Difference between revisions of "Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)"

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== Sample Analysis ==
 
== Sample Analysis ==
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* Below is the link for sample spreadsheet analysis for Carbon nanotubes.
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[[Media:Sample taxomomy for carbon nano tubes.xls|Sample analysis on carbon nanotubes]]
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== Dashboard ==
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=== Dashboard Snapshots ===
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[[Image:dashboard1.jpg|center|800px]]
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[[Image:dashboard2.jpg|center|800px]]
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[[Image:dashboard3.jpg|center|800px]]
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=== Link to Dashboard ===
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[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=274 Dashboard for CNTs]
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== Carbon nanotube in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps (IPC H01J) ==
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=== IP Map ===
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[[Image:Discharge lamps.jpg|500px|center|thumb|Map for electron emitter devices]]
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=== IP Activity on carbon nanotubes in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps ===
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[[Image:report6.jpg|500 px|center|thumb|IP activity by year]]
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[[Image:report5.jpg|500 px|center|thumb|Top Assignee]]
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=== Analysis ===
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{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''S.no'''
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent/Publication No.'''
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignee / Applicant'''
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Title'''
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Description of the device'''
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Use of CNT in it'''
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Technology Area'''
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|1
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|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7336028.PN.&OS=PN/7336028&RS=PN/7336028 US7336028B2]
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|align = "justify"|Samsung SDI Co., Ltd.
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|align = "justify"|Electron emission device having multi-layered gate electrode structure
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|align = "justify"|A multilayered electron emission device is described with a predetermined gap between the electrodes.
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|align = "justify"|Electron emission sources can be made up of CNTs.
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|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|2
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|align = "justify"|US7315129B2
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|align = "justify"|Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
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|align = "justify"|Plasma producing apparatus and doping apparatus
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|align = "justify"|A plasma chamber anad plasma appratus is described with two electrodes and sustrate and CNTs.
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|align = "justify"|CNTs are on the surface of the cathode electrode.
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|align = "justify"|Plasma Appratus
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|3
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|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7307432.PN.&OS=PN/7307432&RS=PN/7307432 US7307432B2]
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|align = "justify"|Yokogawa Electric Corporation
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|align = "justify"|Electron beam generating apparatus and optical sampling apparatus using the same
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|align = "justify"|Optical sampling appratus with electrodes with deflection electrode and charge detection section.
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|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
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|align = "justify"|Optical sampling appratus.
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|4
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|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7306503.PN.&OS=PN/7306503&RS=PN/7306503 US7306503B2]
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|align = "justify"|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
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|align = "justify"|Method and apparatus of fixing carbon fibers on a substrate using an aerosol deposition process
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|align = "justify"|Appratus for manufacturing substate with carbon nanotubes in it.
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|align = "justify"|Arc dischage method is involved for producing CNTs and hence  forming it on substrate.
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|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|5
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|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7259510.PN.&OS=PN/7259510&RS=PN/7259510 US7259510B1]
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|align = "justify"|Agere Systems Inc.
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|align = "justify"|On-chip vacuum tube device and process for making device
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|align = "justify"|Microwave vacuum tube is described with electrodes and CNTs.
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|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
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|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|6
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|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7232987.PN.&OS=PN/7232987&RS=PN/7232987 US7232987B2]
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|align = "justify"|None
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|align = "justify"|Instrument and method to measure available light energy for photosynthesis
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|align = "justify"|A device to calculate and filter amout of light required and available for photosynthesis of plants.
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|align = "justify"|Photovoltaic material is made up of carbon nanotubes.
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|align = "justify"|Optical Instrument
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|7
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|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7161148.PN.&OS=PN/7161148&RS=PN/7161148 US7161148B1]
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|align = "justify"|Crystals and Technologies, Ltd.
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|align = "justify"|Tip structures, devices on their basis, and methods for their preparation
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|align = "justify"| A tip structure for an electron emissive device or a scanning probe device is described.
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|align = "justify"|At least one link of the tip structure is made up of Carbon naotubes.
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|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|8
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|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7175494.PN.&OS=PN/7175494&RS=PN/7175494 US7175494B1]
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|align = "justify"|cDream Corporation
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|align = "justify"|Forming carbon nanotubes at lower temperatures suitable for an electron-emitting device
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|align = "justify"|An electron emission device is described comprising of carbon nanotubes.
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|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotubes are manufactured at 300° C. to 500° C which makes them compatible with the thermal stress of the underlying substrate.
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|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|9
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|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7161286.PN.&OS=PN/7161286&RS=PN/7161286 US7161286B2]
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|align = "justify"|Tsinghua University <nowiki>|</nowiki> Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd.
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|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotube array and method for making same
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|align = "justify"|A carbon nanotube-based device is described which includes a substrate and number of catalytic nano-sized particles.
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|align = "justify"|Carbon nanotubes are manufactured on the substrate.
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|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|10
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|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7145528.PN.&OS=PN/7145528&RS=PN/7145528 US7145528B2]
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|align = "justify"|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
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|align = "justify"|Display device and driving and controlling method therefor
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|align = "justify"|A display device with display panel is described and use of electron emitters.
 +
|align = "justify"|Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes.
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|align = "justify"|Electron emission device
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|-
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|align = "justify" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|11
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|align = "justify"|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=7115863.PN.&OS=PN/7115863&RS=PN/7115863 US7115863B1]
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|align = "justify"|Hitachi, Ltd.
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|align = "justify"|Probe for scanning probe lithography and making method thereof
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|align = "justify"|A probe of scanning probe lithography is described
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|align = "justify"|Shaft of the probe is made up of Carbon nanaotubes.
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|align = "justify"|Manufacturing and Processing of CNT<nowiki>’</nowiki>s
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|-
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|}
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[[Media:Analysis_electrical.xls|Sample Analysis on use of Carbon nanotubes in Electrical devices ]]
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[[Image:Analysis1.jpg|600px|center|thumb|Sample Analysis for discharge tubes and discharge lamps patents(30 patents)]]
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== Key Players ==
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=== Universities ===

Revision as of 03:05, 4 April 2008

Introduction

Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale, normally 1 to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of devices with critical dimensions that lie within that size range.

Run of Nanotechnology

  • December 29, 1959: The first thought of Nanotechnology was given by Richard Feynman in "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech.
  • September, 1981: First technical paper published on molecular nanotechnology. The same year scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented.
  • 1982-1990:Books and prizes on nanotechnology. Atomic force microscope invented in 1986.
  • 1991: Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) discovered.
  • 1997: First company on nanotechnology founded, it's name is Zyvex.
  • 1998-2007: Research, investment, conferences and meetings on nanotechnology.

Applications of Nanotechnology

It has or will have applications in almost all areas we can think of.

Applications in nanotechnology

Source link

  • Aerospace
  • Medicine
  • Identifying location of cancers cells. [1]
  • Delivering chemotherapy drugs directly to cancer cells.[2]
  • Nanoshells that concentrate the heat from infrared light to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells. [3]
  • Nanotubes used in broken bones to provide a structure for new bone material to grow.[4]
  • Nanoparticles that can attach to cells infected with various diseases and allow a lab to identify, in a blood sample, the particular disease.[5]
  • Food Storage
  • Clay nanocomposites are being used to provide an impermeable barrier to gasses such as oxygen or carbon dioxide in lightweight bottles, cartons and packaging films.
  • Food storage bins are being produced with silver nanoparticles embedded in the plastic. The silver nanoparticles kill bacteria from any food that was previously stored in the bins, minimizing health risks from harmful bacteria.[6]
  • It is possible to use nanosensors in plastic packaging to detect gases given off by food when it spoils. The packaging itself changes color to alert you to food gone bad.
  • Agriculture
  • Food will be more tastier and healthier using nanaotechnology.[7]
  • Research is also being conducted to develop nanocapsules containing nutrients that would be released when nanosensors detect a vitamin deficiency in your body.
  • Researchers are also working on pesticides encapsulated in nanoparticles; that only release pesticide within an insect’s stomach, minimizing the contamination of plants themselves.
  • Another development being persued is a network of nanosensors and dispensers used throughout a food crop. The sensors recognize when a plant needs nutrients or water, before there is any sign that the plant is deficient. The dispensers then release fertilizer, nutrients, or water as needed, optimizing the growth of each plant in the field one by one.
  • Chemistry
  • Nanoparticles can be used as catalyst for chemical reactions.
  • Nanotechnology can enable sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical vapors.[8]
  • ZnO nanowires may lead to better chemical sensors, high-speed electronics.[9]
  • Palladium nanoparticle hydrogen sensor.[10]
  • Semiconductor devices
  • Optics
  • The first sunglasses using protective and antireflective ultrathin polymer coatings are on the market.
  • Nanotechnology also offers scratch resistant surface coatings based on nanocomposites.
  • Nano-optics could allow for an increase in precision of pupil repair and other types of laser eye surgery.
  • Textile
  • The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free.
  • Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures.
  • Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full-surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer.
  • Consumer products
  • Nanotechnology is now entered in almost all consumer products,for details see [11]
Number of products launched products launched vs categories

Source link

Carbon Nanotubes

3D model of three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Carbon Nanotubes (CNT's) are cylindrical shaped allotrope of carbon with length to diameter ratio exceeding 1,000,000.

Such cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science. They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of heat.

Types

Vectors representing orientation of three types of Single-walled CNT's
A Double-walled CNT formed by multiple Single-walled CNTs
  1. Single-walled CNT's: This type of nanotube can be formed by rolling Graphene sheet. Graphene is a single planar sheet of sp²-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. Types of Single-walled CNT's:
    • Zig-zag(n,0)
    • Armchair(n,n)
    • Chiral(2n,n)
  2. Multi-walled: Multi-walled nanotubes(MWNT) consist of multiple layers of graphite rolled in on themselves to form a tube shape.
  3. Fullerite: Fullerites are the solid-state manifestation of fullerenes and related compounds and materials. Being highly incompressible nanotube forms, polymerized single-walled nanotubes (P-SWNT) are a class of fullerites and are comparable to diamond in terms of hardness.
  4. Torus: A nanotorus is a theoretically described carbon nanotube bent into a torus (doughnut shape).
  5. Nanobud: The material fullerene-like "buds" are covalently bonded to the outer sidewalls of the underlying carbon nanotube. This hybrid material has useful properties of both fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.

Properties

  • Physical Properties
Material Youngs modulus (GPa) Tensile Strength (GPa) Density (g/cm3)
Single wall nanotube 1054 150 N/A
Multi wall nanotube 1200 150 2.6
Steel 208 0.4 7.8
Epoxy 3.5 0.005 1.25
Wood 16 0.008 0.6

Source link

  • Electrical Properties: Because of the symmetry and unique electronic structure of graphene, the structure of a nanotube strongly affects its electrical properties. For a given (n,m) nanotube, if n − m is a multiple of 3, then the nanotube is metallic, otherwise the nanotube is a semiconductor. Thus all armchair (n=m) nanotubes are metallic, and nanotubes (5,0), (6,4), (9,1), etc. are semiconducting. In theory, metallic nanotubes can have an electrical current density more than 1,000 times greater than metals such as silver and copper.

Method of fabrication

  • Arc discharge: It is the simplest and most commonly used method of producing Carbon nanotubes. This method creates CNTs through arc-vaporization of two carbon rods placed end to end, separated by approximately 1mm, in an enclosure that is usually filled with inert gas (helium, argon) at low pressure (between 50 and 700 mbar).
  • Laser ablation: In 1996, a dual-pulsed laser vaporization technique was developed, which produced SWNTs in gram quantities and yields of >70wt% purity. Samples were prepared by laser vaporization of graphite rods with a 50:50 catalyst mixture of Co and Ni (particle size ~1um) at 1200oC in flowing argon, followed by heat treatment in a vacuum at 1000oC to remove the C60 and other fullerenes.
  • Chemical vapor deposition (CVD):Large amounts of CNTs can be formed by catalytic CVD of acetylene over Co and Fe catalysts supported on silica or zeolite.

Application of Carbon nanotubes

  • Polymer Composites: The first realized major commercial application of MWNTs is their use as electrically conducting components in polymer composites.Depending on the polymer matrix, conductivities of 0.01 to 0.1 S/cm can be obtained for 5% loading; much lower conductivity levels suffice for dissipating electrostatic charge. The low loading levels and the nanofiber morphology of the MWNTs allow electronic conductivity to be achieved while avoiding or minimizing degradation of other performance aspects, such as mechanical properties and the low melt flow viscosity needed for thin-wall molding applications.
  • Electrochemical devices: Because of the high electrochemically accessible surface area of porous nanotube arrays, combined with their high electronic conductivity and useful mechanical properties, these materials are attractive as electrodes for devices that use electrochemical double-layer charge injection.
  • Hydrogen storage: Nanotubes have been long heralded as potentially useful for hydrogen storage (for example, for fuel cells that power electric vehicles or laptop computers).
  • Field emission devices: Industrial and academic research activity on electronic devices has focused principally on using SWNTs and MWNTs as field emission electron sources for flat panel displays, lamps, gas discharge tubes providing surge protection, and x-ray and microwave generators.
  • Nanometer-sized electronic devices:
  • Sensors and probes: Possible chemical sensor applications of nonmetallic nanotubes are interesting, because nanotube electronic transport and thermopower (voltages between junctions caused by interjunction temperature differences) are very sensitive to substances that affect the amount of injected charge.The main advantages are the minute size of the nanotube sensing element and the correspondingly small amount of material required for a response.

Source link

Map categorization for CNT

Top ongoing projects on CNT's

  • The Ajayan group is using carbon nanotubes as templates and molds for fabricating nanowires, composites, and novel ceramic fibers.[12]
  • Dai group discovered how to grow nanotubes in specific directions and orientations on substrates using a chemical vapor deposition process.[13]
  • Smalley group is developing methods of production, purification, derivitization, analysis, and assembly of nanotubes to solve real world problems. [14]
  • Sun Research group is researching on polymeric nanocomposite materials based on carbon nanotubes and semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. [15]
  • Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Helsinki is researching on Ion irradiation as a tool for studying and modifying properties of carbon nanotubes.[16]


IP Activity on carbon nanotubes

  • Number of patents filled on nanotubes are increasing exponentially by years.
  • Last year i.e 2007, around 1450 patents are filled in this field.
IP Activity by year
  • Major IPC classes with description is given.


Top IPC


S. no. IPC Classification Description
1 H01J ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
2 C01B NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS
3 H01L SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ELECTRIC SOLID STATE DEVICES
4 B82B NANOTECHNOLOGY
5 H01M BATTERIES OR FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
6 B01J CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS, COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
7 D01F CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES, OR RIBBONS AND APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
8 G01N INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
9 B32B LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
10 C08K USE OF INORGANIC OR NON-MACROMOLECULAR ORGANIC SUBSTANCES AS COMPOUNDING INGREDIENTS


  • Hon Hai Prec Ind Co leads the number of patent filing by a great margin with their competitors.
  • Samsung Electronics and Samsung SDI Co. Ltd. together contributes 148 patents.


Top Assignee

Sample Analysis

  • Below is the link for sample spreadsheet analysis for Carbon nanotubes.

Sample analysis on carbon nanotubes

Dashboard

Dashboard Snapshots

Dashboard1.jpg


Dashboard2.jpg


Dashboard3.jpg

Link to Dashboard

Dashboard for CNTs

Carbon nanotube in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps (IPC H01J)

IP Map

Map for electron emitter devices

IP Activity on carbon nanotubes in Electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps

IP activity by year
Top Assignee

Analysis

S.no Patent/Publication No. Assignee / Applicant Title Description of the device Use of CNT in it Technology Area
1 US7336028B2 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Electron emission device having multi-layered gate electrode structure A multilayered electron emission device is described with a predetermined gap between the electrodes. Electron emission sources can be made up of CNTs. Electron emission device
2 US7315129B2 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Plasma producing apparatus and doping apparatus A plasma chamber anad plasma appratus is described with two electrodes and sustrate and CNTs. CNTs are on the surface of the cathode electrode. Plasma Appratus
3 US7307432B2 Yokogawa Electric Corporation Electron beam generating apparatus and optical sampling apparatus using the same Optical sampling appratus with electrodes with deflection electrode and charge detection section. Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes. Optical sampling appratus.
4 US7306503B2 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus of fixing carbon fibers on a substrate using an aerosol deposition process Appratus for manufacturing substate with carbon nanotubes in it. Arc dischage method is involved for producing CNTs and hence forming it on substrate. Manufacturing and Processing of CNTs
5 US7259510B1 Agere Systems Inc. On-chip vacuum tube device and process for making device Microwave vacuum tube is described with electrodes and CNTs. Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes. Electron emission device
6 US7232987B2 None Instrument and method to measure available light energy for photosynthesis A device to calculate and filter amout of light required and available for photosynthesis of plants. Photovoltaic material is made up of carbon nanotubes. Optical Instrument
7 US7161148B1 Crystals and Technologies, Ltd. Tip structures, devices on their basis, and methods for their preparation A tip structure for an electron emissive device or a scanning probe device is described. At least one link of the tip structure is made up of Carbon naotubes. Electron emission device
8 US7175494B1 cDream Corporation Forming carbon nanotubes at lower temperatures suitable for an electron-emitting device An electron emission device is described comprising of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are manufactured at 300° C. to 500° C which makes them compatible with the thermal stress of the underlying substrate. Electron emission device
9 US7161286B2 Tsinghua University | Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Carbon nanotube array and method for making same A carbon nanotube-based device is described which includes a substrate and number of catalytic nano-sized particles. Carbon nanotubes are manufactured on the substrate. Manufacturing and Processing of CNTs
10 US7145528B2 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Display device and driving and controlling method therefor A display device with display panel is described and use of electron emitters. Cathode is comprising of carbon nanotubes. Electron emission device
11 US7115863B1 Hitachi, Ltd. Probe for scanning probe lithography and making method thereof A probe of scanning probe lithography is described Shaft of the probe is made up of Carbon nanaotubes. Manufacturing and Processing of CNTs


Sample Analysis on use of Carbon nanotubes in Electrical devices


Sample Analysis for discharge tubes and discharge lamps patents(30 patents)

Key Players

Universities