center"|242
|align = "center"|38.72
|align = "center"|43.27475
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>2.58471
|-
|align = "center"|2011
|align = "center"|21.30%
|align = "center"|247.4
|align = "center"|52.6962
|align = "center"|36.09556
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>16.5898
|-
|align = "center"|2012
|align = "center"|25.90%
|align = "center"|251.5
|align = "center"|65.1385
|align = "center"|23.61138
|align = "center"|<nowiki>-</nowiki>34.5865
|-
|align = "center"|2013
|align = "center"|29%
|align = "center"|255.4
|align = "center"|74.066
|align = "center"|13.70541
|align = "center"|-41.9542
|-
|align = "center"|2014
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|84.21705068
|align = "center"|7.955415
|align = "center"|-41.9542
|-
|align = "center"|2015
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|90.91686658
|align = "center"|4.617784
|align = "center"| 
|-
|}

===Calculation of Value of IP===
Assumptions
* Discount Rate taken as 10% as given by [[http://www.editgrid.com/user/wikiwealth/Wiki_Wealth_Data-WACC-Discount-Rate Wikihealth]] for xxxx
* The diffusion of innovation is independent of the price of the multimode IC

Case I:
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="69%"
|align = "center"|'''Year'''
|align = "center"|'''Number of Wifi Enabled Phones (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Price of Device'''
|align = "center"|'''Market Size (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Discounted Present Values (USD Mn)'''
|-
|align = "center"|2010
|align = "center"|38.72
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|387.2
|align = "center"|387.2
|-
|align = "center"|2011
|align = "center"|52.6962
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|526.962
|align = "center"|479.0563636
|-
|align = "center"|2012
|align = "center"|65.1385
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|651.385
|align = "center"|538.3347107
|-
|align = "center"|2013
|align = "center"|74.066
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|740.66
|align = "center"|556.4688204
|-
|align = "center"|2014
|align = "center"|84.21705068
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|842.1705068
|align = "center"|575.2137879
|-
|align = "center"|2015
|align = "center"|90.91686658
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|909.1686658
|align = "center"|564.5222109
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|PV of Revenues
|align = "center"|3100.795894
|-
|}

Case II:
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="66%"
|align = "center"|'''Year'''
|align = "center"|'''Number of Wifi Enabled Phones (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Price of Device'''
|align = "center"|'''Market Size (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Discounted Present Values (USD Mn)'''
|-
|align = "center"|2010
|align = "center"|38.72
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|580.8
|align = "center"|580.8
|-
|align = "center"|2011
|align = "center"|52.6962
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|790.443
|align = "center"|718.5845455
|-
|align = "center"|2012
|align = "center"|65.1385
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|977.0775
|align = "center"|807.5020661
|-
|align = "center"|2013
|align = "center"|74.066
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|1110.99
|align = "center"|834.7032307
|-
|align = "center"|2014
|align = "center"|84.21705068
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|1263.25576
|align = "center"|862.8206818
|-
|align = "center"|2015
|align = "center"|90.91686658
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|1363.752999
|align = "center"|846.7833163
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|PV of Revenues
|align = "center"|4651.19384
|-
|}

Case III:
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="66%"
|align = "center"|'''Year'''
|align = "center"|'''Number of Wifi Enabled Phones (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Price of Device'''
|align = "center"|'''Market Size (In Millions)'''
|align = "center"|'''Discounted Present Values (USD Mn)'''
|-
|align = "center"|2010
|align = "center"|38.72
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|774.4
|align = "center"|774.4
|-
|align = "center"|2011
|align = "center"|52.6962
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|1053.924
|align = "center"|958.1127273
|-
|align = "center"|2012
|align = "center"|65.1385
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|1302.77
|align = "center"|1076.669421
|-
|align = "center"|2013
|align = "center"|74.066
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|1481.32
|align = "center"|1112.937641
|-
|align = "center"|2014
|align = "center"|84.21705068
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|1684.341014
|align = "center"|1150.427576
|-
|align = "center"|2015
|align = "center"|90.91686658
|align = "center"|20
|align = "center"|1818.337332
|align = "center"|1129.044422
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|PV of Revenues
|align = "center"|6201.591787
|-
|}

Logic for Pricing
The device claims include
* a first receiver and transmitter for communicating via a first wireless communication network;
* a second receiver and transmitter for communicating via a second wireless communication network; and
* at least one processor communicatively coupled to the first receiver and transmitter and the second receiver and transmitter, [[http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/claims?DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20050113&CC=US&NR=2005008002A1&KC=A1&tree=true Espacenet]]

And taking Iphone 3GS's components' pricing, the device can replace following
* Samsung Application Processor (Price: $14.46)
* Infineon Baseband Processor (Price: $13.00) (Not sure if this is replaceable)
* Broadcom Bluetooth/FM/WLAN (Price: $5.95)
* Infineon RF Transreceiver (Price: $2.25) [[http://www.isuppli.com/News/Pages/iPhone-3G-S-Carries-178-96-BOM-and-Manufacturing-Cost-iSuppli-Teardown-Reveals.aspx iSuppli]]

Royalty Rate: 7% (Telecom) [[http://www.royaltysource.com/news/Becker%20and%20Lu%20Royalty%20Rate-Market%20Structure%20Paper.pdf Royalty Rate Market Structure]]

IP Valuation
Case I: $217 Mn (Approx.)
Case II: $325.5 Mn (Approx.)
Case III: $434 Mn (Approx)

If Priced as $40 (when it can replace base band processor too and performs better) then the valuation = $838 Mn

Net Present Value of IP = Value - Licensing & Other Costs
'''
* UPDATE: The patent is now valid till 12th May 2020 (extension by USPTO) thus these valuations need to be extended till 2020. The same applies for all family members of the patent.'''

4G wireless technology developments

2010-06-24T19:28:03Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* Process Chart */

{{TOCrightEx}}
== Overview ==
===Definition of 4G===
The 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of networks achieved after the convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as computer, consumer electronics, communication technology, and several other convergences that will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments with end-to-end QoS and high security, offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost and one billing.

According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the terminals will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure will however only be packet based, all-IP. The system will also serve as an open platform where the new innovations can go with it.

=== 4G standards ===
* WiMAX
* WiBro
* 3GPP Long Term Evolution
* HSOPA
* 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband

===Services where 4G is used===
*Wireless broadband access
*Multimedia Messaging Service
*Video chat
*Mobile TV
*High definition TV content,
*DVB
*Minimal service like voice and data

=== 4G objectives===
* A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site)
* High network capacity
* A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s at high speeds and 1 Gbit/s at stationary conditions as defined by the ITU-R
* A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world
* Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network
* Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks
* High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
* Interoperability with the existing wireless standards
* An all IP, packet switched network

==Technology overview==
Mindmap below shows the overview of emerging technologies in 4G

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Parameter'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "5"|'''4G'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiMAX'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiBro'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP LTE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''HSOPA'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP2 UMB'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Logo'''
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wimax_01.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wibro_02.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:lte_03.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:hsopa_04.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:umb_05.jpeg|70px]]

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Access scheme'''
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Duplex system'''
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|TDD
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Channel Bandwidth'''
|align = "center"|3.5, 5, 7, 8.75, 10, 15, 20MHz
|align = "center"|8.75MHz
|align = "center"|1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 MHz to 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 - 20 MHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FFT size'''
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048
|align = "center"|1024
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2048
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2049
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Data rate'''
|align = "center"|70 Mbps
|align = "center"|30 - 50 Mbps
|align = "center"|100 Mbps Downlink 50 Mbps Uplink
|align = "center"|14.4 Mbps
|align = "center"|275 Mbps Downlink 75 Mbps Uplink
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Antenna System'''
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (4 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FEC scheme'''
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Turbo Code
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Modulation'''
|align = "center"|BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 8PSK 16 QAM
|align = "center"|16 QAM
|align = "center"|BPSK, 8PSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Frequency band'''
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2010MHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2025MHz
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|450 MHz to 3.6GHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Cell coverage'''
|align = "center"|10 KM
|align = "center"|1 KM
|align = "center"|5 - 100 KM
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

===Mobile technology roadmap===
[[Image:roadmap.jpg|700px|center|thumb|'''Roadmap''']]

[[Image:roadmap_mobile wimax.jpg|700px|center|thumb| [http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ixbt.com/mobile/itogi2006/wimax/Evolution_big.jpg&imgrefurl=http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/765653.html&h=699&w=931&sz=91&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=vTRyRja1XS2n6M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwimax%2Broadmap%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DG '''Roadmap''']]]

=== Dashboard Preview ===

[[Image:patent chart.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of company statistics per protocol]]

[[Image:patents.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of patents per protocol]]

[[Image:product.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of the products for particular company]]

==Like this report?==
 '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' 
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==WiMAX==

===[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 '''''WiMAX Dashboard''''']===

* WiMAX is defined as "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access" by the WiMAX Forum, formed in June 2001 to promote conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard, officially known as WirelessMAN. WiMAX aims to provide wireless data over long distances, in a variety of different ways, from point to point links to full mobile cellular type access. In practical terms this enables a user, for example, to browse the Internet on a laptop computer without physically connecting the laptop to a wall jack.

'''[[Background Information]]'''

'''Spectrum coverage by geography'''
Image below shows the spectrum for WiMAX users World wide.
[[Image:Spectrum1.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''Spectrum for WiMAX users World wide''']]

'''Market research data:'''
* Worldwide WiMAX equipment revenues are forecast to reach $3.26 billion in 2009
* Worldwide outdoor wireless mesh access node sales are forecast to reach $1.17 billion in 2009
* Samsung leads overall WiMAX equipment revenue share in 3Q06, ahead of Alvarion, Airspan, and Aperto Networks
* Strix Systems leads overall outdoor mesh revenue market share in 3Q06, just ahead of Tropos Networks and BelAir Networks
* 35% of WiMAX equipment sales come from Asia Pacific, 30% from EMEA, 20% from North America, and 14% from CALA
* 49% of wireless mesh access node sales come from North America, 25% from EMEA, 18% from Asia Pacific, and 8% from CALA
* 802.16 standards The first 802.16 standard was approved in December 2001. It delivered a standard for point to multipoint Broadband Wireless transmission in the 10-66 GHz band, with only a Line of Sight (LOS) capability. It uses a single carrier (SC) physical (PHY) standard. [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/12/05/page1421-371393.asp Source]

===Standards===
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16.2-2004.pdf IEEE 802.16-2004 (802.16d)] addresses only fixed systems
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16e-2005.pdf IEEE Std 802.16e-2005], also called mobile WiMAX
#* 802.16e also bring Multiple Antenna Support through Multiple-input multiple-output communications. This brings potential benefits in terms of coverage, self installation, power consumption, frequency re-use and bandwidth efficiency. 802.16e also adds a capability for full mobility support.
# WiMAX II, 802.16m will be proposed for IMT-Advanced 4G (future development)
#* 3GPP LTE and WiMAX-m are concentrating much effort on MIMO-AAS, mobile multi-hop relay networking and related developments needed to deliver 10X and higher Co-Channel reuse multiples.

'''IEEE 802.16e-2005 improves upon IEEE 802.16-2004 by:'''

* Scaling of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the channel bandwidth in order to keep the carrier spacing constant across different channel bandwidths (1.25-20 MHz). Constant carrier spacing results in a higher spectrum efficiency in wide channels, and a cost reduction in narrow channels. Also known as Scalable OFDMA (SOFDMA).
* Improving NLOS coverage by utilizing advanced antenna diversity schemes, and hybrid-Automatic Retransmission Request (hARQ)
* Improving coverage by introducing Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology
* Increasing system gain by use of denser sub-channelization, thereby improving indoor penetration
* Introducing high-performance coding techniques such as Turbo Coding and Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC), enhancing security and NLOS performance
* Introducing downlink sub-channelization, allowing administrators to trade coverage for capacity or vice versa
* Enhanced Fast Fourier Transform algorithm can tolerate larger delay spreads, increasing resistance to multipath interference
* Adding an extra QoS class (enhanced real-time Polling Service) more appropriate for VoIP applications.
* Adding support for mobility (soft and hard handover between base stations). This is seen as one of the most important aspects of 802.16e-2005, and is the very basis of 'Mobile WiMAX'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX Source]

'''Technology mapping parameters'''
[[Image:protocol.jpg|center|800 px|thumbnail| '''IEEE 802.16e Protocol Stack''']]

'''Content delivery'''

'''QoS service for WiMAX Content Delivery as per standard'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "3"|'''Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''UGS'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''RT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''NRT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''BE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''ERT-VR'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Unsolicited Grant Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Real-Time Variable Rate Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Non-Real-Time Variable Rate service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Best Efforts Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Extended Real-Time Variable Rate Service.'''
|-
|valign = "top"|Real time service (e.g.VoIP) generating fixed data rate. Data can be provided as either fixed or variable length PDU.
|valign = "top"|Real-time service (e.g.MPEG) applications with variable bit rates. Require guaranteed data rate and delay.
|valign = "top"|Non Real time service (FTP) for guaranted data rate.This service is insensetive to delays.It is desirable in certain cases to limit the data rate of these services to some maximum rate.
|valign = "top"|The intent of the BE service grant scheduling type is to provide efficient service for best effort traffic in the
uplink.
|valign = "top"|This service is to support real-time applications with variable data-rates, which require guaranteed data and delay, for example VoIP with silence suppression.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Parameters'''
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum reserved traffic rate 2) Maximum Latency 3)Request/Transmission Policy 4) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic priority 5)Request/Transmission policy 6) Unsolicited Polling Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 2) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 3) Traffic priority 4)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 2) Traffic priority 3)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency Tolerated Jitter 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic Priority 5)Request/Transmission Policy 6) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|-
|}

'''WiMAX Network Reference Model'''

'''Access Service network(ASN)''': The ASN coordinates traffic across multiple Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and supports security, handoffs and Quality of Service (QoS).
* The ASN interfaces the BTS and the all-IP core network—the CSN. Typically the ASN includes numerous BTSs with one or more ASN gateways.
* The ASN manages radio resources, MS access, mobility, security and QoS. It acts as a relay for the CSN for IP address allocation and AAA functions.

[[Image:ASN.jpg|center|1500 px|thumbnail|'''WiMAX Network Reference Model ''']]

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="78% " align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Interface'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Description'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Functionality'''
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R1'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the ASN
|align = "justify"|Air interface
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R2'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA (Authentication, Authorization, & Accounting ), IP host configuration, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R3'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASN and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA, policy enforcement, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R4'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASNs
|align = "justify"|Mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R5'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the CSNs
|align = "justify"|Internetworking,roaming
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R6'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between BTS and ASN gateways
|align = "justify"|IP tunnel management to establish and release MS connection
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R8'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the BTSs
|align = "justify"|Handoffs
|-
|}

'''ASN Gateway functions'''
* Service Flow Authorization
* Authentication and key distribution
* Session/Context maintenance
* Handover co-ordination & Mobility management
* Paging control
* Accounting client
* DHCP proxy/relay
* MIP client/FA
* Data-path management and (re)-anchoring
* Policy Enforcement
* Multiple BS, ASN, CSN configurations

===Companies===
*[[List of companies]]

===Products===
Table below shows some of the products using WiMAX technology.
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.intel.com/network/connectivity/products/wireless/IntelWiMAXConnection2250.pdf Intel]
|align = "center"|System on Chip (SoC)
|align = "center"|WiMAX Connection 2250
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.redlinecommunications.com/products/RedMAX_SUI.html Redline Communication]
|align = "center"|Subscriber station
|align = "center"|RedMAX™ Indoor Subscriber Unit (SU-I)
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.airspan.com/products_wimax_hipermax.aspx Airspan]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|HiperMAX
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tech2.com/media/images/img_1809_samsung-sph-p9000-mobile-wimax_450x360.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tech2.com/india/news/smart-mobile-phones/samsung-unveils-wimaxready-p9000/2710/0&h=337&w=450&sz=89&hl=en&st Samsung]
|align = "center"|WiMAX mobile phone
|align = "center"|Samsung SPH-P9000 Cellphone
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.navini.com/Website/Content/Products/Ripwave_MX_2.3GHz.htm Navini networks]
|align = "center"|Antenna system
|align = "center"|Ripwave™ MX 2.3GHz
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

'''Sample analysis'''
* [[Media:wimax_upload.xls| Mobile WiMAX spreadsheet]]

'''Conferences'''
* [http://usa.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX world conference - 2008 in USA.]

* [http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2007/09/18/idf_wimax_laptops/ Big-name vendors lined up to offer WiMAX laptops]

* [http://www.dailywireless.org/2006/05/30/mobile-wimax-the-attack-plan/ Mobile WiMAX: The Attack Plan]

* [http://www.wimaxstrategies2007.com/ WiMAX Strategies 2007]

* [http://www.gsm-3gworldseries.com/newt/l/gsm/events/meg GSM>3G ME - The Leading Middle Eastern Communications Event - Dubai, UAE]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/2007_events/world_forum WiMAX 2007]

* [http://www.ispcon.com/fall2007.php ISPCON fall - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-mea.com/ IPTV world forum - 2007 Middle East & Africa]

* [http://www.mobilenetx.com/index.shtml Mobile Internet World conference - 2007]

* [http://www.parksassociates.com/events/europe/home.htm Strategies for digital living markets - 2007 (Connections - Europe )]

* [http://www.iptv-asia.net/ IPTV Asia - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-latinamerica.com/ IPTV World Forum Latin America 08]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/is14gen.htm WCA International Symposium & Business Expo]

* [http://www.iptv-forum.com/ IPTV World Forum 08]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/asia/ WiMAX Forum Congress Asia - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/europe WiMAX Forum Global Congress - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/usa WiMAX Forum Congress Americas - 2008]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/08gen.htm WCA - 2008 Capitalizing on the 4G/WiMAX Eco-System]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/WBF2007_workshop_PF1.htm The Professionals Meridian Conferences]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/71883.html 'Broadband & Beyond' conference highlights WiMAX technology]

* [http://www.edn-europe.com/amsterdamconferenceaddresseswimaxtrendsandissues+article+1641+Europe.html Amsterdam conference addresses WiMAX trends and issues]

* [http://www.iec.org/events/2007/bbwf/conference/b4.html WiMAX — Financial, Services, Technology Trends for Service Providers]

* [http://wimaxshowcase.tca.org.tw/ 2007 WiMAX Forum Taipei Conference]

* [http://www.at4wireless.com/wimax_plugfest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://sabb2007.tninternational.com/program.html The 1st South Asia Broadband Communications Congress & Expo]

* [http://www.tfci.com/cni/tema.htm India – Hub for Telecom Manufacturing & Exports]

* [http://www.assocham.org/ ASSOCHAM Frost & Sullivan International Conference on Broadband 2007]

* [http://www.communicasia.com/ CommunicAsia 2007]

* [http://europe.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX World Europe 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 3rd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.convergenceindia.org/ 15th Convergence India 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 2nd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.indiatelecom.org/ India Telecom 2007]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/ WiMAX Focus]

'''WiMAX deals'''

* [http://www.australianit.news.com.au/story/0,24897,22490539-15321,00.html Intel wins Nokia mobile WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.usatoday.com/tech/wireless/2007-08-27-spring-samsung-new-york_N.htm Samsung, Sprint in WiMAX deal for NYC]

* [http://seekingalpha.com/article/41543-clearwire-sprint-near-WiMAX-deal-wsj Clearwire, Sprint Near WiMAX Deal -- WSJ]

* [http://telephonyonline.com/ctia/news/motorola_WiMAX_bts_032907/ CTIA: Moto wins ninth WiMAX deal; launches new BTS]

* [http://www.arnnet.com.au/index.php/id;505799818;fp;2;fpid;1 UK's picoChip wins WiMAX deal with China's ICT]

* [http://www.cbronline.com/article_news.asp?guid=B8A941BD-1F01-485C-9288-4F3DD5E88BC3 Motorola has secured two contracts to build WiMAX networks in Taipei, Taiwan.]

* [http://www.networksystemsdesignline.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199701426 Intel mum on WiMAX deal in central China]

* [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/051807-nortel-toshiba.html Nortel, Toshiba in WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.redherring.com/Home/20590 Sprint, Nokia Ink WiMAX Deal]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/130621.html Airspan, Umniah WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.zyxel.com/web/news_news.php?sqno=463 ZyXEL and Sprint sign deal for WiMAX customer premise equipment]

* [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/07/07/page1397-170032.asp Intel Makes Largest Investment Ever in WiMAX Deal with Clearwire and Motorola]

* [http://www.reuters.com/article/technology-media-telco-SP/idUSL0521971220070405 Pipex pens WiMAX deal with Nokia Siemens Networks]

* [http://www.wirelessweek.com/article.aspx?id=146753 Nortel Scores WiMAX Deal in U.S.]

* [http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20070831a2.html DoCoMo, Acca ready WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.webmasterworld.com/forum10/11658.htm AOL and Clearwire Seal WiMAX Deal]

* [http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5862948/Nera-wins-Africa-WiMAX-deal.html Nera wins Africa WiMAX deal.]

==WiBro==
WiBro is an acronym for wireless broadband and is actually a term that is in the process of being phased out in favor of the more collaborative and generic Mobile WiMAX.
* Korean standards makers early on adopted the term to describe their initiatives towards adopting a version of the 802.16e standard.
* Basically, the Korean standard chose to accept a specific mobile WiMAX iteration of 802.16e, rather than any future version that included backwards compatibility to fixed wireless 802.16 systems.
* Korea enjoys probably the most extensive 3G deployments in the world already, and its fixed broadband access per capita is the highest in the world. What it needed was an improved mobile broadband. In fact, the Korean government issued the first three deployment licenses for WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in January of 2005.
* WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in many respects is driving the mobile side of WiMAX at least from the point of view of vendors eager to provide products to these early deployments. This decision however, results in a backwards compatibility problem with Fixed WiMAX standards or 802.16-2004.
* The smooth interoperability of previous WiBro gear from Samsung with other vendors such as Motorola should be cemented this year as these two companies along with Intel have been chosen as the primary vendor for Sprint Nextel’s WiMAX deployment. The two companies clearly have a powerful incentive for their products to work seamlessly.

===Standards===
* WiBro is an integral part of IEEE 802.16e

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting WiBro technology]]
'''Industry news:'''
* South Korean telco SK Telecom and Wavesat, a Canadian developer of a WiMAX chipset, software and development platform have signed an agreement to cooperate in the development of WiBro/OFDMA technology for next generation mobile devices.
* Wavesat will work with SK Telecom (SKT) to develop WiBro/OFDMA systems-on-chips (SoCs), system tools and a development kit based on the WiBro 802.16e S-OFDMA profile. The U-mobile product portfolio from Wavesat will allow WiMAX wireless system providers (OEMs/ODMs) worldwide to develop and deploy fully mobile WiMAX and WiBro solutions.[http://www.digitalmediaasia.com/default.asp?ArticleID=12523 Source]

===Products Overview===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|Samsung
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Jan2006/2427.htm M8000 WiBro handset ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_01.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://uk.gizmodo.com/2005/12/28/samsungs_super_wibro_phone.html Super WiBro Phone ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_02.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://aving.net/usa/news/default.asp?mode=read&c_num=28705&c_code=02&sp_code=0&btb_num=2747 WiBro-enabled notebook pc]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_03.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Access control Router
|align = "center"|[http://www.etopiamedia.net/ybw/pages/ybw2-5551212.html Access control Router]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_04.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Kisan Telecom
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|[http://www.kisantel.co.kr/eng/products/sub02.asp WiBro Repeater]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_05.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|i-River
|align = "center"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.mobilecomms-technology.com/projects/kt-corp/kt-corp2.html G10 games console]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_06.jpg]]

|-
|align = "center"|Korea Telekom
|align = "center"|USB modem
|align = "center"|[http://www.kt.co.kr/eng/New/pr_news_kt_view.jsp iPlug Premium ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_07.jpg]]

|-
|}

==3GPP Long Term Evolution==
3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements.

* LTE focus is on Enhancement of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and Optimisation of the UTRAN architecture.
* Downlink based on OFDMA (OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity, etc)
* Uplink based on SC-FDMA (single carrier) (SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices- more considerations on battery power)

===Standards===
* Download rates of 100 Mbit/s, and upload rates of 50 Mbit/s for every 20 MHz of spectrum
* At least 200 active users in every 5 MHz cell. (ie 200 active phone calls)
* Sub-5ms latency for small IP packets
* Increased spectrum flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1.25 MHz (and as large as 20 MHz) supported (W-CDMA requires 5 MHz slices, leading to some problems with roll-outs of the technology in countries where 5 MHz is a commonly allocated amount of spectrum, and is frequently already in use with legacy standards such as 2G GSM and cdmaOne.) Limiting sizes to 5 MHz also limited the amount of bandwidth per handset
* Optimal cell size of 5 km, 30 km sizes with reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance
* Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)

[[Image:3GPP LTE protocol stack.jpg|center|900 px|thumbnail| '''3GPP LTE protocol stack''']]

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP technology]]

===Products===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/en/products/test_and_measurement/product_categories/spectrum_analysis/top_class/FSQ.html Rohde & Schwarz]
|align = "center"|Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"|FSQ Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://bul.ece.ubc.ca/Behrouz Pourseyed_UBC_IEEE_PDF.pdf Sierra Wireless]
|align = "center"|PC cards
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Test Systems
|align = "center"|MX785201A test systems
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center"|MD8480C signaling tester
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/Picocell.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/7001.htm&h=248&w=405&sz=34&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=lSbNTfdqb4fDhM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3D3GPP%2B%252B%2Bsyste Picochip]
|align = "center"|Bse station
|align = "center"|Base station damo
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==HSOPA==
High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) is a proposed part of 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for UMTS systems. HSOPA is also often referred to as Super 3G. If adopted, HSOPA succeeds HSDPA and HSUPA technologies specified in 3GPP releases 5 and 6. Unlike HSDPA or HSUPA, HSOPA is an entirely new air interface system, unrelated to and incompatible with W-CDMA.
Features of HSOPA

===Standards===
* Flexible bandwidth usage with 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz bandwidths. By comparison, W-CDMA uses fixed size 5 MHz chunks of spectrum.
* Increased spectral efficiency at 2-4 times more than in 3GPP release 6, peak transfer rates of 100 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink.
* Latency times of around 20 ms for round trip time from user terminal to RAN, approximately the same as a combined HSDPA/HSUPA system, but much better than "classic" W-CDMA.

'''Design'''

HSOPA uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology to support up to 10 times as many users as W-CDMA based systems, with lower processing power required on each handset.[1]. Still in development, experimental performance is 37 Mbit/s in the downlink over a 5 MHz channel, close to the theoretical maximum of 40 Mbit/s.

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting HSOPA technology]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3627.htm Orange]
|align = "center"|PC crad
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3613.htm Samsung]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Mobile
|align = "center"|SGH-Z620
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2007/5209.htm T - mobile]
|align = "center"|MDA Vario III
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3586.htm Sarian]
|align = "center"|Router
|align = "center"|HR4110 HSDPA router
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/August2006/3458.htm Centro technologies]
|align = "center"|RF HSDPA Test Cases
|align = "center"|MINT T1152-HSDPA
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband==
UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) is the brand name for the project within 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements.The system employs OFDMA technology along with advanced antenna techniques to provide peak rates of up to 280 Mbit/s.

Goals for UMB:
* Improving system capacity
* Greatly increasing user data rates throughout the cell
* Lowering costs
* Enhancing existing services
* Making possible new applications, and
* Making use of new spectrum opportunities.

The technology will provide users with concurrent IP-based services in a full mobility environment. The UMB standardization is expected to be completed in mid 2007, with commercialization taking place around mid-2009.

===Standards===
* OFDMA-based air interface
* Frequency Division Duplex
* Scalable bandwidth between 1.25-20 MHz (OFDMA systems are especially well suited for wider bandwidths larger than 5 MHz)
* Supports mixed cell sizes, e.g., macro-cellular, micro-cellular & pico-cellular.
* IP network architecture
* Supports flat, centralized and mixed topologies
* Data speeds over 275 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadband Source]

[http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/Misc/AboutHome.cfm More infromation]

'''Key features'''
* Multiple radio and advanced antenna techniques
*# Sophisticated control and signaling mechanisms (minimized) combine the best aspects of CDMA, TDM, OFDM, and OFDMA into a single air interface
*# Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
*# Improved interference management techniques
* Ultra-high mobile broadband peak data rates
*# Up to 280Mbps peak data rate on forward link
*# Up to 68Mbps peak data rate on reverse link
* Ultra-low network latency
*# An average of 16.8 msec (32-byte, RTT) end-to-end network latency
* Enhanced VoIP capacity and user experience
*# Up to 500 simultaneous VoIP users (10 MHz FDD allocations)
* Scalable IP-based flat or hierarchical architecture
*# Greater service deployment flexibility, improved performance, and lower cost of ownership
* Flexible spectrum allocations
*# Scalable, non-contiguous and dynamic channel (bandwidth) allocations
*# Support for bandwidth allocations of 1.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz
* Less power consumption
*# Improved battery life

[http://www.cdg.org/technology/3g_umb.asp Source]

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP2 UMB technology ]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/oqo02-thumb.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/portable_devices/ultra_mobile_pcs/%3Fstart%3D25&h=259&w=250&sz=10&hl=en&start=15&um=1&tbnid=iPw46oQ3TpV5tM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=108&prev=/im OQO Inc]
|align = "center"|Ultra mobile PC
|align = "center"|OQO Model 2 ultra mobile
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/im.php/width/640/im/3637_7_3_Mobile_Mobile_Broadband_USB.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/pid%3B3637%3Btaxid%3B2136213053%3Bpt%3B1&h=426&w=640&sz=11&hl=en&start=13 3 Mobile]
|align = "center"|Broad band USB
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband USB modem
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=6598 Sprint]
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband Card
|align = "center"|EV-DO card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.caviumnetworks.com/newsevents_caviumnetworks_Qualcomm.html Qualcomm]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

==Process Chart==
[[Image: ProcessChart1.jpg|center]]

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4G wireless technology developments

2010-06-24T19:27:43Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* Process Chart */

{{TOCrightEx}}
== Overview ==
===Definition of 4G===
The 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of networks achieved after the convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as computer, consumer electronics, communication technology, and several other convergences that will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments with end-to-end QoS and high security, offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost and one billing.

According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the terminals will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure will however only be packet based, all-IP. The system will also serve as an open platform where the new innovations can go with it.

=== 4G standards ===
* WiMAX
* WiBro
* 3GPP Long Term Evolution
* HSOPA
* 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband

===Services where 4G is used===
*Wireless broadband access
*Multimedia Messaging Service
*Video chat
*Mobile TV
*High definition TV content,
*DVB
*Minimal service like voice and data

=== 4G objectives===
* A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site)
* High network capacity
* A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s at high speeds and 1 Gbit/s at stationary conditions as defined by the ITU-R
* A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world
* Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network
* Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks
* High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
* Interoperability with the existing wireless standards
* An all IP, packet switched network

==Technology overview==
Mindmap below shows the overview of emerging technologies in 4G

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Parameter'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "5"|'''4G'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiMAX'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiBro'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP LTE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''HSOPA'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP2 UMB'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Logo'''
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wimax_01.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wibro_02.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:lte_03.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:hsopa_04.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:umb_05.jpeg|70px]]

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Access scheme'''
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Duplex system'''
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|TDD
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Channel Bandwidth'''
|align = "center"|3.5, 5, 7, 8.75, 10, 15, 20MHz
|align = "center"|8.75MHz
|align = "center"|1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 MHz to 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 - 20 MHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FFT size'''
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048
|align = "center"|1024
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2048
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2049
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Data rate'''
|align = "center"|70 Mbps
|align = "center"|30 - 50 Mbps
|align = "center"|100 Mbps Downlink 50 Mbps Uplink
|align = "center"|14.4 Mbps
|align = "center"|275 Mbps Downlink 75 Mbps Uplink
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Antenna System'''
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (4 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FEC scheme'''
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Turbo Code
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Modulation'''
|align = "center"|BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 8PSK 16 QAM
|align = "center"|16 QAM
|align = "center"|BPSK, 8PSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Frequency band'''
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2010MHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2025MHz
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|450 MHz to 3.6GHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Cell coverage'''
|align = "center"|10 KM
|align = "center"|1 KM
|align = "center"|5 - 100 KM
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

===Mobile technology roadmap===
[[Image:roadmap.jpg|700px|center|thumb|'''Roadmap''']]

[[Image:roadmap_mobile wimax.jpg|700px|center|thumb| [http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ixbt.com/mobile/itogi2006/wimax/Evolution_big.jpg&imgrefurl=http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/765653.html&h=699&w=931&sz=91&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=vTRyRja1XS2n6M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwimax%2Broadmap%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DG '''Roadmap''']]]

=== Dashboard Preview ===

[[Image:patent chart.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of company statistics per protocol]]

[[Image:patents.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of patents per protocol]]

[[Image:product.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of the products for particular company]]

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==WiMAX==

===[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 '''''WiMAX Dashboard''''']===

* WiMAX is defined as "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access" by the WiMAX Forum, formed in June 2001 to promote conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard, officially known as WirelessMAN. WiMAX aims to provide wireless data over long distances, in a variety of different ways, from point to point links to full mobile cellular type access. In practical terms this enables a user, for example, to browse the Internet on a laptop computer without physically connecting the laptop to a wall jack.

'''[[Background Information]]'''

'''Spectrum coverage by geography'''
Image below shows the spectrum for WiMAX users World wide.
[[Image:Spectrum1.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''Spectrum for WiMAX users World wide''']]

'''Market research data:'''
* Worldwide WiMAX equipment revenues are forecast to reach $3.26 billion in 2009
* Worldwide outdoor wireless mesh access node sales are forecast to reach $1.17 billion in 2009
* Samsung leads overall WiMAX equipment revenue share in 3Q06, ahead of Alvarion, Airspan, and Aperto Networks
* Strix Systems leads overall outdoor mesh revenue market share in 3Q06, just ahead of Tropos Networks and BelAir Networks
* 35% of WiMAX equipment sales come from Asia Pacific, 30% from EMEA, 20% from North America, and 14% from CALA
* 49% of wireless mesh access node sales come from North America, 25% from EMEA, 18% from Asia Pacific, and 8% from CALA
* 802.16 standards The first 802.16 standard was approved in December 2001. It delivered a standard for point to multipoint Broadband Wireless transmission in the 10-66 GHz band, with only a Line of Sight (LOS) capability. It uses a single carrier (SC) physical (PHY) standard. [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/12/05/page1421-371393.asp Source]

===Standards===
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16.2-2004.pdf IEEE 802.16-2004 (802.16d)] addresses only fixed systems
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16e-2005.pdf IEEE Std 802.16e-2005], also called mobile WiMAX
#* 802.16e also bring Multiple Antenna Support through Multiple-input multiple-output communications. This brings potential benefits in terms of coverage, self installation, power consumption, frequency re-use and bandwidth efficiency. 802.16e also adds a capability for full mobility support.
# WiMAX II, 802.16m will be proposed for IMT-Advanced 4G (future development)
#* 3GPP LTE and WiMAX-m are concentrating much effort on MIMO-AAS, mobile multi-hop relay networking and related developments needed to deliver 10X and higher Co-Channel reuse multiples.

'''IEEE 802.16e-2005 improves upon IEEE 802.16-2004 by:'''

* Scaling of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the channel bandwidth in order to keep the carrier spacing constant across different channel bandwidths (1.25-20 MHz). Constant carrier spacing results in a higher spectrum efficiency in wide channels, and a cost reduction in narrow channels. Also known as Scalable OFDMA (SOFDMA).
* Improving NLOS coverage by utilizing advanced antenna diversity schemes, and hybrid-Automatic Retransmission Request (hARQ)
* Improving coverage by introducing Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology
* Increasing system gain by use of denser sub-channelization, thereby improving indoor penetration
* Introducing high-performance coding techniques such as Turbo Coding and Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC), enhancing security and NLOS performance
* Introducing downlink sub-channelization, allowing administrators to trade coverage for capacity or vice versa
* Enhanced Fast Fourier Transform algorithm can tolerate larger delay spreads, increasing resistance to multipath interference
* Adding an extra QoS class (enhanced real-time Polling Service) more appropriate for VoIP applications.
* Adding support for mobility (soft and hard handover between base stations). This is seen as one of the most important aspects of 802.16e-2005, and is the very basis of 'Mobile WiMAX'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX Source]

'''Technology mapping parameters'''
[[Image:protocol.jpg|center|800 px|thumbnail| '''IEEE 802.16e Protocol Stack''']]

'''Content delivery'''

'''QoS service for WiMAX Content Delivery as per standard'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "3"|'''Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''UGS'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''RT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''NRT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''BE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''ERT-VR'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Unsolicited Grant Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Real-Time Variable Rate Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Non-Real-Time Variable Rate service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Best Efforts Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Extended Real-Time Variable Rate Service.'''
|-
|valign = "top"|Real time service (e.g.VoIP) generating fixed data rate. Data can be provided as either fixed or variable length PDU.
|valign = "top"|Real-time service (e.g.MPEG) applications with variable bit rates. Require guaranteed data rate and delay.
|valign = "top"|Non Real time service (FTP) for guaranted data rate.This service is insensetive to delays.It is desirable in certain cases to limit the data rate of these services to some maximum rate.
|valign = "top"|The intent of the BE service grant scheduling type is to provide efficient service for best effort traffic in the
uplink.
|valign = "top"|This service is to support real-time applications with variable data-rates, which require guaranteed data and delay, for example VoIP with silence suppression.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Parameters'''
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum reserved traffic rate 2) Maximum Latency 3)Request/Transmission Policy 4) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic priority 5)Request/Transmission policy 6) Unsolicited Polling Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 2) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 3) Traffic priority 4)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 2) Traffic priority 3)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency Tolerated Jitter 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic Priority 5)Request/Transmission Policy 6) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|-
|}

'''WiMAX Network Reference Model'''

'''Access Service network(ASN)''': The ASN coordinates traffic across multiple Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and supports security, handoffs and Quality of Service (QoS).
* The ASN interfaces the BTS and the all-IP core network—the CSN. Typically the ASN includes numerous BTSs with one or more ASN gateways.
* The ASN manages radio resources, MS access, mobility, security and QoS. It acts as a relay for the CSN for IP address allocation and AAA functions.

[[Image:ASN.jpg|center|1500 px|thumbnail|'''WiMAX Network Reference Model ''']]

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="78% " align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Interface'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Description'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Functionality'''
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R1'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the ASN
|align = "justify"|Air interface
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R2'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA (Authentication, Authorization, & Accounting ), IP host configuration, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R3'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASN and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA, policy enforcement, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R4'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASNs
|align = "justify"|Mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R5'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the CSNs
|align = "justify"|Internetworking,roaming
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R6'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between BTS and ASN gateways
|align = "justify"|IP tunnel management to establish and release MS connection
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R8'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the BTSs
|align = "justify"|Handoffs
|-
|}

'''ASN Gateway functions'''
* Service Flow Authorization
* Authentication and key distribution
* Session/Context maintenance
* Handover co-ordination & Mobility management
* Paging control
* Accounting client
* DHCP proxy/relay
* MIP client/FA
* Data-path management and (re)-anchoring
* Policy Enforcement
* Multiple BS, ASN, CSN configurations

===Companies===
*[[List of companies]]

===Products===
Table below shows some of the products using WiMAX technology.
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.intel.com/network/connectivity/products/wireless/IntelWiMAXConnection2250.pdf Intel]
|align = "center"|System on Chip (SoC)
|align = "center"|WiMAX Connection 2250
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.redlinecommunications.com/products/RedMAX_SUI.html Redline Communication]
|align = "center"|Subscriber station
|align = "center"|RedMAX™ Indoor Subscriber Unit (SU-I)
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.airspan.com/products_wimax_hipermax.aspx Airspan]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|HiperMAX
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tech2.com/media/images/img_1809_samsung-sph-p9000-mobile-wimax_450x360.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tech2.com/india/news/smart-mobile-phones/samsung-unveils-wimaxready-p9000/2710/0&h=337&w=450&sz=89&hl=en&st Samsung]
|align = "center"|WiMAX mobile phone
|align = "center"|Samsung SPH-P9000 Cellphone
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.navini.com/Website/Content/Products/Ripwave_MX_2.3GHz.htm Navini networks]
|align = "center"|Antenna system
|align = "center"|Ripwave™ MX 2.3GHz
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

'''Sample analysis'''
* [[Media:wimax_upload.xls| Mobile WiMAX spreadsheet]]

'''Conferences'''
* [http://usa.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX world conference - 2008 in USA.]

* [http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2007/09/18/idf_wimax_laptops/ Big-name vendors lined up to offer WiMAX laptops]

* [http://www.dailywireless.org/2006/05/30/mobile-wimax-the-attack-plan/ Mobile WiMAX: The Attack Plan]

* [http://www.wimaxstrategies2007.com/ WiMAX Strategies 2007]

* [http://www.gsm-3gworldseries.com/newt/l/gsm/events/meg GSM>3G ME - The Leading Middle Eastern Communications Event - Dubai, UAE]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/2007_events/world_forum WiMAX 2007]

* [http://www.ispcon.com/fall2007.php ISPCON fall - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-mea.com/ IPTV world forum - 2007 Middle East & Africa]

* [http://www.mobilenetx.com/index.shtml Mobile Internet World conference - 2007]

* [http://www.parksassociates.com/events/europe/home.htm Strategies for digital living markets - 2007 (Connections - Europe )]

* [http://www.iptv-asia.net/ IPTV Asia - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-latinamerica.com/ IPTV World Forum Latin America 08]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/is14gen.htm WCA International Symposium & Business Expo]

* [http://www.iptv-forum.com/ IPTV World Forum 08]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/asia/ WiMAX Forum Congress Asia - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/europe WiMAX Forum Global Congress - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/usa WiMAX Forum Congress Americas - 2008]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/08gen.htm WCA - 2008 Capitalizing on the 4G/WiMAX Eco-System]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/WBF2007_workshop_PF1.htm The Professionals Meridian Conferences]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/71883.html 'Broadband & Beyond' conference highlights WiMAX technology]

* [http://www.edn-europe.com/amsterdamconferenceaddresseswimaxtrendsandissues+article+1641+Europe.html Amsterdam conference addresses WiMAX trends and issues]

* [http://www.iec.org/events/2007/bbwf/conference/b4.html WiMAX — Financial, Services, Technology Trends for Service Providers]

* [http://wimaxshowcase.tca.org.tw/ 2007 WiMAX Forum Taipei Conference]

* [http://www.at4wireless.com/wimax_plugfest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://sabb2007.tninternational.com/program.html The 1st South Asia Broadband Communications Congress & Expo]

* [http://www.tfci.com/cni/tema.htm India – Hub for Telecom Manufacturing & Exports]

* [http://www.assocham.org/ ASSOCHAM Frost & Sullivan International Conference on Broadband 2007]

* [http://www.communicasia.com/ CommunicAsia 2007]

* [http://europe.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX World Europe 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 3rd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.convergenceindia.org/ 15th Convergence India 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 2nd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.indiatelecom.org/ India Telecom 2007]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/ WiMAX Focus]

'''WiMAX deals'''

* [http://www.australianit.news.com.au/story/0,24897,22490539-15321,00.html Intel wins Nokia mobile WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.usatoday.com/tech/wireless/2007-08-27-spring-samsung-new-york_N.htm Samsung, Sprint in WiMAX deal for NYC]

* [http://seekingalpha.com/article/41543-clearwire-sprint-near-WiMAX-deal-wsj Clearwire, Sprint Near WiMAX Deal -- WSJ]

* [http://telephonyonline.com/ctia/news/motorola_WiMAX_bts_032907/ CTIA: Moto wins ninth WiMAX deal; launches new BTS]

* [http://www.arnnet.com.au/index.php/id;505799818;fp;2;fpid;1 UK's picoChip wins WiMAX deal with China's ICT]

* [http://www.cbronline.com/article_news.asp?guid=B8A941BD-1F01-485C-9288-4F3DD5E88BC3 Motorola has secured two contracts to build WiMAX networks in Taipei, Taiwan.]

* [http://www.networksystemsdesignline.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199701426 Intel mum on WiMAX deal in central China]

* [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/051807-nortel-toshiba.html Nortel, Toshiba in WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.redherring.com/Home/20590 Sprint, Nokia Ink WiMAX Deal]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/130621.html Airspan, Umniah WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.zyxel.com/web/news_news.php?sqno=463 ZyXEL and Sprint sign deal for WiMAX customer premise equipment]

* [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/07/07/page1397-170032.asp Intel Makes Largest Investment Ever in WiMAX Deal with Clearwire and Motorola]

* [http://www.reuters.com/article/technology-media-telco-SP/idUSL0521971220070405 Pipex pens WiMAX deal with Nokia Siemens Networks]

* [http://www.wirelessweek.com/article.aspx?id=146753 Nortel Scores WiMAX Deal in U.S.]

* [http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20070831a2.html DoCoMo, Acca ready WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.webmasterworld.com/forum10/11658.htm AOL and Clearwire Seal WiMAX Deal]

* [http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5862948/Nera-wins-Africa-WiMAX-deal.html Nera wins Africa WiMAX deal.]

==WiBro==
WiBro is an acronym for wireless broadband and is actually a term that is in the process of being phased out in favor of the more collaborative and generic Mobile WiMAX.
* Korean standards makers early on adopted the term to describe their initiatives towards adopting a version of the 802.16e standard.
* Basically, the Korean standard chose to accept a specific mobile WiMAX iteration of 802.16e, rather than any future version that included backwards compatibility to fixed wireless 802.16 systems.
* Korea enjoys probably the most extensive 3G deployments in the world already, and its fixed broadband access per capita is the highest in the world. What it needed was an improved mobile broadband. In fact, the Korean government issued the first three deployment licenses for WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in January of 2005.
* WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in many respects is driving the mobile side of WiMAX at least from the point of view of vendors eager to provide products to these early deployments. This decision however, results in a backwards compatibility problem with Fixed WiMAX standards or 802.16-2004.
* The smooth interoperability of previous WiBro gear from Samsung with other vendors such as Motorola should be cemented this year as these two companies along with Intel have been chosen as the primary vendor for Sprint Nextel’s WiMAX deployment. The two companies clearly have a powerful incentive for their products to work seamlessly.

===Standards===
* WiBro is an integral part of IEEE 802.16e

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting WiBro technology]]
'''Industry news:'''
* South Korean telco SK Telecom and Wavesat, a Canadian developer of a WiMAX chipset, software and development platform have signed an agreement to cooperate in the development of WiBro/OFDMA technology for next generation mobile devices.
* Wavesat will work with SK Telecom (SKT) to develop WiBro/OFDMA systems-on-chips (SoCs), system tools and a development kit based on the WiBro 802.16e S-OFDMA profile. The U-mobile product portfolio from Wavesat will allow WiMAX wireless system providers (OEMs/ODMs) worldwide to develop and deploy fully mobile WiMAX and WiBro solutions.[http://www.digitalmediaasia.com/default.asp?ArticleID=12523 Source]

===Products Overview===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|Samsung
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Jan2006/2427.htm M8000 WiBro handset ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_01.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://uk.gizmodo.com/2005/12/28/samsungs_super_wibro_phone.html Super WiBro Phone ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_02.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://aving.net/usa/news/default.asp?mode=read&c_num=28705&c_code=02&sp_code=0&btb_num=2747 WiBro-enabled notebook pc]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_03.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Access control Router
|align = "center"|[http://www.etopiamedia.net/ybw/pages/ybw2-5551212.html Access control Router]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_04.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Kisan Telecom
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|[http://www.kisantel.co.kr/eng/products/sub02.asp WiBro Repeater]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_05.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|i-River
|align = "center"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.mobilecomms-technology.com/projects/kt-corp/kt-corp2.html G10 games console]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_06.jpg]]

|-
|align = "center"|Korea Telekom
|align = "center"|USB modem
|align = "center"|[http://www.kt.co.kr/eng/New/pr_news_kt_view.jsp iPlug Premium ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_07.jpg]]

|-
|}

==3GPP Long Term Evolution==
3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements.

* LTE focus is on Enhancement of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and Optimisation of the UTRAN architecture.
* Downlink based on OFDMA (OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity, etc)
* Uplink based on SC-FDMA (single carrier) (SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices- more considerations on battery power)

===Standards===
* Download rates of 100 Mbit/s, and upload rates of 50 Mbit/s for every 20 MHz of spectrum
* At least 200 active users in every 5 MHz cell. (ie 200 active phone calls)
* Sub-5ms latency for small IP packets
* Increased spectrum flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1.25 MHz (and as large as 20 MHz) supported (W-CDMA requires 5 MHz slices, leading to some problems with roll-outs of the technology in countries where 5 MHz is a commonly allocated amount of spectrum, and is frequently already in use with legacy standards such as 2G GSM and cdmaOne.) Limiting sizes to 5 MHz also limited the amount of bandwidth per handset
* Optimal cell size of 5 km, 30 km sizes with reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance
* Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)

[[Image:3GPP LTE protocol stack.jpg|center|900 px|thumbnail| '''3GPP LTE protocol stack''']]

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP technology]]

===Products===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/en/products/test_and_measurement/product_categories/spectrum_analysis/top_class/FSQ.html Rohde & Schwarz]
|align = "center"|Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"|FSQ Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://bul.ece.ubc.ca/Behrouz Pourseyed_UBC_IEEE_PDF.pdf Sierra Wireless]
|align = "center"|PC cards
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Test Systems
|align = "center"|MX785201A test systems
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center"|MD8480C signaling tester
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/Picocell.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/7001.htm&h=248&w=405&sz=34&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=lSbNTfdqb4fDhM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3D3GPP%2B%252B%2Bsyste Picochip]
|align = "center"|Bse station
|align = "center"|Base station damo
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==HSOPA==
High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) is a proposed part of 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for UMTS systems. HSOPA is also often referred to as Super 3G. If adopted, HSOPA succeeds HSDPA and HSUPA technologies specified in 3GPP releases 5 and 6. Unlike HSDPA or HSUPA, HSOPA is an entirely new air interface system, unrelated to and incompatible with W-CDMA.
Features of HSOPA

===Standards===
* Flexible bandwidth usage with 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz bandwidths. By comparison, W-CDMA uses fixed size 5 MHz chunks of spectrum.
* Increased spectral efficiency at 2-4 times more than in 3GPP release 6, peak transfer rates of 100 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink.
* Latency times of around 20 ms for round trip time from user terminal to RAN, approximately the same as a combined HSDPA/HSUPA system, but much better than "classic" W-CDMA.

'''Design'''

HSOPA uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology to support up to 10 times as many users as W-CDMA based systems, with lower processing power required on each handset.[1]. Still in development, experimental performance is 37 Mbit/s in the downlink over a 5 MHz channel, close to the theoretical maximum of 40 Mbit/s.

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting HSOPA technology]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3627.htm Orange]
|align = "center"|PC crad
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3613.htm Samsung]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Mobile
|align = "center"|SGH-Z620
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2007/5209.htm T - mobile]
|align = "center"|MDA Vario III
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3586.htm Sarian]
|align = "center"|Router
|align = "center"|HR4110 HSDPA router
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/August2006/3458.htm Centro technologies]
|align = "center"|RF HSDPA Test Cases
|align = "center"|MINT T1152-HSDPA
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband==
UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) is the brand name for the project within 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements.The system employs OFDMA technology along with advanced antenna techniques to provide peak rates of up to 280 Mbit/s.

Goals for UMB:
* Improving system capacity
* Greatly increasing user data rates throughout the cell
* Lowering costs
* Enhancing existing services
* Making possible new applications, and
* Making use of new spectrum opportunities.

The technology will provide users with concurrent IP-based services in a full mobility environment. The UMB standardization is expected to be completed in mid 2007, with commercialization taking place around mid-2009.

===Standards===
* OFDMA-based air interface
* Frequency Division Duplex
* Scalable bandwidth between 1.25-20 MHz (OFDMA systems are especially well suited for wider bandwidths larger than 5 MHz)
* Supports mixed cell sizes, e.g., macro-cellular, micro-cellular & pico-cellular.
* IP network architecture
* Supports flat, centralized and mixed topologies
* Data speeds over 275 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadband Source]

[http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/Misc/AboutHome.cfm More infromation]

'''Key features'''
* Multiple radio and advanced antenna techniques
*# Sophisticated control and signaling mechanisms (minimized) combine the best aspects of CDMA, TDM, OFDM, and OFDMA into a single air interface
*# Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
*# Improved interference management techniques
* Ultra-high mobile broadband peak data rates
*# Up to 280Mbps peak data rate on forward link
*# Up to 68Mbps peak data rate on reverse link
* Ultra-low network latency
*# An average of 16.8 msec (32-byte, RTT) end-to-end network latency
* Enhanced VoIP capacity and user experience
*# Up to 500 simultaneous VoIP users (10 MHz FDD allocations)
* Scalable IP-based flat or hierarchical architecture
*# Greater service deployment flexibility, improved performance, and lower cost of ownership
* Flexible spectrum allocations
*# Scalable, non-contiguous and dynamic channel (bandwidth) allocations
*# Support for bandwidth allocations of 1.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz
* Less power consumption
*# Improved battery life

[http://www.cdg.org/technology/3g_umb.asp Source]

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP2 UMB technology ]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/oqo02-thumb.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/portable_devices/ultra_mobile_pcs/%3Fstart%3D25&h=259&w=250&sz=10&hl=en&start=15&um=1&tbnid=iPw46oQ3TpV5tM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=108&prev=/im OQO Inc]
|align = "center"|Ultra mobile PC
|align = "center"|OQO Model 2 ultra mobile
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/im.php/width/640/im/3637_7_3_Mobile_Mobile_Broadband_USB.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/pid%3B3637%3Btaxid%3B2136213053%3Bpt%3B1&h=426&w=640&sz=11&hl=en&start=13 3 Mobile]
|align = "center"|Broad band USB
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband USB modem
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=6598 Sprint]
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband Card
|align = "center"|EV-DO card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.caviumnetworks.com/newsevents_caviumnetworks_Qualcomm.html Qualcomm]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

==Process Chart==
[[Image: ProcessChart.jpg|center]]
[[Image: ProcessChart1.jpg|center]]

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==Contact Dolcera==

{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
|-
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|}

File:ProcessChart1.jpg

2010-06-24T19:23:47Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com:

4G wireless technology developments

2010-06-24T19:13:26Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* Process Chart */

{{TOCrightEx}}
== Overview ==
===Definition of 4G===
The 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of networks achieved after the convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as computer, consumer electronics, communication technology, and several other convergences that will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments with end-to-end QoS and high security, offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost and one billing.

According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the terminals will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure will however only be packet based, all-IP. The system will also serve as an open platform where the new innovations can go with it.

=== 4G standards ===
* WiMAX
* WiBro
* 3GPP Long Term Evolution
* HSOPA
* 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband

===Services where 4G is used===
*Wireless broadband access
*Multimedia Messaging Service
*Video chat
*Mobile TV
*High definition TV content,
*DVB
*Minimal service like voice and data

=== 4G objectives===
* A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site)
* High network capacity
* A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s at high speeds and 1 Gbit/s at stationary conditions as defined by the ITU-R
* A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world
* Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network
* Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks
* High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
* Interoperability with the existing wireless standards
* An all IP, packet switched network

==Technology overview==
Mindmap below shows the overview of emerging technologies in 4G

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Parameter'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "5"|'''4G'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiMAX'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiBro'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP LTE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''HSOPA'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP2 UMB'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Logo'''
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wimax_01.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wibro_02.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:lte_03.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:hsopa_04.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:umb_05.jpeg|70px]]

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Access scheme'''
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Duplex system'''
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|TDD
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Channel Bandwidth'''
|align = "center"|3.5, 5, 7, 8.75, 10, 15, 20MHz
|align = "center"|8.75MHz
|align = "center"|1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 MHz to 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 - 20 MHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FFT size'''
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048
|align = "center"|1024
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2048
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2049
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Data rate'''
|align = "center"|70 Mbps
|align = "center"|30 - 50 Mbps
|align = "center"|100 Mbps Downlink 50 Mbps Uplink
|align = "center"|14.4 Mbps
|align = "center"|275 Mbps Downlink 75 Mbps Uplink
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Antenna System'''
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (4 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FEC scheme'''
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Turbo Code
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Modulation'''
|align = "center"|BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 8PSK 16 QAM
|align = "center"|16 QAM
|align = "center"|BPSK, 8PSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Frequency band'''
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2010MHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2025MHz
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|450 MHz to 3.6GHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Cell coverage'''
|align = "center"|10 KM
|align = "center"|1 KM
|align = "center"|5 - 100 KM
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

===Mobile technology roadmap===
[[Image:roadmap.jpg|700px|center|thumb|'''Roadmap''']]

[[Image:roadmap_mobile wimax.jpg|700px|center|thumb| [http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ixbt.com/mobile/itogi2006/wimax/Evolution_big.jpg&imgrefurl=http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/765653.html&h=699&w=931&sz=91&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=vTRyRja1XS2n6M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwimax%2Broadmap%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DG '''Roadmap''']]]

=== Dashboard Preview ===

[[Image:patent chart.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of company statistics per protocol]]

[[Image:patents.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of patents per protocol]]

[[Image:product.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of the products for particular company]]

==Like this report?==
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==WiMAX==

===[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 '''''WiMAX Dashboard''''']===

* WiMAX is defined as "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access" by the WiMAX Forum, formed in June 2001 to promote conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard, officially known as WirelessMAN. WiMAX aims to provide wireless data over long distances, in a variety of different ways, from point to point links to full mobile cellular type access. In practical terms this enables a user, for example, to browse the Internet on a laptop computer without physically connecting the laptop to a wall jack.

'''[[Background Information]]'''

'''Spectrum coverage by geography'''
Image below shows the spectrum for WiMAX users World wide.
[[Image:Spectrum1.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''Spectrum for WiMAX users World wide''']]

'''Market research data:'''
* Worldwide WiMAX equipment revenues are forecast to reach $3.26 billion in 2009
* Worldwide outdoor wireless mesh access node sales are forecast to reach $1.17 billion in 2009
* Samsung leads overall WiMAX equipment revenue share in 3Q06, ahead of Alvarion, Airspan, and Aperto Networks
* Strix Systems leads overall outdoor mesh revenue market share in 3Q06, just ahead of Tropos Networks and BelAir Networks
* 35% of WiMAX equipment sales come from Asia Pacific, 30% from EMEA, 20% from North America, and 14% from CALA
* 49% of wireless mesh access node sales come from North America, 25% from EMEA, 18% from Asia Pacific, and 8% from CALA
* 802.16 standards The first 802.16 standard was approved in December 2001. It delivered a standard for point to multipoint Broadband Wireless transmission in the 10-66 GHz band, with only a Line of Sight (LOS) capability. It uses a single carrier (SC) physical (PHY) standard. [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/12/05/page1421-371393.asp Source]

===Standards===
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16.2-2004.pdf IEEE 802.16-2004 (802.16d)] addresses only fixed systems
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16e-2005.pdf IEEE Std 802.16e-2005], also called mobile WiMAX
#* 802.16e also bring Multiple Antenna Support through Multiple-input multiple-output communications. This brings potential benefits in terms of coverage, self installation, power consumption, frequency re-use and bandwidth efficiency. 802.16e also adds a capability for full mobility support.
# WiMAX II, 802.16m will be proposed for IMT-Advanced 4G (future development)
#* 3GPP LTE and WiMAX-m are concentrating much effort on MIMO-AAS, mobile multi-hop relay networking and related developments needed to deliver 10X and higher Co-Channel reuse multiples.

'''IEEE 802.16e-2005 improves upon IEEE 802.16-2004 by:'''

* Scaling of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the channel bandwidth in order to keep the carrier spacing constant across different channel bandwidths (1.25-20 MHz). Constant carrier spacing results in a higher spectrum efficiency in wide channels, and a cost reduction in narrow channels. Also known as Scalable OFDMA (SOFDMA).
* Improving NLOS coverage by utilizing advanced antenna diversity schemes, and hybrid-Automatic Retransmission Request (hARQ)
* Improving coverage by introducing Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology
* Increasing system gain by use of denser sub-channelization, thereby improving indoor penetration
* Introducing high-performance coding techniques such as Turbo Coding and Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC), enhancing security and NLOS performance
* Introducing downlink sub-channelization, allowing administrators to trade coverage for capacity or vice versa
* Enhanced Fast Fourier Transform algorithm can tolerate larger delay spreads, increasing resistance to multipath interference
* Adding an extra QoS class (enhanced real-time Polling Service) more appropriate for VoIP applications.
* Adding support for mobility (soft and hard handover between base stations). This is seen as one of the most important aspects of 802.16e-2005, and is the very basis of 'Mobile WiMAX'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX Source]

'''Technology mapping parameters'''
[[Image:protocol.jpg|center|800 px|thumbnail| '''IEEE 802.16e Protocol Stack''']]

'''Content delivery'''

'''QoS service for WiMAX Content Delivery as per standard'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "3"|'''Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''UGS'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''RT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''NRT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''BE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''ERT-VR'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Unsolicited Grant Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Real-Time Variable Rate Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Non-Real-Time Variable Rate service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Best Efforts Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Extended Real-Time Variable Rate Service.'''
|-
|valign = "top"|Real time service (e.g.VoIP) generating fixed data rate. Data can be provided as either fixed or variable length PDU.
|valign = "top"|Real-time service (e.g.MPEG) applications with variable bit rates. Require guaranteed data rate and delay.
|valign = "top"|Non Real time service (FTP) for guaranted data rate.This service is insensetive to delays.It is desirable in certain cases to limit the data rate of these services to some maximum rate.
|valign = "top"|The intent of the BE service grant scheduling type is to provide efficient service for best effort traffic in the
uplink.
|valign = "top"|This service is to support real-time applications with variable data-rates, which require guaranteed data and delay, for example VoIP with silence suppression.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Parameters'''
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum reserved traffic rate 2) Maximum Latency 3)Request/Transmission Policy 4) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic priority 5)Request/Transmission policy 6) Unsolicited Polling Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 2) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 3) Traffic priority 4)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 2) Traffic priority 3)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency Tolerated Jitter 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic Priority 5)Request/Transmission Policy 6) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|-
|}

'''WiMAX Network Reference Model'''

'''Access Service network(ASN)''': The ASN coordinates traffic across multiple Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and supports security, handoffs and Quality of Service (QoS).
* The ASN interfaces the BTS and the all-IP core network—the CSN. Typically the ASN includes numerous BTSs with one or more ASN gateways.
* The ASN manages radio resources, MS access, mobility, security and QoS. It acts as a relay for the CSN for IP address allocation and AAA functions.

[[Image:ASN.jpg|center|1500 px|thumbnail|'''WiMAX Network Reference Model ''']]

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="78% " align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Interface'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Description'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Functionality'''
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R1'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the ASN
|align = "justify"|Air interface
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R2'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA (Authentication, Authorization, & Accounting ), IP host configuration, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R3'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASN and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA, policy enforcement, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R4'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASNs
|align = "justify"|Mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R5'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the CSNs
|align = "justify"|Internetworking,roaming
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R6'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between BTS and ASN gateways
|align = "justify"|IP tunnel management to establish and release MS connection
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R8'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the BTSs
|align = "justify"|Handoffs
|-
|}

'''ASN Gateway functions'''
* Service Flow Authorization
* Authentication and key distribution
* Session/Context maintenance
* Handover co-ordination & Mobility management
* Paging control
* Accounting client
* DHCP proxy/relay
* MIP client/FA
* Data-path management and (re)-anchoring
* Policy Enforcement
* Multiple BS, ASN, CSN configurations

===Companies===
*[[List of companies]]

===Products===
Table below shows some of the products using WiMAX technology.
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.intel.com/network/connectivity/products/wireless/IntelWiMAXConnection2250.pdf Intel]
|align = "center"|System on Chip (SoC)
|align = "center"|WiMAX Connection 2250
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.redlinecommunications.com/products/RedMAX_SUI.html Redline Communication]
|align = "center"|Subscriber station
|align = "center"|RedMAX™ Indoor Subscriber Unit (SU-I)
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.airspan.com/products_wimax_hipermax.aspx Airspan]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|HiperMAX
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tech2.com/media/images/img_1809_samsung-sph-p9000-mobile-wimax_450x360.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tech2.com/india/news/smart-mobile-phones/samsung-unveils-wimaxready-p9000/2710/0&h=337&w=450&sz=89&hl=en&st Samsung]
|align = "center"|WiMAX mobile phone
|align = "center"|Samsung SPH-P9000 Cellphone
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.navini.com/Website/Content/Products/Ripwave_MX_2.3GHz.htm Navini networks]
|align = "center"|Antenna system
|align = "center"|Ripwave™ MX 2.3GHz
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

'''Sample analysis'''
* [[Media:wimax_upload.xls| Mobile WiMAX spreadsheet]]

'''Conferences'''
* [http://usa.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX world conference - 2008 in USA.]

* [http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2007/09/18/idf_wimax_laptops/ Big-name vendors lined up to offer WiMAX laptops]

* [http://www.dailywireless.org/2006/05/30/mobile-wimax-the-attack-plan/ Mobile WiMAX: The Attack Plan]

* [http://www.wimaxstrategies2007.com/ WiMAX Strategies 2007]

* [http://www.gsm-3gworldseries.com/newt/l/gsm/events/meg GSM>3G ME - The Leading Middle Eastern Communications Event - Dubai, UAE]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/2007_events/world_forum WiMAX 2007]

* [http://www.ispcon.com/fall2007.php ISPCON fall - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-mea.com/ IPTV world forum - 2007 Middle East & Africa]

* [http://www.mobilenetx.com/index.shtml Mobile Internet World conference - 2007]

* [http://www.parksassociates.com/events/europe/home.htm Strategies for digital living markets - 2007 (Connections - Europe )]

* [http://www.iptv-asia.net/ IPTV Asia - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-latinamerica.com/ IPTV World Forum Latin America 08]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/is14gen.htm WCA International Symposium & Business Expo]

* [http://www.iptv-forum.com/ IPTV World Forum 08]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/asia/ WiMAX Forum Congress Asia - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/europe WiMAX Forum Global Congress - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/usa WiMAX Forum Congress Americas - 2008]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/08gen.htm WCA - 2008 Capitalizing on the 4G/WiMAX Eco-System]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/WBF2007_workshop_PF1.htm The Professionals Meridian Conferences]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/71883.html 'Broadband & Beyond' conference highlights WiMAX technology]

* [http://www.edn-europe.com/amsterdamconferenceaddresseswimaxtrendsandissues+article+1641+Europe.html Amsterdam conference addresses WiMAX trends and issues]

* [http://www.iec.org/events/2007/bbwf/conference/b4.html WiMAX — Financial, Services, Technology Trends for Service Providers]

* [http://wimaxshowcase.tca.org.tw/ 2007 WiMAX Forum Taipei Conference]

* [http://www.at4wireless.com/wimax_plugfest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://sabb2007.tninternational.com/program.html The 1st South Asia Broadband Communications Congress & Expo]

* [http://www.tfci.com/cni/tema.htm India – Hub for Telecom Manufacturing & Exports]

* [http://www.assocham.org/ ASSOCHAM Frost & Sullivan International Conference on Broadband 2007]

* [http://www.communicasia.com/ CommunicAsia 2007]

* [http://europe.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX World Europe 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 3rd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.convergenceindia.org/ 15th Convergence India 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 2nd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.indiatelecom.org/ India Telecom 2007]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/ WiMAX Focus]

'''WiMAX deals'''

* [http://www.australianit.news.com.au/story/0,24897,22490539-15321,00.html Intel wins Nokia mobile WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.usatoday.com/tech/wireless/2007-08-27-spring-samsung-new-york_N.htm Samsung, Sprint in WiMAX deal for NYC]

* [http://seekingalpha.com/article/41543-clearwire-sprint-near-WiMAX-deal-wsj Clearwire, Sprint Near WiMAX Deal -- WSJ]

* [http://telephonyonline.com/ctia/news/motorola_WiMAX_bts_032907/ CTIA: Moto wins ninth WiMAX deal; launches new BTS]

* [http://www.arnnet.com.au/index.php/id;505799818;fp;2;fpid;1 UK's picoChip wins WiMAX deal with China's ICT]

* [http://www.cbronline.com/article_news.asp?guid=B8A941BD-1F01-485C-9288-4F3DD5E88BC3 Motorola has secured two contracts to build WiMAX networks in Taipei, Taiwan.]

* [http://www.networksystemsdesignline.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199701426 Intel mum on WiMAX deal in central China]

* [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/051807-nortel-toshiba.html Nortel, Toshiba in WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.redherring.com/Home/20590 Sprint, Nokia Ink WiMAX Deal]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/130621.html Airspan, Umniah WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.zyxel.com/web/news_news.php?sqno=463 ZyXEL and Sprint sign deal for WiMAX customer premise equipment]

* [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/07/07/page1397-170032.asp Intel Makes Largest Investment Ever in WiMAX Deal with Clearwire and Motorola]

* [http://www.reuters.com/article/technology-media-telco-SP/idUSL0521971220070405 Pipex pens WiMAX deal with Nokia Siemens Networks]

* [http://www.wirelessweek.com/article.aspx?id=146753 Nortel Scores WiMAX Deal in U.S.]

* [http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20070831a2.html DoCoMo, Acca ready WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.webmasterworld.com/forum10/11658.htm AOL and Clearwire Seal WiMAX Deal]

* [http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5862948/Nera-wins-Africa-WiMAX-deal.html Nera wins Africa WiMAX deal.]

==WiBro==
WiBro is an acronym for wireless broadband and is actually a term that is in the process of being phased out in favor of the more collaborative and generic Mobile WiMAX.
* Korean standards makers early on adopted the term to describe their initiatives towards adopting a version of the 802.16e standard.
* Basically, the Korean standard chose to accept a specific mobile WiMAX iteration of 802.16e, rather than any future version that included backwards compatibility to fixed wireless 802.16 systems.
* Korea enjoys probably the most extensive 3G deployments in the world already, and its fixed broadband access per capita is the highest in the world. What it needed was an improved mobile broadband. In fact, the Korean government issued the first three deployment licenses for WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in January of 2005.
* WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in many respects is driving the mobile side of WiMAX at least from the point of view of vendors eager to provide products to these early deployments. This decision however, results in a backwards compatibility problem with Fixed WiMAX standards or 802.16-2004.
* The smooth interoperability of previous WiBro gear from Samsung with other vendors such as Motorola should be cemented this year as these two companies along with Intel have been chosen as the primary vendor for Sprint Nextel’s WiMAX deployment. The two companies clearly have a powerful incentive for their products to work seamlessly.

===Standards===
* WiBro is an integral part of IEEE 802.16e

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting WiBro technology]]
'''Industry news:'''
* South Korean telco SK Telecom and Wavesat, a Canadian developer of a WiMAX chipset, software and development platform have signed an agreement to cooperate in the development of WiBro/OFDMA technology for next generation mobile devices.
* Wavesat will work with SK Telecom (SKT) to develop WiBro/OFDMA systems-on-chips (SoCs), system tools and a development kit based on the WiBro 802.16e S-OFDMA profile. The U-mobile product portfolio from Wavesat will allow WiMAX wireless system providers (OEMs/ODMs) worldwide to develop and deploy fully mobile WiMAX and WiBro solutions.[http://www.digitalmediaasia.com/default.asp?ArticleID=12523 Source]

===Products Overview===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|Samsung
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Jan2006/2427.htm M8000 WiBro handset ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_01.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://uk.gizmodo.com/2005/12/28/samsungs_super_wibro_phone.html Super WiBro Phone ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_02.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://aving.net/usa/news/default.asp?mode=read&c_num=28705&c_code=02&sp_code=0&btb_num=2747 WiBro-enabled notebook pc]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_03.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Access control Router
|align = "center"|[http://www.etopiamedia.net/ybw/pages/ybw2-5551212.html Access control Router]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_04.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Kisan Telecom
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|[http://www.kisantel.co.kr/eng/products/sub02.asp WiBro Repeater]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_05.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|i-River
|align = "center"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.mobilecomms-technology.com/projects/kt-corp/kt-corp2.html G10 games console]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_06.jpg]]

|-
|align = "center"|Korea Telekom
|align = "center"|USB modem
|align = "center"|[http://www.kt.co.kr/eng/New/pr_news_kt_view.jsp iPlug Premium ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_07.jpg]]

|-
|}

==3GPP Long Term Evolution==
3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements.

* LTE focus is on Enhancement of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and Optimisation of the UTRAN architecture.
* Downlink based on OFDMA (OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity, etc)
* Uplink based on SC-FDMA (single carrier) (SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices- more considerations on battery power)

===Standards===
* Download rates of 100 Mbit/s, and upload rates of 50 Mbit/s for every 20 MHz of spectrum
* At least 200 active users in every 5 MHz cell. (ie 200 active phone calls)
* Sub-5ms latency for small IP packets
* Increased spectrum flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1.25 MHz (and as large as 20 MHz) supported (W-CDMA requires 5 MHz slices, leading to some problems with roll-outs of the technology in countries where 5 MHz is a commonly allocated amount of spectrum, and is frequently already in use with legacy standards such as 2G GSM and cdmaOne.) Limiting sizes to 5 MHz also limited the amount of bandwidth per handset
* Optimal cell size of 5 km, 30 km sizes with reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance
* Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)

[[Image:3GPP LTE protocol stack.jpg|center|900 px|thumbnail| '''3GPP LTE protocol stack''']]

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP technology]]

===Products===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/en/products/test_and_measurement/product_categories/spectrum_analysis/top_class/FSQ.html Rohde & Schwarz]
|align = "center"|Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"|FSQ Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://bul.ece.ubc.ca/Behrouz Pourseyed_UBC_IEEE_PDF.pdf Sierra Wireless]
|align = "center"|PC cards
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Test Systems
|align = "center"|MX785201A test systems
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center"|MD8480C signaling tester
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/Picocell.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/7001.htm&h=248&w=405&sz=34&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=lSbNTfdqb4fDhM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3D3GPP%2B%252B%2Bsyste Picochip]
|align = "center"|Bse station
|align = "center"|Base station damo
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==HSOPA==
High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) is a proposed part of 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for UMTS systems. HSOPA is also often referred to as Super 3G. If adopted, HSOPA succeeds HSDPA and HSUPA technologies specified in 3GPP releases 5 and 6. Unlike HSDPA or HSUPA, HSOPA is an entirely new air interface system, unrelated to and incompatible with W-CDMA.
Features of HSOPA

===Standards===
* Flexible bandwidth usage with 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz bandwidths. By comparison, W-CDMA uses fixed size 5 MHz chunks of spectrum.
* Increased spectral efficiency at 2-4 times more than in 3GPP release 6, peak transfer rates of 100 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink.
* Latency times of around 20 ms for round trip time from user terminal to RAN, approximately the same as a combined HSDPA/HSUPA system, but much better than "classic" W-CDMA.

'''Design'''

HSOPA uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology to support up to 10 times as many users as W-CDMA based systems, with lower processing power required on each handset.[1]. Still in development, experimental performance is 37 Mbit/s in the downlink over a 5 MHz channel, close to the theoretical maximum of 40 Mbit/s.

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting HSOPA technology]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3627.htm Orange]
|align = "center"|PC crad
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3613.htm Samsung]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Mobile
|align = "center"|SGH-Z620
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2007/5209.htm T - mobile]
|align = "center"|MDA Vario III
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3586.htm Sarian]
|align = "center"|Router
|align = "center"|HR4110 HSDPA router
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/August2006/3458.htm Centro technologies]
|align = "center"|RF HSDPA Test Cases
|align = "center"|MINT T1152-HSDPA
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband==
UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) is the brand name for the project within 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements.The system employs OFDMA technology along with advanced antenna techniques to provide peak rates of up to 280 Mbit/s.

Goals for UMB:
* Improving system capacity
* Greatly increasing user data rates throughout the cell
* Lowering costs
* Enhancing existing services
* Making possible new applications, and
* Making use of new spectrum opportunities.

The technology will provide users with concurrent IP-based services in a full mobility environment. The UMB standardization is expected to be completed in mid 2007, with commercialization taking place around mid-2009.

===Standards===
* OFDMA-based air interface
* Frequency Division Duplex
* Scalable bandwidth between 1.25-20 MHz (OFDMA systems are especially well suited for wider bandwidths larger than 5 MHz)
* Supports mixed cell sizes, e.g., macro-cellular, micro-cellular & pico-cellular.
* IP network architecture
* Supports flat, centralized and mixed topologies
* Data speeds over 275 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadband Source]

[http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/Misc/AboutHome.cfm More infromation]

'''Key features'''
* Multiple radio and advanced antenna techniques
*# Sophisticated control and signaling mechanisms (minimized) combine the best aspects of CDMA, TDM, OFDM, and OFDMA into a single air interface
*# Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
*# Improved interference management techniques
* Ultra-high mobile broadband peak data rates
*# Up to 280Mbps peak data rate on forward link
*# Up to 68Mbps peak data rate on reverse link
* Ultra-low network latency
*# An average of 16.8 msec (32-byte, RTT) end-to-end network latency
* Enhanced VoIP capacity and user experience
*# Up to 500 simultaneous VoIP users (10 MHz FDD allocations)
* Scalable IP-based flat or hierarchical architecture
*# Greater service deployment flexibility, improved performance, and lower cost of ownership
* Flexible spectrum allocations
*# Scalable, non-contiguous and dynamic channel (bandwidth) allocations
*# Support for bandwidth allocations of 1.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz
* Less power consumption
*# Improved battery life

[http://www.cdg.org/technology/3g_umb.asp Source]

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP2 UMB technology ]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/oqo02-thumb.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/portable_devices/ultra_mobile_pcs/%3Fstart%3D25&h=259&w=250&sz=10&hl=en&start=15&um=1&tbnid=iPw46oQ3TpV5tM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=108&prev=/im OQO Inc]
|align = "center"|Ultra mobile PC
|align = "center"|OQO Model 2 ultra mobile
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/im.php/width/640/im/3637_7_3_Mobile_Mobile_Broadband_USB.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/pid%3B3637%3Btaxid%3B2136213053%3Bpt%3B1&h=426&w=640&sz=11&hl=en&start=13 3 Mobile]
|align = "center"|Broad band USB
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband USB modem
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=6598 Sprint]
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband Card
|align = "center"|EV-DO card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.caviumnetworks.com/newsevents_caviumnetworks_Qualcomm.html Qualcomm]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

==Process Chart==
[[Image: ProcessChart.jpg|center]]

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==Contact Dolcera==

{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9" align="center"
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|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
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4G wireless technology developments

2010-06-24T19:12:05Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* Process Chart */

{{TOCrightEx}}
== Overview ==
===Definition of 4G===
The 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of networks achieved after the convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as computer, consumer electronics, communication technology, and several other convergences that will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments with end-to-end QoS and high security, offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost and one billing.

According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the terminals will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure will however only be packet based, all-IP. The system will also serve as an open platform where the new innovations can go with it.

=== 4G standards ===
* WiMAX
* WiBro
* 3GPP Long Term Evolution
* HSOPA
* 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband

===Services where 4G is used===
*Wireless broadband access
*Multimedia Messaging Service
*Video chat
*Mobile TV
*High definition TV content,
*DVB
*Minimal service like voice and data

=== 4G objectives===
* A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site)
* High network capacity
* A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s at high speeds and 1 Gbit/s at stationary conditions as defined by the ITU-R
* A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world
* Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network
* Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks
* High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
* Interoperability with the existing wireless standards
* An all IP, packet switched network

==Technology overview==
Mindmap below shows the overview of emerging technologies in 4G

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Parameter'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "5"|'''4G'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiMAX'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiBro'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP LTE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''HSOPA'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP2 UMB'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Logo'''
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wimax_01.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wibro_02.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:lte_03.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:hsopa_04.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:umb_05.jpeg|70px]]

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Access scheme'''
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Duplex system'''
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|TDD
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Channel Bandwidth'''
|align = "center"|3.5, 5, 7, 8.75, 10, 15, 20MHz
|align = "center"|8.75MHz
|align = "center"|1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 MHz to 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 - 20 MHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FFT size'''
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048
|align = "center"|1024
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2048
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2049
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Data rate'''
|align = "center"|70 Mbps
|align = "center"|30 - 50 Mbps
|align = "center"|100 Mbps Downlink 50 Mbps Uplink
|align = "center"|14.4 Mbps
|align = "center"|275 Mbps Downlink 75 Mbps Uplink
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Antenna System'''
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (4 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FEC scheme'''
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Turbo Code
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Modulation'''
|align = "center"|BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 8PSK 16 QAM
|align = "center"|16 QAM
|align = "center"|BPSK, 8PSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Frequency band'''
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2010MHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2025MHz
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|450 MHz to 3.6GHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Cell coverage'''
|align = "center"|10 KM
|align = "center"|1 KM
|align = "center"|5 - 100 KM
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

===Mobile technology roadmap===
[[Image:roadmap.jpg|700px|center|thumb|'''Roadmap''']]

[[Image:roadmap_mobile wimax.jpg|700px|center|thumb| [http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ixbt.com/mobile/itogi2006/wimax/Evolution_big.jpg&imgrefurl=http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/765653.html&h=699&w=931&sz=91&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=vTRyRja1XS2n6M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwimax%2Broadmap%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DG '''Roadmap''']]]

=== Dashboard Preview ===

[[Image:patent chart.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of company statistics per protocol]]

[[Image:patents.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of patents per protocol]]

[[Image:product.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of the products for particular company]]

==Like this report?==
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==WiMAX==

===[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 '''''WiMAX Dashboard''''']===

* WiMAX is defined as "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access" by the WiMAX Forum, formed in June 2001 to promote conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard, officially known as WirelessMAN. WiMAX aims to provide wireless data over long distances, in a variety of different ways, from point to point links to full mobile cellular type access. In practical terms this enables a user, for example, to browse the Internet on a laptop computer without physically connecting the laptop to a wall jack.

'''[[Background Information]]'''

'''Spectrum coverage by geography'''
Image below shows the spectrum for WiMAX users World wide.
[[Image:Spectrum1.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''Spectrum for WiMAX users World wide''']]

'''Market research data:'''
* Worldwide WiMAX equipment revenues are forecast to reach $3.26 billion in 2009
* Worldwide outdoor wireless mesh access node sales are forecast to reach $1.17 billion in 2009
* Samsung leads overall WiMAX equipment revenue share in 3Q06, ahead of Alvarion, Airspan, and Aperto Networks
* Strix Systems leads overall outdoor mesh revenue market share in 3Q06, just ahead of Tropos Networks and BelAir Networks
* 35% of WiMAX equipment sales come from Asia Pacific, 30% from EMEA, 20% from North America, and 14% from CALA
* 49% of wireless mesh access node sales come from North America, 25% from EMEA, 18% from Asia Pacific, and 8% from CALA
* 802.16 standards The first 802.16 standard was approved in December 2001. It delivered a standard for point to multipoint Broadband Wireless transmission in the 10-66 GHz band, with only a Line of Sight (LOS) capability. It uses a single carrier (SC) physical (PHY) standard. [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/12/05/page1421-371393.asp Source]

===Standards===
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16.2-2004.pdf IEEE 802.16-2004 (802.16d)] addresses only fixed systems
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16e-2005.pdf IEEE Std 802.16e-2005], also called mobile WiMAX
#* 802.16e also bring Multiple Antenna Support through Multiple-input multiple-output communications. This brings potential benefits in terms of coverage, self installation, power consumption, frequency re-use and bandwidth efficiency. 802.16e also adds a capability for full mobility support.
# WiMAX II, 802.16m will be proposed for IMT-Advanced 4G (future development)
#* 3GPP LTE and WiMAX-m are concentrating much effort on MIMO-AAS, mobile multi-hop relay networking and related developments needed to deliver 10X and higher Co-Channel reuse multiples.

'''IEEE 802.16e-2005 improves upon IEEE 802.16-2004 by:'''

* Scaling of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the channel bandwidth in order to keep the carrier spacing constant across different channel bandwidths (1.25-20 MHz). Constant carrier spacing results in a higher spectrum efficiency in wide channels, and a cost reduction in narrow channels. Also known as Scalable OFDMA (SOFDMA).
* Improving NLOS coverage by utilizing advanced antenna diversity schemes, and hybrid-Automatic Retransmission Request (hARQ)
* Improving coverage by introducing Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology
* Increasing system gain by use of denser sub-channelization, thereby improving indoor penetration
* Introducing high-performance coding techniques such as Turbo Coding and Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC), enhancing security and NLOS performance
* Introducing downlink sub-channelization, allowing administrators to trade coverage for capacity or vice versa
* Enhanced Fast Fourier Transform algorithm can tolerate larger delay spreads, increasing resistance to multipath interference
* Adding an extra QoS class (enhanced real-time Polling Service) more appropriate for VoIP applications.
* Adding support for mobility (soft and hard handover between base stations). This is seen as one of the most important aspects of 802.16e-2005, and is the very basis of 'Mobile WiMAX'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX Source]

'''Technology mapping parameters'''
[[Image:protocol.jpg|center|800 px|thumbnail| '''IEEE 802.16e Protocol Stack''']]

'''Content delivery'''

'''QoS service for WiMAX Content Delivery as per standard'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "3"|'''Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''UGS'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''RT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''NRT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''BE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''ERT-VR'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Unsolicited Grant Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Real-Time Variable Rate Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Non-Real-Time Variable Rate service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Best Efforts Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Extended Real-Time Variable Rate Service.'''
|-
|valign = "top"|Real time service (e.g.VoIP) generating fixed data rate. Data can be provided as either fixed or variable length PDU.
|valign = "top"|Real-time service (e.g.MPEG) applications with variable bit rates. Require guaranteed data rate and delay.
|valign = "top"|Non Real time service (FTP) for guaranted data rate.This service is insensetive to delays.It is desirable in certain cases to limit the data rate of these services to some maximum rate.
|valign = "top"|The intent of the BE service grant scheduling type is to provide efficient service for best effort traffic in the
uplink.
|valign = "top"|This service is to support real-time applications with variable data-rates, which require guaranteed data and delay, for example VoIP with silence suppression.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Parameters'''
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum reserved traffic rate 2) Maximum Latency 3)Request/Transmission Policy 4) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic priority 5)Request/Transmission policy 6) Unsolicited Polling Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 2) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 3) Traffic priority 4)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 2) Traffic priority 3)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency Tolerated Jitter 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic Priority 5)Request/Transmission Policy 6) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|-
|}

'''WiMAX Network Reference Model'''

'''Access Service network(ASN)''': The ASN coordinates traffic across multiple Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and supports security, handoffs and Quality of Service (QoS).
* The ASN interfaces the BTS and the all-IP core network—the CSN. Typically the ASN includes numerous BTSs with one or more ASN gateways.
* The ASN manages radio resources, MS access, mobility, security and QoS. It acts as a relay for the CSN for IP address allocation and AAA functions.

[[Image:ASN.jpg|center|1500 px|thumbnail|'''WiMAX Network Reference Model ''']]

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="78% " align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Interface'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Description'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Functionality'''
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R1'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the ASN
|align = "justify"|Air interface
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R2'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA (Authentication, Authorization, & Accounting ), IP host configuration, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R3'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASN and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA, policy enforcement, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R4'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASNs
|align = "justify"|Mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R5'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the CSNs
|align = "justify"|Internetworking,roaming
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R6'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between BTS and ASN gateways
|align = "justify"|IP tunnel management to establish and release MS connection
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R8'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the BTSs
|align = "justify"|Handoffs
|-
|}

'''ASN Gateway functions'''
* Service Flow Authorization
* Authentication and key distribution
* Session/Context maintenance
* Handover co-ordination & Mobility management
* Paging control
* Accounting client
* DHCP proxy/relay
* MIP client/FA
* Data-path management and (re)-anchoring
* Policy Enforcement
* Multiple BS, ASN, CSN configurations

===Companies===
*[[List of companies]]

===Products===
Table below shows some of the products using WiMAX technology.
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.intel.com/network/connectivity/products/wireless/IntelWiMAXConnection2250.pdf Intel]
|align = "center"|System on Chip (SoC)
|align = "center"|WiMAX Connection 2250
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.redlinecommunications.com/products/RedMAX_SUI.html Redline Communication]
|align = "center"|Subscriber station
|align = "center"|RedMAX™ Indoor Subscriber Unit (SU-I)
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.airspan.com/products_wimax_hipermax.aspx Airspan]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|HiperMAX
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tech2.com/media/images/img_1809_samsung-sph-p9000-mobile-wimax_450x360.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tech2.com/india/news/smart-mobile-phones/samsung-unveils-wimaxready-p9000/2710/0&h=337&w=450&sz=89&hl=en&st Samsung]
|align = "center"|WiMAX mobile phone
|align = "center"|Samsung SPH-P9000 Cellphone
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.navini.com/Website/Content/Products/Ripwave_MX_2.3GHz.htm Navini networks]
|align = "center"|Antenna system
|align = "center"|Ripwave™ MX 2.3GHz
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

'''Sample analysis'''
* [[Media:wimax_upload.xls| Mobile WiMAX spreadsheet]]

'''Conferences'''
* [http://usa.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX world conference - 2008 in USA.]

* [http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2007/09/18/idf_wimax_laptops/ Big-name vendors lined up to offer WiMAX laptops]

* [http://www.dailywireless.org/2006/05/30/mobile-wimax-the-attack-plan/ Mobile WiMAX: The Attack Plan]

* [http://www.wimaxstrategies2007.com/ WiMAX Strategies 2007]

* [http://www.gsm-3gworldseries.com/newt/l/gsm/events/meg GSM>3G ME - The Leading Middle Eastern Communications Event - Dubai, UAE]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/2007_events/world_forum WiMAX 2007]

* [http://www.ispcon.com/fall2007.php ISPCON fall - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-mea.com/ IPTV world forum - 2007 Middle East & Africa]

* [http://www.mobilenetx.com/index.shtml Mobile Internet World conference - 2007]

* [http://www.parksassociates.com/events/europe/home.htm Strategies for digital living markets - 2007 (Connections - Europe )]

* [http://www.iptv-asia.net/ IPTV Asia - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-latinamerica.com/ IPTV World Forum Latin America 08]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/is14gen.htm WCA International Symposium & Business Expo]

* [http://www.iptv-forum.com/ IPTV World Forum 08]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/asia/ WiMAX Forum Congress Asia - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/europe WiMAX Forum Global Congress - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/usa WiMAX Forum Congress Americas - 2008]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/08gen.htm WCA - 2008 Capitalizing on the 4G/WiMAX Eco-System]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/WBF2007_workshop_PF1.htm The Professionals Meridian Conferences]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/71883.html 'Broadband & Beyond' conference highlights WiMAX technology]

* [http://www.edn-europe.com/amsterdamconferenceaddresseswimaxtrendsandissues+article+1641+Europe.html Amsterdam conference addresses WiMAX trends and issues]

* [http://www.iec.org/events/2007/bbwf/conference/b4.html WiMAX — Financial, Services, Technology Trends for Service Providers]

* [http://wimaxshowcase.tca.org.tw/ 2007 WiMAX Forum Taipei Conference]

* [http://www.at4wireless.com/wimax_plugfest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://sabb2007.tninternational.com/program.html The 1st South Asia Broadband Communications Congress & Expo]

* [http://www.tfci.com/cni/tema.htm India – Hub for Telecom Manufacturing & Exports]

* [http://www.assocham.org/ ASSOCHAM Frost & Sullivan International Conference on Broadband 2007]

* [http://www.communicasia.com/ CommunicAsia 2007]

* [http://europe.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX World Europe 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 3rd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.convergenceindia.org/ 15th Convergence India 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 2nd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.indiatelecom.org/ India Telecom 2007]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/ WiMAX Focus]

'''WiMAX deals'''

* [http://www.australianit.news.com.au/story/0,24897,22490539-15321,00.html Intel wins Nokia mobile WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.usatoday.com/tech/wireless/2007-08-27-spring-samsung-new-york_N.htm Samsung, Sprint in WiMAX deal for NYC]

* [http://seekingalpha.com/article/41543-clearwire-sprint-near-WiMAX-deal-wsj Clearwire, Sprint Near WiMAX Deal -- WSJ]

* [http://telephonyonline.com/ctia/news/motorola_WiMAX_bts_032907/ CTIA: Moto wins ninth WiMAX deal; launches new BTS]

* [http://www.arnnet.com.au/index.php/id;505799818;fp;2;fpid;1 UK's picoChip wins WiMAX deal with China's ICT]

* [http://www.cbronline.com/article_news.asp?guid=B8A941BD-1F01-485C-9288-4F3DD5E88BC3 Motorola has secured two contracts to build WiMAX networks in Taipei, Taiwan.]

* [http://www.networksystemsdesignline.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199701426 Intel mum on WiMAX deal in central China]

* [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/051807-nortel-toshiba.html Nortel, Toshiba in WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.redherring.com/Home/20590 Sprint, Nokia Ink WiMAX Deal]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/130621.html Airspan, Umniah WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.zyxel.com/web/news_news.php?sqno=463 ZyXEL and Sprint sign deal for WiMAX customer premise equipment]

* [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/07/07/page1397-170032.asp Intel Makes Largest Investment Ever in WiMAX Deal with Clearwire and Motorola]

* [http://www.reuters.com/article/technology-media-telco-SP/idUSL0521971220070405 Pipex pens WiMAX deal with Nokia Siemens Networks]

* [http://www.wirelessweek.com/article.aspx?id=146753 Nortel Scores WiMAX Deal in U.S.]

* [http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20070831a2.html DoCoMo, Acca ready WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.webmasterworld.com/forum10/11658.htm AOL and Clearwire Seal WiMAX Deal]

* [http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5862948/Nera-wins-Africa-WiMAX-deal.html Nera wins Africa WiMAX deal.]

==WiBro==
WiBro is an acronym for wireless broadband and is actually a term that is in the process of being phased out in favor of the more collaborative and generic Mobile WiMAX.
* Korean standards makers early on adopted the term to describe their initiatives towards adopting a version of the 802.16e standard.
* Basically, the Korean standard chose to accept a specific mobile WiMAX iteration of 802.16e, rather than any future version that included backwards compatibility to fixed wireless 802.16 systems.
* Korea enjoys probably the most extensive 3G deployments in the world already, and its fixed broadband access per capita is the highest in the world. What it needed was an improved mobile broadband. In fact, the Korean government issued the first three deployment licenses for WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in January of 2005.
* WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in many respects is driving the mobile side of WiMAX at least from the point of view of vendors eager to provide products to these early deployments. This decision however, results in a backwards compatibility problem with Fixed WiMAX standards or 802.16-2004.
* The smooth interoperability of previous WiBro gear from Samsung with other vendors such as Motorola should be cemented this year as these two companies along with Intel have been chosen as the primary vendor for Sprint Nextel’s WiMAX deployment. The two companies clearly have a powerful incentive for their products to work seamlessly.

===Standards===
* WiBro is an integral part of IEEE 802.16e

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting WiBro technology]]
'''Industry news:'''
* South Korean telco SK Telecom and Wavesat, a Canadian developer of a WiMAX chipset, software and development platform have signed an agreement to cooperate in the development of WiBro/OFDMA technology for next generation mobile devices.
* Wavesat will work with SK Telecom (SKT) to develop WiBro/OFDMA systems-on-chips (SoCs), system tools and a development kit based on the WiBro 802.16e S-OFDMA profile. The U-mobile product portfolio from Wavesat will allow WiMAX wireless system providers (OEMs/ODMs) worldwide to develop and deploy fully mobile WiMAX and WiBro solutions.[http://www.digitalmediaasia.com/default.asp?ArticleID=12523 Source]

===Products Overview===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|Samsung
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Jan2006/2427.htm M8000 WiBro handset ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_01.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://uk.gizmodo.com/2005/12/28/samsungs_super_wibro_phone.html Super WiBro Phone ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_02.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://aving.net/usa/news/default.asp?mode=read&c_num=28705&c_code=02&sp_code=0&btb_num=2747 WiBro-enabled notebook pc]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_03.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Access control Router
|align = "center"|[http://www.etopiamedia.net/ybw/pages/ybw2-5551212.html Access control Router]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_04.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Kisan Telecom
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|[http://www.kisantel.co.kr/eng/products/sub02.asp WiBro Repeater]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_05.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|i-River
|align = "center"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.mobilecomms-technology.com/projects/kt-corp/kt-corp2.html G10 games console]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_06.jpg]]

|-
|align = "center"|Korea Telekom
|align = "center"|USB modem
|align = "center"|[http://www.kt.co.kr/eng/New/pr_news_kt_view.jsp iPlug Premium ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_07.jpg]]

|-
|}

==3GPP Long Term Evolution==
3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements.

* LTE focus is on Enhancement of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and Optimisation of the UTRAN architecture.
* Downlink based on OFDMA (OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity, etc)
* Uplink based on SC-FDMA (single carrier) (SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices- more considerations on battery power)

===Standards===
* Download rates of 100 Mbit/s, and upload rates of 50 Mbit/s for every 20 MHz of spectrum
* At least 200 active users in every 5 MHz cell. (ie 200 active phone calls)
* Sub-5ms latency for small IP packets
* Increased spectrum flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1.25 MHz (and as large as 20 MHz) supported (W-CDMA requires 5 MHz slices, leading to some problems with roll-outs of the technology in countries where 5 MHz is a commonly allocated amount of spectrum, and is frequently already in use with legacy standards such as 2G GSM and cdmaOne.) Limiting sizes to 5 MHz also limited the amount of bandwidth per handset
* Optimal cell size of 5 km, 30 km sizes with reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance
* Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)

[[Image:3GPP LTE protocol stack.jpg|center|900 px|thumbnail| '''3GPP LTE protocol stack''']]

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP technology]]

===Products===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/en/products/test_and_measurement/product_categories/spectrum_analysis/top_class/FSQ.html Rohde & Schwarz]
|align = "center"|Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"|FSQ Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://bul.ece.ubc.ca/Behrouz Pourseyed_UBC_IEEE_PDF.pdf Sierra Wireless]
|align = "center"|PC cards
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Test Systems
|align = "center"|MX785201A test systems
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center"|MD8480C signaling tester
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/Picocell.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/7001.htm&h=248&w=405&sz=34&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=lSbNTfdqb4fDhM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3D3GPP%2B%252B%2Bsyste Picochip]
|align = "center"|Bse station
|align = "center"|Base station damo
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==HSOPA==
High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) is a proposed part of 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for UMTS systems. HSOPA is also often referred to as Super 3G. If adopted, HSOPA succeeds HSDPA and HSUPA technologies specified in 3GPP releases 5 and 6. Unlike HSDPA or HSUPA, HSOPA is an entirely new air interface system, unrelated to and incompatible with W-CDMA.
Features of HSOPA

===Standards===
* Flexible bandwidth usage with 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz bandwidths. By comparison, W-CDMA uses fixed size 5 MHz chunks of spectrum.
* Increased spectral efficiency at 2-4 times more than in 3GPP release 6, peak transfer rates of 100 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink.
* Latency times of around 20 ms for round trip time from user terminal to RAN, approximately the same as a combined HSDPA/HSUPA system, but much better than "classic" W-CDMA.

'''Design'''

HSOPA uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology to support up to 10 times as many users as W-CDMA based systems, with lower processing power required on each handset.[1]. Still in development, experimental performance is 37 Mbit/s in the downlink over a 5 MHz channel, close to the theoretical maximum of 40 Mbit/s.

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting HSOPA technology]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3627.htm Orange]
|align = "center"|PC crad
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3613.htm Samsung]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Mobile
|align = "center"|SGH-Z620
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2007/5209.htm T - mobile]
|align = "center"|MDA Vario III
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3586.htm Sarian]
|align = "center"|Router
|align = "center"|HR4110 HSDPA router
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/August2006/3458.htm Centro technologies]
|align = "center"|RF HSDPA Test Cases
|align = "center"|MINT T1152-HSDPA
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband==
UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) is the brand name for the project within 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements.The system employs OFDMA technology along with advanced antenna techniques to provide peak rates of up to 280 Mbit/s.

Goals for UMB:
* Improving system capacity
* Greatly increasing user data rates throughout the cell
* Lowering costs
* Enhancing existing services
* Making possible new applications, and
* Making use of new spectrum opportunities.

The technology will provide users with concurrent IP-based services in a full mobility environment. The UMB standardization is expected to be completed in mid 2007, with commercialization taking place around mid-2009.

===Standards===
* OFDMA-based air interface
* Frequency Division Duplex
* Scalable bandwidth between 1.25-20 MHz (OFDMA systems are especially well suited for wider bandwidths larger than 5 MHz)
* Supports mixed cell sizes, e.g., macro-cellular, micro-cellular & pico-cellular.
* IP network architecture
* Supports flat, centralized and mixed topologies
* Data speeds over 275 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadband Source]

[http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/Misc/AboutHome.cfm More infromation]

'''Key features'''
* Multiple radio and advanced antenna techniques
*# Sophisticated control and signaling mechanisms (minimized) combine the best aspects of CDMA, TDM, OFDM, and OFDMA into a single air interface
*# Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
*# Improved interference management techniques
* Ultra-high mobile broadband peak data rates
*# Up to 280Mbps peak data rate on forward link
*# Up to 68Mbps peak data rate on reverse link
* Ultra-low network latency
*# An average of 16.8 msec (32-byte, RTT) end-to-end network latency
* Enhanced VoIP capacity and user experience
*# Up to 500 simultaneous VoIP users (10 MHz FDD allocations)
* Scalable IP-based flat or hierarchical architecture
*# Greater service deployment flexibility, improved performance, and lower cost of ownership
* Flexible spectrum allocations
*# Scalable, non-contiguous and dynamic channel (bandwidth) allocations
*# Support for bandwidth allocations of 1.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz
* Less power consumption
*# Improved battery life

[http://www.cdg.org/technology/3g_umb.asp Source]

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP2 UMB technology ]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/oqo02-thumb.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/portable_devices/ultra_mobile_pcs/%3Fstart%3D25&h=259&w=250&sz=10&hl=en&start=15&um=1&tbnid=iPw46oQ3TpV5tM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=108&prev=/im OQO Inc]
|align = "center"|Ultra mobile PC
|align = "center"|OQO Model 2 ultra mobile
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/im.php/width/640/im/3637_7_3_Mobile_Mobile_Broadband_USB.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/pid%3B3637%3Btaxid%3B2136213053%3Bpt%3B1&h=426&w=640&sz=11&hl=en&start=13 3 Mobile]
|align = "center"|Broad band USB
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband USB modem
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=6598 Sprint]
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband Card
|align = "center"|EV-DO card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.caviumnetworks.com/newsevents_caviumnetworks_Qualcomm.html Qualcomm]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

==Process Chart==
[[Image: ProcessChart.jpg|thumb|center]]

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4G wireless technology developments

2010-06-24T19:11:37Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* Process Chart */

{{TOCrightEx}}
== Overview ==
===Definition of 4G===
The 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of networks achieved after the convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as computer, consumer electronics, communication technology, and several other convergences that will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments with end-to-end QoS and high security, offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost and one billing.

According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the terminals will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure will however only be packet based, all-IP. The system will also serve as an open platform where the new innovations can go with it.

=== 4G standards ===
* WiMAX
* WiBro
* 3GPP Long Term Evolution
* HSOPA
* 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband

===Services where 4G is used===
*Wireless broadband access
*Multimedia Messaging Service
*Video chat
*Mobile TV
*High definition TV content,
*DVB
*Minimal service like voice and data

=== 4G objectives===
* A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site)
* High network capacity
* A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s at high speeds and 1 Gbit/s at stationary conditions as defined by the ITU-R
* A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world
* Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network
* Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks
* High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
* Interoperability with the existing wireless standards
* An all IP, packet switched network

==Technology overview==
Mindmap below shows the overview of emerging technologies in 4G

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Parameter'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "5"|'''4G'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiMAX'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiBro'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP LTE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''HSOPA'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP2 UMB'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Logo'''
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wimax_01.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wibro_02.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:lte_03.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:hsopa_04.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:umb_05.jpeg|70px]]

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Access scheme'''
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Duplex system'''
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|TDD
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Channel Bandwidth'''
|align = "center"|3.5, 5, 7, 8.75, 10, 15, 20MHz
|align = "center"|8.75MHz
|align = "center"|1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 MHz to 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 - 20 MHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FFT size'''
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048
|align = "center"|1024
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2048
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2049
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Data rate'''
|align = "center"|70 Mbps
|align = "center"|30 - 50 Mbps
|align = "center"|100 Mbps Downlink 50 Mbps Uplink
|align = "center"|14.4 Mbps
|align = "center"|275 Mbps Downlink 75 Mbps Uplink
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Antenna System'''
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (4 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FEC scheme'''
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Turbo Code
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Modulation'''
|align = "center"|BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 8PSK 16 QAM
|align = "center"|16 QAM
|align = "center"|BPSK, 8PSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Frequency band'''
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2010MHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2025MHz
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|450 MHz to 3.6GHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Cell coverage'''
|align = "center"|10 KM
|align = "center"|1 KM
|align = "center"|5 - 100 KM
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

===Mobile technology roadmap===
[[Image:roadmap.jpg|700px|center|thumb|'''Roadmap''']]

[[Image:roadmap_mobile wimax.jpg|700px|center|thumb| [http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ixbt.com/mobile/itogi2006/wimax/Evolution_big.jpg&imgrefurl=http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/765653.html&h=699&w=931&sz=91&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=vTRyRja1XS2n6M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwimax%2Broadmap%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DG '''Roadmap''']]]

=== Dashboard Preview ===

[[Image:patent chart.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of company statistics per protocol]]

[[Image:patents.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of patents per protocol]]

[[Image:product.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of the products for particular company]]

==Like this report?==
 '''This is only a sample report with brief analysis''' 
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==WiMAX==

===[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 '''''WiMAX Dashboard''''']===

* WiMAX is defined as "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access" by the WiMAX Forum, formed in June 2001 to promote conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard, officially known as WirelessMAN. WiMAX aims to provide wireless data over long distances, in a variety of different ways, from point to point links to full mobile cellular type access. In practical terms this enables a user, for example, to browse the Internet on a laptop computer without physically connecting the laptop to a wall jack.

'''[[Background Information]]'''

'''Spectrum coverage by geography'''
Image below shows the spectrum for WiMAX users World wide.
[[Image:Spectrum1.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''Spectrum for WiMAX users World wide''']]

'''Market research data:'''
* Worldwide WiMAX equipment revenues are forecast to reach $3.26 billion in 2009
* Worldwide outdoor wireless mesh access node sales are forecast to reach $1.17 billion in 2009
* Samsung leads overall WiMAX equipment revenue share in 3Q06, ahead of Alvarion, Airspan, and Aperto Networks
* Strix Systems leads overall outdoor mesh revenue market share in 3Q06, just ahead of Tropos Networks and BelAir Networks
* 35% of WiMAX equipment sales come from Asia Pacific, 30% from EMEA, 20% from North America, and 14% from CALA
* 49% of wireless mesh access node sales come from North America, 25% from EMEA, 18% from Asia Pacific, and 8% from CALA
* 802.16 standards The first 802.16 standard was approved in December 2001. It delivered a standard for point to multipoint Broadband Wireless transmission in the 10-66 GHz band, with only a Line of Sight (LOS) capability. It uses a single carrier (SC) physical (PHY) standard. [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/12/05/page1421-371393.asp Source]

===Standards===
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16.2-2004.pdf IEEE 802.16-2004 (802.16d)] addresses only fixed systems
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16e-2005.pdf IEEE Std 802.16e-2005], also called mobile WiMAX
#* 802.16e also bring Multiple Antenna Support through Multiple-input multiple-output communications. This brings potential benefits in terms of coverage, self installation, power consumption, frequency re-use and bandwidth efficiency. 802.16e also adds a capability for full mobility support.
# WiMAX II, 802.16m will be proposed for IMT-Advanced 4G (future development)
#* 3GPP LTE and WiMAX-m are concentrating much effort on MIMO-AAS, mobile multi-hop relay networking and related developments needed to deliver 10X and higher Co-Channel reuse multiples.

'''IEEE 802.16e-2005 improves upon IEEE 802.16-2004 by:'''

* Scaling of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the channel bandwidth in order to keep the carrier spacing constant across different channel bandwidths (1.25-20 MHz). Constant carrier spacing results in a higher spectrum efficiency in wide channels, and a cost reduction in narrow channels. Also known as Scalable OFDMA (SOFDMA).
* Improving NLOS coverage by utilizing advanced antenna diversity schemes, and hybrid-Automatic Retransmission Request (hARQ)
* Improving coverage by introducing Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology
* Increasing system gain by use of denser sub-channelization, thereby improving indoor penetration
* Introducing high-performance coding techniques such as Turbo Coding and Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC), enhancing security and NLOS performance
* Introducing downlink sub-channelization, allowing administrators to trade coverage for capacity or vice versa
* Enhanced Fast Fourier Transform algorithm can tolerate larger delay spreads, increasing resistance to multipath interference
* Adding an extra QoS class (enhanced real-time Polling Service) more appropriate for VoIP applications.
* Adding support for mobility (soft and hard handover between base stations). This is seen as one of the most important aspects of 802.16e-2005, and is the very basis of 'Mobile WiMAX'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX Source]

'''Technology mapping parameters'''
[[Image:protocol.jpg|center|800 px|thumbnail| '''IEEE 802.16e Protocol Stack''']]

'''Content delivery'''

'''QoS service for WiMAX Content Delivery as per standard'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "3"|'''Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''UGS'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''RT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''NRT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''BE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''ERT-VR'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Unsolicited Grant Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Real-Time Variable Rate Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Non-Real-Time Variable Rate service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Best Efforts Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Extended Real-Time Variable Rate Service.'''
|-
|valign = "top"|Real time service (e.g.VoIP) generating fixed data rate. Data can be provided as either fixed or variable length PDU.
|valign = "top"|Real-time service (e.g.MPEG) applications with variable bit rates. Require guaranteed data rate and delay.
|valign = "top"|Non Real time service (FTP) for guaranted data rate.This service is insensetive to delays.It is desirable in certain cases to limit the data rate of these services to some maximum rate.
|valign = "top"|The intent of the BE service grant scheduling type is to provide efficient service for best effort traffic in the
uplink.
|valign = "top"|This service is to support real-time applications with variable data-rates, which require guaranteed data and delay, for example VoIP with silence suppression.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Parameters'''
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum reserved traffic rate 2) Maximum Latency 3)Request/Transmission Policy 4) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic priority 5)Request/Transmission policy 6) Unsolicited Polling Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 2) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 3) Traffic priority 4)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 2) Traffic priority 3)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency Tolerated Jitter 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic Priority 5)Request/Transmission Policy 6) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|-
|}

'''WiMAX Network Reference Model'''

'''Access Service network(ASN)''': The ASN coordinates traffic across multiple Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and supports security, handoffs and Quality of Service (QoS).
* The ASN interfaces the BTS and the all-IP core network—the CSN. Typically the ASN includes numerous BTSs with one or more ASN gateways.
* The ASN manages radio resources, MS access, mobility, security and QoS. It acts as a relay for the CSN for IP address allocation and AAA functions.

[[Image:ASN.jpg|center|1500 px|thumbnail|'''WiMAX Network Reference Model ''']]

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="78% " align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Interface'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Description'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Functionality'''
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R1'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the ASN
|align = "justify"|Air interface
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R2'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA (Authentication, Authorization, & Accounting ), IP host configuration, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R3'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASN and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA, policy enforcement, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R4'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASNs
|align = "justify"|Mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R5'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the CSNs
|align = "justify"|Internetworking,roaming
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R6'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between BTS and ASN gateways
|align = "justify"|IP tunnel management to establish and release MS connection
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R8'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the BTSs
|align = "justify"|Handoffs
|-
|}

'''ASN Gateway functions'''
* Service Flow Authorization
* Authentication and key distribution
* Session/Context maintenance
* Handover co-ordination & Mobility management
* Paging control
* Accounting client
* DHCP proxy/relay
* MIP client/FA
* Data-path management and (re)-anchoring
* Policy Enforcement
* Multiple BS, ASN, CSN configurations

===Companies===
*[[List of companies]]

===Products===
Table below shows some of the products using WiMAX technology.
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.intel.com/network/connectivity/products/wireless/IntelWiMAXConnection2250.pdf Intel]
|align = "center"|System on Chip (SoC)
|align = "center"|WiMAX Connection 2250
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.redlinecommunications.com/products/RedMAX_SUI.html Redline Communication]
|align = "center"|Subscriber station
|align = "center"|RedMAX™ Indoor Subscriber Unit (SU-I)
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.airspan.com/products_wimax_hipermax.aspx Airspan]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|HiperMAX
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tech2.com/media/images/img_1809_samsung-sph-p9000-mobile-wimax_450x360.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tech2.com/india/news/smart-mobile-phones/samsung-unveils-wimaxready-p9000/2710/0&h=337&w=450&sz=89&hl=en&st Samsung]
|align = "center"|WiMAX mobile phone
|align = "center"|Samsung SPH-P9000 Cellphone
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.navini.com/Website/Content/Products/Ripwave_MX_2.3GHz.htm Navini networks]
|align = "center"|Antenna system
|align = "center"|Ripwave™ MX 2.3GHz
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

'''Sample analysis'''
* [[Media:wimax_upload.xls| Mobile WiMAX spreadsheet]]

'''Conferences'''
* [http://usa.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX world conference - 2008 in USA.]

* [http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2007/09/18/idf_wimax_laptops/ Big-name vendors lined up to offer WiMAX laptops]

* [http://www.dailywireless.org/2006/05/30/mobile-wimax-the-attack-plan/ Mobile WiMAX: The Attack Plan]

* [http://www.wimaxstrategies2007.com/ WiMAX Strategies 2007]

* [http://www.gsm-3gworldseries.com/newt/l/gsm/events/meg GSM>3G ME - The Leading Middle Eastern Communications Event - Dubai, UAE]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/2007_events/world_forum WiMAX 2007]

* [http://www.ispcon.com/fall2007.php ISPCON fall - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-mea.com/ IPTV world forum - 2007 Middle East & Africa]

* [http://www.mobilenetx.com/index.shtml Mobile Internet World conference - 2007]

* [http://www.parksassociates.com/events/europe/home.htm Strategies for digital living markets - 2007 (Connections - Europe )]

* [http://www.iptv-asia.net/ IPTV Asia - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-latinamerica.com/ IPTV World Forum Latin America 08]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/is14gen.htm WCA International Symposium & Business Expo]

* [http://www.iptv-forum.com/ IPTV World Forum 08]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/asia/ WiMAX Forum Congress Asia - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/europe WiMAX Forum Global Congress - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/usa WiMAX Forum Congress Americas - 2008]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/08gen.htm WCA - 2008 Capitalizing on the 4G/WiMAX Eco-System]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/WBF2007_workshop_PF1.htm The Professionals Meridian Conferences]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/71883.html 'Broadband & Beyond' conference highlights WiMAX technology]

* [http://www.edn-europe.com/amsterdamconferenceaddresseswimaxtrendsandissues+article+1641+Europe.html Amsterdam conference addresses WiMAX trends and issues]

* [http://www.iec.org/events/2007/bbwf/conference/b4.html WiMAX — Financial, Services, Technology Trends for Service Providers]

* [http://wimaxshowcase.tca.org.tw/ 2007 WiMAX Forum Taipei Conference]

* [http://www.at4wireless.com/wimax_plugfest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://sabb2007.tninternational.com/program.html The 1st South Asia Broadband Communications Congress & Expo]

* [http://www.tfci.com/cni/tema.htm India – Hub for Telecom Manufacturing & Exports]

* [http://www.assocham.org/ ASSOCHAM Frost & Sullivan International Conference on Broadband 2007]

* [http://www.communicasia.com/ CommunicAsia 2007]

* [http://europe.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX World Europe 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 3rd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.convergenceindia.org/ 15th Convergence India 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 2nd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.indiatelecom.org/ India Telecom 2007]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/ WiMAX Focus]

'''WiMAX deals'''

* [http://www.australianit.news.com.au/story/0,24897,22490539-15321,00.html Intel wins Nokia mobile WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.usatoday.com/tech/wireless/2007-08-27-spring-samsung-new-york_N.htm Samsung, Sprint in WiMAX deal for NYC]

* [http://seekingalpha.com/article/41543-clearwire-sprint-near-WiMAX-deal-wsj Clearwire, Sprint Near WiMAX Deal -- WSJ]

* [http://telephonyonline.com/ctia/news/motorola_WiMAX_bts_032907/ CTIA: Moto wins ninth WiMAX deal; launches new BTS]

* [http://www.arnnet.com.au/index.php/id;505799818;fp;2;fpid;1 UK's picoChip wins WiMAX deal with China's ICT]

* [http://www.cbronline.com/article_news.asp?guid=B8A941BD-1F01-485C-9288-4F3DD5E88BC3 Motorola has secured two contracts to build WiMAX networks in Taipei, Taiwan.]

* [http://www.networksystemsdesignline.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199701426 Intel mum on WiMAX deal in central China]

* [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/051807-nortel-toshiba.html Nortel, Toshiba in WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.redherring.com/Home/20590 Sprint, Nokia Ink WiMAX Deal]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/130621.html Airspan, Umniah WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.zyxel.com/web/news_news.php?sqno=463 ZyXEL and Sprint sign deal for WiMAX customer premise equipment]

* [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/07/07/page1397-170032.asp Intel Makes Largest Investment Ever in WiMAX Deal with Clearwire and Motorola]

* [http://www.reuters.com/article/technology-media-telco-SP/idUSL0521971220070405 Pipex pens WiMAX deal with Nokia Siemens Networks]

* [http://www.wirelessweek.com/article.aspx?id=146753 Nortel Scores WiMAX Deal in U.S.]

* [http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20070831a2.html DoCoMo, Acca ready WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.webmasterworld.com/forum10/11658.htm AOL and Clearwire Seal WiMAX Deal]

* [http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5862948/Nera-wins-Africa-WiMAX-deal.html Nera wins Africa WiMAX deal.]

==WiBro==
WiBro is an acronym for wireless broadband and is actually a term that is in the process of being phased out in favor of the more collaborative and generic Mobile WiMAX.
* Korean standards makers early on adopted the term to describe their initiatives towards adopting a version of the 802.16e standard.
* Basically, the Korean standard chose to accept a specific mobile WiMAX iteration of 802.16e, rather than any future version that included backwards compatibility to fixed wireless 802.16 systems.
* Korea enjoys probably the most extensive 3G deployments in the world already, and its fixed broadband access per capita is the highest in the world. What it needed was an improved mobile broadband. In fact, the Korean government issued the first three deployment licenses for WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in January of 2005.
* WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in many respects is driving the mobile side of WiMAX at least from the point of view of vendors eager to provide products to these early deployments. This decision however, results in a backwards compatibility problem with Fixed WiMAX standards or 802.16-2004.
* The smooth interoperability of previous WiBro gear from Samsung with other vendors such as Motorola should be cemented this year as these two companies along with Intel have been chosen as the primary vendor for Sprint Nextel’s WiMAX deployment. The two companies clearly have a powerful incentive for their products to work seamlessly.

===Standards===
* WiBro is an integral part of IEEE 802.16e

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting WiBro technology]]
'''Industry news:'''
* South Korean telco SK Telecom and Wavesat, a Canadian developer of a WiMAX chipset, software and development platform have signed an agreement to cooperate in the development of WiBro/OFDMA technology for next generation mobile devices.
* Wavesat will work with SK Telecom (SKT) to develop WiBro/OFDMA systems-on-chips (SoCs), system tools and a development kit based on the WiBro 802.16e S-OFDMA profile. The U-mobile product portfolio from Wavesat will allow WiMAX wireless system providers (OEMs/ODMs) worldwide to develop and deploy fully mobile WiMAX and WiBro solutions.[http://www.digitalmediaasia.com/default.asp?ArticleID=12523 Source]

===Products Overview===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|Samsung
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Jan2006/2427.htm M8000 WiBro handset ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_01.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://uk.gizmodo.com/2005/12/28/samsungs_super_wibro_phone.html Super WiBro Phone ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_02.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://aving.net/usa/news/default.asp?mode=read&c_num=28705&c_code=02&sp_code=0&btb_num=2747 WiBro-enabled notebook pc]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_03.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Access control Router
|align = "center"|[http://www.etopiamedia.net/ybw/pages/ybw2-5551212.html Access control Router]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_04.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Kisan Telecom
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|[http://www.kisantel.co.kr/eng/products/sub02.asp WiBro Repeater]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_05.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|i-River
|align = "center"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.mobilecomms-technology.com/projects/kt-corp/kt-corp2.html G10 games console]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_06.jpg]]

|-
|align = "center"|Korea Telekom
|align = "center"|USB modem
|align = "center"|[http://www.kt.co.kr/eng/New/pr_news_kt_view.jsp iPlug Premium ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_07.jpg]]

|-
|}

==3GPP Long Term Evolution==
3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements.

* LTE focus is on Enhancement of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and Optimisation of the UTRAN architecture.
* Downlink based on OFDMA (OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity, etc)
* Uplink based on SC-FDMA (single carrier) (SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices- more considerations on battery power)

===Standards===
* Download rates of 100 Mbit/s, and upload rates of 50 Mbit/s for every 20 MHz of spectrum
* At least 200 active users in every 5 MHz cell. (ie 200 active phone calls)
* Sub-5ms latency for small IP packets
* Increased spectrum flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1.25 MHz (and as large as 20 MHz) supported (W-CDMA requires 5 MHz slices, leading to some problems with roll-outs of the technology in countries where 5 MHz is a commonly allocated amount of spectrum, and is frequently already in use with legacy standards such as 2G GSM and cdmaOne.) Limiting sizes to 5 MHz also limited the amount of bandwidth per handset
* Optimal cell size of 5 km, 30 km sizes with reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance
* Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)

[[Image:3GPP LTE protocol stack.jpg|center|900 px|thumbnail| '''3GPP LTE protocol stack''']]

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP technology]]

===Products===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/en/products/test_and_measurement/product_categories/spectrum_analysis/top_class/FSQ.html Rohde & Schwarz]
|align = "center"|Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"|FSQ Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://bul.ece.ubc.ca/Behrouz Pourseyed_UBC_IEEE_PDF.pdf Sierra Wireless]
|align = "center"|PC cards
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Test Systems
|align = "center"|MX785201A test systems
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center"|MD8480C signaling tester
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/Picocell.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/7001.htm&h=248&w=405&sz=34&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=lSbNTfdqb4fDhM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3D3GPP%2B%252B%2Bsyste Picochip]
|align = "center"|Bse station
|align = "center"|Base station damo
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==HSOPA==
High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) is a proposed part of 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for UMTS systems. HSOPA is also often referred to as Super 3G. If adopted, HSOPA succeeds HSDPA and HSUPA technologies specified in 3GPP releases 5 and 6. Unlike HSDPA or HSUPA, HSOPA is an entirely new air interface system, unrelated to and incompatible with W-CDMA.
Features of HSOPA

===Standards===
* Flexible bandwidth usage with 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz bandwidths. By comparison, W-CDMA uses fixed size 5 MHz chunks of spectrum.
* Increased spectral efficiency at 2-4 times more than in 3GPP release 6, peak transfer rates of 100 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink.
* Latency times of around 20 ms for round trip time from user terminal to RAN, approximately the same as a combined HSDPA/HSUPA system, but much better than "classic" W-CDMA.

'''Design'''

HSOPA uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology to support up to 10 times as many users as W-CDMA based systems, with lower processing power required on each handset.[1]. Still in development, experimental performance is 37 Mbit/s in the downlink over a 5 MHz channel, close to the theoretical maximum of 40 Mbit/s.

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting HSOPA technology]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3627.htm Orange]
|align = "center"|PC crad
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3613.htm Samsung]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Mobile
|align = "center"|SGH-Z620
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2007/5209.htm T - mobile]
|align = "center"|MDA Vario III
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3586.htm Sarian]
|align = "center"|Router
|align = "center"|HR4110 HSDPA router
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/August2006/3458.htm Centro technologies]
|align = "center"|RF HSDPA Test Cases
|align = "center"|MINT T1152-HSDPA
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband==
UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) is the brand name for the project within 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements.The system employs OFDMA technology along with advanced antenna techniques to provide peak rates of up to 280 Mbit/s.

Goals for UMB:
* Improving system capacity
* Greatly increasing user data rates throughout the cell
* Lowering costs
* Enhancing existing services
* Making possible new applications, and
* Making use of new spectrum opportunities.

The technology will provide users with concurrent IP-based services in a full mobility environment. The UMB standardization is expected to be completed in mid 2007, with commercialization taking place around mid-2009.

===Standards===
* OFDMA-based air interface
* Frequency Division Duplex
* Scalable bandwidth between 1.25-20 MHz (OFDMA systems are especially well suited for wider bandwidths larger than 5 MHz)
* Supports mixed cell sizes, e.g., macro-cellular, micro-cellular & pico-cellular.
* IP network architecture
* Supports flat, centralized and mixed topologies
* Data speeds over 275 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadband Source]

[http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/Misc/AboutHome.cfm More infromation]

'''Key features'''
* Multiple radio and advanced antenna techniques
*# Sophisticated control and signaling mechanisms (minimized) combine the best aspects of CDMA, TDM, OFDM, and OFDMA into a single air interface
*# Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
*# Improved interference management techniques
* Ultra-high mobile broadband peak data rates
*# Up to 280Mbps peak data rate on forward link
*# Up to 68Mbps peak data rate on reverse link
* Ultra-low network latency
*# An average of 16.8 msec (32-byte, RTT) end-to-end network latency
* Enhanced VoIP capacity and user experience
*# Up to 500 simultaneous VoIP users (10 MHz FDD allocations)
* Scalable IP-based flat or hierarchical architecture
*# Greater service deployment flexibility, improved performance, and lower cost of ownership
* Flexible spectrum allocations
*# Scalable, non-contiguous and dynamic channel (bandwidth) allocations
*# Support for bandwidth allocations of 1.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz
* Less power consumption
*# Improved battery life

[http://www.cdg.org/technology/3g_umb.asp Source]

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP2 UMB technology ]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/oqo02-thumb.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/portable_devices/ultra_mobile_pcs/%3Fstart%3D25&h=259&w=250&sz=10&hl=en&start=15&um=1&tbnid=iPw46oQ3TpV5tM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=108&prev=/im OQO Inc]
|align = "center"|Ultra mobile PC
|align = "center"|OQO Model 2 ultra mobile
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/im.php/width/640/im/3637_7_3_Mobile_Mobile_Broadband_USB.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/pid%3B3637%3Btaxid%3B2136213053%3Bpt%3B1&h=426&w=640&sz=11&hl=en&start=13 3 Mobile]
|align = "center"|Broad band USB
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband USB modem
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=6598 Sprint]
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband Card
|align = "center"|EV-DO card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.caviumnetworks.com/newsevents_caviumnetworks_Qualcomm.html Qualcomm]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

==Process Chart==
[[Image: ProcessChart.jpg|center]]

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==Contact Dolcera==

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! style="background:lightgrey" | Samir Raiyani
|-
| '''Email''': [mailto:info@dolcera.com info@dolcera.com]
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4G wireless technology developments

2010-06-24T19:08:22Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: /* Products */

{{TOCrightEx}}
== Overview ==
===Definition of 4G===
The 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of networks achieved after the convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as computer, consumer electronics, communication technology, and several other convergences that will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments with end-to-end QoS and high security, offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost and one billing.

According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the terminals will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure will however only be packet based, all-IP. The system will also serve as an open platform where the new innovations can go with it.

=== 4G standards ===
* WiMAX
* WiBro
* 3GPP Long Term Evolution
* HSOPA
* 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband

===Services where 4G is used===
*Wireless broadband access
*Multimedia Messaging Service
*Video chat
*Mobile TV
*High definition TV content,
*DVB
*Minimal service like voice and data

=== 4G objectives===
* A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site)
* High network capacity
* A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s at high speeds and 1 Gbit/s at stationary conditions as defined by the ITU-R
* A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world
* Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network
* Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks
* High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
* Interoperability with the existing wireless standards
* An all IP, packet switched network

==Technology overview==
Mindmap below shows the overview of emerging technologies in 4G

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Parameter'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "5"|'''4G'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiMAX'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''WiBro'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP LTE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''HSOPA'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''3GPP2 UMB'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Logo'''
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wimax_01.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:wibro_02.jpeg|70px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:lte_03.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:hsopa_04.jpeg|100px]]

|align = "center"| 
[[Image:umb_05.jpeg|70px]]

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Access scheme'''
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|SC-FDMA Uplink OFDMA Downlink
|align = "center"|OFDMA
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Duplex system'''
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|TDD
|align = "center"|TDD/FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|align = "center"|FDD
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Channel Bandwidth'''
|align = "center"|3.5, 5, 7, 8.75, 10, 15, 20MHz
|align = "center"|8.75MHz
|align = "center"|1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 MHz to 20 MHz
|align = "center"|1.25 - 20 MHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FFT size'''
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048
|align = "center"|1024
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2048
|align = "center"|128, 256, 512, 1024, 1536, 2049
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Data rate'''
|align = "center"|70 Mbps
|align = "center"|30 - 50 Mbps
|align = "center"|100 Mbps Downlink 50 Mbps Uplink
|align = "center"|14.4 Mbps
|align = "center"|275 Mbps Downlink 75 Mbps Uplink
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Antenna System'''
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (6 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems. (4 - antenna array)
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|align = "center"|MIMO-AAS smart antenna subsystems.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''FEC scheme'''
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Convolution Turbo Code
|align = "center"|Convolution Code Turbo Code
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Modulation'''
|align = "center"|BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|align = "center"|QPSK, 8PSK 16 QAM
|align = "center"|16 QAM
|align = "center"|BPSK, 8PSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Frequency band'''
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2.3GHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2.4GHz
|align = "center"|2010MHz <nowiki>~</nowiki> 2025MHz
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|450 MHz to 3.6GHz
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Cell coverage'''
|align = "center"|10 KM
|align = "center"|1 KM
|align = "center"|5 - 100 KM
|align = "center"|N/A
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

===Mobile technology roadmap===
[[Image:roadmap.jpg|700px|center|thumb|'''Roadmap''']]

[[Image:roadmap_mobile wimax.jpg|700px|center|thumb| [http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ixbt.com/mobile/itogi2006/wimax/Evolution_big.jpg&imgrefurl=http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/765653.html&h=699&w=931&sz=91&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=vTRyRja1XS2n6M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwimax%2Broadmap%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DG '''Roadmap''']]]

=== Dashboard Preview ===

[[Image:patent chart.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of company statistics per protocol]]

[[Image:patents.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of patents per protocol]]

[[Image:product.jpeg|1000 px|center|thumb|Preview of the products for particular company]]

==Like this report?==
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==WiMAX==

===[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=54 '''''WiMAX Dashboard''''']===

* WiMAX is defined as "Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access" by the WiMAX Forum, formed in June 2001 to promote conformance and interoperability of the IEEE 802.16 standard, officially known as WirelessMAN. WiMAX aims to provide wireless data over long distances, in a variety of different ways, from point to point links to full mobile cellular type access. In practical terms this enables a user, for example, to browse the Internet on a laptop computer without physically connecting the laptop to a wall jack.

'''[[Background Information]]'''

'''Spectrum coverage by geography'''
Image below shows the spectrum for WiMAX users World wide.
[[Image:Spectrum1.jpg|center|800px|thumb|'''Spectrum for WiMAX users World wide''']]

'''Market research data:'''
* Worldwide WiMAX equipment revenues are forecast to reach $3.26 billion in 2009
* Worldwide outdoor wireless mesh access node sales are forecast to reach $1.17 billion in 2009
* Samsung leads overall WiMAX equipment revenue share in 3Q06, ahead of Alvarion, Airspan, and Aperto Networks
* Strix Systems leads overall outdoor mesh revenue market share in 3Q06, just ahead of Tropos Networks and BelAir Networks
* 35% of WiMAX equipment sales come from Asia Pacific, 30% from EMEA, 20% from North America, and 14% from CALA
* 49% of wireless mesh access node sales come from North America, 25% from EMEA, 18% from Asia Pacific, and 8% from CALA
* 802.16 standards The first 802.16 standard was approved in December 2001. It delivered a standard for point to multipoint Broadband Wireless transmission in the 10-66 GHz band, with only a Line of Sight (LOS) capability. It uses a single carrier (SC) physical (PHY) standard. [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/12/05/page1421-371393.asp Source]

===Standards===
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16.2-2004.pdf IEEE 802.16-2004 (802.16d)] addresses only fixed systems
# [http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.16e-2005.pdf IEEE Std 802.16e-2005], also called mobile WiMAX
#* 802.16e also bring Multiple Antenna Support through Multiple-input multiple-output communications. This brings potential benefits in terms of coverage, self installation, power consumption, frequency re-use and bandwidth efficiency. 802.16e also adds a capability for full mobility support.
# WiMAX II, 802.16m will be proposed for IMT-Advanced 4G (future development)
#* 3GPP LTE and WiMAX-m are concentrating much effort on MIMO-AAS, mobile multi-hop relay networking and related developments needed to deliver 10X and higher Co-Channel reuse multiples.

'''IEEE 802.16e-2005 improves upon IEEE 802.16-2004 by:'''

* Scaling of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to the channel bandwidth in order to keep the carrier spacing constant across different channel bandwidths (1.25-20 MHz). Constant carrier spacing results in a higher spectrum efficiency in wide channels, and a cost reduction in narrow channels. Also known as Scalable OFDMA (SOFDMA).
* Improving NLOS coverage by utilizing advanced antenna diversity schemes, and hybrid-Automatic Retransmission Request (hARQ)
* Improving coverage by introducing Adaptive Antenna Systems (AAS) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology
* Increasing system gain by use of denser sub-channelization, thereby improving indoor penetration
* Introducing high-performance coding techniques such as Turbo Coding and Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC), enhancing security and NLOS performance
* Introducing downlink sub-channelization, allowing administrators to trade coverage for capacity or vice versa
* Enhanced Fast Fourier Transform algorithm can tolerate larger delay spreads, increasing resistance to multipath interference
* Adding an extra QoS class (enhanced real-time Polling Service) more appropriate for VoIP applications.
* Adding support for mobility (soft and hard handover between base stations). This is seen as one of the most important aspects of 802.16e-2005, and is the very basis of 'Mobile WiMAX'. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX Source]

'''Technology mapping parameters'''
[[Image:protocol.jpg|center|800 px|thumbnail| '''IEEE 802.16e Protocol Stack''']]

'''Content delivery'''

'''QoS service for WiMAX Content Delivery as per standard'''

{|border="2" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "3"|'''Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''UGS'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''RT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''NRT-VR'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''BE'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''ERT-VR'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Unsolicited Grant Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Real-Time Variable Rate Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Non-Real-Time Variable Rate service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Best Efforts Service'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Extended Real-Time Variable Rate Service.'''
|-
|valign = "top"|Real time service (e.g.VoIP) generating fixed data rate. Data can be provided as either fixed or variable length PDU.
|valign = "top"|Real-time service (e.g.MPEG) applications with variable bit rates. Require guaranteed data rate and delay.
|valign = "top"|Non Real time service (FTP) for guaranted data rate.This service is insensetive to delays.It is desirable in certain cases to limit the data rate of these services to some maximum rate.
|valign = "top"|The intent of the BE service grant scheduling type is to provide efficient service for best effort traffic in the
uplink.
|valign = "top"|This service is to support real-time applications with variable data-rates, which require guaranteed data and delay, for example VoIP with silence suppression.
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Parameters'''
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum reserved traffic rate 2) Maximum Latency 3)Request/Transmission Policy 4) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic priority 5)Request/Transmission policy 6) Unsolicited Polling Interval
|valign = "top"|1) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 2) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 3) Traffic priority 4)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 2) Traffic priority 3)Request/Transmission policy
|valign = "top"|1) Maximum Latency Tolerated Jitter 2) Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate 3) Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate 4) Traffic Priority 5)Request/Transmission Policy 6) Unsolicited Grant Interval
|-
|}

'''WiMAX Network Reference Model'''

'''Access Service network(ASN)''': The ASN coordinates traffic across multiple Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and supports security, handoffs and Quality of Service (QoS).
* The ASN interfaces the BTS and the all-IP core network—the CSN. Typically the ASN includes numerous BTSs with one or more ASN gateways.
* The ASN manages radio resources, MS access, mobility, security and QoS. It acts as a relay for the CSN for IP address allocation and AAA functions.

[[Image:ASN.jpg|center|1500 px|thumbnail|'''WiMAX Network Reference Model ''']]

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="78% " align="center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Interface'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Description'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Functionality'''
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R1'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the ASN
|align = "justify"|Air interface
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R2'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the MS and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA (Authentication, Authorization, & Accounting ), IP host configuration, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R3'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASN and the CSN
|align = "justify"|AAA, policy enforcement, mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R4'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the ASNs
|align = "justify"|Mobility management
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R5'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the CSNs
|align = "justify"|Internetworking,roaming
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R6'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between BTS and ASN gateways
|align = "justify"|IP tunnel management to establish and release MS connection
|-
|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''R8'''
|align = "justify"|Interface between the BTSs
|align = "justify"|Handoffs
|-
|}

'''ASN Gateway functions'''
* Service Flow Authorization
* Authentication and key distribution
* Session/Context maintenance
* Handover co-ordination & Mobility management
* Paging control
* Accounting client
* DHCP proxy/relay
* MIP client/FA
* Data-path management and (re)-anchoring
* Policy Enforcement
* Multiple BS, ASN, CSN configurations

===Companies===
*[[List of companies]]

===Products===
Table below shows some of the products using WiMAX technology.
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.intel.com/network/connectivity/products/wireless/IntelWiMAXConnection2250.pdf Intel]
|align = "center"|System on Chip (SoC)
|align = "center"|WiMAX Connection 2250
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.redlinecommunications.com/products/RedMAX_SUI.html Redline Communication]
|align = "center"|Subscriber station
|align = "center"|RedMAX™ Indoor Subscriber Unit (SU-I)
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.airspan.com/products_wimax_hipermax.aspx Airspan]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|HiperMAX
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tech2.com/media/images/img_1809_samsung-sph-p9000-mobile-wimax_450x360.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tech2.com/india/news/smart-mobile-phones/samsung-unveils-wimaxready-p9000/2710/0&h=337&w=450&sz=89&hl=en&st Samsung]
|align = "center"|WiMAX mobile phone
|align = "center"|Samsung SPH-P9000 Cellphone
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.navini.com/Website/Content/Products/Ripwave_MX_2.3GHz.htm Navini networks]
|align = "center"|Antenna system
|align = "center"|Ripwave™ MX 2.3GHz
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document2_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

'''Sample analysis'''
* [[Media:wimax_upload.xls| Mobile WiMAX spreadsheet]]

'''Conferences'''
* [http://usa.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX world conference - 2008 in USA.]

* [http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2007/09/18/idf_wimax_laptops/ Big-name vendors lined up to offer WiMAX laptops]

* [http://www.dailywireless.org/2006/05/30/mobile-wimax-the-attack-plan/ Mobile WiMAX: The Attack Plan]

* [http://www.wimaxstrategies2007.com/ WiMAX Strategies 2007]

* [http://www.gsm-3gworldseries.com/newt/l/gsm/events/meg GSM>3G ME - The Leading Middle Eastern Communications Event - Dubai, UAE]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/2007_events/world_forum WiMAX 2007]

* [http://www.ispcon.com/fall2007.php ISPCON fall - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-mea.com/ IPTV world forum - 2007 Middle East & Africa]

* [http://www.mobilenetx.com/index.shtml Mobile Internet World conference - 2007]

* [http://www.parksassociates.com/events/europe/home.htm Strategies for digital living markets - 2007 (Connections - Europe )]

* [http://www.iptv-asia.net/ IPTV Asia - 2007]

* [http://www.iptv-latinamerica.com/ IPTV World Forum Latin America 08]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/is14gen.htm WCA International Symposium & Business Expo]

* [http://www.iptv-forum.com/ IPTV World Forum 08]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/asia/ WiMAX Forum Congress Asia - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/europe WiMAX Forum Global Congress - 2008]

* [http://www.wimax-vision.com/newt/l/wimaxvision/events/usa WiMAX Forum Congress Americas - 2008]

* [http://www.wcai.com/event/08/08gen.htm WCA - 2008 Capitalizing on the 4G/WiMAX Eco-System]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/WBF2007_workshop_PF1.htm The Professionals Meridian Conferences]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/71883.html 'Broadband & Beyond' conference highlights WiMAX technology]

* [http://www.edn-europe.com/amsterdamconferenceaddresseswimaxtrendsandissues+article+1641+Europe.html Amsterdam conference addresses WiMAX trends and issues]

* [http://www.iec.org/events/2007/bbwf/conference/b4.html WiMAX — Financial, Services, Technology Trends for Service Providers]

* [http://wimaxshowcase.tca.org.tw/ 2007 WiMAX Forum Taipei Conference]

* [http://www.at4wireless.com/wimax_plugfest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest 4th MOBILE WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://sabb2007.tninternational.com/program.html The 1st South Asia Broadband Communications Congress & Expo]

* [http://www.tfci.com/cni/tema.htm India – Hub for Telecom Manufacturing & Exports]

* [http://www.assocham.org/ ASSOCHAM Frost & Sullivan International Conference on Broadband 2007]

* [http://www.communicasia.com/ CommunicAsia 2007]

* [http://europe.wimaxworld.com/ WiMAX World Europe 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 3rd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.convergenceindia.org/ 15th Convergence India 2007]

* [http://www.wimaxforum.org/home/ 2nd Mobile WiMAX Forum PlugFest]

* [http://www.indiatelecom.org/ India Telecom 2007]

* [http://www.meridianconferences.com/ WiMAX Focus]

'''WiMAX deals'''

* [http://www.australianit.news.com.au/story/0,24897,22490539-15321,00.html Intel wins Nokia mobile WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.usatoday.com/tech/wireless/2007-08-27-spring-samsung-new-york_N.htm Samsung, Sprint in WiMAX deal for NYC]

* [http://seekingalpha.com/article/41543-clearwire-sprint-near-WiMAX-deal-wsj Clearwire, Sprint Near WiMAX Deal -- WSJ]

* [http://telephonyonline.com/ctia/news/motorola_WiMAX_bts_032907/ CTIA: Moto wins ninth WiMAX deal; launches new BTS]

* [http://www.arnnet.com.au/index.php/id;505799818;fp;2;fpid;1 UK's picoChip wins WiMAX deal with China's ICT]

* [http://www.cbronline.com/article_news.asp?guid=B8A941BD-1F01-485C-9288-4F3DD5E88BC3 Motorola has secured two contracts to build WiMAX networks in Taipei, Taiwan.]

* [http://www.networksystemsdesignline.com/news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=199701426 Intel mum on WiMAX deal in central China]

* [http://www.networkworld.com/news/2007/051807-nortel-toshiba.html Nortel, Toshiba in WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.redherring.com/Home/20590 Sprint, Nokia Ink WiMAX Deal]

* [http://www.ameinfo.com/130621.html Airspan, Umniah WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.zyxel.com/web/news_news.php?sqno=463 ZyXEL and Sprint sign deal for WiMAX customer premise equipment]

* [http://www.bbwexchange.com/pubs/2006/07/07/page1397-170032.asp Intel Makes Largest Investment Ever in WiMAX Deal with Clearwire and Motorola]

* [http://www.reuters.com/article/technology-media-telco-SP/idUSL0521971220070405 Pipex pens WiMAX deal with Nokia Siemens Networks]

* [http://www.wirelessweek.com/article.aspx?id=146753 Nortel Scores WiMAX Deal in U.S.]

* [http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20070831a2.html DoCoMo, Acca ready WiMAX deal]

* [http://www.webmasterworld.com/forum10/11658.htm AOL and Clearwire Seal WiMAX Deal]

* [http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-5862948/Nera-wins-Africa-WiMAX-deal.html Nera wins Africa WiMAX deal.]

==WiBro==
WiBro is an acronym for wireless broadband and is actually a term that is in the process of being phased out in favor of the more collaborative and generic Mobile WiMAX.
* Korean standards makers early on adopted the term to describe their initiatives towards adopting a version of the 802.16e standard.
* Basically, the Korean standard chose to accept a specific mobile WiMAX iteration of 802.16e, rather than any future version that included backwards compatibility to fixed wireless 802.16 systems.
* Korea enjoys probably the most extensive 3G deployments in the world already, and its fixed broadband access per capita is the highest in the world. What it needed was an improved mobile broadband. In fact, the Korean government issued the first three deployment licenses for WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in January of 2005.
* WiBro/Mobile WiMAX in many respects is driving the mobile side of WiMAX at least from the point of view of vendors eager to provide products to these early deployments. This decision however, results in a backwards compatibility problem with Fixed WiMAX standards or 802.16-2004.
* The smooth interoperability of previous WiBro gear from Samsung with other vendors such as Motorola should be cemented this year as these two companies along with Intel have been chosen as the primary vendor for Sprint Nextel’s WiMAX deployment. The two companies clearly have a powerful incentive for their products to work seamlessly.

===Standards===
* WiBro is an integral part of IEEE 802.16e

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting WiBro technology]]
'''Industry news:'''
* South Korean telco SK Telecom and Wavesat, a Canadian developer of a WiMAX chipset, software and development platform have signed an agreement to cooperate in the development of WiBro/OFDMA technology for next generation mobile devices.
* Wavesat will work with SK Telecom (SKT) to develop WiBro/OFDMA systems-on-chips (SoCs), system tools and a development kit based on the WiBro 802.16e S-OFDMA profile. The U-mobile product portfolio from Wavesat will allow WiMAX wireless system providers (OEMs/ODMs) worldwide to develop and deploy fully mobile WiMAX and WiBro solutions.[http://www.digitalmediaasia.com/default.asp?ArticleID=12523 Source]

===Products Overview===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Product'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#99CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center" rowspan = "4"|Samsung
|align = "center" rowspan = "3"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Jan2006/2427.htm M8000 WiBro handset ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_01.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://uk.gizmodo.com/2005/12/28/samsungs_super_wibro_phone.html Super WiBro Phone ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_02.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://aving.net/usa/news/default.asp?mode=read&c_num=28705&c_code=02&sp_code=0&btb_num=2747 WiBro-enabled notebook pc]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_03.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Access control Router
|align = "center"|[http://www.etopiamedia.net/ybw/pages/ybw2-5551212.html Access control Router]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_04.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|Kisan Telecom
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|[http://www.kisantel.co.kr/eng/products/sub02.asp WiBro Repeater]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_05.jpg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|i-River
|align = "center"|Mobile Station
|align = "center"|[http://www.mobilecomms-technology.com/projects/kt-corp/kt-corp2.html G10 games console]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_06.jpg]]

|-
|align = "center"|Korea Telekom
|align = "center"|USB modem
|align = "center"|[http://www.kt.co.kr/eng/New/pr_news_kt_view.jsp iPlug Premium ]
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:Document5_07.jpg]]

|-
|}

==3GPP Long Term Evolution==
3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the name given to a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project to improve the UMTS mobile phone standard to cope with future requirements.

* LTE focus is on Enhancement of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and Optimisation of the UTRAN architecture.
* Downlink based on OFDMA (OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity, etc)
* Uplink based on SC-FDMA (single carrier) (SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices- more considerations on battery power)

===Standards===
* Download rates of 100 Mbit/s, and upload rates of 50 Mbit/s for every 20 MHz of spectrum
* At least 200 active users in every 5 MHz cell. (ie 200 active phone calls)
* Sub-5ms latency for small IP packets
* Increased spectrum flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1.25 MHz (and as large as 20 MHz) supported (W-CDMA requires 5 MHz slices, leading to some problems with roll-outs of the technology in countries where 5 MHz is a commonly allocated amount of spectrum, and is frequently already in use with legacy standards such as 2G GSM and cdmaOne.) Limiting sizes to 5 MHz also limited the amount of bandwidth per handset
* Optimal cell size of 5 km, 30 km sizes with reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance
* Co-existence with legacy standards (users can transparently start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS)

[[Image:3GPP LTE protocol stack.jpg|center|900 px|thumbnail| '''3GPP LTE protocol stack''']]

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP technology]]

===Products===
{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www2.rohde-schwarz.com/en/products/test_and_measurement/product_categories/spectrum_analysis/top_class/FSQ.html Rohde & Schwarz]
|align = "center"|Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"|FSQ Signal Analyzer
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://bul.ece.ubc.ca/Behrouz Pourseyed_UBC_IEEE_PDF.pdf Sierra Wireless]
|align = "center"|PC cards
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Test Systems
|align = "center"|MX785201A test systems
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.anritsu.co.uk/news/default.php?id=619 Anritsu Company]
|align = "center"|MD8480C signaling tester
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/Picocell.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/April2004/7001.htm&h=248&w=405&sz=34&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=lSbNTfdqb4fDhM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3D3GPP%2B%252B%2Bsyste Picochip]
|align = "center"|Bse station
|align = "center"|Base station damo
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP_LTE_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==HSOPA==
High Speed OFDM Packet Access (HSOPA) is a proposed part of 3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for UMTS systems. HSOPA is also often referred to as Super 3G. If adopted, HSOPA succeeds HSDPA and HSUPA technologies specified in 3GPP releases 5 and 6. Unlike HSDPA or HSUPA, HSOPA is an entirely new air interface system, unrelated to and incompatible with W-CDMA.
Features of HSOPA

===Standards===
* Flexible bandwidth usage with 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz bandwidths. By comparison, W-CDMA uses fixed size 5 MHz chunks of spectrum.
* Increased spectral efficiency at 2-4 times more than in 3GPP release 6, peak transfer rates of 100 Mbit/s for downlink and 50 Mbit/s for uplink.
* Latency times of around 20 ms for round trip time from user terminal to RAN, approximately the same as a combined HSDPA/HSUPA system, but much better than "classic" W-CDMA.

'''Design'''

HSOPA uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology to support up to 10 times as many users as W-CDMA based systems, with lower processing power required on each handset.[1]. Still in development, experimental performance is 37 Mbit/s in the downlink over a 5 MHz channel, close to the theoretical maximum of 40 Mbit/s.

===Companies===

* [[List of companies supporting HSOPA technology]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3627.htm Orange]
|align = "center"|PC crad
|align = "center"|PC card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3613.htm Samsung]
|align = "center" rowspan = "2"|Mobile
|align = "center"|SGH-Z620
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2007/5209.htm T - mobile]
|align = "center"|MDA Vario III
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Sept2006/3586.htm Sarian]
|align = "center"|Router
|align = "center"|HR4110 HSDPA router
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_04.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/August2006/3458.htm Centro technologies]
|align = "center"|RF HSDPA Test Cases
|align = "center"|MINT T1152-HSDPA
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:HSOPA_05.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|}

==3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband==
UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) is the brand name for the project within 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements.The system employs OFDMA technology along with advanced antenna techniques to provide peak rates of up to 280 Mbit/s.

Goals for UMB:
* Improving system capacity
* Greatly increasing user data rates throughout the cell
* Lowering costs
* Enhancing existing services
* Making possible new applications, and
* Making use of new spectrum opportunities.

The technology will provide users with concurrent IP-based services in a full mobility environment. The UMB standardization is expected to be completed in mid 2007, with commercialization taking place around mid-2009.

===Standards===
* OFDMA-based air interface
* Frequency Division Duplex
* Scalable bandwidth between 1.25-20 MHz (OFDMA systems are especially well suited for wider bandwidths larger than 5 MHz)
* Supports mixed cell sizes, e.g., macro-cellular, micro-cellular & pico-cellular.
* IP network architecture
* Supports flat, centralized and mixed topologies
* Data speeds over 275 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadband Source]

[http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/Misc/AboutHome.cfm More infromation]

'''Key features'''
* Multiple radio and advanced antenna techniques
*# Sophisticated control and signaling mechanisms (minimized) combine the best aspects of CDMA, TDM, OFDM, and OFDMA into a single air interface
*# Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
*# Improved interference management techniques
* Ultra-high mobile broadband peak data rates
*# Up to 280Mbps peak data rate on forward link
*# Up to 68Mbps peak data rate on reverse link
* Ultra-low network latency
*# An average of 16.8 msec (32-byte, RTT) end-to-end network latency
* Enhanced VoIP capacity and user experience
*# Up to 500 simultaneous VoIP users (10 MHz FDD allocations)
* Scalable IP-based flat or hierarchical architecture
*# Greater service deployment flexibility, improved performance, and lower cost of ownership
* Flexible spectrum allocations
*# Scalable, non-contiguous and dynamic channel (bandwidth) allocations
*# Support for bandwidth allocations of 1.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz
* Less power consumption
*# Improved battery life

[http://www.cdg.org/technology/3g_umb.asp Source]

===Companies===
* [[List of companies supporting 3GPP2 UMB technology ]]

===Products===

{|border="2" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="4" width="75%" align = "center"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" colspan = "2"|'''Products'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF" rowspan = "2"|'''Image'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Main category'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#00CCFF"|'''Sub category'''
|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/oqo02-thumb.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.mobilewhack.com/portable_devices/ultra_mobile_pcs/%3Fstart%3D25&h=259&w=250&sz=10&hl=en&start=15&um=1&tbnid=iPw46oQ3TpV5tM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=108&prev=/im OQO Inc]
|align = "center"|Ultra mobile PC
|align = "center"|OQO Model 2 ultra mobile
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_01.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/im.php/width/640/im/3637_7_3_Mobile_Mobile_Broadband_USB.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/index.php/pid%3B3637%3Btaxid%3B2136213053%3Bpt%3B1&h=426&w=640&sz=11&hl=en&start=13 3 Mobile]
|align = "center"|Broad band USB
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband USB modem
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_02.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.geekzone.co.nz/content.asp?contentid=6598 Sprint]
|align = "center"|Mobile Broadband Card
|align = "center"|EV-DO card
|align = "center"| 
[[Image:3GPP2_UMB_03.jpeg|125 px]]

|-
|align = "center"|[http://www.caviumnetworks.com/newsevents_caviumnetworks_Qualcomm.html Qualcomm]
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|Base station
|align = "center"|N/A
|-
|}

==Process Chart==

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File:ProcessChart.jpg

2010-06-24T19:04:10Z

Charanjeet.singh@dolcera.com: