DolceraWiki - User contributions [en]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T13:05:12Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Overview */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard'''] for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
Pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA, self adhesive, self stick adhesive) is adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied to marry the adhesive with the adherend. No solvent, water, or heat is needed to activate the adhesive. It is used in pressure sensitive tapes, labels, note pads, automobile trim, and a wide variety of other products.

As the name "pressure sensitive" indicates, the degree of bond is influenced by the amount of pressure which is used to apply the adhesive to the surface.

Surface factors such as smoothness, surface energy, removal of contaminants, etc. are also important to proper bonding.

PSAs are usually designed to form a bond and hold properly at room temperatures. PSAs typically reduce or lose their tack at cold temperatures and reduce their shear holding ability at high temperatures: Specialty adhesives are made to function at high or low temperatures. It is important to choose an adhesive formulation which is designed for its intended use conditions.

===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK [[image:players_logo.jpg|right|500 px]]
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===IP Activity===
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Major Competitors===
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Key findings==
* In the medical field, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used for many different applications in the hospital and health areas and also they can be used to adhere two surfaces together such as the flaps of packing material or fabric to a surface
* In many commercial applications of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it would be preferred to use an acrylate polymer or copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 2.5 dl/g
* Ideally, a process for producing an acrylate-based polymer for a pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a means for controlling both molecular weight, i.e., intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight distribution.
* Pressure-sensitive adhesives require a delicate balance of viscous and elastic properties that result in a four-fold balance of adhesion, cohesion, stretchiness and elasticity. Pressure-sensitive adhesives generally comprise elastomers that are either inherently tacky, or elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers that are tackified with the addition of tackifying resins.

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:57:29Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Market Information */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard'''] for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK [[image:players_logo.jpg|right|500 px]]
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===IP Activity===
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Major Competitors===
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Key findings==
* In the medical field, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used for many different applications in the hospital and health areas and also they can be used to adhere two surfaces together such as the flaps of packing material or fabric to a surface
* In many commercial applications of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it would be preferred to use an acrylate polymer or copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 2.5 dl/g
* Ideally, a process for producing an acrylate-based polymer for a pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a means for controlling both molecular weight, i.e., intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight distribution.
* Pressure-sensitive adhesives require a delicate balance of viscous and elastic properties that result in a four-fold balance of adhesion, cohesion, stretchiness and elasticity. Pressure-sensitive adhesives generally comprise elastomers that are either inherently tacky, or elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers that are tackified with the addition of tackifying resins.

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:57:15Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Market Information */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard'''] for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel [[image:players_logo.jpg|right|500 px]]
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===IP Activity===
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Major Competitors===
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Key findings==
* In the medical field, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used for many different applications in the hospital and health areas and also they can be used to adhere two surfaces together such as the flaps of packing material or fabric to a surface
* In many commercial applications of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it would be preferred to use an acrylate polymer or copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 2.5 dl/g
* Ideally, a process for producing an acrylate-based polymer for a pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a means for controlling both molecular weight, i.e., intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight distribution.
* Pressure-sensitive adhesives require a delicate balance of viscous and elastic properties that result in a four-fold balance of adhesion, cohesion, stretchiness and elasticity. Pressure-sensitive adhesives generally comprise elastomers that are either inherently tacky, or elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers that are tackified with the addition of tackifying resins.

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

File:Players logo.jpg

2008-03-06T12:56:52Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:56:41Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Market Information */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard'''] for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
[[image:players_logo.jpg|right|300 px]]
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===IP Activity===
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Major Competitors===
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Key findings==
* In the medical field, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used for many different applications in the hospital and health areas and also they can be used to adhere two surfaces together such as the flaps of packing material or fabric to a surface
* In many commercial applications of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it would be preferred to use an acrylate polymer or copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 2.5 dl/g
* Ideally, a process for producing an acrylate-based polymer for a pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a means for controlling both molecular weight, i.e., intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight distribution.
* Pressure-sensitive adhesives require a delicate balance of viscous and elastic properties that result in a four-fold balance of adhesion, cohesion, stretchiness and elasticity. Pressure-sensitive adhesives generally comprise elastomers that are either inherently tacky, or elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers that are tackified with the addition of tackifying resins.

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:49:15Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Dashboard */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard'''] for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===IP Activity===
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Major Competitors===
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Key findings==
* In the medical field, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used for many different applications in the hospital and health areas and also they can be used to adhere two surfaces together such as the flaps of packing material or fabric to a surface
* In many commercial applications of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it would be preferred to use an acrylate polymer or copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 2.5 dl/g
* Ideally, a process for producing an acrylate-based polymer for a pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a means for controlling both molecular weight, i.e., intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight distribution.
* Pressure-sensitive adhesives require a delicate balance of viscous and elastic properties that result in a four-fold balance of adhesion, cohesion, stretchiness and elasticity. Pressure-sensitive adhesives generally comprise elastomers that are either inherently tacky, or elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers that are tackified with the addition of tackifying resins.

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:46:44Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Analysis Sheet */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===IP Activity===
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Major Competitors===
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Key findings==
* In the medical field, pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used for many different applications in the hospital and health areas and also they can be used to adhere two surfaces together such as the flaps of packing material or fabric to a surface
* In many commercial applications of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it would be preferred to use an acrylate polymer or copolymer having an intrinsic viscosity of at least about 2.5 dl/g
* Ideally, a process for producing an acrylate-based polymer for a pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a means for controlling both molecular weight, i.e., intrinsic viscosity, and molecular weight distribution.
* Pressure-sensitive adhesives require a delicate balance of viscous and elastic properties that result in a four-fold balance of adhesion, cohesion, stretchiness and elasticity. Pressure-sensitive adhesives generally comprise elastomers that are either inherently tacky, or elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers that are tackified with the addition of tackifying resins.

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:44:48Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Dashboard */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" for Pressure Sensitive Adhesives.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===IP Activity===
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Major Competitors===
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:40:13Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Technology Tree */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" to explore its features.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===IP Activity===
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Major Competitors===
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive was initiated during 1970s, companies are continuously trying new combinations of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:30:52Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* IP Activity */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" to explore its features.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===IP Activity===
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Major Competitors===
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

File:Priority year PSA.jpg

2008-03-06T12:27:54Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:27:13Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Major Competitors */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" to explore its features.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

==IP Activity==
[[image:Priority year_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Major Competitors===
[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|600 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:21:24Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Sample Analysis Sheet */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" to explore its features.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Major Competitors===

[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|500 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:21:12Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" to explore its features.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Major Competitors===

[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|500 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

===Technology Tree===

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:20:27Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Composition components matrix */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" to explore its features.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

==Major Competitors==

[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|500 px|thunb|Competitors]]

==Composition components matrix==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

==Technology Tree==

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

File:Competitors PSA.jpg

2008-03-06T12:20:08Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:19:55Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Major Competitors */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" to explore its features.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

==Major Competitors==

[[image:competitors_PSA.jpg|center|500 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

==Technology Tree==

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:19:40Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Composition components matrix */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" to explore its features.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

==Major Competitors==

[[image:competitors.jpg|center|500 px|thunb|Competitors]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}

==Technology Tree==

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:13:22Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Dashboard */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments. Below is the snapshot of how it look like. Click on the link "Dolcera Dashboard" to explore its features.

[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:12:10Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Dashboard */

==Dashboard==
Dolcera dahsboard provides quick and easy navigation through the technology segments.
[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

File:Dashboard.jpg

2008-03-06T12:10:56Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:10:38Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Dashboard */

==Dashboard==
[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

[[image:dashboard.jpg|center|200 px]]

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

File:Sample analysis sheet.xls

2008-03-06T12:09:27Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:09:22Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Dashboard */

==Dashboard==
[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 '''Dolcera Dashboard''']

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:08:51Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

==Dashboard==
[http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfile_id=262 Dolcera Dashboard]
==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:08:22Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Technology Tree */

==Dashboard==
[[ Dolcera Dashboard]]
==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==

As it is evident from the the technology tree below, although the IP activity in the area of Pressure sensitive adhesive initiated during 1970s, companies are continuous trying new combination of different components.
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:05:50Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

==Dashboard==
[[ Dolcera Dashboard]]
==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:05:30Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Overview */

==Overview==
==Dashboard==
[[ Dolcera Dashboard]]
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

File:Technology tree.jpg

2008-03-06T12:04:06Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:03:51Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Technology Tree */

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==
[[image:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:03:41Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Technology Tree */

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==
[[Media:Technology tree.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T12:03:30Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Sample Analysis Sheet */

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Technology Tree==
[[Media:Technology tree.jpeg|center|500 px]]
==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T11:34:51Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

==Overview==
===Surface Energy===
[[Image:Surface energy.jpg|thumb|right|800|Measuring of Surface Energy]]
# Surface energy is a measure of how well an adhesive wets out over the surface of the material to which it is applied.
# The most common method of determining the surface energy is to measure the contact angle of a water droplet on the substrate surface.
# The contact angle between the solid and the fluid is the angle measured within the fluid, between the solid surface and the tangent plane to the liquid surface at the point of intersection.
# A contact angle of greater than 90° indicates that the fluid (which is ink or adhesive in this case) has not wet the surface. Conversely an angle of less than 90° means that the fluid has wet the surface - if the angle approaches zero then the surface is completely wetted by the fluid.
# The surface energy or the wetability of a particular substrate is measured in dynes/cm. [http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pcn.org/images/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pcn.org/Technical%2520Notes%2520-%2520Corona.html&h=327&w=370&sz=13&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=Nb4kgRrPYnxojM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsurface%2Benergy%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX Source]
===Low Surface Energy Substrates===
# Low energy plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and Teflon (PTFE) are essentially "non- stick" plastics.
# Their molecular structure inhibits the adhesion and printing processes - this molecular structure is basically inert or inactive – these polymers are said to have a low surface energy.
# Materials with low surface energy (LSE) do not allow adhesives to wet out, while materials with high surface energy (HSE) provide excellent wet-out, providing the best adhesion.
# Rubber-based adhesives usually provide better adhesion to LSE surfaces.
# Some substrates require special treatment such as corona treating, primers, top coating, etc., in order to achieve better adhesion.
# On some LSE substrates, adhesion levels improve the longer adhesive is applied. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

===Adhesion===
[[Image:Adhesionnew.jpg|thumb|right|800|Adhesion]]
# Adhesion is the molecular force of attraction between unlike materials.
# Adhesion and cohesion, attractive forces between material bodies. A distinction is usually made between an adhesive force, which acts to hold two separate bodies together (or to stick one body to another) and a cohesive force, which acts to hold together the like or unlike atoms, ions, or molecules of a single body.
# For example water molecules stick to each other. This is caused by hydrogen bonds that form between the slightly positive and negative ends of neighboring molecules.
# Water is found in drops; perfect spheres. It’s hard to imagine water behaving any other way due to cohesion and water molecules stick to other surfaces due to adhesion.[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/water-droplet.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/physical_properties_of_water.htm&h=168&w=238&sz=15&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=UrmkX2TGv_os2M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwater%2Badhesion%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG Source]

===Pressure Sensitive Adhesive(PSA)===
# Pressure sensitive adhesives are adhesives that adhere to a variety of substrates when applied with pressure.
# The primary mode of bonding for a pressure sensitive adhesive is not chemical or mechanical but polar attraction to the substrate surface.
# Applied pressure is necessary in order to achieve sufficient wet-out onto the substrate surface to provide adequate adhesion. [http://www.chemsultants.com/latestprods/adhesive_definitions.html Source]

[[image: Sealeant in adhesive.jpg|center|500 px]]

==Market Information==
* According to a report from the Business Communications Company, the 2001 US market for specialty adhesives was about $5.7 billion, and is forecast to grow at 4.3% per year, with medical and dental applications being the fastest-growing sector at 5.9% per year. [http://www.marketfile.com/print/paint/title5/index.htm Source]
* Frost and Sullivan report the size of the European PSA market (medical and non-medical) to be $620 million in 2000, forecast to grow to $796 million in 2007. [http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/fro/fro122.html Source]
* The world value of the overall adhesives market is estimated at US $22 billion.
* '''Total Market Expected to Grow at a CAGR of 9 Percent''': The U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics is expected to growth with a CAGR of 9 percent during the years 2006–2012. The total U.S. PSA markets for labels and narrow-web graphics unit shipments are expected to continue to growth at a CAGR of 6.6 percent due to high end-user growth. The UV technology is a new technology that have started to receive wide acceptance in the industry and that segment of the industry is a fragmented and developing segment with growth rates in double digits. While the solvent-based PSAs are expected to show decreasing growth percents, the water-based and solvent-based segments are expected to growth in the lines of the total industry. [http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/report-brochure.pag?id=F652-01-00-00-00 Source]

* According to '''World Adhesives File 2000-2005''', the leading handful of adhesives suppliers, including pressure sensitive companies, already controlled almost half the global market in 1999. Henkel leads the way with an estimated 12% global market share, which will probably increase to around 14% with the purchase of Dexter’s adhesives interests. Pressure sensitive suppliers 3M and Avery Dennison are ranked second and third, with 9% and 7% shares respectively, followed jointly by National Starch and H.B. Fuller — both at 6%. The newly enlarged Atofina and Rohm and Haas follow closely behind.” [http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=60487 Source]
* Growth of the world market averages about 2-3% per year.
* Packaging adhesives make up the majority of the market.
* The electronic and medical adhesives market is currently experiencing the most rapid growth.

* Market leaders by country are as follows:
** United States - approximately 2.6 tonnes annually
** China
** Japan
** Germany
** UK
* Market leaders by company(which account for one-third of the market share) are:
** Henkel
** 3M
** Avery Denison
** HB Fuller
** National Starch
** Atofina

==Intellectual Property==

===Patent Search Table===
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|colspan = "5"|
* Patent search on Micropat
* Databases searched: '''USG USA EPA EPB WO JP DEG DEA DET DEU GBA FRA'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query.No.'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Searched Sections'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Years Searched'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Query'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Hits'''
|-
|1
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
||(rubber OR acryl* OR silicone OR oil*1 OR resin*1 OR ethylen* OR isoprene OR terpene OR copolymer* OR vinyl* OR siloxane* ((acid OR anhydride) ADJ1 (acrylic OR crotonic OR (vinyl ADJ1 acetic) OR fumaric OR maleic OR malonic OR succinic OR itaconic OR citraconic)) OR polymer* OR styrene OR ester*) SAME (((pressure ADJ1 sensitive) NEAR2 (adhesive* OR glue OR paste OR (binding ADJ1 agent) OR (epoxy ADJ1 resin*) OR film) OR PSA OR PSAs) OR (adhesion* WITH (peel OR tensile OR shear) OR stick*) OR (radical* ADJ1 (initiator* OR maker*)))
|76006
|-
|2
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|(((low ADJ surface ADJ energy) WITH (substrate*1 OR polymer OR compound* OR material OR film)) OR (surface ADJ1 tension) OR (surface ADJ1 rough*) OR viscosity OR (oily ADJ surface) OR (low ADJ1 energy ADJ1 surface*)) AND (polyolefin*1 OR polyethylene*1 OR polypropylene*1 OR (polyvinyl ADJ1 chloride ADJ1 film) OR (oil ADJ1 contaminated ADJ1 metal) OR polybutene OR polyisoprene*1 OR (polyvinylidene ADJ1 fluoride*) OR polytetrafluoroethylene*1 OR polyester*1 OR polyamide*1 OR polyacetal*1 OR polystyrene*1 OR polyurethane* OR polyurea OR silan* OR polycarbonate*)
|75602
|-
|3
|Claims, Title or Abstract
|1836 – Date
|1 AND 2
|2272
|-
|}
* Total number of patents - 2272
* Total number of unique patent families - 1483

===Taxonomy for analysis===
[[Image:adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Taxonomy for PSA composition===
[[Image:adhesion-final version.jpg|thumb|center|1000px|Taxonomy map - Adhesion]]

===Composition components matrix===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Assignees'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Rubber'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Silicone'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Polymers'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acrylic'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Tackifying resin'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Plasticizer oil'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Carboxylic acids'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Acid Esters'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Priority Year'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#C0C0C0"|'''Patent numbers'''
|-
|rowspan = "3"|3M Innovative Properties Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6630531 US6630531]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6632872 US6632872]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6455634 US6455634]
|-
|American Tape Company
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5798175 US5798175]
|-
|Ashland Oil, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1991
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5434213 US5434213]
|-
|rowspan = "4"|Atlantic Richfield Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1984
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4656213 US4656213]
|-
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-
| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5817426 US5817426]
|-

|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6461707 US6461707]
|-
|Coloplast
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1980
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6437038 US6437038]
|-
|rowspan = "5"|Dow Corning Corporation
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1970
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5916981 US5916981]
|-
| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6337086 US6337086]
|-

| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1990
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6121368 US6121368]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1994
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5561203 US5561203]
|-

|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5861472 US5861472]
|-
|Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5714254 US5714254]
|-
|Fujikura Ltd.
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6388556 US6388556]
|-
|General Electric Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|2000
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6387487 US6387487]
|-
|H Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5741840 US5741840]
|-
|H. B. Fuller Licensing & Financing, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5869562 US5869562]
|-
|Johnson & Johnson Products Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1981
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4335026 US4335026]
|-
|rowspan = "2"|Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5602221 US5602221]
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1993
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5612136 US5612136]
|-
|Nichiban Company Limited
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1997
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6274235 US6274235]
|-
|None
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|1996
|[http://appft1.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=%2220030136510%22.PGNR.&OS=DN/20030136510&RS=DN/20030136510 US20030136510]
|-
|PPG Industries, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|1996
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5776548 US5776548]
|-
|Ralf Korpman Associates, Inc.
|align = "center"|x
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|1992
|[http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=5760135 US5760135]
|-
|}
==Sample Analysis Sheet==
[[Media:Sample analysis sheet.xls|Sample Analysis Sheet]]

File:Adhesion-final version.jpg

2008-03-06T11:33:43Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

File:Adhesion-3Mnew2.jpg

2008-03-06T11:33:16Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

File:Sealeant in adhesive.jpg

2008-03-06T11:32:49Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

File:Adhesionnew.jpg

2008-03-06T11:32:34Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

File:Surface energy.jpg

2008-03-06T11:32:10Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

Pressure sensitive adhesives

2008-03-06T11:31:37Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

Main Page

2008-03-06T11:31:20Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Dolcera Offerings summary */

__NOTOC__
{| style="border:1px solid #AAA; background:#E9E9E9;width:100%" align="center"
|-
! style="background:lightgrey" | Life Sciences and Chemistry
! style="background:lightgrey" | Technology
|-
|
==== Landscape reports ====
* [[Alopecia - Hair Loss]]
* [[Diabetes products and services]]
* [[Inflammation and cardiovascular drugs]]
* [[Non-wovens]]
==== [[Disease database]] ====
|
==== Landscape Reports ====
* [[Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery System]]
* [[Supply Chain RFID Applications]]
* [[Insurance sector]]
* [[Quality of Service on CDMA platforms]]
* [[OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode]]
|-
|
==== Dashboard ====
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=10 Alopecia areata dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/stent_model.swf Stent dashboard]
|
==== Dashboard ====
* [http://client.dolcera.com/dashboard/dashboard.html?workfilegroup_id=27 Automotive dashboard]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid_model.swf RFID dashboard]
|-
| align = "top" |
==== IPMap ====
* [http://dolcera.com/client/d8r3/hairloss_map.htm Alopecia/Hair loss IPMap]
|
==== IPMaps ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/satellite_antenna/ipmap.html Satellite Antenna IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/rfid/ipmap.html RFID IPMap]
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/multimodal_apps/ipmap.html Multimodal Applications IPMap]
|-
| align = "top" |
==== Design Analysis ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/dental_design_demo/main.html Dental Implant Design Analysis]
|
|-
|}

==== Innovation Explorer ====
* [http://www.dolcera.com/ipmapdemo/innovation_explorer/innovation_explorer.html Household robotics Innovation Explorer]
* [[Web video]]
===Market research===
* [[4G wireless technology developments]]
* [[HDTV in the US]]
== Finance ==
* [[Innovative personal finance products]]
=== Dolcera Offerings summary ===
* [[Dolcera Offerings|Dolcera offerings summary]]

* [[Pressure sensitive adhesives]]

File:Osteoporosis -year approach.jpeg

2007-09-14T17:34:50Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

Osteoporosis

2007-09-14T17:21:07Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* IP activity and Treatment Approaches */

==Summary==

* '''Definition''' :A systematic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, increase of bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.

'''Types of Osteoporosis & its causes'''

#'''Primary osteoporosis(Type I (postmenopausal) or Type II (senile) )''':
##''Type I (postmenopausal)'': Generally develops in women after menopause when the amount of estrogen in the body greatly decreases. This process leads to an increase in the resorption of bone (the bones loses substance).
##''Type II (senile)'': This involves a thinning of both the trabecular bone (the spongy bone inside of the hard cortical bone) and the hard cortical bone. This process often leads to hip and vertebral body (in the spine) fractures.
#'''Secondary osteoporosis''': Secondary osteoporosis has the same symptoms as primary osteoporosis. However, it occurs as a result of having certain medical conditions, such as hyperthyroidism or leukemia. It may also occur as a result of taking medications known to cause bone breakdown, such as oral or high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (if used for more than 6 months), too high a dose of thyroid replacement, or aromatase inhibitors (used to treat breast cancer).
#'''Osteogenesis imperfecta''': Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare form of osteoporosis that is present at birth. Osteogenesis imperfecta causes bones to break for no apparent reason.
#'''Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis''':Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis is rare. It occurs in children between the ages of 8 and 14 or during times of rapid growth. There is no known cause for this type of osteoporosis, in which there is too little bone formation or excessive bone loss.

==Incidence and prevalence==
[[Image:Osteoporosis incidence.jpg|thumb|center|500px]]
===Incidence===
* 1 in 3 women over 50 will suffer a fracture due to osteoporosis; this increases to 1 in 2 over 60.
* 1 in 5 men over 50 will suffer a fracture due to osteoporosis; this increases to 1 in 3 over 60.
* Approximately 1.6 million hip fractures occur each year worldwide, the incidence is set to increase to 6.3 million by 2050.
* The highest risk of hip fractures are seen in Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Denmark and the USA.
* Currently, there is an increasing incidence of hip fractures in the developed cities in Asia. 1 out of 4 hip fractures occur in Asia and Latin America. This number of hip fractures will increase to 1 in 2 by 2050.
* In the Middle East, the burden of osteoporosis in the general population is expected to increase and is becoming a heavy financial burden.7
* The annual incidence rate of osteoporotic fractures in women is greater than the combined incidence rates of heart attack, stroke and breast cancer. ([[Media:Osteoporosis_factsheet.pdf|International osteoporosis foundation]])

===Prevalence===
*28 million Americans (10 million with osteoporosis; 18 million with low bone mass); eight million American women and 2 million men (NWHIC)(approx 1 in 9 or 10.29% or 28 million people in USA ).
*Total prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the middle- aged and elderly in China was 16. 1% in 2002. The prevalence rate among males was 11. 5% and among females was 19. 9%.
*Prevalence increase to 2.2 million in 2006 and 3 million in 2021 in Australia.
*The prevalence of Khon Kaen (Thai rural area) women has osteporosis in femoral neck and lumbar spine is 19.3% and 24.7% respectively. ([[Media:Osteoporosis_factsheet.pdf|International osteoporosis foundation]])

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''S.NO'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Country/Region'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Extrapolated Prevalence'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
|USA
|10 million cases (80% cases are women and 20% cases are men)
|-
|align = "center"|2
|Australia
|2.2 million
|-
|align = "center"|3
|Middle east
|18,603,593
|-
|align = "center"|4
|Africa
|47,233,590
|-
|align = "center"|5
|Asia
|359,862,754
|-
|align = "center"|6
|Europe
|80,590,570
|-
|}

==Product Information==
[[Image:osteoporosis.jpg|800 px|center|thumb| Overall categorization of osteoporosis treatments]]
===Products in market===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Generic'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Brand'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Current Status'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Type'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Company'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Antiresorptives'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Bisphosphonates'''
|-
|Alendronate
|FOSAMAX®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.merck.com/product/ Merck]
|-
|Risedronate
|Actonel®
|Approved by US/ES
|Postmenopausal
|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/ Sanofi-Aventis/Procter & Gamble]
|-
|Ibandronate
|Boniva™
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.roche.com/home.html Roche]
|-
|Etidronate
|Didronel
|Off Label
| 
|[http://www.pgpharma.com/consumer_didronel.shtml Proctor And Gamble]
|-
|Zoledronic Acid
|Aclasta
|Approved
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/80208.php Novartis]
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators'''
|-
|Raloxifene
|Evista®
|Approved by US
|Osteoporosis
|[http://www.lilly.com/ Eli lilly]
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Hormone Replacement Therapy'''
|-
|Conjugated estrogen
|Premarin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.wyeth.com/ Wyeth]
|-
|Conjugated estrogen
|Cenestin™
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/HC/HCDrugClass/0,4055,34-19,00.html Duramed]
|-
|Esterified estrogens
|Estratab®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.solvay.com/ Solvay]
|-
|Esterified estrogens
|Menesta
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monarchpharm.com%2Findex.cgi%3FCONTEXT%3Dpoalph%26BISKIT%3D95434236815619&ei=bfO_Rpz8Io66sgK63ZS5CA&usg=AFQjCNEFn9uNNf941eVdhDU28dKL-77PGA&sig2=TS_t-tguidki-FvhYmkiMA Monarch]
|-
|Estradiol Transdermal System
|Menostar
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.menostar-us.com/HCP/index.html Bayer]
|-
|Estradiol Transdermal System
|Vivelle Dot
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.noven.com/PR052002.htm Noven]
|-
|Estradiol
|Estrace®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.bms.com/landing/data/index.html Bristol-Myers Squibb]
|-
|Estradiol
|Gynodiol
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novavax.com/ Novavax]
|-
|Tibolone
|Livifem
| 
|Postmenopausal
| 
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Calcitonin'''
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Injection
|Miacalcin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novartis.com/ Novartis]
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray
|Miacalcin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novartis.com/ Novartis]
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray
|Fortical®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
| 
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Bone Forming Drugs'''
|-
|Teripratide
|Forteo®
|Approved by US
|Osteoporosis
|[http://www.pfizer.com/home/ Pfizer]
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Drugs with Complex Mechanisms of Action'''
|-
|Strontium Ranelate
|Protelos
|Not approved in USA
|Postmenopausal osteoporosis
|[http://www.servier.com/pro/osteoporose/home_osteo.asp Servier]
|-
|Vitamin D
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Calcium
| 
|[http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/E6-22573.htm FDA is considering amending rules so that companies can now claim that calcium and Vitamin D in their food supplements can prevent osteoprorosis in all ages and both sexes]
| 
|FDA
|-
|}

===Product pipeline===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5" rowspan = "1" |'''Product Pipeline'''
|-
|colspan = "5"|
|-
|align = "center"|'''DRUG'''
|align = "center"|'''COMPANY'''
|align = "center"|'''DESCRIPTION'''
|align = "center"|'''STAGE'''
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''RANKL Inhibitors'''
|-
|align = "center"|Denosumab
|align = "center"|[http://www.alantos.com/investors/pipe.jsp/ Atlantos, Amgen]
|align = "center"|A monoclonal antibody
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Bisphosphonates'''
|-
|align = "center"|Minodronate (YM529)
|align = "center"|Astellas
|align = "center"|Nitrogen containing bisphosphonate
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Calcium Antagonist'''
|-
|align = "center"|423557
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/reps04/20F-2004.pdf Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|423562
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/reps04/20F-2004.pdf Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Calcilytics (751689)
|align = "center"|[http://www.npsp.com/drug_development/dd_calcilytics.php/ NPS and Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|Calcilytics antagonize calcium receptors on parathyroid glands resulting in a transient release of the body<nowiki>’</nowiki>s own stores of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
|align = "center"|1
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Parathyroid Hormone'''
|-
|align = "center"|768974
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf/ Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|Parathyroid Hormone Agonist
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Preos (rDNA origin)
|align = "center"|[http://www.npsp.com/drug_development/dd_calcilytics.php NPS]
|align = "center"|Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone
|align = "center"|Registration Filed
|-
|align = "center"|PTH1-34
|align = "center"|[http://www.nastech.com/nastech/pipeline/ Nastech]
|align = "center"|Intranasal Parathyroid hormone
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|
|-
|align = "center"|PTH1-34
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_pp.asp Novartis, Emisphere]
|align = "center"|Oral Parathyroid hormone
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|
|-
|align = "center"|PTH Analogs
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Cathepsin k Inhibitor'''
|-
|align = "center"|Relacatib (SB-462795)
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf/ GlaxoSmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|AAE581
|align = "center"|[http://www.asbmr.org/news/press_releases/2005/royrelease.cfm Novartis]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|MK-0822
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/annualreport/ar2006/pipeline.html/ Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Merck]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators'''
|-
|align = "center"|Bazedoxifene
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/search?term=bazedoxifene&submit=Search/ Wyeth, Ligand]
|align = "center"|A Third-Generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Lasofoxifene (Oporia)
|align = "center"|[http://www.ligand.com/collaborations.php#Leading/ Pfizer,Ligand]
|align = "center"|A Third-Generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|NDA
|-
|align = "center"|Arzoxifene
|align = "center"|[http://www.lillytrials.com/ Eli lilly]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Taromifene (Fareston)
|align = "center"|[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1550783 Orion]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Calcitonin'''
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[http://www.nastech.com/nastech/pipeline/ Nastech]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|NDA
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"|Nasal
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin (SMC 021)
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_osc.asp Novartis, Emisphere, Nordic]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.sbtdc.org/technology/sbir/nobex.pdf Nobex (Biocon)]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|3
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Vitamin D'''
|-
|align = "center"|ED 71
|align = "center"|[http://www.chugai-pharm.co.jp/english/ir/pipeline/index.html<nowiki> </nowiki>Bone/ Chugai]
|align = "center"|Activted Vitamin D derivative
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)
|align = "center"|[http://www.centerwatch.com/patient/drugs/dru614.html Bone Care Int.]
|align = "center"|Synthetic Vitamin D
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Nitrates: Research is going on to determine if nitrates can prevent osteoporosis in women.'''
|-
|align = "center"|Isosorbide mononitrate
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/ St. Michael<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Hospital, Toronto]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Nitroglycerine
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00252421 Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|HCT 1026 (NO releasing Derivative of NSAIDs)
|align = "center"|[http://www.centerwatch.com/bookstore/nmt/nmtb_osteoporosis.pdf NicOx SA]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM)'''
|-
|align = "center"|LGD-2941
|align = "center"|[http://investors.ligand.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=258992 Ligand, TAP]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|LGD-3303
|align = "center"|[http://www.ligand.com/research.php Ligand, TAP]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Ostarine
|align = "center"|[http://www.gtxinc.com/tech/pipeline.htm GTx]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center"|Intermittent Versus Continuous Androgen Suppression
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00228124?order=111/ Ontario Cancer Research Network]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5"|
|-
|align = "center"|Mk 0733
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/annualreport/ar2006/pipeline.html Merck]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|TH0229
|align = "center"|Theratechnologies
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|c-8500
|align = "center"|Merck
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|c-3578
|align = "center"|Merck
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|apomorphine
|align = "center"|Ilex Oncology
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Genistein
|align = "center"|[http://www.newsrx.com/newsletters/Drug-Law-Weekly/2007-07-10/2207102007866DL.html<nowiki> </nowiki> Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] 
|align = "center"|isoflavones have been shown to interact with animal and human estrogen receptors, causing effects in the body similar to those caused by the hormone estrogen.
|align = "center"|Available
|-
|align = "center"|Soy estrogens
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00076050?order=61/ (NIAMS)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Hesperidin
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00330096?order=51/ Nestle clinical nutrition]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Davallia Divaricata
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00154609?order=63/ National Taiwan University Hospital]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Atorvaststin
|align = "center"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00120133?order=9}]
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Potassium citrate
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00357331?order=56/ Weill Medical College of Cornell University]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|4
|-
|align = "center"|Phosphorus
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00074711?order=60/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|}

===Devices===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|[http://www.hiprotector.com/wkit.html Hip Protector]
|Hip pads with special underwear with pockets
| 
|Children<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Mercy Hospital Kansas City
| 
|-
|}

==Market Information==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "10"|Prescription Trends in USA
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "10"|Source: Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1525-1530
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|'''1988'''
|align = "center"|'''1990'''
|align = "center"|'''1992'''
|align = "center"|'''1994'''
|align = "center"|'''1996'''
|align = "center"|'''1998'''
|align = "center"|'''2000'''
|align = "center"|'''2002'''
|align = "center"|'''2003'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Patients (Millions)'''
|align = "center"|NA
|align = "center"|0.6
|align = "center"|0.6
|align = "center"|0.5
|align = "center"|1.2
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|2.6
|align = "center"|2.8
|align = "center"|3.6
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "10"|'''Drugs Prescribed %'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Bisphosphonates (total)'''
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|48
|align = "center"|49
|align = "center"|54
|align = "center"|71
|align = "center"|73
|-
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|45
|align = "center"|47
|align = "center"|48
|align = "center"|53
|align = "center"|51
|-
|align = "center"|Risedronate
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|22
|-
|align = "center"|Etidronate
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|-
|align = "center"|'''Calcium'''
|align = "center"|39
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|43
|align = "center"|31
|align = "center"|26
|align = "center"|29
|align = "center"|26
|align = "center"|24
|-
|align = "center"|'''Calcitonins'''
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|16
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|7
|align = "center"|5
|-
|align = "center"|'''Estrogens'''
|align = "center"|35
|align = "center"|25
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|27
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|8
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|'''SERMs'''
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|12
|-
|}
==Clinical Trials==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Trial No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Condition'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Description'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Intervention'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Therapy'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Route of admn'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Sponsors & Collaborators'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Phase'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Date'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00405392?order=13 Investigate Patient Preference On Dosing In Ibandronate And Risedronate in korean women ]
|align = "center"| Ibandronate
|align = "center"| Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis Osteopenia
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00145977?order=14 Texture Analysis for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|University of Chicago
|align = "center"| -
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00471237?order=18 A Phase II Study Evaluating SB-751689 in Post-Menopausal Women With Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|SB-751689
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "center"|Phase II
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00432692?order=15 Fall prevention program ]
|align = "center"|Procedure
| -
| -
|align = "center"|Sint Maartenskliniek ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|Apr-07
|-
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis Osteopenia
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00491920?order=16 High Dosage Vitamin D and Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Cholecalciferol
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|University Hospital of North Norway
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|6
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00479037?order=19 Effect of PTH(1-84)or Strontium Ranelate on Bone Formation Measured by Bone Markers]
|align = "center"|Parathyronine hormone
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Nycomed
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|7
|align = "center"|Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00493532?order=20 A Study of Quarterly Intravenous Bonviva (Ibandronate) in Women With Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|ibandronate <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bonviva/Boniva<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center"|8
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00414973?order=22 A Study for Patients With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|1.Salmon Calcitonin 2.Teriparatide
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Nose/intravenous
|align = "center"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00404820?order=24 Safety/Efficacy of Zoledronic Acid and Alendronate on Bone Metabolism in Post Menopausal Women With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Zoledronic acid and alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Novartis
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00439647?order=26 Efficacy in Reducing Fractures and Safety of Zoledronic Acid in Men With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|zoledronic acid
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Novartis
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center"|11
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00154609?order=27 Davallia Divaricata BL: The Use of Traditional Chinese Native Medicine for Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Gu-Sui-Bu (Davallia Divaricata)
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|National Taiwan University Hospital
|align = "center"| Phase I
|align = "center"|Jan-07
|-
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00489918?order=44 Dose Ranging Study - Macroflux PTH in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Macroflux PTH
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"|The Macroflux Corporation
|align = "center"|Phase II
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00391404?order=41 Fosamax for Childhood Cancer Survivors]
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Chinese University of Hong Kong
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Oct-06
|-
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00365456?order=40 This study is currently recruiting patients.]
|align = "center"|Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"| Nycomed
|align = "center"| -
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00421343?order=38 This study is currently recruiting patients.]
|align = "center"|Alendronate with cholecalciferol and Os-Cal with extra D
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|National Institute on Aging (NIA),Glaxosmithkline
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|16
|align = "center"|Primary Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00447915?order=32 Phase II/III Clinical Study of R484iv (Ibandronic Acid) for Primary Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Ibandronic acid
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| Chugai Pharmaceutical
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Back pain and Spinal Fracture
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00343252?order=37 Effect of Teriparatide Compared to Risedronate on Back Pain in Women With a Spine Fracture Caused by Osteoporosis]
|Teriparatide and risedronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral/Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center"|18
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00493623?order=50 BONDIR Study: A Study of Intravenous Bonviva (Ibandronate) After Recent Vertebral Osteoporotic Fracture in Patients With Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|Ibandronate <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bonviva/Boniva<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|}

==Intellectual Property==
===Search strategy===
* '''Database/Vendor''': Micropat
* '''Search scope''': US Granted US Applications EP-A EP-B WO JP (bibliographic data only) DE-C,B DE-A DE-T DE-U GB-A FR-A; '''Claims'''
* '''Years''': Issue/Publication Date: >20051231
* '''Search String''': ((Osteoporosis OR (bone Near3 regeneration)) AND (treatment))
* '''Hits''': 1261/982 patents (with/with out family members)
* '''Date of search''': 14th September 2007

===Top players and IPC classes===

[[Image:Top players and IPC.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

===Geographical Distribution and Treatment Approaches===
[[Image:Osteoporosis -geographical.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

===IP activity and Treatment Approaches===
* Decline in the IP activity during 2006 and 2007 is due 18 months publication delay of patent document.
[[Image:Osteoporosis -year approach.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

==Conferences==
[http://www.chinamed.com.cn/icobr2008/html/WelcomeAddress.html International Conference on Osteoporosis and Bone Research to be held on Oct 15-18, 2008 in Beijing, China.]

[http://www.iofbonehealth.org/wco/2008/homepage.html 2008 IOF World Congress on Osteoporosis to be held on December 2-7, 2008 in Bangkok, Thailand]

[http://www.oarsi.org/meetings/07Congress/index.cfm 2007 World Congress on Osteoarthritis, being held December 6 - 9, 2007 at the Marriott Harbor Beach Resort & Spa in fabulous Ft. Lauderdale, Florida!]

Oral Diabetes Drugs

2007-09-14T17:19:47Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Top players and IPC classes */

Diabetes is a disease caused by high levels of blood glucose resulting from improper production of insulin or action of insulin.

* '''Type 1''': In this Diabetes, the cells that make the hormone insulin regulate the blood glucose are destroyed by the body immune system. This is also called as juvenile onset diabetes as it occurs mainly in children and young adults. 5%-10% of all the cases of diabetes have Type I diabetes. Clinical trials are being pursued and planned to prevent type I diabetes. This is also called as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM).
* '''Type 2''': In this case, either the cells do not use insulin properly or the body does not produce enough insulin. 90% - 95% of the diabetics have Type 2 diabetes. This type of disease is also called as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and is mainly observed in people with old age, obese, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity and race/ethnicity.
* '''Gestational Diabetes''': Increase in the levels of blood sugar during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes.

==Incidence and prevalence==
===Incidence===
In year 2004, diabetes ( Both type I and type II ) was diagnosed in 1.4 million adults between the age of 18-79 years (Figure 1). The incidence of diabetes was lower in adults having an age between 18-44 years compared to other groups (Figure 2). From 1997 through 2004, the age adjusted incidence of diagnosed diabetes ( Both type I and type II )increased by 35% among men and 46% among women (Figure 3).

[[Image:Number in thousands vs Year.jpg|left|250 px|thumb|Figure 1. Annual number (in thousands) of new cases of diagnosed diabetes among adults aged 18-79 years, in United States from 1997-2004. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig1.htm Source]]]

[[Image: Rate per 1000 vs gender.gif|right|250 px|thumb|
Figure 3. Gender based incidence of diagnosed diabetes per 1000 population aged from 18-79 years in U.S. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig4.htm Source]]]

[[Image: Rate per 1000 vs Year.jpg|center|250 px|thumb|Figure 2. Incidence of diagnosed diabetes per 1000 population aged 18-79 years, by age in U.S from 1997 to 2004. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig3.htm Source]]].

*The following table attempts to extrapolate the incidence rate for Diabetes( both type I and type II ) to the populations of various countries and regions.[http://cureresearch.com/d/diabetes/stats-country.htm Cure reasearch, Statistics by Country for Diabetes]
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="86%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|''' S.NO'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Country/Region'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Extrapolated incidence'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
| USA
|861,533
|-
|align = "center"|2
|Canada
|95,372
|-
|align = "center"|3
|Europe
|1,474,002
|-
|align = "center"|4
|Asia
|10,063,645
|-
|align = "center"|5
|Africa
|1,290,255
|-
|align = "center"|6
|Middle east
|1,055,809
|-
|align = "center"|7
|Australia and Southern Pacific
|70,138
|-
|}

===Prevalence===
The prevalence of diabetes( Both type I and type II ) in U.S. during the years 1980 to 2005, increased from 5.6 million to 15.8 million (Figure 4). Especially people aged from 65 to 74 had the highest prevalence compared to other age groups (Figure 5). The prevalence of the disease was similar in both men and women till the year 1998 but from 1999, the prevalence of the disease increased highly in men compared to females (Figure 6).

[[Image:Number vs Year.jpg|left|250 px|thumb|Figure 4. Number (millions) of persons with diagnosed diabetes from year 1980 to 2005 in United States. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figpersons.htm Source]]]

[[Image:Rate_per_100_vs_Age.jpg|right|250 px|thumb|Figure 5. Age dependent Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in United States from year 1980 to 2005. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figbyage.htm Source]]]

[[Image:Rate per 100 vs Year.jpg|center|250 px|thumb|Figure 6. Gender dependent Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in United States from year 1980 to 2005. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figbysex.htm Source]]].
*The following table attempts to extrapolate the prevalence rate for Diabetes( both type I and type II ) to the populations of various countries and regions.[http://cureresearch.com/d/diabetes/stats-country.htm Cure reasearch, Statistics by Country for Diabetes].
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="86%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|''' S.NO'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Country/Region'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Extrapolated Prevalence'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
| USA
|17,273,847
|-
|align = "center"|2
|Canada
|1,912,227
|-
|align = "center"|3
|Europe
|33,882,009
|-
|align = "center"|4
|Asia
|201,777,550
|-
|align = "center"|5
|Africa
|25,393,535
|-
|align = "center"|6
|Middle east
|21,169,243
|-
|align = "center"|7
|Australia and Southern Pacific
|1,406,291
|-
|}

==Market Overview==
* The Insulin market in 2006 was largely dominated by two players, Novo Nordisk of Denmark and Eli Lilly of USA.
* India and China are emerging as the most potential future markets for insulin delivery devices.
* Growing at a CAGR of 14.09%, global insulin market will reach US$ 14.5 Billion by 2010 from US$ 7.5 Billion in 2005.
* Over 60% of the insulin sold in 2006 was sold in pen devices.
* Insulin pen devices dominate the market in Europe and Japan whereas syringes and pumps dominate the US market.
* There was a big improvement in the global diabetes market for innovation particularly in the field of non-invasive methods of insulin delivery, including inhalable, oral and patch technology. [http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1491639&g=1 Source]
* There are 3 key new OAD classes; PPAR agonists, GLP-1 agonists/DPP IV inhibitors, and amlinomimetic agents. High forecasted sales are anticipated in 2011 for the GLP-1 agonist Exenatide LAR and the DPP-IV inhibitor Galvus at $2,902.9m and $1,228.7m, respectively. [http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1286835&g=1 Source]

[[Image:Diabetic market data.jpeg|thumb|center|800 px|]]

A. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0159m.pdf Competitive dynamics of the leading players in the global diabetes market, 2005]
B. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0159m.pdf Global diabetes market share by geography, 2005]]
C. [http://www.bccresearch.com/editors/RB-158.html Worldwide Diabetes Market, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2007]
D. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0126m.PDF Global* market share of leading insulins (%), 1999-2003]

==Product Information==

[[Image:diabetes4.jpg|800 px|center|thumb| Overall categorization of diabetes treatments]]

===Products: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00" colspan = "4"|Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Brand'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Company'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Availability'''
|-
|colspan = "4" | '''Sulfonylureas'''
|-
|'''First Generation'''
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Acetohexomide
|Dymelor
|Eli Lilly
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Chlorpropamide, Tolazamide
|Diabenase
|Pfizer
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|'''Second Generation'''
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
|Diabeta
|Aventis
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
|Micronase
|Pharmacia
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
|Glynase
|Pharmacia
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Glypizide
|Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL
|Pfizer
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|'''Third Generation'''
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Glimepride
|Amaryl
|Aventis
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Meglitnides'''
|-
|Repaglinide
|Prandin
|Novo Nordisk
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Nateglinide
|Sralix
|Novartis
|US,UK, J
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Biguanides'''
|-
|Metfromin
|Glucophage, Glucophage XR
|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|US
|-
|Metfromin
| 
| 
| 
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Thiazolidinediones'''
|-
|Rosiglitazone
|Avandia
|Glaxosmithkline
|US, G, UK
|-
|Pioglitazone
|Actos
|Takeda/ Eli Lilly
|US, UK, G, S, J
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Alfa-Glucosidase Inhibitors'''
|-
|Acarbose
|Precose
|Bayer
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Miglitol
|Glyset
|Pharmacia
|US, F, G, S
|-
|Voglibose
|Basen, Volix, Vogseal
|Ranbaxy, Nihon Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd
|I, J
|-
|colspan = "4"|'''Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor'''
|-
|Sitgliptin
|Januvia
|Merck
|US
|-
|}

===Products: Fixed Drug Combinations===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|'''Fixed Drug Combinations'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Brand Name'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug 1'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug 2'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Company'''
|-
|Metaglip
|Glipizide
|Metformin
|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|-
|Duetact
|Glimepiride
|Pioglitazone
|Takeda
|-
|Avandaryl
|Glimepiride
|Rosiglitazone
|GlaxoSmithKline
|-
|ACTOSPlusMet
|Pioglitazone
|Metformin
|Takeda
|-
|Avandamet
|Rosiglitazone
|Metformin
|GlaxoSmithKline
|-
|Janumet
|Sitgliptin
|Metformin
|Merck
|-
|}

===Product pipeline===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3" |'''Product Pipeline'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Drug'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Stage'''

|-
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitor ''':DPP-IV inactivates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an important mediator of blood glucose levels following meals. DPP-IV inhibitors have been clinically shown to provide long term improvement of glucose control without the risk of hypoglycemia, and to improve the function of pancreatic beta cells, the cells responsible for the production of insulin.

|-
|align = "center"|ALS 2-0426
|align = "center"|[http://www.amgen.com/investors/pipe.jsp Alantos Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Servier]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|PSN9301
|align = "center"|[http://www.osip.com/PSN9301 OSI]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|SYR-322
|align = "center"|[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0RSB/is_2006_Jan_21/ai_n16017480 Takeda]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|R1579
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|vildagliptin (Galvus)
|align = "center"|[http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/newsroom/pressReleases/releaseDetail.jsp?PRID=1984 novartis]
|align = "center"|NDA submitted in March 2006

|-
|align = "center"|MP-513
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki> DPP IV Inhibitor
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Saxagliptin
|align = "center"|[http://www.bms.com/research/content/data/pipeline.html Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Bristol-Myers Squibb]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Insulin sensitizer'''

|-
|align = "center"|MBX 102
|align = "center"|[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/26017.php Metabolex]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|MBX-2044
|align = "center"|[http://www.metabolex.com/pipeline.html Metabolex]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|ISIS 113715
|align = "center"|[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|NCX 4016
|align = "center"|[http://www.nicox.com/update/NCX_4016.html NicOx]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Cholebine
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|DG070 inhibitors
|align = "center"|[http://www.develogen.com/en/prod_pipeline.php?hnav=2&tnav=0 Develogen AG]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|align = "center"|NovoNorm®/Metformin
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=6 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''GLP 1 Analogue / Agonists'''

|-
|align = "center"|TH0318
|align = "center"|[http://www.drugresearcher.com/news/ng.asp?id=58974-new-diabetic-drug Theratechnolgies]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Liraglutide (NN2211)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=4 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|R1583
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Oral GLP
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/product_pipeline.asp Emisphere Technologies]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|PC-DAC™:Exendin-4
|align = "center"|[http://conjuchem.hyphenhealth.com/ ConjuChem]
|align = "center"|2

|-
| 
|align = "center"|[http://www.bms.com/research/content/data/pipeline.html Bristol-Myers Squibb ]
|align = "center"|Exploratory development

|-
|align = "center"|AVE0001A
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki>GLP 1 Agonist
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonist/analogue'''

|-
|align = "center"|AVE8134
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|AVE0897
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|R1439, aleglitazar
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|AVE0847
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|SAR351034
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|align = "center"|376501
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|625019
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|677954
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Avandia
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Avandia XR
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|PPAR Gamma Agonist <nowiki>+</nowiki> simvaststin
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|MCC-555, Netoglitazone
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma, Novartis]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|align = "center"|Muraglitzar
|align = "center"|[http://www.drugs.com/nda/muraglitazar_041223.html Bristol-Myers Squibb ]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Oral glucokinase activator (GKA)'''

|-
|align = "center"|PSN010
|align = "center"|[http://www.osip.com/PSN010 OSI]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|R1511
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''G protein-coupled Receptor(GPR) 119 Agonist'''

|-
|align = "center"|PSN821
|align = "center"|[http://www.osip.com/PSN010 OSI]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist'''

|-
|align = "center"|Solabegron (GW427353)
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00401479?order=1 Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Antisense drug for Glucagon Receptor (GCGR)'''

|-
|align = "center"|ISIS 325568
|align = "center"|[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|ISIS 377131
|align = "center"|[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|colspan = "3"|''' Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"|AVE2268
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|SAR 7226
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|align = "center"|189075
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00401479?order=1 Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist'''

|-
|align = "center"|Perzinfotel
|align = "center"|Wyeth
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Growth hormone releasing analogue'''

|-
|align = "center"|TH 9507
|align = "center"|[http://www.theratech.com/en/products-therapeutic-peptides/pipeline.php Theratechnolgies]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Aldolase reductase inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"|SNK-860, fidarestat
|align = "center"|[http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/reprint/24/10/1776.pdf Sankyo]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Neurotrophin Enhancer'''

|-
|align = "center"|MCC-257
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Nitric oxide (NO) blocking agent'''

|-
|align = "center"|NOX-700
|align = "center"|[http://www.medinox.com/news/press.htm Medinox]
|align = "center"|1 staretd in 2002

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Antibody'''

|-
|align = "center"|TRX4
|align = "center"|[http://www.btgplc.com/PartneredDevelopment/240/TRX4.html BTG]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD1) inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"|AMG 221
|align = "center"|[http://wwwext.amgen.com/science/pipe_AMG221.html Amgen]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB, also named hnRNP) inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|Serono
|align = "center"|1
|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Insulin Like Growth Factor 1'''
|-
|-
|align = "center"|IPLEX
|align = "center"|Glen Allen
|align = "center"|Orphan Drug Status
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3"|'''Miscellaneous'''

|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[http://www.metabolex.com/pipeline.html Metabolex]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|MBX-8025
|align = "center"|[http://www.metabolex.com/MBX-8025.html Metabolex]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Nateglinide with insulin sensitizers
|align = "center"|[http://www.astellas.com/global/about/news/2006/pdf/061130_eg.pdf Astellas pharmas]
|align = "center"|SNDA Filed

|-
|align = "center"|Nateglinide with biguanides
|align = "center"|[http://www.astellas.com/global/about/news/2006/pdf/061130_eg.pdf Astellas pharmas]
|align = "center"|SNDA Filed

|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 

|-
|align = "center"|869682
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00291356?order=2 Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|815541
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|625019
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|189075
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|677954
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|PPM-204
|align = "center"|[http://www.wyeth.com/research/pipeline Wyeth]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|CS-011 (Roviglitazone)
|align = "center"|Sankyo
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|ACOMPLIA®( Rimonabant*)
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|CS-917
|align = "center"|Sankyo
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|R 1499
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|R1438
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|R483
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|R1440
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|PSN 357
|align = "center"|OSI
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|NBI 6024
|align = "center"|Neurocrine Biosciences
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|CS-917
|align = "center"|[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/index.html metabasis, Daiichi Sankyo]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|MB07803
|align = "center"|[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/index.html metabasis, Daiichi Sankyo]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|AMPK Project
|align = "center"|[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/index.html metabasis, Daiichi Sankyo]
|align = "center"|Discovery

|-
|align = "center"|MK 0941
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|MK 1642
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Mk 0533
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|MK0893
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Arxxant (ruboxistaurin)
|align = "center"|[http://investor.lilly.com/pipeline.cfm Eli Lilly]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|11 B- HSD 1
|align = "center"|[http://www.biovitrum.com/upload/images/R&D/Projectportfolio_June_2007.pdf Biovitrum, Amgen]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki> Metformin
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|AMG 837
|align = "center"|[http://wwwext.amgen.com/science/pipe_AMG221.html Amgen]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Darbepoetin alfa
|align = "center"|[http://wwwext.amgen.com/science/pipe_AMG221.html Amgen]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|Smylin(Amylin analogue)
|align = "center"|[http://www.amylin.com/pipeline/symlin.cfm Amylin]
|align = "center"|4

|-
|align = "center"|Exenatide LAR
|align = "center"|[http://www.amylin.com/pipeline/symlin.cfm Amylin]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|DG770 (beta cell regeneration factor)
|align = "center"|[http://www.develogen.com/en/prod_pipeline.php?hnav=2&tnav=0 Develogen AG]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|E1 INT (Islet regeneration)
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Mecasermin rinfabate (IPLEX) (IGF 1 and 2)
|align = "center"|[http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/InfoSheets/patient/mecasermin_rinfabatePIS.htm Insmed]
|align = "center"|Approved in 2005

|-
|align = "center"|Orlistat (Xenical) (Lipase inhibitor)
|align = "center"|[http://www.xenical.com/xen_do_home.asp Roche]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3"|'''Insulins'''

|-
|align = "center"|Oral Insulin
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_oi.asp Emisphere Technologies]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Technosphere
|align = "center"|[http://www.mannkindcorp.com/technosphere_insulin.aspx Mannkind corporation]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|NN344 (Insulin analogue)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=18 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|NN5401(Insulin analogue)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=19 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|AERx® iDMS (Insulin Inhalation system)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=5 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|Inhaled insulin
|align = "center"|Bristol Meyers Squibb
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Inhaled insulin
|align = "center"|[http://investor.lilly.com/pipeline.cfm Eli Lilly]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Exubera (Inhaled insulin)
|align = "center"|[http://www.pfizer.com/research/cardiovascular_condition.jsp Pfizer]
|align = "center"|4

|-
|align = "center"|Oal Lyn (Inhaled insulin)
|align = "center"|[http://www.generex.com/products/oral-lyn/ http://www.generex.com/products/oral-lyn/]
|align = "center"|Approved in Ecuador

|-
|align = "center"|Nasulin
|align = "center"|[http://www.bentleypharm.com/other/pipeline Bentley]
|align = "center"|2

|}

==Intellectual Property==
===Search strategy===
* '''Database/Vendor:''' Micropat
* '''Search scope:''' US Granted US Applications EP-A EP-B WO JP (bibliographic data only) DE-C,B DE-A DE-T DE-U GB-A FR-A; '''English Title'''
* '''Years:''' '''Issue/Publication Date:''' >20051231
* '''Search String:''' (Diabetes OR diabetic) AND (treatment OR treating)
* '''Hits:''' 618/217 patents (with/with out family members)
* '''Date of search:''' 11 July 2007

===Top players and IPC classes===

[[Image:Diabetes- top players.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

====IPC code definition====

{|border="0" cellspacing="1" width="80%"
|'''A61K'''
|Preparations for medical, dental, or toilet purposes
|-
|'''C07D'''
|Heterocyclic compounds
|-
|'''C07K'''
|Peptides
|-
|'''C12N'''
|Micro-organisms or enzymes; compositions thereof
|-
|'''C12Q'''
|Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms (immunoassay); compositions or test papers therefor; processes of preparing such compositions; condition-responsive control in microbiological or enzymological processes
|-
|}

===Geographical Distribution and Treatment Approaches===

[[Image:Diabetes -geographical.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

===IP activity and Treatment Approaches===
* Decline in the IP activity during 2005 and 2006 is due 18 months publication delay of patent document.
[[Image:Diabetes -year approach.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

==Clinical Trials==
===Approved/On-going===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5"|'''Clinical trials'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Drug'''
|align = "center"|'''Sponsors'''
|align = "center"|'''Description'''
|align = "center"|'''Phase'''
|align = "center"|'''Date of Start'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Oral Drugs'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Cannabinoid receptor antagonist'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00478595?order=1 Rimonabant]
|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis
|align = "justify"|The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of SR141716 (rimonabant) compared to placebo on change in HbA1c and on relative change in body weight over 52 weeks in obese type 2 diabetic patients on monotherapy inadequately controlled with oral anti-diabetic drug (sulfonylurea or ?-glucosidase inhibitor).
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Insulin Sensitisers'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00353587?order=24 Metaglidasen]
|align = "justify"|Metabolex
|align = "justify"|
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Thioglitazone'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00386100?order=1 Rosiglitazone maleate/metformin hydrochloride (AVANDAMET)]
|align = "justify"|GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "justify"|This study will evaluate the longer-term glycemic effect of two medicines approved for initial treatment of type 2 diabetes.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Oct-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00515632?order=8 Balaglitazone]
|align = "justify"|Rheoscience A/S
|align = "justify"|Balaglitazone is a thiazolidinedione derivative that is being developed as an oral anti-diabetic drug to improve blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to assess if additional treatment with balaglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes on stable insulin treatment will improve blood glucose control and decrease the daily insulin dose, but with less impact on weight gain and oedema.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''(DPP-4) inhibitor'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00351884?order=18 Vildagliptin]
|align = "justify"|Novartis
|align = "justify"|This is a 24-week study to assess the efficacy on HbA1c of 100 mg vildagliptin once daily as compared to placebo as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controllled with metformin.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Insulin'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00419562?order=1 Oral Insulin]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK, NICHD, NIAID, NICR, ADA, JDRF
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Potassium Channel Blocker'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00131755?order=1 Diazoxide]
|align = "justify"|Grill, Valdemar, M.D.
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to find out if Diazoxide can partly retain insulin production in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Feb-05
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Nutritional Agents'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00117026?order=1 Benfotiamine (Vitamin B1)]
|align = "justify"|University Hospital, Aker, The Research Council of Norway
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|1, 2
|align = "center"|Aug-05
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00333554?order=1 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| June 2006
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00400491?order=1 Vitamin D]
|align = "justify"|University of Tromso
|align = "justify"|The purpose of the study is to evaluate if supplementation with vitamin D in a dose of 40.000 IU per week will result in improved metablic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Jun-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00351234?order=25 Carnitine Supplementation]
|align = "justify"|Children<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Mercy Hospital Kansas City,Sigma Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Minimed Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacia/Upjohn Career Development Award
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine whether type I diabetics with carnitine deficiency exhibit increased numbers of hypoglycemic (low blood sugars) events and if unrecognized hypoglycemia occurs during continuous 72-hour glucose monitoring. If they are determined to have unrecognized hypoglycemia, then oral carnitine supplementation will be given to those subjects and they will be reassessed for the number of hypoglycemic events in a 72-hour glucose monitoring.
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|Oct-04
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Antiinflammatory'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00339833?order=63 Salsalate]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK,National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
|align = "justify"|This study, conducted at the Phoenix Indian Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, will determine whether reducing subclinical inflammation lessens insulin resistance in healthy, obese volunteers.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Mar-03
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Angiotensin (AT 2) Antagonist/blocker'''
|-
|align = "justify"| Olmesartan
|align = "justify"|Daiichi Sankyo Inc
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Oct-04
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00422487?order=35 MBX-2044]
|align = "justify"|Metabolex
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to collect important information regarding the glucose-lowering efficacy of MBX-2044 and the safety of MBX-2044 (especially weight gain and edema) in diabetics. It will also provide important information about the appropriate doses to be used in subsequent longer-term studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MBX-2044 alone and in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Oct-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00473525?order=39 PF-00734200]
|align = "justify"|Pfizer
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this Phase 2a study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability, of multiple parallel doses of PF-00734200 following oral administration to adult human subjects with T2DM who currently are on a stable dose of metformin.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00391196?order=41 CP-945,598]
|align = "justify"|Pfizer
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine if CP-945,598 is effective in the treatment of obesity in type 2 diabetic patients
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Nov-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00147745?order=46 WelChol® (colesevelam)]
|align = "justify"|Daiichi Sankyo Inc
|align = "justify"|This study is designed to assess the potential mechanism of action by which WelChol® (colesevelam) may improve blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|May-05
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00461006?order=61 Aleglitazar and Actos®]
|align = "justify"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "justify"|This study will compare the effects of aleglitazar and Actos®, added to preexisting oral antihyperglycemic therapy and/or diet and exercise, on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes, and normal or mildly impaired renal function.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| June 2007
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00328172?order=67 BI 1356 BS]
|align = "justify"|Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals
|align = "justify"|The objective of this monotherapy study is to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 3 doses of BI 1356 BS compared to placebo over 12 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and insufficient control of thier blood glucose. In addition, there will be an open-label treatment arm with metformin. The hypothesis of the trial is that the test drug, BI 1356 BS will lead to better control of blood glucose compared to placebo after 12 weeks of treatment.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00357370?order=84 BMS-512148]
|align = "justify"|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this clinical research study is to learn if BMS-512148, added to insulin and one or two anti-diabetes medications (metformin and/or pioglitazone or rosiglitazone), can help reduce the blood sugar levels compared to insulin and one or two anti-diabetes medications (metformin and/or pioglitazone or rosiglitazone) alone, in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"| October 2006
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Parenteral routes'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Insulins'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00349986?order=3 Insuline glargine]
|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis
|align = "justify"|Purpose ogf this study is to determine rhe first dose and titration of basal insulin
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00360698?order=2 Basal Insulin Plus Insulin Glulisine]
|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis
|align = "justify"|To evaluate the efficacy of a single injection of glulisine before the main meal added to insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) compared to insulin glargine plus OADs in Type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with basal insulin plus OADs.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Jul-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00282971?order=10 Inhaled Insulin (Exubera)]
|align = "justify"|Pfizer
|align = "justify"|To assess the impact on glucose control by inhaled insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not well controlled on 2 or more oral anti-diabetic agents
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Mar-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00325364?order=1 Insulin Inhalation Powder]
|align = "justify"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "justify"|This is a phase 3, open-label, randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Lilly/Alkermes inhaled insulin system compared to injected pre-meal insulin in non-smoking patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients will be treated for 24 months with a 2-month follow-up period.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Apr-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00455858?order=51 Levemir]
|align = "justify"|Novo Nordisk
|align = "justify"|This trial aims for a comparison of the effect on glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes under both established Western algorithm and Korean practical algorithm, given in combination with oral diabetic drug(s)
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Aug-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00228878?order=69 Pulsatile IV Insulin]
|align = "justify"|Florida Atlantic University
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine if restoring normal metabolic function in patients with either type I or type II diabetes can improve the impact of the consequences of diabetic complications on the overall quality of life of diabetic patients. Patients are treated once a week with pulsatile intravenous insulin therapy mimicking normal insulin secretion.
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"|Mar-03
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Incretin Minetic'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00360334?order=9 Exenatide With Basal Insulin]
|align = "justify"|Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly
|align = "justify"|This is a phase 3 trial designed to compare the effects of twice daily exenatide plus oral antidiabetic agents (OADs) and once-daily insulin glargine plus OADs with respect to glycemic control, as measured by hemoglobin A1c, with minimum weight gain, in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on OADs.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Jun-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00456300?order=1 Exenatide]
|align = "justify"|Baylor College of Medicine, NIH
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to see if giving exenatide and insulin before a meal would lower blood sugars after the meal.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00434954?order=11 Exenatide Plus Metformin vs. Insulin Aspart Plus Metformin]
|align = "justify"|Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly
|align = "justify"|This study in Germany is designed to compare the effects of twice-daily exenatide plus metformin and twice-daily premixed human insulin aspart plus metformin with respect to glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c, combined with the percentage of patients with at least one treatment-emergent hypoglycemic episode. Patients will be treated with study therapy for approximately 26 weeks.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00451113?order=1 Sitigliptin]
|align = "justify"|Merck Frosst Canada Ltd, University of British Columbia
|align = "justify"|
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Nov-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Antibodies'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00129259?order=1 hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala)]
|align = "justify"|NIAID
|align = "justify"|hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala) is a man-made antibody that is commonly used to prevent organ rejection. The purpose of this study is determine whether hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala) can halt the progression of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Sep-05
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00279305?order=1 Anti-CD20 (rituximab)]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK, NICHD, NIAID, NICR, ADA, JDRF
|align = "justify"|This study will investigate the use of rituximab to see if it can help lower the number of immune B cells thereby preventing the destruction of any remaining insulin producing beta cells that remain at diagnosis.
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"|Dec-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Surgical'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00303134?order=1 Islet Cell Transplants]
|align = "justify"|Weill Medical College of Cornell University
|align = "justify"|
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|Aug-03
|-
|}

==Conferences==
* [http://www.keystonesymposia.org/Meetings/ViewMeetings.cfm?MeetingID=922 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Action and Resistance] at Breckenridge, Colorado from January 22 - 27, 2008
* [http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Professionals/Conferences_and_events/Annual-Professional-Conference-2008/ Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference 2008] at Glasgow from 05 Mar 2008 09:00 to 07 Mar 2008 17:00
* [http://www.conferencealerts.com/seeconf.mv?q=ca13a3h0 7th International Diabetes Federation Western Pacific Region Congress] at Wellington, New Zealand on 30 Mar 2008.
* [http://debussy.hon.ch/cgi-bin/confevent?aff2+CONF07692+Diabetes_Mellitus 1st International Conference on Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes] at Czech Republic during 27 Feb to 01 Mar 2008.
* [http://www.goingtomeet.com/conventions/details/5301 Discovery Strategies Conference: Modeling Human Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Rodents] at Us during Aug-05-2007.
* [http://www.goingtomeet.com/conventions/details/15113 7th International Conference for Clinical Endocrinology,Diabetes and Infertility] at Egypt during Sep-06-2007.
* [http://www.diabetes.ca/section_professionals/confindex.asp CDA/CSEM Professional Conference and Annual Meetings] at British Columbia during October 24-27, 2007.

===Conference Update: [http://www.diabetes.org/home.jsp American Diabetic Association 2007] ===
==== Conference highlights for Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ====

# [[Oral_Diabetes_Drugs#Products:_Oral_Hypoglycemic_Agents|Oral hypoglecemic agents]] and their role in diabetes treatment. The focus was the recent meta analysis published in [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/356/24/2457?ijkey=9288cc5edfcb35c1e7f1bd5d974d1169d64cea0b NEJM], showing increase CV mortality with Rosiglitazone. The panel consensus was that while awaiting more safety data, for now those patients who are tolerating Rosiglitazone should continue taking them, whereas newly diagnosed patients should try alternative treatment. Also all PPAR agonists should be treated as distinct entities rather than having class effect.
# 12 different [[Oral_Diabetes_Drugs#Products:_Oral_Hypoglycemic_Agents| diabetes products]] are in various stages of development, and there were about 55 abstracts talking about DPP–IV inhibitors. They are especially useful for:
#* The elderly
#* Those with renal insufficiency
#* Heart failure patients
#[http://www.amylin.com/pipeline/symlin.cfm Amyline] analogue (Pramlinitide) was combined with Insulin for treatment of Type 2 DM and results were favorable.
# Continuous glucose monitoring using implanted glucose sensors is a step forward in evolving technology. Yet it is still very expensive and best for highly trained patients on intensive insulin therapy.

Osteoporosis

2007-09-14T17:19:32Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Intellectual Property */

==Summary==

* '''Definition''' :A systematic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, increase of bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.

'''Types of Osteoporosis & its causes'''

#'''Primary osteoporosis(Type I (postmenopausal) or Type II (senile) )''':
##''Type I (postmenopausal)'': Generally develops in women after menopause when the amount of estrogen in the body greatly decreases. This process leads to an increase in the resorption of bone (the bones loses substance).
##''Type II (senile)'': This involves a thinning of both the trabecular bone (the spongy bone inside of the hard cortical bone) and the hard cortical bone. This process often leads to hip and vertebral body (in the spine) fractures.
#'''Secondary osteoporosis''': Secondary osteoporosis has the same symptoms as primary osteoporosis. However, it occurs as a result of having certain medical conditions, such as hyperthyroidism or leukemia. It may also occur as a result of taking medications known to cause bone breakdown, such as oral or high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (if used for more than 6 months), too high a dose of thyroid replacement, or aromatase inhibitors (used to treat breast cancer).
#'''Osteogenesis imperfecta''': Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare form of osteoporosis that is present at birth. Osteogenesis imperfecta causes bones to break for no apparent reason.
#'''Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis''':Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis is rare. It occurs in children between the ages of 8 and 14 or during times of rapid growth. There is no known cause for this type of osteoporosis, in which there is too little bone formation or excessive bone loss.

==Incidence and prevalence==
[[Image:Osteoporosis incidence.jpg|thumb|center|500px]]
===Incidence===
* 1 in 3 women over 50 will suffer a fracture due to osteoporosis; this increases to 1 in 2 over 60.
* 1 in 5 men over 50 will suffer a fracture due to osteoporosis; this increases to 1 in 3 over 60.
* Approximately 1.6 million hip fractures occur each year worldwide, the incidence is set to increase to 6.3 million by 2050.
* The highest risk of hip fractures are seen in Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Denmark and the USA.
* Currently, there is an increasing incidence of hip fractures in the developed cities in Asia. 1 out of 4 hip fractures occur in Asia and Latin America. This number of hip fractures will increase to 1 in 2 by 2050.
* In the Middle East, the burden of osteoporosis in the general population is expected to increase and is becoming a heavy financial burden.7
* The annual incidence rate of osteoporotic fractures in women is greater than the combined incidence rates of heart attack, stroke and breast cancer. ([[Media:Osteoporosis_factsheet.pdf|International osteoporosis foundation]])

===Prevalence===
*28 million Americans (10 million with osteoporosis; 18 million with low bone mass); eight million American women and 2 million men (NWHIC)(approx 1 in 9 or 10.29% or 28 million people in USA ).
*Total prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the middle- aged and elderly in China was 16. 1% in 2002. The prevalence rate among males was 11. 5% and among females was 19. 9%.
*Prevalence increase to 2.2 million in 2006 and 3 million in 2021 in Australia.
*The prevalence of Khon Kaen (Thai rural area) women has osteporosis in femoral neck and lumbar spine is 19.3% and 24.7% respectively. ([[Media:Osteoporosis_factsheet.pdf|International osteoporosis foundation]])

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''S.NO'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Country/Region'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Extrapolated Prevalence'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
|USA
|10 million cases (80% cases are women and 20% cases are men)
|-
|align = "center"|2
|Australia
|2.2 million
|-
|align = "center"|3
|Middle east
|18,603,593
|-
|align = "center"|4
|Africa
|47,233,590
|-
|align = "center"|5
|Asia
|359,862,754
|-
|align = "center"|6
|Europe
|80,590,570
|-
|}

==Product Information==
[[Image:osteoporosis.jpg|800 px|center|thumb| Overall categorization of osteoporosis treatments]]
===Products in market===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Generic'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Brand'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Current Status'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Type'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Company'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Antiresorptives'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Bisphosphonates'''
|-
|Alendronate
|FOSAMAX®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.merck.com/product/ Merck]
|-
|Risedronate
|Actonel®
|Approved by US/ES
|Postmenopausal
|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/ Sanofi-Aventis/Procter & Gamble]
|-
|Ibandronate
|Boniva™
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.roche.com/home.html Roche]
|-
|Etidronate
|Didronel
|Off Label
| 
|[http://www.pgpharma.com/consumer_didronel.shtml Proctor And Gamble]
|-
|Zoledronic Acid
|Aclasta
|Approved
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/80208.php Novartis]
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators'''
|-
|Raloxifene
|Evista®
|Approved by US
|Osteoporosis
|[http://www.lilly.com/ Eli lilly]
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Hormone Replacement Therapy'''
|-
|Conjugated estrogen
|Premarin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.wyeth.com/ Wyeth]
|-
|Conjugated estrogen
|Cenestin™
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/HC/HCDrugClass/0,4055,34-19,00.html Duramed]
|-
|Esterified estrogens
|Estratab®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.solvay.com/ Solvay]
|-
|Esterified estrogens
|Menesta
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monarchpharm.com%2Findex.cgi%3FCONTEXT%3Dpoalph%26BISKIT%3D95434236815619&ei=bfO_Rpz8Io66sgK63ZS5CA&usg=AFQjCNEFn9uNNf941eVdhDU28dKL-77PGA&sig2=TS_t-tguidki-FvhYmkiMA Monarch]
|-
|Estradiol Transdermal System
|Menostar
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.menostar-us.com/HCP/index.html Bayer]
|-
|Estradiol Transdermal System
|Vivelle Dot
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.noven.com/PR052002.htm Noven]
|-
|Estradiol
|Estrace®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.bms.com/landing/data/index.html Bristol-Myers Squibb]
|-
|Estradiol
|Gynodiol
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novavax.com/ Novavax]
|-
|Tibolone
|Livifem
| 
|Postmenopausal
| 
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Calcitonin'''
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Injection
|Miacalcin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novartis.com/ Novartis]
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray
|Miacalcin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novartis.com/ Novartis]
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray
|Fortical®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
| 
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Bone Forming Drugs'''
|-
|Teripratide
|Forteo®
|Approved by US
|Osteoporosis
|[http://www.pfizer.com/home/ Pfizer]
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Drugs with Complex Mechanisms of Action'''
|-
|Strontium Ranelate
|Protelos
|Not approved in USA
|Postmenopausal osteoporosis
|[http://www.servier.com/pro/osteoporose/home_osteo.asp Servier]
|-
|Vitamin D
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Calcium
| 
|[http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/E6-22573.htm FDA is considering amending rules so that companies can now claim that calcium and Vitamin D in their food supplements can prevent osteoprorosis in all ages and both sexes]
| 
|FDA
|-
|}

===Product pipeline===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5" rowspan = "1" |'''Product Pipeline'''
|-
|colspan = "5"|
|-
|align = "center"|'''DRUG'''
|align = "center"|'''COMPANY'''
|align = "center"|'''DESCRIPTION'''
|align = "center"|'''STAGE'''
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''RANKL Inhibitors'''
|-
|align = "center"|Denosumab
|align = "center"|[http://www.alantos.com/investors/pipe.jsp/ Atlantos, Amgen]
|align = "center"|A monoclonal antibody
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Bisphosphonates'''
|-
|align = "center"|Minodronate (YM529)
|align = "center"|Astellas
|align = "center"|Nitrogen containing bisphosphonate
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Calcium Antagonist'''
|-
|align = "center"|423557
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/reps04/20F-2004.pdf Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|423562
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/reps04/20F-2004.pdf Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Calcilytics (751689)
|align = "center"|[http://www.npsp.com/drug_development/dd_calcilytics.php/ NPS and Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|Calcilytics antagonize calcium receptors on parathyroid glands resulting in a transient release of the body<nowiki>’</nowiki>s own stores of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
|align = "center"|1
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Parathyroid Hormone'''
|-
|align = "center"|768974
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf/ Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|Parathyroid Hormone Agonist
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Preos (rDNA origin)
|align = "center"|[http://www.npsp.com/drug_development/dd_calcilytics.php NPS]
|align = "center"|Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone
|align = "center"|Registration Filed
|-
|align = "center"|PTH1-34
|align = "center"|[http://www.nastech.com/nastech/pipeline/ Nastech]
|align = "center"|Intranasal Parathyroid hormone
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|
|-
|align = "center"|PTH1-34
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_pp.asp Novartis, Emisphere]
|align = "center"|Oral Parathyroid hormone
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|
|-
|align = "center"|PTH Analogs
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Cathepsin k Inhibitor'''
|-
|align = "center"|Relacatib (SB-462795)
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf/ GlaxoSmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|AAE581
|align = "center"|[http://www.asbmr.org/news/press_releases/2005/royrelease.cfm Novartis]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|MK-0822
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/annualreport/ar2006/pipeline.html/ Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Merck]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators'''
|-
|align = "center"|Bazedoxifene
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/search?term=bazedoxifene&submit=Search/ Wyeth, Ligand]
|align = "center"|A Third-Generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Lasofoxifene (Oporia)
|align = "center"|[http://www.ligand.com/collaborations.php#Leading/ Pfizer,Ligand]
|align = "center"|A Third-Generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|NDA
|-
|align = "center"|Arzoxifene
|align = "center"|[http://www.lillytrials.com/ Eli lilly]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Taromifene (Fareston)
|align = "center"|[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1550783 Orion]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Calcitonin'''
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[http://www.nastech.com/nastech/pipeline/ Nastech]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|NDA
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"|Nasal
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin (SMC 021)
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_osc.asp Novartis, Emisphere, Nordic]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.sbtdc.org/technology/sbir/nobex.pdf Nobex (Biocon)]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|3
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Vitamin D'''
|-
|align = "center"|ED 71
|align = "center"|[http://www.chugai-pharm.co.jp/english/ir/pipeline/index.html<nowiki> </nowiki>Bone/ Chugai]
|align = "center"|Activted Vitamin D derivative
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)
|align = "center"|[http://www.centerwatch.com/patient/drugs/dru614.html Bone Care Int.]
|align = "center"|Synthetic Vitamin D
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Nitrates: Research is going on to determine if nitrates can prevent osteoporosis in women.'''
|-
|align = "center"|Isosorbide mononitrate
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/ St. Michael<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Hospital, Toronto]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Nitroglycerine
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00252421 Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|HCT 1026 (NO releasing Derivative of NSAIDs)
|align = "center"|[http://www.centerwatch.com/bookstore/nmt/nmtb_osteoporosis.pdf NicOx SA]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM)'''
|-
|align = "center"|LGD-2941
|align = "center"|[http://investors.ligand.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=258992 Ligand, TAP]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|LGD-3303
|align = "center"|[http://www.ligand.com/research.php Ligand, TAP]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Ostarine
|align = "center"|[http://www.gtxinc.com/tech/pipeline.htm GTx]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center"|Intermittent Versus Continuous Androgen Suppression
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00228124?order=111/ Ontario Cancer Research Network]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5"|
|-
|align = "center"|Mk 0733
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/annualreport/ar2006/pipeline.html Merck]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|TH0229
|align = "center"|Theratechnologies
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|c-8500
|align = "center"|Merck
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|c-3578
|align = "center"|Merck
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|apomorphine
|align = "center"|Ilex Oncology
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Genistein
|align = "center"|[http://www.newsrx.com/newsletters/Drug-Law-Weekly/2007-07-10/2207102007866DL.html<nowiki> </nowiki> Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] 
|align = "center"|isoflavones have been shown to interact with animal and human estrogen receptors, causing effects in the body similar to those caused by the hormone estrogen.
|align = "center"|Available
|-
|align = "center"|Soy estrogens
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00076050?order=61/ (NIAMS)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Hesperidin
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00330096?order=51/ Nestle clinical nutrition]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Davallia Divaricata
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00154609?order=63/ National Taiwan University Hospital]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Atorvaststin
|align = "center"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00120133?order=9}]
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Potassium citrate
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00357331?order=56/ Weill Medical College of Cornell University]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|4
|-
|align = "center"|Phosphorus
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00074711?order=60/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|}

===Devices===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|[http://www.hiprotector.com/wkit.html Hip Protector]
|Hip pads with special underwear with pockets
| 
|Children<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Mercy Hospital Kansas City
| 
|-
|}

==Market Information==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "10"|Prescription Trends in USA
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "10"|Source: Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1525-1530
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|'''1988'''
|align = "center"|'''1990'''
|align = "center"|'''1992'''
|align = "center"|'''1994'''
|align = "center"|'''1996'''
|align = "center"|'''1998'''
|align = "center"|'''2000'''
|align = "center"|'''2002'''
|align = "center"|'''2003'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Patients (Millions)'''
|align = "center"|NA
|align = "center"|0.6
|align = "center"|0.6
|align = "center"|0.5
|align = "center"|1.2
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|2.6
|align = "center"|2.8
|align = "center"|3.6
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "10"|'''Drugs Prescribed %'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Bisphosphonates (total)'''
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|48
|align = "center"|49
|align = "center"|54
|align = "center"|71
|align = "center"|73
|-
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|45
|align = "center"|47
|align = "center"|48
|align = "center"|53
|align = "center"|51
|-
|align = "center"|Risedronate
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|22
|-
|align = "center"|Etidronate
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|-
|align = "center"|'''Calcium'''
|align = "center"|39
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|43
|align = "center"|31
|align = "center"|26
|align = "center"|29
|align = "center"|26
|align = "center"|24
|-
|align = "center"|'''Calcitonins'''
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|16
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|7
|align = "center"|5
|-
|align = "center"|'''Estrogens'''
|align = "center"|35
|align = "center"|25
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|27
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|8
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|'''SERMs'''
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|12
|-
|}
==Clinical Trials==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Trial No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Condition'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Description'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Intervention'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Therapy'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Route of admn'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Sponsors & Collaborators'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Phase'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Date'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00405392?order=13 Investigate Patient Preference On Dosing In Ibandronate And Risedronate in korean women ]
|align = "center"| Ibandronate
|align = "center"| Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis Osteopenia
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00145977?order=14 Texture Analysis for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|University of Chicago
|align = "center"| -
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00471237?order=18 A Phase II Study Evaluating SB-751689 in Post-Menopausal Women With Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|SB-751689
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "center"|Phase II
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00432692?order=15 Fall prevention program ]
|align = "center"|Procedure
| -
| -
|align = "center"|Sint Maartenskliniek ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|Apr-07
|-
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis Osteopenia
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00491920?order=16 High Dosage Vitamin D and Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Cholecalciferol
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|University Hospital of North Norway
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|6
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00479037?order=19 Effect of PTH(1-84)or Strontium Ranelate on Bone Formation Measured by Bone Markers]
|align = "center"|Parathyronine hormone
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Nycomed
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|7
|align = "center"|Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00493532?order=20 A Study of Quarterly Intravenous Bonviva (Ibandronate) in Women With Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|ibandronate <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bonviva/Boniva<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center"|8
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00414973?order=22 A Study for Patients With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|1.Salmon Calcitonin 2.Teriparatide
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Nose/intravenous
|align = "center"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00404820?order=24 Safety/Efficacy of Zoledronic Acid and Alendronate on Bone Metabolism in Post Menopausal Women With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Zoledronic acid and alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Novartis
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00439647?order=26 Efficacy in Reducing Fractures and Safety of Zoledronic Acid in Men With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|zoledronic acid
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Novartis
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center"|11
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00154609?order=27 Davallia Divaricata BL: The Use of Traditional Chinese Native Medicine for Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Gu-Sui-Bu (Davallia Divaricata)
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|National Taiwan University Hospital
|align = "center"| Phase I
|align = "center"|Jan-07
|-
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00489918?order=44 Dose Ranging Study - Macroflux PTH in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Macroflux PTH
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"|The Macroflux Corporation
|align = "center"|Phase II
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00391404?order=41 Fosamax for Childhood Cancer Survivors]
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Chinese University of Hong Kong
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Oct-06
|-
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00365456?order=40 This study is currently recruiting patients.]
|align = "center"|Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"| Nycomed
|align = "center"| -
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00421343?order=38 This study is currently recruiting patients.]
|align = "center"|Alendronate with cholecalciferol and Os-Cal with extra D
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|National Institute on Aging (NIA),Glaxosmithkline
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|16
|align = "center"|Primary Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00447915?order=32 Phase II/III Clinical Study of R484iv (Ibandronic Acid) for Primary Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Ibandronic acid
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| Chugai Pharmaceutical
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Back pain and Spinal Fracture
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00343252?order=37 Effect of Teriparatide Compared to Risedronate on Back Pain in Women With a Spine Fracture Caused by Osteoporosis]
|Teriparatide and risedronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral/Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center"|18
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00493623?order=50 BONDIR Study: A Study of Intravenous Bonviva (Ibandronate) After Recent Vertebral Osteoporotic Fracture in Patients With Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|Ibandronate <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bonviva/Boniva<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|}

==Intellectual Property==
===Search strategy===
* '''Database/Vendor''': Micropat
* '''Search scope''': US Granted US Applications EP-A EP-B WO JP (bibliographic data only) DE-C,B DE-A DE-T DE-U GB-A FR-A; '''Claims'''
* '''Years''': Issue/Publication Date: >20051231
* '''Search String''': ((Osteoporosis OR (bone Near3 regeneration)) AND (treatment))
* '''Hits''': 1261/982 patents (with/with out family members)
* '''Date of search''': 14th September 2007

===Top players and IPC classes===

[[Image:Top players and IPC.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

===Geographical Distribution and Treatment Approaches===
[[Image:Osteoporosis -geographical.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

===IP activity and Treatment Approaches===
* Decline in the IP activity during 2005 and 2006 is due 18 months publication delay of patent document.
[[Image:Osteoporosis -year approach.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

==Conferences==
[http://www.chinamed.com.cn/icobr2008/html/WelcomeAddress.html International Conference on Osteoporosis and Bone Research to be held on Oct 15-18, 2008 in Beijing, China.]

[http://www.iofbonehealth.org/wco/2008/homepage.html 2008 IOF World Congress on Osteoporosis to be held on December 2-7, 2008 in Bangkok, Thailand]

[http://www.oarsi.org/meetings/07Congress/index.cfm 2007 World Congress on Osteoarthritis, being held December 6 - 9, 2007 at the Marriott Harbor Beach Resort & Spa in fabulous Ft. Lauderdale, Florida!]

Oral Diabetes Drugs

2007-09-14T17:19:10Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Geographical Distribution and Treatment Approaches */

Diabetes is a disease caused by high levels of blood glucose resulting from improper production of insulin or action of insulin.

* '''Type 1''': In this Diabetes, the cells that make the hormone insulin regulate the blood glucose are destroyed by the body immune system. This is also called as juvenile onset diabetes as it occurs mainly in children and young adults. 5%-10% of all the cases of diabetes have Type I diabetes. Clinical trials are being pursued and planned to prevent type I diabetes. This is also called as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM).
* '''Type 2''': In this case, either the cells do not use insulin properly or the body does not produce enough insulin. 90% - 95% of the diabetics have Type 2 diabetes. This type of disease is also called as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and is mainly observed in people with old age, obese, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity and race/ethnicity.
* '''Gestational Diabetes''': Increase in the levels of blood sugar during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes.

==Incidence and prevalence==
===Incidence===
In year 2004, diabetes ( Both type I and type II ) was diagnosed in 1.4 million adults between the age of 18-79 years (Figure 1). The incidence of diabetes was lower in adults having an age between 18-44 years compared to other groups (Figure 2). From 1997 through 2004, the age adjusted incidence of diagnosed diabetes ( Both type I and type II )increased by 35% among men and 46% among women (Figure 3).

[[Image:Number in thousands vs Year.jpg|left|250 px|thumb|Figure 1. Annual number (in thousands) of new cases of diagnosed diabetes among adults aged 18-79 years, in United States from 1997-2004. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig1.htm Source]]]

[[Image: Rate per 1000 vs gender.gif|right|250 px|thumb|
Figure 3. Gender based incidence of diagnosed diabetes per 1000 population aged from 18-79 years in U.S. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig4.htm Source]]]

[[Image: Rate per 1000 vs Year.jpg|center|250 px|thumb|Figure 2. Incidence of diagnosed diabetes per 1000 population aged 18-79 years, by age in U.S from 1997 to 2004. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig3.htm Source]]].

*The following table attempts to extrapolate the incidence rate for Diabetes( both type I and type II ) to the populations of various countries and regions.[http://cureresearch.com/d/diabetes/stats-country.htm Cure reasearch, Statistics by Country for Diabetes]
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="86%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|''' S.NO'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Country/Region'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Extrapolated incidence'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
| USA
|861,533
|-
|align = "center"|2
|Canada
|95,372
|-
|align = "center"|3
|Europe
|1,474,002
|-
|align = "center"|4
|Asia
|10,063,645
|-
|align = "center"|5
|Africa
|1,290,255
|-
|align = "center"|6
|Middle east
|1,055,809
|-
|align = "center"|7
|Australia and Southern Pacific
|70,138
|-
|}

===Prevalence===
The prevalence of diabetes( Both type I and type II ) in U.S. during the years 1980 to 2005, increased from 5.6 million to 15.8 million (Figure 4). Especially people aged from 65 to 74 had the highest prevalence compared to other age groups (Figure 5). The prevalence of the disease was similar in both men and women till the year 1998 but from 1999, the prevalence of the disease increased highly in men compared to females (Figure 6).

[[Image:Number vs Year.jpg|left|250 px|thumb|Figure 4. Number (millions) of persons with diagnosed diabetes from year 1980 to 2005 in United States. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figpersons.htm Source]]]

[[Image:Rate_per_100_vs_Age.jpg|right|250 px|thumb|Figure 5. Age dependent Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in United States from year 1980 to 2005. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figbyage.htm Source]]]

[[Image:Rate per 100 vs Year.jpg|center|250 px|thumb|Figure 6. Gender dependent Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in United States from year 1980 to 2005. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figbysex.htm Source]]].
*The following table attempts to extrapolate the prevalence rate for Diabetes( both type I and type II ) to the populations of various countries and regions.[http://cureresearch.com/d/diabetes/stats-country.htm Cure reasearch, Statistics by Country for Diabetes].
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="86%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|''' S.NO'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Country/Region'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Extrapolated Prevalence'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
| USA
|17,273,847
|-
|align = "center"|2
|Canada
|1,912,227
|-
|align = "center"|3
|Europe
|33,882,009
|-
|align = "center"|4
|Asia
|201,777,550
|-
|align = "center"|5
|Africa
|25,393,535
|-
|align = "center"|6
|Middle east
|21,169,243
|-
|align = "center"|7
|Australia and Southern Pacific
|1,406,291
|-
|}

==Market Overview==
* The Insulin market in 2006 was largely dominated by two players, Novo Nordisk of Denmark and Eli Lilly of USA.
* India and China are emerging as the most potential future markets for insulin delivery devices.
* Growing at a CAGR of 14.09%, global insulin market will reach US$ 14.5 Billion by 2010 from US$ 7.5 Billion in 2005.
* Over 60% of the insulin sold in 2006 was sold in pen devices.
* Insulin pen devices dominate the market in Europe and Japan whereas syringes and pumps dominate the US market.
* There was a big improvement in the global diabetes market for innovation particularly in the field of non-invasive methods of insulin delivery, including inhalable, oral and patch technology. [http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1491639&g=1 Source]
* There are 3 key new OAD classes; PPAR agonists, GLP-1 agonists/DPP IV inhibitors, and amlinomimetic agents. High forecasted sales are anticipated in 2011 for the GLP-1 agonist Exenatide LAR and the DPP-IV inhibitor Galvus at $2,902.9m and $1,228.7m, respectively. [http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1286835&g=1 Source]

[[Image:Diabetic market data.jpeg|thumb|center|800 px|]]

A. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0159m.pdf Competitive dynamics of the leading players in the global diabetes market, 2005]
B. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0159m.pdf Global diabetes market share by geography, 2005]]
C. [http://www.bccresearch.com/editors/RB-158.html Worldwide Diabetes Market, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2007]
D. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0126m.PDF Global* market share of leading insulins (%), 1999-2003]

==Product Information==

[[Image:diabetes4.jpg|800 px|center|thumb| Overall categorization of diabetes treatments]]

===Products: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00" colspan = "4"|Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Brand'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Company'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Availability'''
|-
|colspan = "4" | '''Sulfonylureas'''
|-
|'''First Generation'''
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Acetohexomide
|Dymelor
|Eli Lilly
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Chlorpropamide, Tolazamide
|Diabenase
|Pfizer
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|'''Second Generation'''
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
|Diabeta
|Aventis
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
|Micronase
|Pharmacia
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
|Glynase
|Pharmacia
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Glypizide
|Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL
|Pfizer
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|'''Third Generation'''
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Glimepride
|Amaryl
|Aventis
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Meglitnides'''
|-
|Repaglinide
|Prandin
|Novo Nordisk
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Nateglinide
|Sralix
|Novartis
|US,UK, J
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Biguanides'''
|-
|Metfromin
|Glucophage, Glucophage XR
|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|US
|-
|Metfromin
| 
| 
| 
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Thiazolidinediones'''
|-
|Rosiglitazone
|Avandia
|Glaxosmithkline
|US, G, UK
|-
|Pioglitazone
|Actos
|Takeda/ Eli Lilly
|US, UK, G, S, J
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Alfa-Glucosidase Inhibitors'''
|-
|Acarbose
|Precose
|Bayer
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Miglitol
|Glyset
|Pharmacia
|US, F, G, S
|-
|Voglibose
|Basen, Volix, Vogseal
|Ranbaxy, Nihon Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd
|I, J
|-
|colspan = "4"|'''Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor'''
|-
|Sitgliptin
|Januvia
|Merck
|US
|-
|}

===Products: Fixed Drug Combinations===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|'''Fixed Drug Combinations'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Brand Name'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug 1'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug 2'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Company'''
|-
|Metaglip
|Glipizide
|Metformin
|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|-
|Duetact
|Glimepiride
|Pioglitazone
|Takeda
|-
|Avandaryl
|Glimepiride
|Rosiglitazone
|GlaxoSmithKline
|-
|ACTOSPlusMet
|Pioglitazone
|Metformin
|Takeda
|-
|Avandamet
|Rosiglitazone
|Metformin
|GlaxoSmithKline
|-
|Janumet
|Sitgliptin
|Metformin
|Merck
|-
|}

===Product pipeline===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3" |'''Product Pipeline'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Drug'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Stage'''

|-
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitor ''':DPP-IV inactivates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an important mediator of blood glucose levels following meals. DPP-IV inhibitors have been clinically shown to provide long term improvement of glucose control without the risk of hypoglycemia, and to improve the function of pancreatic beta cells, the cells responsible for the production of insulin.

|-
|align = "center"|ALS 2-0426
|align = "center"|[http://www.amgen.com/investors/pipe.jsp Alantos Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Servier]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|PSN9301
|align = "center"|[http://www.osip.com/PSN9301 OSI]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|SYR-322
|align = "center"|[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0RSB/is_2006_Jan_21/ai_n16017480 Takeda]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|R1579
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|vildagliptin (Galvus)
|align = "center"|[http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/newsroom/pressReleases/releaseDetail.jsp?PRID=1984 novartis]
|align = "center"|NDA submitted in March 2006

|-
|align = "center"|MP-513
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki> DPP IV Inhibitor
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Saxagliptin
|align = "center"|[http://www.bms.com/research/content/data/pipeline.html Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Bristol-Myers Squibb]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Insulin sensitizer'''

|-
|align = "center"|MBX 102
|align = "center"|[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/26017.php Metabolex]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|MBX-2044
|align = "center"|[http://www.metabolex.com/pipeline.html Metabolex]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|ISIS 113715
|align = "center"|[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|NCX 4016
|align = "center"|[http://www.nicox.com/update/NCX_4016.html NicOx]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Cholebine
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|DG070 inhibitors
|align = "center"|[http://www.develogen.com/en/prod_pipeline.php?hnav=2&tnav=0 Develogen AG]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|align = "center"|NovoNorm®/Metformin
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=6 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''GLP 1 Analogue / Agonists'''

|-
|align = "center"|TH0318
|align = "center"|[http://www.drugresearcher.com/news/ng.asp?id=58974-new-diabetic-drug Theratechnolgies]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Liraglutide (NN2211)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=4 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|R1583
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Oral GLP
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/product_pipeline.asp Emisphere Technologies]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|PC-DAC™:Exendin-4
|align = "center"|[http://conjuchem.hyphenhealth.com/ ConjuChem]
|align = "center"|2

|-
| 
|align = "center"|[http://www.bms.com/research/content/data/pipeline.html Bristol-Myers Squibb ]
|align = "center"|Exploratory development

|-
|align = "center"|AVE0001A
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki>GLP 1 Agonist
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonist/analogue'''

|-
|align = "center"|AVE8134
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|AVE0897
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|R1439, aleglitazar
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|AVE0847
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|SAR351034
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|align = "center"|376501
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|625019
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|677954
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Avandia
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Avandia XR
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|PPAR Gamma Agonist <nowiki>+</nowiki> simvaststin
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|MCC-555, Netoglitazone
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma, Novartis]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|align = "center"|Muraglitzar
|align = "center"|[http://www.drugs.com/nda/muraglitazar_041223.html Bristol-Myers Squibb ]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Oral glucokinase activator (GKA)'''

|-
|align = "center"|PSN010
|align = "center"|[http://www.osip.com/PSN010 OSI]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|R1511
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''G protein-coupled Receptor(GPR) 119 Agonist'''

|-
|align = "center"|PSN821
|align = "center"|[http://www.osip.com/PSN010 OSI]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist'''

|-
|align = "center"|Solabegron (GW427353)
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00401479?order=1 Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Antisense drug for Glucagon Receptor (GCGR)'''

|-
|align = "center"|ISIS 325568
|align = "center"|[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|ISIS 377131
|align = "center"|[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|colspan = "3"|''' Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"|AVE2268
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|SAR 7226
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|align = "center"|189075
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00401479?order=1 Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist'''

|-
|align = "center"|Perzinfotel
|align = "center"|Wyeth
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Growth hormone releasing analogue'''

|-
|align = "center"|TH 9507
|align = "center"|[http://www.theratech.com/en/products-therapeutic-peptides/pipeline.php Theratechnolgies]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Aldolase reductase inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"|SNK-860, fidarestat
|align = "center"|[http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/reprint/24/10/1776.pdf Sankyo]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Neurotrophin Enhancer'''

|-
|align = "center"|MCC-257
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Nitric oxide (NO) blocking agent'''

|-
|align = "center"|NOX-700
|align = "center"|[http://www.medinox.com/news/press.htm Medinox]
|align = "center"|1 staretd in 2002

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Antibody'''

|-
|align = "center"|TRX4
|align = "center"|[http://www.btgplc.com/PartneredDevelopment/240/TRX4.html BTG]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD1) inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"|AMG 221
|align = "center"|[http://wwwext.amgen.com/science/pipe_AMG221.html Amgen]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB, also named hnRNP) inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|Serono
|align = "center"|1
|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Insulin Like Growth Factor 1'''
|-
|-
|align = "center"|IPLEX
|align = "center"|Glen Allen
|align = "center"|Orphan Drug Status
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3"|'''Miscellaneous'''

|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[http://www.metabolex.com/pipeline.html Metabolex]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|MBX-8025
|align = "center"|[http://www.metabolex.com/MBX-8025.html Metabolex]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Nateglinide with insulin sensitizers
|align = "center"|[http://www.astellas.com/global/about/news/2006/pdf/061130_eg.pdf Astellas pharmas]
|align = "center"|SNDA Filed

|-
|align = "center"|Nateglinide with biguanides
|align = "center"|[http://www.astellas.com/global/about/news/2006/pdf/061130_eg.pdf Astellas pharmas]
|align = "center"|SNDA Filed

|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 

|-
|align = "center"|869682
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00291356?order=2 Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|815541
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|625019
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|189075
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|677954
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|PPM-204
|align = "center"|[http://www.wyeth.com/research/pipeline Wyeth]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|CS-011 (Roviglitazone)
|align = "center"|Sankyo
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|ACOMPLIA®( Rimonabant*)
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|CS-917
|align = "center"|Sankyo
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|R 1499
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|R1438
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|R483
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|R1440
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|PSN 357
|align = "center"|OSI
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|NBI 6024
|align = "center"|Neurocrine Biosciences
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|CS-917
|align = "center"|[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/index.html metabasis, Daiichi Sankyo]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|MB07803
|align = "center"|[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/index.html metabasis, Daiichi Sankyo]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|AMPK Project
|align = "center"|[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/index.html metabasis, Daiichi Sankyo]
|align = "center"|Discovery

|-
|align = "center"|MK 0941
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|MK 1642
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Mk 0533
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|MK0893
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Arxxant (ruboxistaurin)
|align = "center"|[http://investor.lilly.com/pipeline.cfm Eli Lilly]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|11 B- HSD 1
|align = "center"|[http://www.biovitrum.com/upload/images/R&D/Projectportfolio_June_2007.pdf Biovitrum, Amgen]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki> Metformin
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|AMG 837
|align = "center"|[http://wwwext.amgen.com/science/pipe_AMG221.html Amgen]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Darbepoetin alfa
|align = "center"|[http://wwwext.amgen.com/science/pipe_AMG221.html Amgen]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|Smylin(Amylin analogue)
|align = "center"|[http://www.amylin.com/pipeline/symlin.cfm Amylin]
|align = "center"|4

|-
|align = "center"|Exenatide LAR
|align = "center"|[http://www.amylin.com/pipeline/symlin.cfm Amylin]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|DG770 (beta cell regeneration factor)
|align = "center"|[http://www.develogen.com/en/prod_pipeline.php?hnav=2&tnav=0 Develogen AG]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|E1 INT (Islet regeneration)
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Mecasermin rinfabate (IPLEX) (IGF 1 and 2)
|align = "center"|[http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/InfoSheets/patient/mecasermin_rinfabatePIS.htm Insmed]
|align = "center"|Approved in 2005

|-
|align = "center"|Orlistat (Xenical) (Lipase inhibitor)
|align = "center"|[http://www.xenical.com/xen_do_home.asp Roche]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3"|'''Insulins'''

|-
|align = "center"|Oral Insulin
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_oi.asp Emisphere Technologies]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Technosphere
|align = "center"|[http://www.mannkindcorp.com/technosphere_insulin.aspx Mannkind corporation]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|NN344 (Insulin analogue)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=18 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|NN5401(Insulin analogue)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=19 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|AERx® iDMS (Insulin Inhalation system)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=5 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|Inhaled insulin
|align = "center"|Bristol Meyers Squibb
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Inhaled insulin
|align = "center"|[http://investor.lilly.com/pipeline.cfm Eli Lilly]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Exubera (Inhaled insulin)
|align = "center"|[http://www.pfizer.com/research/cardiovascular_condition.jsp Pfizer]
|align = "center"|4

|-
|align = "center"|Oal Lyn (Inhaled insulin)
|align = "center"|[http://www.generex.com/products/oral-lyn/ http://www.generex.com/products/oral-lyn/]
|align = "center"|Approved in Ecuador

|-
|align = "center"|Nasulin
|align = "center"|[http://www.bentleypharm.com/other/pipeline Bentley]
|align = "center"|2

|}

==Intellectual Property==
===Search strategy===
* '''Database/Vendor:''' Micropat
* '''Search scope:''' US Granted US Applications EP-A EP-B WO JP (bibliographic data only) DE-C,B DE-A DE-T DE-U GB-A FR-A; '''English Title'''
* '''Years:''' '''Issue/Publication Date:''' >20051231
* '''Search String:''' (Diabetes OR diabetic) AND (treatment OR treating)
* '''Hits:''' 618/217 patents (with/with out family members)
* '''Date of search:''' 11 July 2007

===Top players and IPC classes===

[[Image:Diabetes- top players.jpeg|center|850 px|]]

====IPC code definition====

{|border="0" cellspacing="1" width="80%"
|'''A61K'''
|Preparations for medical, dental, or toilet purposes
|-
|'''C07D'''
|Heterocyclic compounds
|-
|'''C07K'''
|Peptides
|-
|'''C12N'''
|Micro-organisms or enzymes; compositions thereof
|-
|'''C12Q'''
|Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms (immunoassay); compositions or test papers therefor; processes of preparing such compositions; condition-responsive control in microbiological or enzymological processes
|-
|}

===Geographical Distribution and Treatment Approaches===

[[Image:Diabetes -geographical.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

===IP activity and Treatment Approaches===
* Decline in the IP activity during 2005 and 2006 is due 18 months publication delay of patent document.
[[Image:Diabetes -year approach.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

==Clinical Trials==
===Approved/On-going===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5"|'''Clinical trials'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Drug'''
|align = "center"|'''Sponsors'''
|align = "center"|'''Description'''
|align = "center"|'''Phase'''
|align = "center"|'''Date of Start'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Oral Drugs'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Cannabinoid receptor antagonist'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00478595?order=1 Rimonabant]
|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis
|align = "justify"|The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of SR141716 (rimonabant) compared to placebo on change in HbA1c and on relative change in body weight over 52 weeks in obese type 2 diabetic patients on monotherapy inadequately controlled with oral anti-diabetic drug (sulfonylurea or ?-glucosidase inhibitor).
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Insulin Sensitisers'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00353587?order=24 Metaglidasen]
|align = "justify"|Metabolex
|align = "justify"|
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Thioglitazone'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00386100?order=1 Rosiglitazone maleate/metformin hydrochloride (AVANDAMET)]
|align = "justify"|GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "justify"|This study will evaluate the longer-term glycemic effect of two medicines approved for initial treatment of type 2 diabetes.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Oct-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00515632?order=8 Balaglitazone]
|align = "justify"|Rheoscience A/S
|align = "justify"|Balaglitazone is a thiazolidinedione derivative that is being developed as an oral anti-diabetic drug to improve blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to assess if additional treatment with balaglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes on stable insulin treatment will improve blood glucose control and decrease the daily insulin dose, but with less impact on weight gain and oedema.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''(DPP-4) inhibitor'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00351884?order=18 Vildagliptin]
|align = "justify"|Novartis
|align = "justify"|This is a 24-week study to assess the efficacy on HbA1c of 100 mg vildagliptin once daily as compared to placebo as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controllled with metformin.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Insulin'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00419562?order=1 Oral Insulin]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK, NICHD, NIAID, NICR, ADA, JDRF
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Potassium Channel Blocker'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00131755?order=1 Diazoxide]
|align = "justify"|Grill, Valdemar, M.D.
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to find out if Diazoxide can partly retain insulin production in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Feb-05
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Nutritional Agents'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00117026?order=1 Benfotiamine (Vitamin B1)]
|align = "justify"|University Hospital, Aker, The Research Council of Norway
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|1, 2
|align = "center"|Aug-05
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00333554?order=1 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| June 2006
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00400491?order=1 Vitamin D]
|align = "justify"|University of Tromso
|align = "justify"|The purpose of the study is to evaluate if supplementation with vitamin D in a dose of 40.000 IU per week will result in improved metablic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Jun-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00351234?order=25 Carnitine Supplementation]
|align = "justify"|Children<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Mercy Hospital Kansas City,Sigma Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Minimed Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacia/Upjohn Career Development Award
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine whether type I diabetics with carnitine deficiency exhibit increased numbers of hypoglycemic (low blood sugars) events and if unrecognized hypoglycemia occurs during continuous 72-hour glucose monitoring. If they are determined to have unrecognized hypoglycemia, then oral carnitine supplementation will be given to those subjects and they will be reassessed for the number of hypoglycemic events in a 72-hour glucose monitoring.
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|Oct-04
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Antiinflammatory'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00339833?order=63 Salsalate]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK,National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
|align = "justify"|This study, conducted at the Phoenix Indian Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, will determine whether reducing subclinical inflammation lessens insulin resistance in healthy, obese volunteers.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Mar-03
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Angiotensin (AT 2) Antagonist/blocker'''
|-
|align = "justify"| Olmesartan
|align = "justify"|Daiichi Sankyo Inc
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Oct-04
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00422487?order=35 MBX-2044]
|align = "justify"|Metabolex
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to collect important information regarding the glucose-lowering efficacy of MBX-2044 and the safety of MBX-2044 (especially weight gain and edema) in diabetics. It will also provide important information about the appropriate doses to be used in subsequent longer-term studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MBX-2044 alone and in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Oct-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00473525?order=39 PF-00734200]
|align = "justify"|Pfizer
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this Phase 2a study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability, of multiple parallel doses of PF-00734200 following oral administration to adult human subjects with T2DM who currently are on a stable dose of metformin.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00391196?order=41 CP-945,598]
|align = "justify"|Pfizer
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine if CP-945,598 is effective in the treatment of obesity in type 2 diabetic patients
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Nov-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00147745?order=46 WelChol® (colesevelam)]
|align = "justify"|Daiichi Sankyo Inc
|align = "justify"|This study is designed to assess the potential mechanism of action by which WelChol® (colesevelam) may improve blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|May-05
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00461006?order=61 Aleglitazar and Actos®]
|align = "justify"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "justify"|This study will compare the effects of aleglitazar and Actos®, added to preexisting oral antihyperglycemic therapy and/or diet and exercise, on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes, and normal or mildly impaired renal function.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| June 2007
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00328172?order=67 BI 1356 BS]
|align = "justify"|Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals
|align = "justify"|The objective of this monotherapy study is to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 3 doses of BI 1356 BS compared to placebo over 12 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and insufficient control of thier blood glucose. In addition, there will be an open-label treatment arm with metformin. The hypothesis of the trial is that the test drug, BI 1356 BS will lead to better control of blood glucose compared to placebo after 12 weeks of treatment.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00357370?order=84 BMS-512148]
|align = "justify"|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this clinical research study is to learn if BMS-512148, added to insulin and one or two anti-diabetes medications (metformin and/or pioglitazone or rosiglitazone), can help reduce the blood sugar levels compared to insulin and one or two anti-diabetes medications (metformin and/or pioglitazone or rosiglitazone) alone, in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"| October 2006
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Parenteral routes'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Insulins'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00349986?order=3 Insuline glargine]
|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis
|align = "justify"|Purpose ogf this study is to determine rhe first dose and titration of basal insulin
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00360698?order=2 Basal Insulin Plus Insulin Glulisine]
|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis
|align = "justify"|To evaluate the efficacy of a single injection of glulisine before the main meal added to insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) compared to insulin glargine plus OADs in Type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with basal insulin plus OADs.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Jul-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00282971?order=10 Inhaled Insulin (Exubera)]
|align = "justify"|Pfizer
|align = "justify"|To assess the impact on glucose control by inhaled insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not well controlled on 2 or more oral anti-diabetic agents
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Mar-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00325364?order=1 Insulin Inhalation Powder]
|align = "justify"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "justify"|This is a phase 3, open-label, randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Lilly/Alkermes inhaled insulin system compared to injected pre-meal insulin in non-smoking patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients will be treated for 24 months with a 2-month follow-up period.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Apr-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00455858?order=51 Levemir]
|align = "justify"|Novo Nordisk
|align = "justify"|This trial aims for a comparison of the effect on glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes under both established Western algorithm and Korean practical algorithm, given in combination with oral diabetic drug(s)
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Aug-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00228878?order=69 Pulsatile IV Insulin]
|align = "justify"|Florida Atlantic University
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine if restoring normal metabolic function in patients with either type I or type II diabetes can improve the impact of the consequences of diabetic complications on the overall quality of life of diabetic patients. Patients are treated once a week with pulsatile intravenous insulin therapy mimicking normal insulin secretion.
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"|Mar-03
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Incretin Minetic'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00360334?order=9 Exenatide With Basal Insulin]
|align = "justify"|Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly
|align = "justify"|This is a phase 3 trial designed to compare the effects of twice daily exenatide plus oral antidiabetic agents (OADs) and once-daily insulin glargine plus OADs with respect to glycemic control, as measured by hemoglobin A1c, with minimum weight gain, in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on OADs.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Jun-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00456300?order=1 Exenatide]
|align = "justify"|Baylor College of Medicine, NIH
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to see if giving exenatide and insulin before a meal would lower blood sugars after the meal.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00434954?order=11 Exenatide Plus Metformin vs. Insulin Aspart Plus Metformin]
|align = "justify"|Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly
|align = "justify"|This study in Germany is designed to compare the effects of twice-daily exenatide plus metformin and twice-daily premixed human insulin aspart plus metformin with respect to glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c, combined with the percentage of patients with at least one treatment-emergent hypoglycemic episode. Patients will be treated with study therapy for approximately 26 weeks.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00451113?order=1 Sitigliptin]
|align = "justify"|Merck Frosst Canada Ltd, University of British Columbia
|align = "justify"|
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Nov-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Antibodies'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00129259?order=1 hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala)]
|align = "justify"|NIAID
|align = "justify"|hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala) is a man-made antibody that is commonly used to prevent organ rejection. The purpose of this study is determine whether hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala) can halt the progression of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Sep-05
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00279305?order=1 Anti-CD20 (rituximab)]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK, NICHD, NIAID, NICR, ADA, JDRF
|align = "justify"|This study will investigate the use of rituximab to see if it can help lower the number of immune B cells thereby preventing the destruction of any remaining insulin producing beta cells that remain at diagnosis.
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"|Dec-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Surgical'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00303134?order=1 Islet Cell Transplants]
|align = "justify"|Weill Medical College of Cornell University
|align = "justify"|
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|Aug-03
|-
|}

==Conferences==
* [http://www.keystonesymposia.org/Meetings/ViewMeetings.cfm?MeetingID=922 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Action and Resistance] at Breckenridge, Colorado from January 22 - 27, 2008
* [http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Professionals/Conferences_and_events/Annual-Professional-Conference-2008/ Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference 2008] at Glasgow from 05 Mar 2008 09:00 to 07 Mar 2008 17:00
* [http://www.conferencealerts.com/seeconf.mv?q=ca13a3h0 7th International Diabetes Federation Western Pacific Region Congress] at Wellington, New Zealand on 30 Mar 2008.
* [http://debussy.hon.ch/cgi-bin/confevent?aff2+CONF07692+Diabetes_Mellitus 1st International Conference on Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes] at Czech Republic during 27 Feb to 01 Mar 2008.
* [http://www.goingtomeet.com/conventions/details/5301 Discovery Strategies Conference: Modeling Human Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Rodents] at Us during Aug-05-2007.
* [http://www.goingtomeet.com/conventions/details/15113 7th International Conference for Clinical Endocrinology,Diabetes and Infertility] at Egypt during Sep-06-2007.
* [http://www.diabetes.ca/section_professionals/confindex.asp CDA/CSEM Professional Conference and Annual Meetings] at British Columbia during October 24-27, 2007.

===Conference Update: [http://www.diabetes.org/home.jsp American Diabetic Association 2007] ===
==== Conference highlights for Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ====

# [[Oral_Diabetes_Drugs#Products:_Oral_Hypoglycemic_Agents|Oral hypoglecemic agents]] and their role in diabetes treatment. The focus was the recent meta analysis published in [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/356/24/2457?ijkey=9288cc5edfcb35c1e7f1bd5d974d1169d64cea0b NEJM], showing increase CV mortality with Rosiglitazone. The panel consensus was that while awaiting more safety data, for now those patients who are tolerating Rosiglitazone should continue taking them, whereas newly diagnosed patients should try alternative treatment. Also all PPAR agonists should be treated as distinct entities rather than having class effect.
# 12 different [[Oral_Diabetes_Drugs#Products:_Oral_Hypoglycemic_Agents| diabetes products]] are in various stages of development, and there were about 55 abstracts talking about DPP–IV inhibitors. They are especially useful for:
#* The elderly
#* Those with renal insufficiency
#* Heart failure patients
#[http://www.amylin.com/pipeline/symlin.cfm Amyline] analogue (Pramlinitide) was combined with Insulin for treatment of Type 2 DM and results were favorable.
# Continuous glucose monitoring using implanted glucose sensors is a step forward in evolving technology. Yet it is still very expensive and best for highly trained patients on intensive insulin therapy.

Osteoporosis

2007-09-14T17:18:21Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* IP activity and Treatment Approaches */

==Summary==

* '''Definition''' :A systematic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, increase of bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.

'''Types of Osteoporosis & its causes'''

#'''Primary osteoporosis(Type I (postmenopausal) or Type II (senile) )''':
##''Type I (postmenopausal)'': Generally develops in women after menopause when the amount of estrogen in the body greatly decreases. This process leads to an increase in the resorption of bone (the bones loses substance).
##''Type II (senile)'': This involves a thinning of both the trabecular bone (the spongy bone inside of the hard cortical bone) and the hard cortical bone. This process often leads to hip and vertebral body (in the spine) fractures.
#'''Secondary osteoporosis''': Secondary osteoporosis has the same symptoms as primary osteoporosis. However, it occurs as a result of having certain medical conditions, such as hyperthyroidism or leukemia. It may also occur as a result of taking medications known to cause bone breakdown, such as oral or high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (if used for more than 6 months), too high a dose of thyroid replacement, or aromatase inhibitors (used to treat breast cancer).
#'''Osteogenesis imperfecta''': Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare form of osteoporosis that is present at birth. Osteogenesis imperfecta causes bones to break for no apparent reason.
#'''Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis''':Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis is rare. It occurs in children between the ages of 8 and 14 or during times of rapid growth. There is no known cause for this type of osteoporosis, in which there is too little bone formation or excessive bone loss.

==Incidence and prevalence==
[[Image:Osteoporosis incidence.jpg|thumb|center|500px]]
===Incidence===
* 1 in 3 women over 50 will suffer a fracture due to osteoporosis; this increases to 1 in 2 over 60.
* 1 in 5 men over 50 will suffer a fracture due to osteoporosis; this increases to 1 in 3 over 60.
* Approximately 1.6 million hip fractures occur each year worldwide, the incidence is set to increase to 6.3 million by 2050.
* The highest risk of hip fractures are seen in Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Denmark and the USA.
* Currently, there is an increasing incidence of hip fractures in the developed cities in Asia. 1 out of 4 hip fractures occur in Asia and Latin America. This number of hip fractures will increase to 1 in 2 by 2050.
* In the Middle East, the burden of osteoporosis in the general population is expected to increase and is becoming a heavy financial burden.7
* The annual incidence rate of osteoporotic fractures in women is greater than the combined incidence rates of heart attack, stroke and breast cancer. ([[Media:Osteoporosis_factsheet.pdf|International osteoporosis foundation]])

===Prevalence===
*28 million Americans (10 million with osteoporosis; 18 million with low bone mass); eight million American women and 2 million men (NWHIC)(approx 1 in 9 or 10.29% or 28 million people in USA ).
*Total prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the middle- aged and elderly in China was 16. 1% in 2002. The prevalence rate among males was 11. 5% and among females was 19. 9%.
*Prevalence increase to 2.2 million in 2006 and 3 million in 2021 in Australia.
*The prevalence of Khon Kaen (Thai rural area) women has osteporosis in femoral neck and lumbar spine is 19.3% and 24.7% respectively. ([[Media:Osteoporosis_factsheet.pdf|International osteoporosis foundation]])

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''S.NO'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Country/Region'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Extrapolated Prevalence'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
|USA
|10 million cases (80% cases are women and 20% cases are men)
|-
|align = "center"|2
|Australia
|2.2 million
|-
|align = "center"|3
|Middle east
|18,603,593
|-
|align = "center"|4
|Africa
|47,233,590
|-
|align = "center"|5
|Asia
|359,862,754
|-
|align = "center"|6
|Europe
|80,590,570
|-
|}

==Product Information==
[[Image:osteoporosis.jpg|800 px|center|thumb| Overall categorization of osteoporosis treatments]]
===Products in market===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Generic'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Brand'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Current Status'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Type'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Company'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Antiresorptives'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Bisphosphonates'''
|-
|Alendronate
|FOSAMAX®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.merck.com/product/ Merck]
|-
|Risedronate
|Actonel®
|Approved by US/ES
|Postmenopausal
|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/ Sanofi-Aventis/Procter & Gamble]
|-
|Ibandronate
|Boniva™
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.roche.com/home.html Roche]
|-
|Etidronate
|Didronel
|Off Label
| 
|[http://www.pgpharma.com/consumer_didronel.shtml Proctor And Gamble]
|-
|Zoledronic Acid
|Aclasta
|Approved
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/80208.php Novartis]
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators'''
|-
|Raloxifene
|Evista®
|Approved by US
|Osteoporosis
|[http://www.lilly.com/ Eli lilly]
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Hormone Replacement Therapy'''
|-
|Conjugated estrogen
|Premarin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.wyeth.com/ Wyeth]
|-
|Conjugated estrogen
|Cenestin™
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/HC/HCDrugClass/0,4055,34-19,00.html Duramed]
|-
|Esterified estrogens
|Estratab®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.solvay.com/ Solvay]
|-
|Esterified estrogens
|Menesta
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monarchpharm.com%2Findex.cgi%3FCONTEXT%3Dpoalph%26BISKIT%3D95434236815619&ei=bfO_Rpz8Io66sgK63ZS5CA&usg=AFQjCNEFn9uNNf941eVdhDU28dKL-77PGA&sig2=TS_t-tguidki-FvhYmkiMA Monarch]
|-
|Estradiol Transdermal System
|Menostar
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.menostar-us.com/HCP/index.html Bayer]
|-
|Estradiol Transdermal System
|Vivelle Dot
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.noven.com/PR052002.htm Noven]
|-
|Estradiol
|Estrace®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.bms.com/landing/data/index.html Bristol-Myers Squibb]
|-
|Estradiol
|Gynodiol
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novavax.com/ Novavax]
|-
|Tibolone
|Livifem
| 
|Postmenopausal
| 
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Calcitonin'''
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Injection
|Miacalcin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novartis.com/ Novartis]
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray
|Miacalcin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novartis.com/ Novartis]
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray
|Fortical®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
| 
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Bone Forming Drugs'''
|-
|Teripratide
|Forteo®
|Approved by US
|Osteoporosis
|[http://www.pfizer.com/home/ Pfizer]
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Drugs with Complex Mechanisms of Action'''
|-
|Strontium Ranelate
|Protelos
|Not approved in USA
|Postmenopausal osteoporosis
|[http://www.servier.com/pro/osteoporose/home_osteo.asp Servier]
|-
|Vitamin D
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Calcium
| 
|[http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/E6-22573.htm FDA is considering amending rules so that companies can now claim that calcium and Vitamin D in their food supplements can prevent osteoprorosis in all ages and both sexes]
| 
|FDA
|-
|}

===Product pipeline===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5" rowspan = "1" |'''Product Pipeline'''
|-
|colspan = "5"|
|-
|align = "center"|'''DRUG'''
|align = "center"|'''COMPANY'''
|align = "center"|'''DESCRIPTION'''
|align = "center"|'''STAGE'''
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''RANKL Inhibitors'''
|-
|align = "center"|Denosumab
|align = "center"|[http://www.alantos.com/investors/pipe.jsp/ Atlantos, Amgen]
|align = "center"|A monoclonal antibody
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Bisphosphonates'''
|-
|align = "center"|Minodronate (YM529)
|align = "center"|Astellas
|align = "center"|Nitrogen containing bisphosphonate
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Calcium Antagonist'''
|-
|align = "center"|423557
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/reps04/20F-2004.pdf Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|423562
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/reps04/20F-2004.pdf Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Calcilytics (751689)
|align = "center"|[http://www.npsp.com/drug_development/dd_calcilytics.php/ NPS and Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|Calcilytics antagonize calcium receptors on parathyroid glands resulting in a transient release of the body<nowiki>’</nowiki>s own stores of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
|align = "center"|1
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Parathyroid Hormone'''
|-
|align = "center"|768974
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf/ Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|Parathyroid Hormone Agonist
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Preos (rDNA origin)
|align = "center"|[http://www.npsp.com/drug_development/dd_calcilytics.php NPS]
|align = "center"|Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone
|align = "center"|Registration Filed
|-
|align = "center"|PTH1-34
|align = "center"|[http://www.nastech.com/nastech/pipeline/ Nastech]
|align = "center"|Intranasal Parathyroid hormone
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|
|-
|align = "center"|PTH1-34
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_pp.asp Novartis, Emisphere]
|align = "center"|Oral Parathyroid hormone
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|
|-
|align = "center"|PTH Analogs
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Cathepsin k Inhibitor'''
|-
|align = "center"|Relacatib (SB-462795)
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf/ GlaxoSmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|AAE581
|align = "center"|[http://www.asbmr.org/news/press_releases/2005/royrelease.cfm Novartis]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|MK-0822
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/annualreport/ar2006/pipeline.html/ Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Merck]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators'''
|-
|align = "center"|Bazedoxifene
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/search?term=bazedoxifene&submit=Search/ Wyeth, Ligand]
|align = "center"|A Third-Generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Lasofoxifene (Oporia)
|align = "center"|[http://www.ligand.com/collaborations.php#Leading/ Pfizer,Ligand]
|align = "center"|A Third-Generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|NDA
|-
|align = "center"|Arzoxifene
|align = "center"|[http://www.lillytrials.com/ Eli lilly]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Taromifene (Fareston)
|align = "center"|[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1550783 Orion]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Calcitonin'''
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[http://www.nastech.com/nastech/pipeline/ Nastech]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|NDA
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"|Nasal
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin (SMC 021)
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_osc.asp Novartis, Emisphere, Nordic]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.sbtdc.org/technology/sbir/nobex.pdf Nobex (Biocon)]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|3
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Vitamin D'''
|-
|align = "center"|ED 71
|align = "center"|[http://www.chugai-pharm.co.jp/english/ir/pipeline/index.html<nowiki> </nowiki>Bone/ Chugai]
|align = "center"|Activted Vitamin D derivative
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)
|align = "center"|[http://www.centerwatch.com/patient/drugs/dru614.html Bone Care Int.]
|align = "center"|Synthetic Vitamin D
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Nitrates: Research is going on to determine if nitrates can prevent osteoporosis in women.'''
|-
|align = "center"|Isosorbide mononitrate
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/ St. Michael<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Hospital, Toronto]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Nitroglycerine
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00252421 Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|HCT 1026 (NO releasing Derivative of NSAIDs)
|align = "center"|[http://www.centerwatch.com/bookstore/nmt/nmtb_osteoporosis.pdf NicOx SA]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM)'''
|-
|align = "center"|LGD-2941
|align = "center"|[http://investors.ligand.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=258992 Ligand, TAP]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|LGD-3303
|align = "center"|[http://www.ligand.com/research.php Ligand, TAP]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Ostarine
|align = "center"|[http://www.gtxinc.com/tech/pipeline.htm GTx]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center"|Intermittent Versus Continuous Androgen Suppression
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00228124?order=111/ Ontario Cancer Research Network]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5"|
|-
|align = "center"|Mk 0733
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/annualreport/ar2006/pipeline.html Merck]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|TH0229
|align = "center"|Theratechnologies
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|c-8500
|align = "center"|Merck
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|c-3578
|align = "center"|Merck
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|apomorphine
|align = "center"|Ilex Oncology
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Genistein
|align = "center"|[http://www.newsrx.com/newsletters/Drug-Law-Weekly/2007-07-10/2207102007866DL.html<nowiki> </nowiki> Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] 
|align = "center"|isoflavones have been shown to interact with animal and human estrogen receptors, causing effects in the body similar to those caused by the hormone estrogen.
|align = "center"|Available
|-
|align = "center"|Soy estrogens
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00076050?order=61/ (NIAMS)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Hesperidin
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00330096?order=51/ Nestle clinical nutrition]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Davallia Divaricata
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00154609?order=63/ National Taiwan University Hospital]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Atorvaststin
|align = "center"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00120133?order=9}]
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Potassium citrate
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00357331?order=56/ Weill Medical College of Cornell University]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|4
|-
|align = "center"|Phosphorus
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00074711?order=60/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|}

===Devices===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|[http://www.hiprotector.com/wkit.html Hip Protector]
|Hip pads with special underwear with pockets
| 
|Children<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Mercy Hospital Kansas City
| 
|-
|}

==Market Information==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "10"|Prescription Trends in USA
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "10"|Source: Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1525-1530
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|'''1988'''
|align = "center"|'''1990'''
|align = "center"|'''1992'''
|align = "center"|'''1994'''
|align = "center"|'''1996'''
|align = "center"|'''1998'''
|align = "center"|'''2000'''
|align = "center"|'''2002'''
|align = "center"|'''2003'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Patients (Millions)'''
|align = "center"|NA
|align = "center"|0.6
|align = "center"|0.6
|align = "center"|0.5
|align = "center"|1.2
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|2.6
|align = "center"|2.8
|align = "center"|3.6
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "10"|'''Drugs Prescribed %'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Bisphosphonates (total)'''
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|48
|align = "center"|49
|align = "center"|54
|align = "center"|71
|align = "center"|73
|-
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|45
|align = "center"|47
|align = "center"|48
|align = "center"|53
|align = "center"|51
|-
|align = "center"|Risedronate
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|22
|-
|align = "center"|Etidronate
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|-
|align = "center"|'''Calcium'''
|align = "center"|39
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|43
|align = "center"|31
|align = "center"|26
|align = "center"|29
|align = "center"|26
|align = "center"|24
|-
|align = "center"|'''Calcitonins'''
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|16
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|7
|align = "center"|5
|-
|align = "center"|'''Estrogens'''
|align = "center"|35
|align = "center"|25
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|27
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|8
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|'''SERMs'''
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|12
|-
|}
==Clinical Trials==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Trial No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Condition'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Description'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Intervention'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Therapy'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Route of admn'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Sponsors & Collaborators'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Phase'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Date'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00405392?order=13 Investigate Patient Preference On Dosing In Ibandronate And Risedronate in korean women ]
|align = "center"| Ibandronate
|align = "center"| Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis Osteopenia
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00145977?order=14 Texture Analysis for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|University of Chicago
|align = "center"| -
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00471237?order=18 A Phase II Study Evaluating SB-751689 in Post-Menopausal Women With Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|SB-751689
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "center"|Phase II
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00432692?order=15 Fall prevention program ]
|align = "center"|Procedure
| -
| -
|align = "center"|Sint Maartenskliniek ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|Apr-07
|-
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis Osteopenia
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00491920?order=16 High Dosage Vitamin D and Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Cholecalciferol
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|University Hospital of North Norway
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|6
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00479037?order=19 Effect of PTH(1-84)or Strontium Ranelate on Bone Formation Measured by Bone Markers]
|align = "center"|Parathyronine hormone
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Nycomed
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|7
|align = "center"|Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00493532?order=20 A Study of Quarterly Intravenous Bonviva (Ibandronate) in Women With Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|ibandronate <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bonviva/Boniva<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center"|8
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00414973?order=22 A Study for Patients With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|1.Salmon Calcitonin 2.Teriparatide
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Nose/intravenous
|align = "center"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00404820?order=24 Safety/Efficacy of Zoledronic Acid and Alendronate on Bone Metabolism in Post Menopausal Women With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Zoledronic acid and alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Novartis
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00439647?order=26 Efficacy in Reducing Fractures and Safety of Zoledronic Acid in Men With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|zoledronic acid
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Novartis
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center"|11
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00154609?order=27 Davallia Divaricata BL: The Use of Traditional Chinese Native Medicine for Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Gu-Sui-Bu (Davallia Divaricata)
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|National Taiwan University Hospital
|align = "center"| Phase I
|align = "center"|Jan-07
|-
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00489918?order=44 Dose Ranging Study - Macroflux PTH in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Macroflux PTH
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"|The Macroflux Corporation
|align = "center"|Phase II
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00391404?order=41 Fosamax for Childhood Cancer Survivors]
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Chinese University of Hong Kong
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Oct-06
|-
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00365456?order=40 This study is currently recruiting patients.]
|align = "center"|Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"| Nycomed
|align = "center"| -
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00421343?order=38 This study is currently recruiting patients.]
|align = "center"|Alendronate with cholecalciferol and Os-Cal with extra D
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|National Institute on Aging (NIA),Glaxosmithkline
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|16
|align = "center"|Primary Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00447915?order=32 Phase II/III Clinical Study of R484iv (Ibandronic Acid) for Primary Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Ibandronic acid
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| Chugai Pharmaceutical
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Back pain and Spinal Fracture
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00343252?order=37 Effect of Teriparatide Compared to Risedronate on Back Pain in Women With a Spine Fracture Caused by Osteoporosis]
|Teriparatide and risedronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral/Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center"|18
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00493623?order=50 BONDIR Study: A Study of Intravenous Bonviva (Ibandronate) After Recent Vertebral Osteoporotic Fracture in Patients With Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|Ibandronate <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bonviva/Boniva<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|}

==Intellectual Property==
===Search strategy===
* '''Database/Vendor''': Micropat
* '''Search scope''': US Granted US Applications EP-A EP-B WO JP (bibliographic data only) DE-C,B DE-A DE-T DE-U GB-A FR-A; '''Claims'''
* '''Years''': Issue/Publication Date: >20051231
* '''Search String''': ((Osteoporosis OR (bone Near3 regeneration)) AND (treatment))
* '''Hits''': 1261/982 patents (with/with out family members)
* '''Date of search''': 14th September 2007

===Top players and IPC classes===

[[Image:Top players and IPC.jpeg|center|850 px|]]

===Geographical Distribution and Treatment Approaches===
[[Image:Osteoporosis -geographical.jpeg|center|850 px|]]

===IP activity and Treatment Approaches===
* Decline in the IP activity during 2005 and 2006 is due 18 months publication delay of patent document.
[[Image:Osteoporosis -year approach.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

==Conferences==
[http://www.chinamed.com.cn/icobr2008/html/WelcomeAddress.html International Conference on Osteoporosis and Bone Research to be held on Oct 15-18, 2008 in Beijing, China.]

[http://www.iofbonehealth.org/wco/2008/homepage.html 2008 IOF World Congress on Osteoporosis to be held on December 2-7, 2008 in Bangkok, Thailand]

[http://www.oarsi.org/meetings/07Congress/index.cfm 2007 World Congress on Osteoarthritis, being held December 6 - 9, 2007 at the Marriott Harbor Beach Resort & Spa in fabulous Ft. Lauderdale, Florida!]

Oral Diabetes Drugs

2007-09-14T17:18:16Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* IP activity and Treatment Approaches */

Diabetes is a disease caused by high levels of blood glucose resulting from improper production of insulin or action of insulin.

* '''Type 1''': In this Diabetes, the cells that make the hormone insulin regulate the blood glucose are destroyed by the body immune system. This is also called as juvenile onset diabetes as it occurs mainly in children and young adults. 5%-10% of all the cases of diabetes have Type I diabetes. Clinical trials are being pursued and planned to prevent type I diabetes. This is also called as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM).
* '''Type 2''': In this case, either the cells do not use insulin properly or the body does not produce enough insulin. 90% - 95% of the diabetics have Type 2 diabetes. This type of disease is also called as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and is mainly observed in people with old age, obese, family history of diabetes, history of gestational diabetes, impaired glucose metabolism, physical inactivity and race/ethnicity.
* '''Gestational Diabetes''': Increase in the levels of blood sugar during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes.

==Incidence and prevalence==
===Incidence===
In year 2004, diabetes ( Both type I and type II ) was diagnosed in 1.4 million adults between the age of 18-79 years (Figure 1). The incidence of diabetes was lower in adults having an age between 18-44 years compared to other groups (Figure 2). From 1997 through 2004, the age adjusted incidence of diagnosed diabetes ( Both type I and type II )increased by 35% among men and 46% among women (Figure 3).

[[Image:Number in thousands vs Year.jpg|left|250 px|thumb|Figure 1. Annual number (in thousands) of new cases of diagnosed diabetes among adults aged 18-79 years, in United States from 1997-2004. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig1.htm Source]]]

[[Image: Rate per 1000 vs gender.gif|right|250 px|thumb|
Figure 3. Gender based incidence of diagnosed diabetes per 1000 population aged from 18-79 years in U.S. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig4.htm Source]]]

[[Image: Rate per 1000 vs Year.jpg|center|250 px|thumb|Figure 2. Incidence of diagnosed diabetes per 1000 population aged 18-79 years, by age in U.S from 1997 to 2004. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/incidence/fig3.htm Source]]].

*The following table attempts to extrapolate the incidence rate for Diabetes( both type I and type II ) to the populations of various countries and regions.[http://cureresearch.com/d/diabetes/stats-country.htm Cure reasearch, Statistics by Country for Diabetes]
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="86%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|''' S.NO'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Country/Region'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Extrapolated incidence'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
| USA
|861,533
|-
|align = "center"|2
|Canada
|95,372
|-
|align = "center"|3
|Europe
|1,474,002
|-
|align = "center"|4
|Asia
|10,063,645
|-
|align = "center"|5
|Africa
|1,290,255
|-
|align = "center"|6
|Middle east
|1,055,809
|-
|align = "center"|7
|Australia and Southern Pacific
|70,138
|-
|}

===Prevalence===
The prevalence of diabetes( Both type I and type II ) in U.S. during the years 1980 to 2005, increased from 5.6 million to 15.8 million (Figure 4). Especially people aged from 65 to 74 had the highest prevalence compared to other age groups (Figure 5). The prevalence of the disease was similar in both men and women till the year 1998 but from 1999, the prevalence of the disease increased highly in men compared to females (Figure 6).

[[Image:Number vs Year.jpg|left|250 px|thumb|Figure 4. Number (millions) of persons with diagnosed diabetes from year 1980 to 2005 in United States. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figpersons.htm Source]]]

[[Image:Rate_per_100_vs_Age.jpg|right|250 px|thumb|Figure 5. Age dependent Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in United States from year 1980 to 2005. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figbyage.htm Source]]]

[[Image:Rate per 100 vs Year.jpg|center|250 px|thumb|Figure 6. Gender dependent Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in United States from year 1980 to 2005. [http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/national/figbysex.htm Source]]].
*The following table attempts to extrapolate the prevalence rate for Diabetes( both type I and type II ) to the populations of various countries and regions.[http://cureresearch.com/d/diabetes/stats-country.htm Cure reasearch, Statistics by Country for Diabetes].
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="86%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|''' S.NO'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Country/Region'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00"|'''Extrapolated Prevalence'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
| USA
|17,273,847
|-
|align = "center"|2
|Canada
|1,912,227
|-
|align = "center"|3
|Europe
|33,882,009
|-
|align = "center"|4
|Asia
|201,777,550
|-
|align = "center"|5
|Africa
|25,393,535
|-
|align = "center"|6
|Middle east
|21,169,243
|-
|align = "center"|7
|Australia and Southern Pacific
|1,406,291
|-
|}

==Market Overview==
* The Insulin market in 2006 was largely dominated by two players, Novo Nordisk of Denmark and Eli Lilly of USA.
* India and China are emerging as the most potential future markets for insulin delivery devices.
* Growing at a CAGR of 14.09%, global insulin market will reach US$ 14.5 Billion by 2010 from US$ 7.5 Billion in 2005.
* Over 60% of the insulin sold in 2006 was sold in pen devices.
* Insulin pen devices dominate the market in Europe and Japan whereas syringes and pumps dominate the US market.
* There was a big improvement in the global diabetes market for innovation particularly in the field of non-invasive methods of insulin delivery, including inhalable, oral and patch technology. [http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1491639&g=1 Source]
* There are 3 key new OAD classes; PPAR agonists, GLP-1 agonists/DPP IV inhibitors, and amlinomimetic agents. High forecasted sales are anticipated in 2011 for the GLP-1 agonist Exenatide LAR and the DPP-IV inhibitor Galvus at $2,902.9m and $1,228.7m, respectively. [http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1286835&g=1 Source]

[[Image:Diabetic market data.jpeg|thumb|center|800 px|]]

A. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0159m.pdf Competitive dynamics of the leading players in the global diabetes market, 2005]
B. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0159m.pdf Global diabetes market share by geography, 2005]]
C. [http://www.bccresearch.com/editors/RB-158.html Worldwide Diabetes Market, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2007]
D. [http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbhc0126m.PDF Global* market share of leading insulins (%), 1999-2003]

==Product Information==

[[Image:diabetes4.jpg|800 px|center|thumb| Overall categorization of diabetes treatments]]

===Products: Oral Hypoglycemic Agents===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FFFF00" colspan = "4"|Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Brand'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Company'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Availability'''
|-
|colspan = "4" | '''Sulfonylureas'''
|-
|'''First Generation'''
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Acetohexomide
|Dymelor
|Eli Lilly
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Chlorpropamide, Tolazamide
|Diabenase
|Pfizer
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|'''Second Generation'''
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
|Diabeta
|Aventis
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
|Micronase
|Pharmacia
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Glyburide (Glibenclamide)
|Glynase
|Pharmacia
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Glypizide
|Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL
|Pfizer
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|'''Third Generation'''
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Glimepride
|Amaryl
|Aventis
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Meglitnides'''
|-
|Repaglinide
|Prandin
|Novo Nordisk
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Nateglinide
|Sralix
|Novartis
|US,UK, J
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Biguanides'''
|-
|Metfromin
|Glucophage, Glucophage XR
|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|US
|-
|Metfromin
| 
| 
| 
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Thiazolidinediones'''
|-
|Rosiglitazone
|Avandia
|Glaxosmithkline
|US, G, UK
|-
|Pioglitazone
|Actos
|Takeda/ Eli Lilly
|US, UK, G, S, J
|-
|colspan = "4" |'''Alfa-Glucosidase Inhibitors'''
|-
|Acarbose
|Precose
|Bayer
|US, F, G, I, S,UK, J
|-
|Miglitol
|Glyset
|Pharmacia
|US, F, G, S
|-
|Voglibose
|Basen, Volix, Vogseal
|Ranbaxy, Nihon Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd
|I, J
|-
|colspan = "4"|'''Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor'''
|-
|Sitgliptin
|Januvia
|Merck
|US
|-
|}

===Products: Fixed Drug Combinations===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" colspan = "4"|'''Fixed Drug Combinations'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Brand Name'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug 1'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Drug 2'''
|bgcolor = "#CCFFFF"|'''Company'''
|-
|Metaglip
|Glipizide
|Metformin
|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|-
|Duetact
|Glimepiride
|Pioglitazone
|Takeda
|-
|Avandaryl
|Glimepiride
|Rosiglitazone
|GlaxoSmithKline
|-
|ACTOSPlusMet
|Pioglitazone
|Metformin
|Takeda
|-
|Avandamet
|Rosiglitazone
|Metformin
|GlaxoSmithKline
|-
|Janumet
|Sitgliptin
|Metformin
|Merck
|-
|}

===Product pipeline===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3" |'''Product Pipeline'''
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Drug'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Company'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFCC99"|'''Stage'''

|-
|align = "center" colspan = "3"|'''Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitor ''':DPP-IV inactivates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an important mediator of blood glucose levels following meals. DPP-IV inhibitors have been clinically shown to provide long term improvement of glucose control without the risk of hypoglycemia, and to improve the function of pancreatic beta cells, the cells responsible for the production of insulin.

|-
|align = "center"|ALS 2-0426
|align = "center"|[http://www.amgen.com/investors/pipe.jsp Alantos Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Servier]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|PSN9301
|align = "center"|[http://www.osip.com/PSN9301 OSI]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|SYR-322
|align = "center"|[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0RSB/is_2006_Jan_21/ai_n16017480 Takeda]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|R1579
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|vildagliptin (Galvus)
|align = "center"|[http://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/newsroom/pressReleases/releaseDetail.jsp?PRID=1984 novartis]
|align = "center"|NDA submitted in March 2006

|-
|align = "center"|MP-513
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki> DPP IV Inhibitor
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Saxagliptin
|align = "center"|[http://www.bms.com/research/content/data/pipeline.html Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Bristol-Myers Squibb]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Insulin sensitizer'''

|-
|align = "center"|MBX 102
|align = "center"|[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/26017.php Metabolex]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|MBX-2044
|align = "center"|[http://www.metabolex.com/pipeline.html Metabolex]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|ISIS 113715
|align = "center"|[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|NCX 4016
|align = "center"|[http://www.nicox.com/update/NCX_4016.html NicOx]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Cholebine
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|DG070 inhibitors
|align = "center"|[http://www.develogen.com/en/prod_pipeline.php?hnav=2&tnav=0 Develogen AG]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|align = "center"|NovoNorm®/Metformin
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=6 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''GLP 1 Analogue / Agonists'''

|-
|align = "center"|TH0318
|align = "center"|[http://www.drugresearcher.com/news/ng.asp?id=58974-new-diabetic-drug Theratechnolgies]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Liraglutide (NN2211)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=4 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|R1583
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Oral GLP
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/product_pipeline.asp Emisphere Technologies]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|PC-DAC™:Exendin-4
|align = "center"|[http://conjuchem.hyphenhealth.com/ ConjuChem]
|align = "center"|2

|-
| 
|align = "center"|[http://www.bms.com/research/content/data/pipeline.html Bristol-Myers Squibb ]
|align = "center"|Exploratory development

|-
|align = "center"|AVE0001A
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki>GLP 1 Agonist
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) agonist/analogue'''

|-
|align = "center"|AVE8134
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|AVE0897
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|R1439, aleglitazar
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|AVE0847
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|SAR351034
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|align = "center"|376501
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|625019
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|677954
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Avandia
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Avandia XR
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|PPAR Gamma Agonist <nowiki>+</nowiki> simvaststin
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/pp_pipeline_standard.htm Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|MCC-555, Netoglitazone
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma, Novartis]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|align = "center"|Muraglitzar
|align = "center"|[http://www.drugs.com/nda/muraglitazar_041223.html Bristol-Myers Squibb ]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Oral glucokinase activator (GKA)'''

|-
|align = "center"|PSN010
|align = "center"|[http://www.osip.com/PSN010 OSI]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|R1511
|align = "center"|[http://www.roche.com/home/investors/inv_pipeline/inv_pipeline_det.htm?ta=Metabolism&Phase=%25&submit=Show+pipeline Roche]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''G protein-coupled Receptor(GPR) 119 Agonist'''

|-
|align = "center"|PSN821
|align = "center"|[http://www.osip.com/PSN010 OSI]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist'''

|-
|align = "center"|Solabegron (GW427353)
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00401479?order=1 Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Antisense drug for Glucagon Receptor (GCGR)'''

|-
|align = "center"|ISIS 325568
|align = "center"|[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|ISIS 377131
|align = "center"|[http://www.isispharm.com/product_pipeline.html Isis]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|colspan = "3"|''' Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"|AVE2268
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|SAR 7226
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|Preclinical

|-
|align = "center"|189075
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00401479?order=1 Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist'''

|-
|align = "center"|Perzinfotel
|align = "center"|Wyeth
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Growth hormone releasing analogue'''

|-
|align = "center"|TH 9507
|align = "center"|[http://www.theratech.com/en/products-therapeutic-peptides/pipeline.php Theratechnolgies]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Aldolase reductase inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"|SNK-860, fidarestat
|align = "center"|[http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/reprint/24/10/1776.pdf Sankyo]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Neurotrophin Enhancer'''

|-
|align = "center"|MCC-257
|align = "center"|[http://www.m-pharma.co.jp/cgi-bin/pageview.cgi?pass=/e/develop/situation.html Mitsubishi Pharma]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Nitric oxide (NO) blocking agent'''

|-
|align = "center"|NOX-700
|align = "center"|[http://www.medinox.com/news/press.htm Medinox]
|align = "center"|1 staretd in 2002

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Antibody'''

|-
|align = "center"|TRX4
|align = "center"|[http://www.btgplc.com/PartneredDevelopment/240/TRX4.html BTG]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD1) inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"|AMG 221
|align = "center"|[http://wwwext.amgen.com/science/pipe_AMG221.html Amgen]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB, also named hnRNP) inhibitor'''

|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|Serono
|align = "center"|1
|-
|colspan = "3"|'''Insulin Like Growth Factor 1'''
|-
|-
|align = "center"|IPLEX
|align = "center"|Glen Allen
|align = "center"|Orphan Drug Status
|-
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3"|'''Miscellaneous'''

|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[http://www.metabolex.com/pipeline.html Metabolex]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|MBX-8025
|align = "center"|[http://www.metabolex.com/MBX-8025.html Metabolex]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Nateglinide with insulin sensitizers
|align = "center"|[http://www.astellas.com/global/about/news/2006/pdf/061130_eg.pdf Astellas pharmas]
|align = "center"|SNDA Filed

|-
|align = "center"|Nateglinide with biguanides
|align = "center"|[http://www.astellas.com/global/about/news/2006/pdf/061130_eg.pdf Astellas pharmas]
|align = "center"|SNDA Filed

|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 

|-
|align = "center"|869682
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00291356?order=2 Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|815541
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|625019
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|189075
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|677954
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|PPM-204
|align = "center"|[http://www.wyeth.com/research/pipeline Wyeth]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|CS-011 (Roviglitazone)
|align = "center"|Sankyo
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|ACOMPLIA®( Rimonabant*)
|align = "center"|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/rd/portfolio/p_rd_portfolio_metabo.asp Sanofi Aventis]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|CS-917
|align = "center"|Sankyo
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|R 1499
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|R1438
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|R483
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|R1440
|align = "center"|[http://www.chartsbank.com/PipelineList.aspx Roche]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|PSN 357
|align = "center"|OSI
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|NBI 6024
|align = "center"|Neurocrine Biosciences
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|CS-917
|align = "center"|[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/index.html metabasis, Daiichi Sankyo]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|MB07803
|align = "center"|[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/index.html metabasis, Daiichi Sankyo]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|AMPK Project
|align = "center"|[http://www.mbasis.com/pipeline/index.html metabasis, Daiichi Sankyo]
|align = "center"|Discovery

|-
|align = "center"|MK 0941
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|MK 1642
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Mk 0533
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|MK0893
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/pipeline.swf Merck]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Arxxant (ruboxistaurin)
|align = "center"|[http://investor.lilly.com/pipeline.cfm Eli Lilly]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|11 B- HSD 1
|align = "center"|[http://www.biovitrum.com/upload/images/R&D/Projectportfolio_June_2007.pdf Biovitrum, Amgen]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Gastrin <nowiki>+</nowiki> Metformin
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|AMG 837
|align = "center"|[http://wwwext.amgen.com/science/pipe_AMG221.html Amgen]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Darbepoetin alfa
|align = "center"|[http://wwwext.amgen.com/science/pipe_AMG221.html Amgen]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|Smylin(Amylin analogue)
|align = "center"|[http://www.amylin.com/pipeline/symlin.cfm Amylin]
|align = "center"|4

|-
|align = "center"|Exenatide LAR
|align = "center"|[http://www.amylin.com/pipeline/symlin.cfm Amylin]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|DG770 (beta cell regeneration factor)
|align = "center"|[http://www.develogen.com/en/prod_pipeline.php?hnav=2&tnav=0 Develogen AG]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|E1 INT (Islet regeneration)
|align = "center"|[http://www.transitiontherapeutics.com/technology/index.php Transition Therapeutics]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Mecasermin rinfabate (IPLEX) (IGF 1 and 2)
|align = "center"|[http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/InfoSheets/patient/mecasermin_rinfabatePIS.htm Insmed]
|align = "center"|Approved in 2005

|-
|align = "center"|Orlistat (Xenical) (Lipase inhibitor)
|align = "center"|[http://www.xenical.com/xen_do_home.asp Roche]
|align = "center"| 

|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "3"|'''Insulins'''

|-
|align = "center"|Oral Insulin
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_oi.asp Emisphere Technologies]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Technosphere
|align = "center"|[http://www.mannkindcorp.com/technosphere_insulin.aspx Mannkind corporation]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|NN344 (Insulin analogue)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=18 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|NN5401(Insulin analogue)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=19 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|AERx® iDMS (Insulin Inhalation system)
|align = "center"|[http://www.novonordisk.com/science/pipeline/rd_pipeline.asp?showid=5 Novo Nordisk]
|align = "center"|3

|-
|align = "center"|Inhaled insulin
|align = "center"|Bristol Meyers Squibb
|align = "center"|1

|-
|align = "center"|Inhaled insulin
|align = "center"|[http://investor.lilly.com/pipeline.cfm Eli Lilly]
|align = "center"|2

|-
|align = "center"|Exubera (Inhaled insulin)
|align = "center"|[http://www.pfizer.com/research/cardiovascular_condition.jsp Pfizer]
|align = "center"|4

|-
|align = "center"|Oal Lyn (Inhaled insulin)
|align = "center"|[http://www.generex.com/products/oral-lyn/ http://www.generex.com/products/oral-lyn/]
|align = "center"|Approved in Ecuador

|-
|align = "center"|Nasulin
|align = "center"|[http://www.bentleypharm.com/other/pipeline Bentley]
|align = "center"|2

|}

==Intellectual Property==
===Search strategy===
* '''Database/Vendor:''' Micropat
* '''Search scope:''' US Granted US Applications EP-A EP-B WO JP (bibliographic data only) DE-C,B DE-A DE-T DE-U GB-A FR-A; '''English Title'''
* '''Years:''' '''Issue/Publication Date:''' >20051231
* '''Search String:''' (Diabetes OR diabetic) AND (treatment OR treating)
* '''Hits:''' 618/217 patents (with/with out family members)
* '''Date of search:''' 11 July 2007

===Top players and IPC classes===

[[Image:Diabetes- top players.jpeg|center|850 px|]]

====IPC code definition====

{|border="0" cellspacing="1" width="80%"
|'''A61K'''
|Preparations for medical, dental, or toilet purposes
|-
|'''C07D'''
|Heterocyclic compounds
|-
|'''C07K'''
|Peptides
|-
|'''C12N'''
|Micro-organisms or enzymes; compositions thereof
|-
|'''C12Q'''
|Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or micro-organisms (immunoassay); compositions or test papers therefor; processes of preparing such compositions; condition-responsive control in microbiological or enzymological processes
|-
|}

===Geographical Distribution and Treatment Approaches===

[[Image:Diabetes -geographical.jpeg|center|850 px|]]

===IP activity and Treatment Approaches===
* Decline in the IP activity during 2005 and 2006 is due 18 months publication delay of patent document.
[[Image:Diabetes -year approach.jpeg|center|800 px|]]

==Clinical Trials==
===Approved/On-going===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5"|'''Clinical trials'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Drug'''
|align = "center"|'''Sponsors'''
|align = "center"|'''Description'''
|align = "center"|'''Phase'''
|align = "center"|'''Date of Start'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Oral Drugs'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Cannabinoid receptor antagonist'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00478595?order=1 Rimonabant]
|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis
|align = "justify"|The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of SR141716 (rimonabant) compared to placebo on change in HbA1c and on relative change in body weight over 52 weeks in obese type 2 diabetic patients on monotherapy inadequately controlled with oral anti-diabetic drug (sulfonylurea or ?-glucosidase inhibitor).
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Insulin Sensitisers'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00353587?order=24 Metaglidasen]
|align = "justify"|Metabolex
|align = "justify"|
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Thioglitazone'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00386100?order=1 Rosiglitazone maleate/metformin hydrochloride (AVANDAMET)]
|align = "justify"|GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "justify"|This study will evaluate the longer-term glycemic effect of two medicines approved for initial treatment of type 2 diabetes.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Oct-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00515632?order=8 Balaglitazone]
|align = "justify"|Rheoscience A/S
|align = "justify"|Balaglitazone is a thiazolidinedione derivative that is being developed as an oral anti-diabetic drug to improve blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to assess if additional treatment with balaglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes on stable insulin treatment will improve blood glucose control and decrease the daily insulin dose, but with less impact on weight gain and oedema.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''(DPP-4) inhibitor'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00351884?order=18 Vildagliptin]
|align = "justify"|Novartis
|align = "justify"|This is a 24-week study to assess the efficacy on HbA1c of 100 mg vildagliptin once daily as compared to placebo as add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controllled with metformin.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Insulin'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00419562?order=1 Oral Insulin]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK, NICHD, NIAID, NICR, ADA, JDRF
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Potassium Channel Blocker'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00131755?order=1 Diazoxide]
|align = "justify"|Grill, Valdemar, M.D.
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to find out if Diazoxide can partly retain insulin production in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Feb-05
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Nutritional Agents'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00117026?order=1 Benfotiamine (Vitamin B1)]
|align = "justify"|University Hospital, Aker, The Research Council of Norway
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|1, 2
|align = "center"|Aug-05
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00333554?order=1 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| June 2006
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00400491?order=1 Vitamin D]
|align = "justify"|University of Tromso
|align = "justify"|The purpose of the study is to evaluate if supplementation with vitamin D in a dose of 40.000 IU per week will result in improved metablic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Jun-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00351234?order=25 Carnitine Supplementation]
|align = "justify"|Children<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Mercy Hospital Kansas City,Sigma Tau Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Minimed Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacia/Upjohn Career Development Award
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine whether type I diabetics with carnitine deficiency exhibit increased numbers of hypoglycemic (low blood sugars) events and if unrecognized hypoglycemia occurs during continuous 72-hour glucose monitoring. If they are determined to have unrecognized hypoglycemia, then oral carnitine supplementation will be given to those subjects and they will be reassessed for the number of hypoglycemic events in a 72-hour glucose monitoring.
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|Oct-04
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Antiinflammatory'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00339833?order=63 Salsalate]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK,National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
|align = "justify"|This study, conducted at the Phoenix Indian Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, will determine whether reducing subclinical inflammation lessens insulin resistance in healthy, obese volunteers.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Mar-03
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Angiotensin (AT 2) Antagonist/blocker'''
|-
|align = "justify"| Olmesartan
|align = "justify"|Daiichi Sankyo Inc
|align = "justify"|N/A
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Oct-04
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00422487?order=35 MBX-2044]
|align = "justify"|Metabolex
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to collect important information regarding the glucose-lowering efficacy of MBX-2044 and the safety of MBX-2044 (especially weight gain and edema) in diabetics. It will also provide important information about the appropriate doses to be used in subsequent longer-term studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MBX-2044 alone and in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Oct-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00473525?order=39 PF-00734200]
|align = "justify"|Pfizer
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this Phase 2a study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability, of multiple parallel doses of PF-00734200 following oral administration to adult human subjects with T2DM who currently are on a stable dose of metformin.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00391196?order=41 CP-945,598]
|align = "justify"|Pfizer
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine if CP-945,598 is effective in the treatment of obesity in type 2 diabetic patients
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Nov-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00147745?order=46 WelChol® (colesevelam)]
|align = "justify"|Daiichi Sankyo Inc
|align = "justify"|This study is designed to assess the potential mechanism of action by which WelChol® (colesevelam) may improve blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|May-05
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00461006?order=61 Aleglitazar and Actos®]
|align = "justify"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "justify"|This study will compare the effects of aleglitazar and Actos®, added to preexisting oral antihyperglycemic therapy and/or diet and exercise, on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes, and normal or mildly impaired renal function.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| June 2007
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00328172?order=67 BI 1356 BS]
|align = "justify"|Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals
|align = "justify"|The objective of this monotherapy study is to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 3 doses of BI 1356 BS compared to placebo over 12 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and insufficient control of thier blood glucose. In addition, there will be an open-label treatment arm with metformin. The hypothesis of the trial is that the test drug, BI 1356 BS will lead to better control of blood glucose compared to placebo after 12 weeks of treatment.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00357370?order=84 BMS-512148]
|align = "justify"|Bristol-Myers Squibb
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this clinical research study is to learn if BMS-512148, added to insulin and one or two anti-diabetes medications (metformin and/or pioglitazone or rosiglitazone), can help reduce the blood sugar levels compared to insulin and one or two anti-diabetes medications (metformin and/or pioglitazone or rosiglitazone) alone, in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"| October 2006
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Parenteral routes'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Insulins'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00349986?order=3 Insuline glargine]
|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis
|align = "justify"|Purpose ogf this study is to determine rhe first dose and titration of basal insulin
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|May-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00360698?order=2 Basal Insulin Plus Insulin Glulisine]
|align = "justify"|Sanofi-Aventis
|align = "justify"|To evaluate the efficacy of a single injection of glulisine before the main meal added to insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) compared to insulin glargine plus OADs in Type 2 diabetic patients poorly controlled with basal insulin plus OADs.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Jul-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00282971?order=10 Inhaled Insulin (Exubera)]
|align = "justify"|Pfizer
|align = "justify"|To assess the impact on glucose control by inhaled insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not well controlled on 2 or more oral anti-diabetic agents
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Mar-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00325364?order=1 Insulin Inhalation Powder]
|align = "justify"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "justify"|This is a phase 3, open-label, randomized study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Lilly/Alkermes inhaled insulin system compared to injected pre-meal insulin in non-smoking patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients will be treated for 24 months with a 2-month follow-up period.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Apr-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00455858?order=51 Levemir]
|align = "justify"|Novo Nordisk
|align = "justify"|This trial aims for a comparison of the effect on glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes under both established Western algorithm and Korean practical algorithm, given in combination with oral diabetic drug(s)
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Aug-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00228878?order=69 Pulsatile IV Insulin]
|align = "justify"|Florida Atlantic University
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to determine if restoring normal metabolic function in patients with either type I or type II diabetes can improve the impact of the consequences of diabetic complications on the overall quality of life of diabetic patients. Patients are treated once a week with pulsatile intravenous insulin therapy mimicking normal insulin secretion.
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"|Mar-03
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Incretin Minetic'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00360334?order=9 Exenatide With Basal Insulin]
|align = "justify"|Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly
|align = "justify"|This is a phase 3 trial designed to compare the effects of twice daily exenatide plus oral antidiabetic agents (OADs) and once-daily insulin glargine plus OADs with respect to glycemic control, as measured by hemoglobin A1c, with minimum weight gain, in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes on OADs.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Jun-06
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00456300?order=1 Exenatide]
|align = "justify"|Baylor College of Medicine, NIH
|align = "justify"|The purpose of this study is to see if giving exenatide and insulin before a meal would lower blood sugars after the meal.
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00434954?order=11 Exenatide Plus Metformin vs. Insulin Aspart Plus Metformin]
|align = "justify"|Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly
|align = "justify"|This study in Germany is designed to compare the effects of twice-daily exenatide plus metformin and twice-daily premixed human insulin aspart plus metformin with respect to glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c, combined with the percentage of patients with at least one treatment-emergent hypoglycemic episode. Patients will be treated with study therapy for approximately 26 weeks.
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00451113?order=1 Sitigliptin]
|align = "justify"|Merck Frosst Canada Ltd, University of British Columbia
|align = "justify"|
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Nov-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Antibodies'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00129259?order=1 hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala)]
|align = "justify"|NIAID
|align = "justify"|hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala) is a man-made antibody that is commonly used to prevent organ rejection. The purpose of this study is determine whether hOKT3gamma1 (Ala-Ala) can halt the progression of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Sep-05
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00279305?order=1 Anti-CD20 (rituximab)]
|align = "justify"|NIDDK, NICHD, NIAID, NICR, ADA, JDRF
|align = "justify"|This study will investigate the use of rituximab to see if it can help lower the number of immune B cells thereby preventing the destruction of any remaining insulin producing beta cells that remain at diagnosis.
|align = "center"|2, 3
|align = "center"|Dec-06
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Surgical'''
|-
|align = "justify"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00303134?order=1 Islet Cell Transplants]
|align = "justify"|Weill Medical College of Cornell University
|align = "justify"|
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|Aug-03
|-
|}

==Conferences==
* [http://www.keystonesymposia.org/Meetings/ViewMeetings.cfm?MeetingID=922 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Action and Resistance] at Breckenridge, Colorado from January 22 - 27, 2008
* [http://www.diabetes.org.uk/Professionals/Conferences_and_events/Annual-Professional-Conference-2008/ Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference 2008] at Glasgow from 05 Mar 2008 09:00 to 07 Mar 2008 17:00
* [http://www.conferencealerts.com/seeconf.mv?q=ca13a3h0 7th International Diabetes Federation Western Pacific Region Congress] at Wellington, New Zealand on 30 Mar 2008.
* [http://debussy.hon.ch/cgi-bin/confevent?aff2+CONF07692+Diabetes_Mellitus 1st International Conference on Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes] at Czech Republic during 27 Feb to 01 Mar 2008.
* [http://www.goingtomeet.com/conventions/details/5301 Discovery Strategies Conference: Modeling Human Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes in Rodents] at Us during Aug-05-2007.
* [http://www.goingtomeet.com/conventions/details/15113 7th International Conference for Clinical Endocrinology,Diabetes and Infertility] at Egypt during Sep-06-2007.
* [http://www.diabetes.ca/section_professionals/confindex.asp CDA/CSEM Professional Conference and Annual Meetings] at British Columbia during October 24-27, 2007.

===Conference Update: [http://www.diabetes.org/home.jsp American Diabetic Association 2007] ===
==== Conference highlights for Oral Hypoglycemic Agents ====

# [[Oral_Diabetes_Drugs#Products:_Oral_Hypoglycemic_Agents|Oral hypoglecemic agents]] and their role in diabetes treatment. The focus was the recent meta analysis published in [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/356/24/2457?ijkey=9288cc5edfcb35c1e7f1bd5d974d1169d64cea0b NEJM], showing increase CV mortality with Rosiglitazone. The panel consensus was that while awaiting more safety data, for now those patients who are tolerating Rosiglitazone should continue taking them, whereas newly diagnosed patients should try alternative treatment. Also all PPAR agonists should be treated as distinct entities rather than having class effect.
# 12 different [[Oral_Diabetes_Drugs#Products:_Oral_Hypoglycemic_Agents| diabetes products]] are in various stages of development, and there were about 55 abstracts talking about DPP–IV inhibitors. They are especially useful for:
#* The elderly
#* Those with renal insufficiency
#* Heart failure patients
#[http://www.amylin.com/pipeline/symlin.cfm Amyline] analogue (Pramlinitide) was combined with Insulin for treatment of Type 2 DM and results were favorable.
# Continuous glucose monitoring using implanted glucose sensors is a step forward in evolving technology. Yet it is still very expensive and best for highly trained patients on intensive insulin therapy.

File:Osteoporosis -geographical.jpeg

2007-09-14T17:17:37Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com:

Osteoporosis

2007-09-14T17:17:21Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: /* Geographical Distribution and Treatment Approaches */

==Summary==

* '''Definition''' :A systematic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, increase of bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.

'''Types of Osteoporosis & its causes'''

#'''Primary osteoporosis(Type I (postmenopausal) or Type II (senile) )''':
##''Type I (postmenopausal)'': Generally develops in women after menopause when the amount of estrogen in the body greatly decreases. This process leads to an increase in the resorption of bone (the bones loses substance).
##''Type II (senile)'': This involves a thinning of both the trabecular bone (the spongy bone inside of the hard cortical bone) and the hard cortical bone. This process often leads to hip and vertebral body (in the spine) fractures.
#'''Secondary osteoporosis''': Secondary osteoporosis has the same symptoms as primary osteoporosis. However, it occurs as a result of having certain medical conditions, such as hyperthyroidism or leukemia. It may also occur as a result of taking medications known to cause bone breakdown, such as oral or high-dose inhaled corticosteroids (if used for more than 6 months), too high a dose of thyroid replacement, or aromatase inhibitors (used to treat breast cancer).
#'''Osteogenesis imperfecta''': Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare form of osteoporosis that is present at birth. Osteogenesis imperfecta causes bones to break for no apparent reason.
#'''Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis''':Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis is rare. It occurs in children between the ages of 8 and 14 or during times of rapid growth. There is no known cause for this type of osteoporosis, in which there is too little bone formation or excessive bone loss.

==Incidence and prevalence==
[[Image:Osteoporosis incidence.jpg|thumb|center|500px]]
===Incidence===
* 1 in 3 women over 50 will suffer a fracture due to osteoporosis; this increases to 1 in 2 over 60.
* 1 in 5 men over 50 will suffer a fracture due to osteoporosis; this increases to 1 in 3 over 60.
* Approximately 1.6 million hip fractures occur each year worldwide, the incidence is set to increase to 6.3 million by 2050.
* The highest risk of hip fractures are seen in Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Denmark and the USA.
* Currently, there is an increasing incidence of hip fractures in the developed cities in Asia. 1 out of 4 hip fractures occur in Asia and Latin America. This number of hip fractures will increase to 1 in 2 by 2050.
* In the Middle East, the burden of osteoporosis in the general population is expected to increase and is becoming a heavy financial burden.7
* The annual incidence rate of osteoporotic fractures in women is greater than the combined incidence rates of heart attack, stroke and breast cancer. ([[Media:Osteoporosis_factsheet.pdf|International osteoporosis foundation]])

===Prevalence===
*28 million Americans (10 million with osteoporosis; 18 million with low bone mass); eight million American women and 2 million men (NWHIC)(approx 1 in 9 or 10.29% or 28 million people in USA ).
*Total prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the middle- aged and elderly in China was 16. 1% in 2002. The prevalence rate among males was 11. 5% and among females was 19. 9%.
*Prevalence increase to 2.2 million in 2006 and 3 million in 2021 in Australia.
*The prevalence of Khon Kaen (Thai rural area) women has osteporosis in femoral neck and lumbar spine is 19.3% and 24.7% respectively. ([[Media:Osteoporosis_factsheet.pdf|International osteoporosis foundation]])

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''S.NO'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Country/Region'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Extrapolated Prevalence'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
|USA
|10 million cases (80% cases are women and 20% cases are men)
|-
|align = "center"|2
|Australia
|2.2 million
|-
|align = "center"|3
|Middle east
|18,603,593
|-
|align = "center"|4
|Africa
|47,233,590
|-
|align = "center"|5
|Asia
|359,862,754
|-
|align = "center"|6
|Europe
|80,590,570
|-
|}

==Product Information==
[[Image:osteoporosis.jpg|800 px|center|thumb| Overall categorization of osteoporosis treatments]]
===Products in market===

{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Generic'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Brand'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Current Status'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Type'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Company'''
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Antiresorptives'''
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Bisphosphonates'''
|-
|Alendronate
|FOSAMAX®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.merck.com/product/ Merck]
|-
|Risedronate
|Actonel®
|Approved by US/ES
|Postmenopausal
|[http://en.sanofi-aventis.com/ Sanofi-Aventis/Procter & Gamble]
|-
|Ibandronate
|Boniva™
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.roche.com/home.html Roche]
|-
|Etidronate
|Didronel
|Off Label
| 
|[http://www.pgpharma.com/consumer_didronel.shtml Proctor And Gamble]
|-
|Zoledronic Acid
|Aclasta
|Approved
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/80208.php Novartis]
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators'''
|-
|Raloxifene
|Evista®
|Approved by US
|Osteoporosis
|[http://www.lilly.com/ Eli lilly]
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Hormone Replacement Therapy'''
|-
|Conjugated estrogen
|Premarin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.wyeth.com/ Wyeth]
|-
|Conjugated estrogen
|Cenestin™
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/HC/HCDrugClass/0,4055,34-19,00.html Duramed]
|-
|Esterified estrogens
|Estratab®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.solvay.com/ Solvay]
|-
|Esterified estrogens
|Menesta
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=1&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monarchpharm.com%2Findex.cgi%3FCONTEXT%3Dpoalph%26BISKIT%3D95434236815619&ei=bfO_Rpz8Io66sgK63ZS5CA&usg=AFQjCNEFn9uNNf941eVdhDU28dKL-77PGA&sig2=TS_t-tguidki-FvhYmkiMA Monarch]
|-
|Estradiol Transdermal System
|Menostar
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.menostar-us.com/HCP/index.html Bayer]
|-
|Estradiol Transdermal System
|Vivelle Dot
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.noven.com/PR052002.htm Noven]
|-
|Estradiol
|Estrace®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.bms.com/landing/data/index.html Bristol-Myers Squibb]
|-
|Estradiol
|Gynodiol
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novavax.com/ Novavax]
|-
|Tibolone
|Livifem
| 
|Postmenopausal
| 
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "5"|'''Calcitonin'''
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Injection
|Miacalcin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novartis.com/ Novartis]
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray
|Miacalcin®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
|[http://www.novartis.com/ Novartis]
|-
|Calcitonin Salmon Nasal Spray
|Fortical®
|Approved by US
|Postmenopausal
| 
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Bone Forming Drugs'''
|-
|Teripratide
|Forteo®
|Approved by US
|Osteoporosis
|[http://www.pfizer.com/home/ Pfizer]
|-
|bgcolor = "#CCFFCC" colspan = "5"|'''Drugs with Complex Mechanisms of Action'''
|-
|Strontium Ranelate
|Protelos
|Not approved in USA
|Postmenopausal osteoporosis
|[http://www.servier.com/pro/osteoporose/home_osteo.asp Servier]
|-
|Vitamin D
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
|Calcium
| 
|[http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/E6-22573.htm FDA is considering amending rules so that companies can now claim that calcium and Vitamin D in their food supplements can prevent osteoprorosis in all ages and both sexes]
| 
|FDA
|-
|}

===Product pipeline===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5" rowspan = "1" |'''Product Pipeline'''
|-
|colspan = "5"|
|-
|align = "center"|'''DRUG'''
|align = "center"|'''COMPANY'''
|align = "center"|'''DESCRIPTION'''
|align = "center"|'''STAGE'''
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''RANKL Inhibitors'''
|-
|align = "center"|Denosumab
|align = "center"|[http://www.alantos.com/investors/pipe.jsp/ Atlantos, Amgen]
|align = "center"|A monoclonal antibody
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Bisphosphonates'''
|-
|align = "center"|Minodronate (YM529)
|align = "center"|Astellas
|align = "center"|Nitrogen containing bisphosphonate
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Calcium Antagonist'''
|-
|align = "center"|423557
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/reps04/20F-2004.pdf Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|423562
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/reps04/20F-2004.pdf Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Calcilytics (751689)
|align = "center"|[http://www.npsp.com/drug_development/dd_calcilytics.php/ NPS and Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|Calcilytics antagonize calcium receptors on parathyroid glands resulting in a transient release of the body<nowiki>’</nowiki>s own stores of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
|align = "center"|1
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Parathyroid Hormone'''
|-
|align = "center"|768974
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf/ Glaxosmithkline]
|align = "center"|Parathyroid Hormone Agonist
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Preos (rDNA origin)
|align = "center"|[http://www.npsp.com/drug_development/dd_calcilytics.php NPS]
|align = "center"|Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone
|align = "center"|Registration Filed
|-
|align = "center"|PTH1-34
|align = "center"|[http://www.nastech.com/nastech/pipeline/ Nastech]
|align = "center"|Intranasal Parathyroid hormone
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|
|-
|align = "center"|PTH1-34
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_pp.asp Novartis, Emisphere]
|align = "center"|Oral Parathyroid hormone
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|
|-
|align = "center"|PTH Analogs
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Cathepsin k Inhibitor'''
|-
|align = "center"|Relacatib (SB-462795)
|align = "center"|[http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/pipeline.pdf/ GlaxoSmithkline]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|AAE581
|align = "center"|[http://www.asbmr.org/news/press_releases/2005/royrelease.cfm Novartis]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|MK-0822
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/annualreport/ar2006/pipeline.html/ Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Merck]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators'''
|-
|align = "center"|Bazedoxifene
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/search?term=bazedoxifene&submit=Search/ Wyeth, Ligand]
|align = "center"|A Third-Generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Lasofoxifene (Oporia)
|align = "center"|[http://www.ligand.com/collaborations.php#Leading/ Pfizer,Ligand]
|align = "center"|A Third-Generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator for Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|NDA
|-
|align = "center"|Arzoxifene
|align = "center"|[http://www.lillytrials.com/ Eli lilly]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Taromifene (Fareston)
|align = "center"|[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1550783 Orion]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Calcitonin'''
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|[http://www.nastech.com/nastech/pipeline/ Nastech]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|NDA
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"|Nasal
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.unigene.com/products/product_pipeline.php/ Unigene]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin (SMC 021)
|align = "center"|[http://www.emisphere.com/pc_osc.asp Novartis, Emisphere, Nordic]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Salmon calcitonin
|align = "center"|[http://www.sbtdc.org/technology/sbir/nobex.pdf Nobex (Biocon)]
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|3
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Vitamin D'''
|-
|align = "center"|ED 71
|align = "center"|[http://www.chugai-pharm.co.jp/english/ir/pipeline/index.html<nowiki> </nowiki>Bone/ Chugai]
|align = "center"|Activted Vitamin D derivative
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Doxercalciferol (Hectorol)
|align = "center"|[http://www.centerwatch.com/patient/drugs/dru614.html Bone Care Int.]
|align = "center"|Synthetic Vitamin D
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Nitrates: Research is going on to determine if nitrates can prevent osteoporosis in women.'''
|-
|align = "center"|Isosorbide mononitrate
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/ St. Michael<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Hospital, Toronto]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Nitroglycerine
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00252421 Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|HCT 1026 (NO releasing Derivative of NSAIDs)
|align = "center"|[http://www.centerwatch.com/bookstore/nmt/nmtb_osteoporosis.pdf NicOx SA]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|colspan = "5"|'''Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM)'''
|-
|align = "center"|LGD-2941
|align = "center"|[http://investors.ligand.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=258992 Ligand, TAP]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|LGD-3303
|align = "center"|[http://www.ligand.com/research.php Ligand, TAP]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Ostarine
|align = "center"|[http://www.gtxinc.com/tech/pipeline.htm GTx]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|-
|align = "center"|Intermittent Versus Continuous Androgen Suppression
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00228124?order=111/ Ontario Cancer Research Network]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "5"|
|-
|align = "center"|Mk 0733
|align = "center"|[http://www.merck.com/finance/annualreport/ar2006/pipeline.html Merck]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|TH0229
|align = "center"|Theratechnologies
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|c-8500
|align = "center"|Merck
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|c-3578
|align = "center"|Merck
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|apomorphine
|align = "center"|Ilex Oncology
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Genistein
|align = "center"|[http://www.newsrx.com/newsletters/Drug-Law-Weekly/2007-07-10/2207102007866DL.html<nowiki> </nowiki> Primus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.] 
|align = "center"|isoflavones have been shown to interact with animal and human estrogen receptors, causing effects in the body similar to those caused by the hormone estrogen.
|align = "center"|Available
|-
|align = "center"|Soy estrogens
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00076050?order=61/ (NIAMS)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Hesperidin
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00330096?order=51/ Nestle clinical nutrition]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|Davallia Divaricata
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00154609?order=63/ National Taiwan University Hospital]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|1
|-
|align = "center"|Atorvaststin
|align = "center"| [http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00120133?order=9}]
|align = "center"| 
|-
|align = "center"|Potassium citrate
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00357331?order=56/ Weill Medical College of Cornell University]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|4
|-
|align = "center"|Phosphorus
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00074711?order=60/ National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)]
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|3
|-
|}

===Devices===
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|[http://www.hiprotector.com/wkit.html Hip Protector]
|Hip pads with special underwear with pockets
| 
|Children<nowiki>’</nowiki>s Mercy Hospital Kansas City
| 
|-
|}

==Market Information==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99" colspan = "10"|Prescription Trends in USA
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "10"|Source: Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1525-1530
|-
|align = "center"| 
|align = "center"|'''1988'''
|align = "center"|'''1990'''
|align = "center"|'''1992'''
|align = "center"|'''1994'''
|align = "center"|'''1996'''
|align = "center"|'''1998'''
|align = "center"|'''2000'''
|align = "center"|'''2002'''
|align = "center"|'''2003'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Patients (Millions)'''
|align = "center"|NA
|align = "center"|0.6
|align = "center"|0.6
|align = "center"|0.5
|align = "center"|1.2
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|2.6
|align = "center"|2.8
|align = "center"|3.6
|-
|align = "center" colspan = "10"|'''Drugs Prescribed %'''
|-
|align = "center"|'''Bisphosphonates (total)'''
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|48
|align = "center"|49
|align = "center"|54
|align = "center"|71
|align = "center"|73
|-
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|45
|align = "center"|47
|align = "center"|48
|align = "center"|53
|align = "center"|51
|-
|align = "center"|Risedronate
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|22
|-
|align = "center"|Etidronate
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|-
|align = "center"|'''Calcium'''
|align = "center"|39
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|43
|align = "center"|31
|align = "center"|26
|align = "center"|29
|align = "center"|26
|align = "center"|24
|-
|align = "center"|'''Calcitonins'''
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|16
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|7
|align = "center"|5
|-
|align = "center"|'''Estrogens'''
|align = "center"|35
|align = "center"|25
|align = "center"|33
|align = "center"|27
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|8
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|3
|-
|align = "center"|'''SERMs'''
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|0
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|12
|-
|}
==Clinical Trials==
{|border="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" width="100%"
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Trial No.'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Condition'''
|bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Description'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Intervention'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Therapy'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Route of admn'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Sponsors & Collaborators'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Phase'''
|align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFFF99"|'''Date'''
|-
|align = "center"|1
|align = "center"|Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00405392?order=13 Investigate Patient Preference On Dosing In Ibandronate And Risedronate in korean women ]
|align = "center"| Ibandronate
|align = "center"| Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|2
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis Osteopenia
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00145977?order=14 Texture Analysis for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|University of Chicago
|align = "center"| -
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "center"|3
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00471237?order=18 A Phase II Study Evaluating SB-751689 in Post-Menopausal Women With Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|SB-751689
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| GlaxoSmithKline
|align = "center"|Phase II
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|4
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00432692?order=15 Fall prevention program ]
|align = "center"|Procedure
| -
| -
|align = "center"|Sint Maartenskliniek ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|Apr-07
|-
|align = "center"|5
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis Osteopenia
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00491920?order=16 High Dosage Vitamin D and Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Cholecalciferol
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|University Hospital of North Norway
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|6
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00479037?order=19 Effect of PTH(1-84)or Strontium Ranelate on Bone Formation Measured by Bone Markers]
|align = "center"|Parathyronine hormone
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Nycomed
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|7
|align = "center"|Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00493532?order=20 A Study of Quarterly Intravenous Bonviva (Ibandronate) in Women With Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|ibandronate <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bonviva/Boniva<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "center"|Phase IV
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center"|8
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00414973?order=22 A Study for Patients With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|1.Salmon Calcitonin 2.Teriparatide
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Nose/intravenous
|align = "center"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|9
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00404820?order=24 Safety/Efficacy of Zoledronic Acid and Alendronate on Bone Metabolism in Post Menopausal Women With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Zoledronic acid and alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Novartis
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|10
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00439647?order=26 Efficacy in Reducing Fractures and Safety of Zoledronic Acid in Men With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|zoledronic acid
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Novartis
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center"|11
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00154609?order=27 Davallia Divaricata BL: The Use of Traditional Chinese Native Medicine for Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Gu-Sui-Bu (Davallia Divaricata)
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|
|align = "center"|National Taiwan University Hospital
|align = "center"| Phase I
|align = "center"|Jan-07
|-
|align = "center"|12
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00489918?order=44 Dose Ranging Study - Macroflux PTH in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Macroflux PTH
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"|The Macroflux Corporation
|align = "center"|Phase II
|align = "center"|Jun-07
|-
|align = "center"|13
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00391404?order=41 Fosamax for Childhood Cancer Survivors]
|align = "center"|Alendronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|Chinese University of Hong Kong
|align = "center"| Phase III
|align = "center"|Oct-06
|-
|align = "center"|14
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00365456?order=40 This study is currently recruiting patients.]
|align = "center"|Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"| Nycomed
|align = "center"| -
|align = "center"|Feb-07
|-
|align = "center"|15
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00421343?order=38 This study is currently recruiting patients.]
|align = "center"|Alendronate with cholecalciferol and Os-Cal with extra D
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"|National Institute on Aging (NIA),Glaxosmithkline
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|May-07
|-
|align = "center"|16
|align = "center"|Primary Osteoporosis
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00447915?order=32 Phase II/III Clinical Study of R484iv (Ibandronic Acid) for Primary Osteoporosis]
|align = "center"|Ibandronic acid
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral
|align = "center"| Chugai Pharmaceutical
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Mar-07
|-
|align = "center"|17
|align = "center"|Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Back pain and Spinal Fracture
|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00343252?order=37 Effect of Teriparatide Compared to Risedronate on Back Pain in Women With a Spine Fracture Caused by Osteoporosis]
|Teriparatide and risedronate
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Oral/Subcutaneuos
|align = "center"|Eli Lilly and Company
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|align = "center"|18
|align = "center"|Osteoporosis
|align = "center"|[http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00493623?order=50 BONDIR Study: A Study of Intravenous Bonviva (Ibandronate) After Recent Vertebral Osteoporotic Fracture in Patients With Osteoporosis.]
|align = "center"|Ibandronate <nowiki>[</nowiki>Bonviva/Boniva<nowiki>]</nowiki>
|align = "center"|Drug
|align = "center"|Intravenous
|align = "center"|Hoffmann-La Roche
|align = "center"|Phase III
|align = "center"|Jul-07
|-
|}

==Intellectual Property==
===Search strategy===
* '''Database/Vendor''': Micropat
* '''Search scope''': US Granted US Applications EP-A EP-B WO JP (bibliographic data only) DE-C,B DE-A DE-T DE-U GB-A FR-A; '''Claims'''
* '''Years''': Issue/Publication Date: >20051231
* '''Search String''': ((Osteoporosis OR (bone Near3 regeneration)) AND (treatment))
* '''Hits''': 1261/982 patents (with/with out family members)
* '''Date of search''': 14th September 2007

===Top players and IPC classes===

[[Image:Top players and IPC.jpeg|center|850 px|]]

===Geographical Distribution and Treatment Approaches===
[[Image:Osteoporosis -geographical.jpeg|center|850 px|]]

===IP activity and Treatment Approaches===

==Conferences==
[http://www.chinamed.com.cn/icobr2008/html/WelcomeAddress.html International Conference on Osteoporosis and Bone Research to be held on Oct 15-18, 2008 in Beijing, China.]

[http://www.iofbonehealth.org/wco/2008/homepage.html 2008 IOF World Congress on Osteoporosis to be held on December 2-7, 2008 in Bangkok, Thailand]

[http://www.oarsi.org/meetings/07Congress/index.cfm 2007 World Congress on Osteoarthritis, being held December 6 - 9, 2007 at the Marriott Harbor Beach Resort & Spa in fabulous Ft. Lauderdale, Florida!]

File:Top players and IPC.jpeg

2007-09-14T17:15:58Z

Vinod.singh@dolcera.com: